Geometric Progression (i) If the product of three numbers in Geometric Progression be

given, assume the numbers as a/r, a and a.r. Here common ratio is
A sequence of non-zero number is said to be in Geometric
Progression (abbreviated as G.P.) if each term, after the first, is
obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a constant quantity
(positive or negative).
General Form and General Term of a Geometric Progression
The general form of a Geometric Progression is {a, ar, ar^2, ar^3,
ar^4, ............}, where ‘a’ and ‘r’ are called the first term and
common ratio (abbreviated as C.R.) of the Geometric Progression.
How to find the nth term from the end of a finite Geometric
Progression?
𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝑎 . 𝑟 𝑛−1
r is the common ratio (equal to 2nd term divide by 1st term)
r.
(ii) If the product of four numbers in Geometric Progression be
given, assume the numbers as a/r3, a/r, a.r and ar^3. Here
common ratio is r^2.
(iii) If the product of five numbers in Geometric Progression be
given, assume the numbers as a/r^2, a/r, a, ar and ar^2. Here
common ratio is r.
(iv) If the product of the numbers is not given, then the numbers
are taken as a, ar, ar^2, ar^3, ar^4, ar^5, .....................
𝑎. 𝑟 = 𝑛√𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡
Finding first term a using quadratic equation:

Sum of n terms of a Geometric Progression (𝑆𝑢𝑚 − 𝑎. 𝑟) ± √(𝑆𝑢𝑚 − 𝑎. 𝑟)2 − 4(𝑎. 𝑟)2

𝑎=
2
For r=1:
Sum of an infinite Geometric Progression
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑛. 𝑎 𝑎
𝑆=
If - 1 < r < 1: 1−𝑟

1 − 𝑟𝑛 S – Sum
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎
1−𝑟 a – first term
If r > 1 or, r < -1:
r – common ratio
𝑟𝑛 − 1
𝑆𝑛 = 𝑎
𝑟−1
Slope intercept Form af Linear Equation
Ex: If r=-3, it is r <-1; we will used Equation 3
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
Geometric Mean
m – slope
If three quantities are in Geometric Progression then the middle
one is called the geometric mean of the other two. b – y intercept - (0,b)
Let, three numbers a, G and b are in Geometric Progression then,
the middle number G is called the geometric mean between two
numbers a and b. Solving for the slope (m) with 2 points are given

𝐺 = ±√𝑎. 𝑏 𝑌2 − 𝑌1
𝑚=
𝑋2 − 𝑋1
Solved examples on Geometric Mean

1. In the Geometric Progression {3, 9, 27}, 9 is the geometric mean

of 3 and 27. Volume of a pyramid

2. The geometric mean between 3 and 12 is given by G = √(3 X 12) 𝑙. 𝑤. ℎ

𝑉=
= √36 = 6 3

3. The geometric mean between -3 and -27 is given by G =√(-3) X (- Volume of a cone
27) = - 9
𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ
𝑉=
Therefore, the geometric mean of two given quantities is any one 3
of the two square root of their product. Volume of a sphere
Position of a Term in a Geometric Progression 4𝜋𝑟 3
𝑉=
We need to use the formula of nth or general term of a Geometric 3
Progression

𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 . 𝑟 𝑛−1

Selection of Terms in Geometric Progression

Sometimes we need to assume certain number of terms in

Geometric Progression. The following ways are generally used for
the selection of terms in Geometric Progression. arithmetic and number theory and business math

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