Tutorials Session 3

UP In-Christ Thrust for University Students

Homework submissions!
Reading Assignments

- Tabon Girl
- Tom Yum

Exercises

- Nouns
- Pronouns
Review!
Nouns
- Proper & Common
- Concrete & Abstract
- Count & Mass
- Possessive
- Collective
- Compound

Use of Nouns in a Sentence

- S
- PN
- DO
- IO
- OP
Review!
Pronouns

- Personal (Nominative, Objective, Possessive)

- Nominative: I, you, we, he, she, it, they
- Objective: me, you, us, him, her, it, them
- Possessive
- my-mine, your(s), our(s), his, her(s), its, theirs
- Ex. My house is near your house. OR My house is near yours.
Review!
Antecedents
- Agreement in number
- Singular noun = singular pronoun
- Plural noun = plural pronoun
- Agreement in gender
- Masculine, feminine, neuter, common
- Agreement in person
Review!

- Agreement in person
Review!
More Types of Pronouns

- Indefinite - Demonstrative
- Ex. everybody, something, no one - Ex. This, that, those, these

- Intensive - Interrogative
- Emphasis - Who, whose, whom, which, what
-
-
Ex. You yourself, I myself
“You can do it yourself!”
- Relative
Anna, who is my cousin, won the
- Reflexive
-
swimming contest.
- Object and subject are the same - Anna, whose cousin lives in
Pangasinan, is riding a bus going there.
- Anna, whom we love and care for,
wants to help the Filipino people.
Activity: Pronoun Party!

Each group will write out 7

sentences, with each sentence
using one of the kinds of pronouns
discussed. The theme: You’re going
to a birthday party!
Adjectives and
Adverbs
Adjectives
 Kinds of Adjectives
1. Descriptive
- Tell what a person is like or how a place or object looks, feels, smells,
sounds, or tastes.
- Common adjectives express ordinary qualities of a noun or pronoun:
fresh fish, pretty face, deep sea
- There are also nouns that can be used as adjectives
- I love to eat an apple pie vs. An apple is sweet and juicy.
- Proper adjectives are formed by proper nouns: Philippine embassy,
Spanish folk dance
 Kinds of Adjectives

2. Limiting
- Point out an object or denote a number
- Articles, numeral, pronominal
A. Articles (a, an, the) - show whether the noun is used definitely or
indefinitely.
- The articles a and an are used only with singular nouns;
- a for words that begin with a consonant
- an for words that begin with vowels
You would have a good time looking at the statues.
Let’s spend an afternoon together.
- The article the is used to denote particular people, places or things.
The newsroom is such a busy place.
The journalists are doing their respective jobs.
B. Numeral - denotes an exact order or number
- Ordinal - denotes an order
- The fifth child in my family is a columnist.
- Cardinal - denotes a number
- There are three editors in the company.

C. Pronominal - an adjective that may also be used as a pronoun or is derived

from a pronoun.
That writer gives the newspaper’s opinion on certain subjects.
I truly enjoy my work as an artist.

Note! Some words that start with h begin with a consonant sound. Others
begin with a vowel sound. Example: honor (Which is used with an?)
Activity: Identify whether the adjectives are descriptive or
limiting.
Brown dog a bouquet

French class Third cousin

One night That peony

mango shake her research

Singaporean school the films

Adjectives in Series
Opinion > Size > Shape > Age > Color > Nationality > Material > Purpose

[OSSACNMP]

Opinion: a good book Color: a red book

Size: a big book Nationality: a Filipino book

Shape: a square book Material: a paper book

Age: a new book Purpose: a math book

 O, Sobrang Solid
Ang Concert Ni
Michael Pangilinan!
Adjectives in Series
Note:

Intensifiers and Determiners always go first in a series.

A very hard round brown Macadamia nut.

The least liked pink summer dress.

Arrangement of adjectives
1. That shop has 4. That girl is
a. 30 pink donuts a. Very mean
b. Pink 30 donuts b. Mean very
2. She is wearing a 5. The … girl is my friend
a. Square nice hat a. Most liked
b. Nice square hat b. Liked most
3. I met a 6. The … helped me
a. Nice old man a. American tall woman
b. Old nice man b. Tall American woman
Arrangement of adjectives
1. That shop has 4. That girl is
a. 30 pink donuts a. Very mean
b. Pink 30 donuts b. Mean very
2. She is wearing a 5. The … girl is my friend
a. Square nice hat a. Most liked
b. Nice square hat b. Liked most
3. I met a 6. The … helped me
a. Nice old man a. American tall woman
b. Old nice man b. Tall American woman
Comparison of Adjectives
Degrees of comparison
- Adjectives written in different forms to compare two or more nouns
Comparison of Adjectives
Three degrees of comparison:

1. Positive
- Adjective describes one noun

Ex. Mercury is a large planet.

Comparison of Adjectives
Three degrees of comparison:

2. Comparative
- Adjective describes two nouns
- Formed by adding -er to the
positive form of the adjective

Ex. Earth is larger than Mercury.

Comparison of Adjectives
Three degrees of comparison:

3. Superlative
- Adjective compares more than
two nouns
- Formed by adding -est to the
positive form of the adjective.

Ex. Jupiter is the largest planet.

EXCEPTIONS!

Positive Comparative Superlative

good better best

bad worse worst

little less least

much/more many most

Adverbs
What is an adverb?
-Like adjectives, adverbs describe things. But
instead of describing nouns or pronouns,
adverbs describe adjectives, verbs, or
adverbs
What is an adverb?
-Most of the time, adverbs are formed by adding -ly at the
end of a word.

Example:

She finished the exams quickly. (quick + ly)

To put the baby to sleep, I sang softly. (soft + ly)

What is an adverb?
-Remember that NOT ALL words ending in -ly are
considered adverbs. Sometimes, they are adjectives. To tell
the difference, look at what is being described.

Example:

My new seatmate is very friendly.

This ends in -ly, but it describes the word seatmate, which is

a noun. In this case, friendly is an adjective.
What is an adverb?
-On the other hand, some adverbs do not end in -ly

Example:

He ate fast to be avoid being late for class.

The word fast does not end in -ly, but it does describe the
word ate, which is an adverb.
Is this an adverb?
The paper he picked up from the floor was torn
and wrinkly.
Is this an adverb?
The paper he picked up from the floor was torn
and wrinkly.

NOT AN ADVERB
The word wrinkly describes the word paper, which
is a noun. In this sentence, it is an adjective.
Is this an adverb?
I slowly opened the door to make sure I didn’t
disturb anyone.
Is this an adverb?
I slowly opened the door to make sure I didn’t
disturb anyone.

IT’S AN ADVERB!
The word slowly describes the word opened, which
is a verb. In this sentence, it’s an adverb.
Is this an adverb?
With his varsity training, he is able to jump high.
Is this an adverb?
With his varsity training, he is able to jump high.

IT’S AN ADVERB!
The word high describes the word jump. In this
sentence, it is an adverb.
Types of Adverbs
1. Adverb of Manner
-answers the question HOW
Example:
Rona did well in the test.
(How did she take the test?)
They happily walked into the room.
(How did they walk into the room?)
2. Adverb of Time
-answers the question WHEN
Example:
We are going to visit my grandparents tomorrow.
He studied his lessons earlier.
3. Adverb of Place
-answers the question WHERE
Example:
She lives in Quezon City.
The children’s choir sang on stage.
4. Adverb of Frequency
-answers the question HOW OFTEN
Example:
My athletic Dad makes sure to exercise everyday.
I always remind my younger siblings to do their
homework.
5. Adverb of Degree
-answers the question HOW MUCH
Example:
The movie is too long to watch tonight.
(How long is the movie?)
My teacher very kindly asked me to sit down.
(How kindly did the teacher ask?)
Series of Adverbs

Main Idea Place Manner Frequency Time

He comes to class walking every morning at 6 o’clock.

Find the adverb and the word that it describes, and say if it
is an adverb of manner, time, place, frequency or degree

I’m writing a letter to my friend later.

Find the adverb and the word that it describes, and say if it
is an adverb of manner, time, place, frequency or degree

I’m writing a letter to my friend later.

Adverb: later
Word Described: writing
Tyoe of Adverb: Adverb of Time
Find the adverb and the word that it describes, and say if it
is an adverb of manner, time, place, frequency or degree

The parents were extremely proud of their children

for graduating.
Find the adverb and the word that it describes, and say if it
is an adverb of manner, time, place, frequency or degree

The parents were extremely proud of their children

for graduating.
Adverb: extremely
Word Described: proud
Type of Adverb: Adverb of Degree
Find the adverb and the word that it describes, and say if it
is an adverb of manner, time, place, frequency or degree

He spoke loudly during his report.

Find the adverb and the word that it describes, and say if it
is an adverb of manner, time, place, frequency or degree

He spoke loudly during his report.

Adverb: loudly
Word Described: spoke
Type of Adverb: Adverb of Manner
QUIZ!
Homework for next meeting
Reading Assignment

- Sunbird by Neil Gaiman