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Spirituality can be defined in various perspectives. Bowen (2018) provided the latest religious
Spirituality is often defined more broadly than religiosity, with demographics in the world. According to him, Christians are
a focus on seeking the sacred or ultimate truth without the the majority group (31.5 %) of about 2.2 billion people
institutional boundaries of organized religion (Newberg & followed by Islam (22.3 %) with 1.6 billion people, no religion
Newberg, 2008 as cited in Brandenberger & Bowman, 2013). (15.4 %), Hindu (14 %), Buddhist (5.3 %), Sikhism (0.3 %),
Judaism (0.2 %) and others (11 %). It can be said that these
Spirituality is also often connected with the concept of major world religions have shaped the lives of their members
religion and religiosity. The foregoing history shows how and most especially influenced their spirituality.
religion and spiritualty have carried many shifting and The following are the major world religions aside from
sometimes opposed connotations, underscoring the need to Christianity since this topic will be discussed in the next
clarity their meanings (Oman, 2013). lessons. The list may not be exhaustive but it will provide a
background of these religions influenced the lives of their
Oman (2013, p. 28) also noted that “in the late 20th century, followers. The information is based from Bowen (2018).
the word spirituality began to acquire an additional English
usage as something that can be explicitly pursued not only a) Islam
within a formal religious tradition, but also outside of Islam was founded 610 CE on the Arabian Peninsula
traditions.” Oman refers these people as “spiritual but not by the Prophet Mohammed. It has estimated 1.6 billion
religious” and nonorthodox spiritualities who are widespread members. To enrich their spirituality, members of Islam are
in the US and some parts of Europe. encouraged to go on a spiritual pilgrimage to their holy places
such as Makkah (Mecca) and Madinah in Saudi Arabia. Their
Other scholars cite the interconnectedness of spirituality holy book is Qur’an and their holy symbols are the crescent
and religiosity as a single scientific construct (Good & and star.
Willoughby, 2014). Good (2011) as cited in Baring et.al (2016)
who mentioned that the interrelatedness of spirituality and b) Hinduism
religiosity (S/R) can be understood in the institutional and Hinduism was founded and developed gradually in
personal levels. At the institutional level, religious prehistoric times. It has around 1 billion followers. Hindus
participation promotes the acquisition of moral perspectives consider the following as their sacred places such as River
and opportunities to develop extra-familial relationships, i.e., Ganges especially at Varanasi (Benares) and other places in
to develop social capital. At the personal level, the individual India. As a source of their teaching and spirituality, they
obtains positive feelings and experiences, such as peace, hope
consider the Vedas, Upanishads, Mahabharata and Rarnayana range of man’s faculties: intellect, feeling, will, and all the
as their holy books. Aum is their holy symbol. attributes of personality.
A. Intellect
If a man is spiritual, his intellect is touched with the divine life
c) Buddhism and comesunder the power of the divine baptism. One word
Buddhism can be traced its beginnings in 535 CE in describes this mental quickening and illumination is
Northern India. It has 576 million followers. For Buddhists, "vision."This was acknowledged in the beatitudes "Blessed
they consider Bodh Gaya, Sarnath in Northern India as their are the pure in heart, for they shall see God”(Matthew
holy places. Tripitaka is known to be their holy book and the 5:8).This was affirmed by Paul on his 1st letter to the
eight-spoked wheel is considered to be a holy symbol. Corinthians he said;“We have not received the spirit of the
world but the Spirit that is from God, so that we may
d) Sikhism understand the things freely given us by God.And we speak
Sikhism founded in Northwest India in 15th Century CE. about them not with words taught by human wisdom, but
According to the latest data, there are 23 million followers of with words taught by the Spirit, describing spiritual realities in
this group. For the Sikh, they consider takhts, or seats of high spiritual terms.” (1 Corinthians 2:12-13) In here, Paul
authority in Amritsar, Patna Sahib, Anandpur Sahib, Nanded recognized that the Spirit of God operates directly on the
and Talwandi as holy places. Their holy books include the Guru mental faculties, adjusting reason and intellect to the divine
Granth Sahib and their holy symbol is the Khanda, the symbol reason, and enabling man to think God's thoughts and
of the Khalsa. discern His purposes, nature and will.
B. Affections
The feelings and emotions are fertile soil for the spiritual life.
e) Judaism Love is the beginning and end of true religion. Spirituality in
Judaism is founded in what is now Israel around 2,000 the realm of the affections is that state of soul in which the
BCE. It has around 14 million followers. Jerusalem is heart with its holiest love is centered on God as revealed in
considered to be a holy place especially the Western Wall. Christ. The specific and supreme work of the Holy Spirit is to
Its holy book includes the Torah, Nebiim and Ketubim shed abroad God's love in the heart (Romans 5:5);
(Tanak). Its holy symbol is the seven branched menorah “and hope does not disappoint,
(candle stand). because the love of God has been
poured out into our hearts through
the holy Spirit that has been given
to us”
A. CONCLUSION
Spirituality then sets the affections on things above and
It can be noted that spirituality has a diverse definition brings the entire emotional nature under the regulating and
depending on the context and perspective it is being used to. redeeming sway of the Holy Spirit.
But the ongoing discussions on spirituality can also lead the
students to understand their own spirituality as well to C. Will
develop their own ways of dealing with their spiritual growth A spiritually-minded man is one whose will is set on God as
in general. Meanwhile, world religions depict various forms of well as his intellect and affections. In every fiber of his moral
spirituality. It can be said that these religious movements have being, and in all the activities of his soul, he is under the
shaped the worldview and affected the loves of their followers guidance and dominion of the Holy Spirit. The affections
especially in the development of their spirituality. present motives, the intellect estimates their worthiness, the
will decides upon the course of action. When this trinity of
THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SPIRITUALITY mental operation--necessary to normal manhood--is under
the sway of the Divine Spirit, man possesses spirituality, a
Religion brings together people of diverse beliefs. It state in which all the faculties of the soul are voluntarily and
requires distinctive format and traditional organizations. joyfully under the dominion and guidance of Christ's
Religion embraces the 3 C's Code: Rules that guide the indwelling Spirit.
ritual and religious practices. Creed: The beliefs about
God and the proclamation of one’s faith in God. Cult: To When intellect, heart and will focus their energies reverently
worship and share faith together; celebrate the faith as a and affectionately upon God, love--a passionate, ever-
community. present, ever dominant love--is the result. This is the triune
sphere of the Holy Spirit's indwelling and activity, and the
Spirituality is defined as; character of such a God-centered and Spirit-filled life.
a fundamental dimension of a human being. It
Theological Foundations of Spirituality
involves the whole person (body, mind,
soul/heart, relationships), the entire fabric of
our lives; A. CREATION
the full range of human experience as it is God is the creator and sustainer of the world.
brought to bear on the quest for human
integration through self-transcendence; Ways of conceiving the creative activity of God:
is the expression of insights about this 1. Emanation
experience; Creation of the world is an overflowing of the
is a disciplined study. energetic creativity of God
God is present within the world, and his existence
Biblically, Spirituality is the state of a soul vitalized by the is far beyond the world and beyond human
Divine Spirit and made alive unto God. It covers the entire imagination and experience.
Just as the light from the sun reflects the sun's IMPLICATION
nature, so the creation reflects God's nature 1. Human language and imagery is incapable of fully
2. Construction capturing the richness, wonder and immensity of God
God is a master builder/great creator God is ultimately a mystery to which the only
3. Artistic Expression appropriate response is adoration and devotion
Creation is the "handiwork of God," a 2. Worship and Prayer always has a "Trinitarian"
magnanimous (fully spirited) work of art framework. We worship and pray "to God,
expressing the personality of the artist through Christ, in the Spirit."
prayer and worship are not fully human activities,
IMPLICATION but involve the Holy Spirit moving and prompting
1. the goodness of creation the believer to turn to God
no need to withdraw from the world to get close 3. The Trinity models a perfect community of
to God equals, united by a bond of love
caring for the world (the environment, all (Perichoresis)
creatures, and human beings) is spiritually the same love that binds the Trinity is the same
important as reflected on the document Laudato love that God has for His creation
Si
2. something about God may be known through God's D. INCARNATION
creation The second person of the Trinity -- Jesus Christ, the Logos
to study nature (whether through the study of or Word, the Son of God -- is fully Divine and fully Human
physics or through gardening, and everything in o definitely stated at the Council of Chalcedon
between) is to learn something of the wisdom and in 451.
majesty of God
the sense of wonder evoked by the world (stars at "The Word became flesh, and dwelt among us, and
night...) is part of the wonder of God we saw his glory – the glory, such as belongs to the
Laudato Si # 240& 171… only begotten of the Father, full of grace and
throughout the universe we truth" (John 1:14)
can find any number of
constant and secretly IMPLICATION
interwoven relationships.This 1. Jesus is the "image of the invisible God" (Colossians
leads us not only to marvel at 1:15), the "stamp" or "exact impression" of God's
the manifold connections nature (Hebrews 1:3)
existing among creatures, but God is most reliably known in the person of Jesus
also to discover a key to our Christ. To encounter Jesus is to encounter God
own fulfilment. true knowledge of God is thus humanly possible,
for God revealed God's self in fully human form in
B. HUMAN NATURE AND DESTINY Jesus
Man is created in the "image of God," (Genesis 1:27) 2. In becoming fully human, God fully involved God's self in
this is the basis for the possibility of a personal the suffering and pain of creation
relationship between each of us and God. we can turn to God in prayer knowing God is a
Man is created by God and for God "fellow sufferer," who can truly understand our
Augustine: "You have made us for yourself, and own human sufferings
our heart is restless until it finds it rest in you" In becoming fully human, God affirmed the goodness of the
creation, of physicality and sensuality
Laudato Si # 171 … The human person grows more,
matures more and is sanctified more to the extent
that he or she enters into relationships, going out E. REDEMPTION
from themselves to live in communion with God, with The salvation of each person and of the world is grounded
others and with all creatures. In this way, they make in the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ
their own that Trinitarian dynamism which God
imprinted in them when they were created. We can find through the ages four themes or images of the
Everything is interconnected, and this invites us to meaning of the cross and resurrection:
develop a spirituality of that global solidarity which 1. Cross as sacrifice. Jesus' death on the cross was
flows from the mystery of the Trinity. the perfect sacrifice.
2. Cross as victory. A victory over sin, death, and
Satan.
C. THE TRINITY 3. Cross as the basis for the forgiveness of sin.
There are three "persons" (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) 4. Cross as a manifestation of God’s love for
in the one God, characterized by: humanity. Out of love for creation and humanity,
Perichoresis -"mutual interpenetration." God is a Jesus suffered the agonies of this world, taking
"community of being" in which each "person," upon himself human suffering, to lend dignity and
maintaining its identity, interpenetrates the others meaning to human suffering
and is interpenetrated by them.
It reflects the relationship of the three in one Schillebeeckx’s interpretation of the cross can only be
activity. understood in conjunction with the centrality of Jesus’ “Abba
Appropriation. All three "persons" are always Experience”. The cross is a symbol of the “superior,
involved in every outward action of the God. The defenseless power of vulnerability (Negative Contrast
Trinity always works as a unity. Experience). The cross gain its meaning from the life in which
Jesus both preached and embodied the reign of God, a life
lived in obedience to God through death on the cross, life can be envisioned as a pilgrimage to
culminating in resurrection (Power of Positivity). He the New Jerusalem, the heavenly city
acknowledged that Jesus’ experience of the defeat of God's life can contain glimpses of the promised
plan in him was the beginning of his experience of death, and land
his sustained trust in God in the face of all resistance was the
beginning of his experience of Resurrection and the o The “Beatific Vision”
vindication of God's plan. It is in the face of the world's The intuitive knowledge of God which
negativity that we see and experience the power of Jesus' produces heavenly beatitudes. As defined by the
unbroken trust in God. This inviolable thread of communion Church, the souls of the just "see the divine
with God standing in resistance to the evil of the world is the essence by an intuitive vision and face to face”. It
heart of Christian faith. is called vision in the mind by analogy with bodily
sight, which is the most comprehensive of human
IMPLICATION sense faculties; it is called beatific because it
1. Shows the costliness of human salvation. Our personal produces happiness in the will and the whole
salvation has been achieved at immense cost (the suffering being. As a result of this immediate vision of God,
of God) the blessed share in the divine happiness, where
affirms the immense worth of salvation and the the beatitude of the Trinity is (humanly speaking)
Kingdom of God the consequence of God's perfect knowledge of
affirms the immensity of our own personal value his infinite goodness. (e.g. St. Teresa of Avila and
in the sight of God St. John of the Cross)
2. Affirms the reality of human sin
3. Affirms the love of God for sinful human beings
CONCLUSION
F. RESURRECTION Being religious and being spiritual are both part of being in a
Christians’ belief in Resurrection is the assertion that Jesus relationship with God. Religion as an organized system of
Christ rose from the dead and: beliefs marked by distinct creed, code, and cult can be an
the tomb where his body laid was witnessed as avenue for spiritual growth and development. Spirituality
being emptied gives a person sense of meaning and purpose. It is a way of
his disciples saw him and experienced him as life where one loses interests in worldly affairs and move
someone living towards eternal goals. Through being spiritual man enter into
his disciples began to preach about Jesus as the intimacy with the Divine and enjoy a lasting friendship with
living Lord God.
c. “Pangangatawan” : Interpretasyong Pilipino sa The Filipinos by nature are religious and spiritual. Below are
“spirituality” some Filipino expressions that describe the spirituality of the
Filipino.
“Katawan” at “pangangatawan” sa kaisipang
Pilipino 1. "Sa awa ng Diyos" (With God's Mercy) --a typical Filipino
- Ang “katawan” ay ang buong tao at pagkatao, ang acclamation his
katauhan (Castillo et al., 2004). trust in God.
- Pagpapahayag ng pagkatao ang pagtukoy sa 2. "Diyosko!" (My God!) -- An exclaim subconsciously by a
“Katawan” Filipino when he
is in crisis.
“Pangangatawan” ng loob. Ang katawan ay 3. "Bahalana. May-awaangDiyos" (What will be, will be. God
pangangatawan, pagbibigay-laman-at-dugo sa is Merciful)
daigdig ng loob (Alejo, 1990). -- A Filipino utterance when he draws his last card.
- Sa katawan namamalas ang pagbabago ng hitsura ng 4. "Nasa Diyosang Awa, nasataoangGawa" (Man proposes,
tao. God disposes)
- “Bagong tao” tumutukoy sa pagbabago na nakikita -- A Filipino statement that shows his reliance on
sa pangangatawan God's almightiness.
- Ang katagang katawan ang tumatayo para sa ating 5. "Kaloob ng Diyos" (God sent) --This is an expression of the
pagkatao, maaaring ganito rin ang papel ng iba’t- Filipino's positive
ibang bahagi ng ating katawan. attitude to whatever fate God sends him.
- Sa kanyang katawan nakikilala ang isang tao, lalung- 6. "Sumalangit nawa ang kanyang kaluluwa" (May he rest in
lalo na kung siya’y kikilalanin mabuti. peace) -- This is a sympathetic remark uttered by a Filipino
upon learning the demise of
Nangangatawan ang Diyos sa pangangatawan ng an acquaintance.
mga taong maka-Diyos at maka-tao. 7. "Adiyos" (God be with you) -- This is a customary word of a
Filipino when
d. Some Notable Filipino Spiritual Practices parting from someone.
SYNTHESIS
The fertility dance in Obando, Bulacan
- There is more to it than asking for pregnancy, some 1. Filipino Spirituality is expressed through
people are there for healing all kinds of sickness. “pangangatawan”.
- There is something immortal with this practice, 2. It is manifested through devotions and
there is something spiritual, it moves you through practices.
the body that moves you to the community and 3. It leads us to the promotion, protection and the
eventually through the color and sounds. preservation of “dangal”.
4. Our spiritual practices are expressions of our
The blessing of the food by the Manobo tribe faith in Jesus.
- They do not pray before eating, they believe that
before the food comes before them it is already Angelite Charism
blessed because: Linking question: What kind of spirituality can an Angelite
- When they clear the land they pray to the spirits, acquire and develop at HAU?
when they sow the seeds, they call upon the invisible Holy Angel University
caretakers of plants and the seeds is named after its patron saint:
- When they harvest their crops they perform the The Holy Guardian Angel
proper thanksgiving ritual in honor of Magbabaya Angelite Charism
(Supreme Creator) HAU Spirituality
St. Michael the Archangel (Who is like God?)
The Quiapo procession: a macho devotion to Servant Leadership (Attributes and
the suffering Christ Characteristics)
Prince of the Heavenly Host
Leader The School of Nursing and allied Medical Sciences (SNAMS),
Protector which offers medical related courses like nursing, radiologic
Guardian technology and medical technology takes its pursue for
School of Arts and Sciences (SAS) and School of healing and well-being of the human person. St. Raphael is
Education (SE) the archangel of healing and bringing good provisions in our
School of Arts and Sciences (SAS) and School of Education (SE) earthly journey. SNAMS can be inspired by St. Raphael’s core
operates as a service school offering General Education value of Wellness as the college strives to deliver healing and
courses to other colleges/schools can be guided by St. compassion to those who are sick in the community and
Michael the Archangel’s core value of Servant Leadership. He maintain the sacredness of the human body as the Temple of
is known to be the prince of the heavenly hosts and leader of the Holy Spirit.
the archangels with distinct core values of Christ- St. Raphael the Archangel
centeredness, excellence, competence, collaboration and Wellness
community building, SAS and SE which basically serves other An Angelite brings out the core value of Wellness by:
schools/colleges can adapt St. Michael’s core value of serving and sacrificing one’s time, talent and
community building and collaboration in delivering general treasures to the needy;
education to students achieving academic excellence in all showing compassion to the aged/sick in joining
fields of endeavor. outreach programs; and
demonstrating care for one’s body as the Temple of
St. Michael the Archangel the Holy Spirit.
Servant Leadership Every Angelite shall value
An Angelite imbibes the core value of Servant leadership by: Wellness
following the teachings of Christ in all his/her
dealings; St. Uriel the Archangel (Fire of God)
defending the faith at all cost and applying Church Justice (Attribute and Characteristic)
doctrines to one’s life; Bearer of Justice
being courageous to stand for what is right at home, College of Criminal Justice Education and Forensics
school, and in the workplace; (CCJEF)
being excellent and competent in all endeavors, The College of Criminal Justice Education and Forensics
especially in school and in the workplace; and (CCJEF) which offers criminology and forensics courses
being a community builder and collaborator of the essentially teach justice education to its students. It is fitting,
society for the betterment of all. therefore, that St. Uriel the Archangel can be their inspiration
Every Angelite is a Servant Leader. in promoting and maintaining justice in the society. He is also
St. Gabriel the Archangel (God is my strength) known to be the Archangel of Justice who is sent by God
Personal Integrity (Attributes and Characteristics) against injustices in the society like persecutions, oppression,
Messenger of the Good News and discrimination. As the college form its students to
Explaining God’s will become law enforcers in the near future, may they be
Telling about the future plans of God inspired by St. Uriel’s core value of Justice to achieve peace
College of Information and Communication Technology and harmony in the society.
(CICT) St. Uriel the Archangel
The College of Information and Communication Technology Justice
(CICT) which offers courses on information technology An Angelite stands out the core value of Justice by:
fundamentally deals with communications through the use of being equal in one’s judgment to others;
computers, web and media. Forming the students to become illustrating fairness in one’s actions towards others;
information technology specialists, they can be guided by St. and
Gabriel’s core value of Personal Integrity in proclaiming the becoming transparent in his/her undertakings at
news to all. St. Gabriel is the Archangel who explains the will home, school and workplace.
of God and promotes values of honesty, truthfulness, and Every Angelite is a protector of
consistency. May the college adapt the ideas of St. Gabriel Justice
especially in their pursuit of development of technology using
social media in the light of New Evangelization and should St. Barachiel the Archangel (Blessing of God)
maintain technology’s integrity amidst evil forces. Social Responsibility (Attributes and Characteristics)
St. Gabriel the Archangel Provider of spiritual and temporal goods
Personal Integrity Ministering the needs of others
An Angelite upholds the core value of Personal School of Hospitality and Tourism Management (SHTM)
Integrity by: The School of Hospitality and Tourism Management (SHTM)
being honest to himself/herself and others in all his offers courses in hotel and restaurant management, culinary
undertakings; and tourism management, which cater basic services leading
being truthful to everything that he/she does, says to the achievement of people’s temporal needs. He is the
and thinks; and Archangel of providing and ministering spiritual and temporal
being consistent and congruent in all his/her words needs. May SHTM adapt the St. Barachiel’s core value of
and actions. Social Responsibility in forming their students to cater the
Every Angelite must have temporal needs of their clientele but more so of the less
Personal Integrity fortunate in the society.
St. Raphael the Archangel (God is my healing) St. Barachiel the Archangel
Wellness (Attributes and Characteristics) Social Responsibility
Healer of all forms of sickness An Angelite lives out the core value of Social
Guide for our Pilgrimage Responsibility by:
Deliverer from all harm being accountable with other’s welfare without
School of Nursing and allied Medical Sciences (SNAMS) counting the cost;
sharing one’s resources to the poor and oppressed in guardian before God’s throne while the Cherubim are God’s
the society by volunteering; record keepers and guardian of God’s glory. Children are
fostering generosity and care to those who are less considered highest in the kingdom of God with their
fortunate; and
innocence and purity. As the Basic Education department
remaining to be poor in spirit despite of
worldly allurements. teaches these little ones, may they form and guard them to
Every Angelite shall live out be like little angels against evil forces of the earth that can
Social Responsibility destroy their innocence and purity so that they can praise
God always in their growing up years.
St. Jhudiel the Archangel (Praise of God) Graduate School – Dominions, Virtues, and Powers
Hope (Attribute and Characteristic) The graduate school offers courses in the field of Education,
Merciful towards others
Arts, Engineering, Information Technology, Business, and
School of Engineering and Architecture (SEA)
The School of Engineering and Architecture (SEA) which offers Nursing to professionals in their respective specialization
engineering and architecture courses aim to contribute to the instilling excellence, servant leadership and school
advancement of technology for the improvement of life. He is approaches in discovering innovative ideas to cover up with
the Archangel of mercy. His name means “praise of God.” the fast-changing world. The graduate school can draw its
May the school be inspired by St. Jhudiel the Archangel’s core inspiration to the Dominions, Virtues, and Powers in attaining
value of Hope through their aim of providing enlightenment their goal of forming the professionals competent, excellent
to people with their new discoveries, inventions,
and grounded with their respective crafts. Consequently,
constructions, and innovation so as to praise God with their
endeavors. SEA can build bridges that can connect people and Dominions decide what needs to be done to accomplish
bring about mercy and compassion for everyone. God’s needs and regulates the duties of angels. In addition,
St. Jhudiel the Archangel Virtues draw on God’s force to work miracles on earth while
Hope Powers keep order in the universe and demons from
An Angelite nurtures the core value of Hope by: overthrowing the world.
showing enlightenment to those who are confused
because of problems and difficulties;
THE ANGELITE PLEDGE
forgiving those who have done wrong to him; and
being compassionate and respectful to people
undergoing hardships in life. I am an Angelite.
Every Angelite is a symbol of I am conscientious;
Hope I believe in God dwelling in me.
I strive to live a life of integrity and discipline.
St. Sealtiel the Archangel (Prayer of God)
Prayerfulness (Attributes and Characteristics) I am an Angelite.
Offering prayers and intensions to God I am competent;
Worshipping God I joyfully give my best in all I do.
School of Business and Accountancy (SBA) I will innovate to help make a better change.
The School of Business and Accountancy (SBA) offers business
and accountancy related courses to students. He is the I am an Angelite.
Archangel of Adoration and Prayer. May the school be I am compassionate;
inspired by St. Sealtiel’s core value of Prayerfulness as they I am a person of love and sacrifice.
form their students to become competent in business and I recognize God’s presence in every person.
accountancy. With their business-related courses, may they
recognize God as the source of abundant blessings. As they I am an Angelite.
teach students the fundamentals of accountancy, may they I will co-create meaningful experiences here at HAU.
be inspired by St. Sealtiel in their discernment to bring out It is here where I can also enrich my relationship
what is just and true. Moreover, may the school be inspired with myself, with others, and with God
in recognizing God as a source of material blessings and as I am continually formed into a person
therefore worthy praise and thanksgiving through prayer. of conscience, competence, and compassion.