Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Research Article
INTRODUCTION
By and large, agriculture in Ethiopia is subsistence. This is Lentils are grown in different volumes across the country.
predominantly true to the major food crops grown in the Lentils grown in 2015/16 (2008 E.C.) covered 6.1%
country and lentils are one of these crops (Negussie T, (100,692.74 hectares) of the legumes crop area produced
2004).In Ethiopia, the private peasant holders grow Lentils by 68,6415 private peasant land holders and 5% (about
primarily for the seed which has relatively higher contents 1,339,336.41 quintals) of the legumes production was
of protein; carbohydrate and calories compared to other drawn from the lentil crop in Ethiopia. This is concentrated
legumes and is the most desired crop because of its high in the Amhara and Oromia regions with 54% and 36%
average protein content, fast cooking characteristics and producers, respectively, engaged in production. The two
economic benefits (S.Kumer, S. Barpete, J.Kumar, regions account for 93% of the total area occupied by lentil
P.Gubta and A.Sarker, 2013).It provides important (CSA, 2016).
economic advantages to the small scale farm households
in providing food, feed, cash income, soil improvement and Studies revealed that, regardless of its importance, lentil
foreign currency earnings (Matny On, 2015; Daniel. A, productivity is still very low in Ethiopia mainly due to little
Firew M, and Asnake F, 2015). attention by the research (Chilot Y, yigezu A and Aden A,
2016). The study was therefore generally intended at
On the other hand, lentils one of the heavily consumed engendering information about Lentil production trend in
legumes crops in Ethiopia and is a popular ingredient of the country and the value of exports, the country is making
every day diet in the majority of households. Besides being from Lentil trade in the international market that will justify
rich in protein, the ability of crop to use atmospheric the need to invest in lentil research and development.
nitrogen through biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) is
economically appealing and environmentally friendly. It is
also well adapted to various soil types and also considered
as drought-resistant crop. It is widely grown in areas *Corresponding Author: Baye Belay, Ethiopian Institute
having an altitude range of 1,700-2,400 meters above sea of Agricultural Research P.O. Box 2003, Adis Ababa,
level with annual rainfall ranging from 700-2,000 mm in Ethiopia. E-mail: eyob.bezabeh@gmail.com
Ethiopia (David Karanja, 2016; Asnake F, 1996)
REGRESSION ANALYSIS
The simple linear regression functions were fitted for Fig 3: Trend in export volume of Lentils
estimating the response of production of Lentil due to the
change of its respective area and yield. And productions of In terms of value, the period under analysis opened with
Lentils were significantly increased. The coefficient of relatively higher values of Lentils exports and this was
production on area and yield were0.796 and 93468.677 followed by substantial decrease in value of Lentils
respectively, as shown inTable 2 below. exports. The export value was 173,032 birr in 1997 and
reached its climax during 2014 which was 25,658,382 birr
Table 2: Regression analysis - to test the dependency of (fig 3). The period under review closed with relatively low
production on area and yield of Lentil export values of Lentils. The trend in value of Lentils
variables Regression coefficient t-value P(T<=t) export was generally does not show any significant
two tail increase. And this shows that Lentils was not given more
constant -69670.768 -18.772 0.000 attention as an income generating means in the
Area 0.796 11.703 0.000 international market.
yield 93468.677 18.250 0.000
GROWTH RATE
Trend in Value-to-volume ratio (VVR) for exported Year Total Volume Total Value VVR
Lentils 2013 40,000 198,974 5.0
2014 10,000 198,710 19.9
According to Bezabeh E (2017) the trend in the export 2015 - -
value-to-volume ratio (VVR) is an indicator of whether the 2016 170,000 17,563 0.1
product is either gaining or losing value from movement in
world prices. It gives an indication of the extent to which Major Export Destinations of Ethiopian Lentils
the product can be considered a relatively high-value
export. In other words, VVR is the amount of local currency The exports destination countries are summarized in table
earned from a kilogram of export item over time and 5. The VVR for each destination country is also provided
calculated by dividing total value in birr by total volume in which help us compare countries based on the VVR and
kilogram of the export item. made decision which country can provide better
advantage for Ethiopia’s Lentils. Accordingly, the countries
From figure 5 we can reveal that, the VVR for exported for which Ethiopia’s Lentils has been exported includes
Ethiopian lentils fluctuated during the study period. As a Bangladesh, Djibouti, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Kenya,
result of this the volume of the exported Lentils has not Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sudan, Turkey, United
been increasing. Therefore, the country has not been Arab Emirates and Yemen.
benefited with the crop in the international market.
Pakistan and United Arab Emirates were the highest
volume recipient countries for Ethiopian Lentils with the
percentage share of 20 % and 16 % respectively. The total
volume of export destined to Pakistan during the study
period was 8,808,933.8kg and the total volume exported
to the second large recipient country United Arab Emirates
has been 7,279,225 kg.
Table 5 continue. Export Destinations of Ethiopian Lentils the destination country from which highest value/kg (birr
Net Mass FOB Value 25/kg) from Lentils export was received.
VVR
Destination (Kg) (ETB)
Jordan 266,000 1,788,912 6.7 In terms of volume, Pakistan and United Arab Emirates
Kenya 671,600 7,507,521 11.2 were the highest volume recipient countries for Ethiopian
Mauritius 42,000 461,397 11.0 Lentils with the percentage share of 20% and16%
Netherlands 131,835 586,445 4.4 respectively. But the export value of 1kg of Lentils per kg
Pakistan 8,808,934 57,062,450 6.5 for export destined to largest recipient country of Ethiopian
Panama 62,874 177,070 2.8 Lentils export- Pakistan was birr 7 and that of United Arab
Philippines 109,780 485,794 4.4 Emirates was birr 9 which indicates us that, we are losing
Saudi Arabia 2,467,360 23,104,222 9.4 the advantage in the international market.
Singapore 1,476,780 14,720,283 10.0
Ethiopia is exporting large proportion of its Lentils to
South Africa 44,000 264,017 6.0
countries that provide lowest VVR. In order to enhance the
Sudan 3,606,322 44,884,744 12.4
revenue, the country generate from its Lentils production
Sweden 100 505 5.0
countries that provide higher VVR has to be targeted.
Switzerland 283,912 3,132,747 11.0
Syrian Arab Republic 220,000 2,656,759 12.1
Turkey 4,097,008 41,708,017 10.2 REFERENCES
Turks and Caicos
5.9
Islands 115,000 682,752 Bezabeh E (2017). Trends in production and export of
Ukraine 230,000 2,303,610 10.0 Gesho/Rhamnus prinoids in Ethiopia. International
United Arab Emirates 7,279,225 65,170,550 9.0 Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 4(2): 243-
United Germany 200 610 3.0 250
United Kingdom 5,802 16,613 2.9 Chilot Y. Yigezu A. and Aden A. (2016). Diffusion of
United States 258,108 1,479,188 5.7 Improved lentil varieties in Ethiopia: Ethiopian Inistitute
Yemen 1,817,222 7,941,514 4.4 of Agricultural Researc-research report
CSA, Central Statistics Agency. 2016. Agricultural Sample
Survey 2016 (2010 E.C.). Volume I. Report on Area and
Production of Major Crops (Private Peasant Holdings,
Meher Season). Statistical Bulletin, Addis Ababa
Daniel Admasu, Firew Mekbib and Asnake Fikre.(2015).
Genetic Improvement of Lentil [Lens Culinaris Medikus]
Between 1980 and 2010 in Ethiopia. Malaysian Journal
of Medical and Biological Research, Vol 2(3), 284-292.
David Karanja. (2016). Legumess Crops Grown in
Ethiopia, Kenya and United Republic of Tanzania for
Local and Export Market. International Trade Centre,
Fig 6: Export destinations of Ethiopian lentils Eastern Africa Grain Council.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
FAOSTAT database (FAOSTAT, 2016), available at
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION http://faostat.fao.org/
Matny ON. Lentil (Lens Culinaris Medikus) Current Status
The area and production of Lentils in Ethiopia shows a and Future Prospect of Production in Ethiopia. Adv
significant compounded growth rate of 4 percent and 9 Plants Agric Res. 2015;2(2):45‒53.
percent respectively while, the productivity show 5 percent Negussie Tadesse.(2004). Epidemiology of Lentil Rust in
during the study period. Ethiopia with Special Reference to Disease Progress
and Yield Loss Assessment. Faculty of Natural and
On the other hand, the export volume of Lentils from Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences
Ethiopia during the study period was about 2,339,693 kg (Plant Pathology), University of the Free State, South
on average. And also, the average value Ethiopia incurred Africa.
in exporting Lentils during the study period was S.Kumer, S. Barpete, J.Kumar, P.Gubta and
18,684,845 birr. If we take the look at the trends in value A.Sarker.(2013). Global Lentil Production: Constraints
to volume ratio of Ethiopian Lentils during the study period, and Strategies. SATSA Mukhapatra - Annual Technical
it exhibited its maximum VVR of birr 65/kg during 2012, Issue 17 : 2013.
whereas a minimum VVR of birr 0.1/kg in 2016. Italy was