Chapter 1

SOURCES OF ENERGY USED IN MOTOR VEHICLES

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 1.1. General engine requirements
- Good response: Engines should respond to the wide
range of operating conditions: load, velocity,….
- Good efficiency
- Compact and light
- Durability, reliability
- Serviceability
- Low Emission
- Quiet
- Low cost

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 1.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGINES
The engine characteristic is a graphical representation of the
dependence of such basic parameters of its operation as power,
torque, fuel consumption on angular velocity, load and other
engine parameters.

SPEED CHARATERISTICS
The speed characteristic of an engine is a graphical representation
of the dependence of the basic parameters describing the
functioning of the engine (power, torque, etc.) on the crankshaft
angular velocity

The speed characteristic which corresponds to the wide-open

throttle or the maximum delivery of fuel is known as external
speed characteristic

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 1.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGINES

- Relationship between effective power of engine, effective torque

of engine and angular velocity of crankshaft:
Pe = Me.ωe
Pemax = maximum effective power of engine
effetive torque of engine corresponding to the
maximum value of the effective power of engine
Angular velocity of crankshaft corresponding to the
maximum value of the effective power of engine

The adaptability coefficient: KM = Memax/

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 1.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGINES

Pe
Pemax
Me

Memax
MeP

0 me
e
Fig. 1.1: External speed charactiristics of carburetor engine
operating without an angular velocity regulator

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 Pe
Me Pe

Me

max

0 min me

Fig. 1.2: External speed charactiristics of carburetor engine

operating with an angular velocity regulator

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 Pe
Me
Pemax

Memax

ge

0 me Pe

Fig. 1.3: External speed charactiristics of diesel engine

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 1.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGINES
HOW TO CONSTRUCT THE EXTERNAL SPEED CHARACTIRISTICS:

- The data obtainned from tests on a special stand

(dynamometer)

- The charactiristics which are plotted by manufacturers

- Empirical formulars

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; 1.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGINES
;
- Empirical formulars :

a, b, c : experiment coefficients

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; 1.2. CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGINES
;
- Empirical formulars :

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1.3. IDEAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ENGINES

Fig. 1.4: Ideal charactiristics of engines used in motor vehicles

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