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CONJUNCTION

A. DEFINITION
A word which connects two words or clauses or sentences and shows the relation between
them.

Dari definisi di atas maka kita harus mengetahui apa itu clause, karena ada jenis kata
penghubung yang tidak bertemu clause dan hanya bertemu word saja ataupun
sebaliknya. A clause is the smallest grammatical unit which consists of a subject and a
predicate (verb phrase together with an object).

Berdasarkan fungsinya conjunction terbagi menjadi enam, dua di antaranya sebagai

berikut.

a. Conjunction as an Expression of Time

This type of conjunction is when, while, after and before.
E.g. I was typing a letter for my parents when my wife came home
I had typed a letter for my parents before my wife came home

Dari contoh tersebut jelas bahwa ciri-ciri conjunction sama seperti ciri tenses yang sudah
dipelajari di chapter sebelumnya.

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 Bagi siswa yang sangat sulit memahami materi conjunction akan dengan mudah jika
hanya menghafal saja dulu seluruh bagian conjunction tersebut karena untuk menjawab
soal conjunction bisa menggunakan TEPIS (untuk beberapa kasus soal).

b. Conjunction as an Expression of Result

This type of conjunction is therefore, consequently, hence, so, as a result, thus, so ....
that/such .... that.
E.g. Andy didn’t learn harder, therefore, he didn’t graduate punctually

Kata therefore, consequently, hence, so, as a result, thus memiliki arti yang sama yaitu
oleh karena itu, sedangkan untuk so .... that dan such .... that kita harus terlebih dahulu
mengetahui nounphrase (NP) dan adjective (adj.), noun phrase is adjective + noun.
E.g. She is so cute that everyone loves her
Adj.
She is such a cute girl that everyone loves her
Adj. + Noun

CONTOH SOAL

1. Andy was writing a message .... the neighbours came.

A. when
B. therefore
C. so
D. hence
E. thus
Pembahasan:
Jawaban A, karena penggabungan past and past continuous, tapi cara lebih mudahnya
adalah TEPIS (mengeliminasi conjunction yang artinya sama), arti b sampai e sama jadi
di hapus.

B. CONJUNCTION AS EXPRESSION OF INFORMATION AND CONDITION

a. Conjunction as an Expression of Additional Information
This type of conjunction is moreover, besides, in addition, furthermore. Arti dari
keempat conjunction tersebut sama yaitu di samping itu.

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 E.g. The City provides many cultural opportunities. It has an excellent art museum,
moreover, it has a fine orchestra

b. Conjunction as an Expression of Condition

This type of conjunction is unless, only if. Arti dari keempat conjunction tersebut sama,
yaitu kecuali jika.
E.g. The teacher will punish you unless you do the assignments well

CONTOH SOAL

1. My mom will not give me any money .... I learn harder.

A. unless
B. moreover
C. in addition
D. besides
E. furthermore
Pembahasan:
Jawaban A, karena bermakna condition, selain itu arti b sampai e sama jadi dihapus/
ditepis.

C. CONJUNCTION AS AN EXPRESSION OF CONTRAST

This type of conjunction is although, eventhough, though. Ketiga conjunction tersebut
memiliki arti yang sama yaitu walaupun dan hanya bertemu clause. Another type of this
conjunction is despite, in spite of. Kedua conjunction tersebut memiliki arti yang sama
yaitu walaupun tapi hanya bertemu phrase (gabungan kata).
E.g. Although I developed well in art, I never got an achievement
Subj. + Verb
Despite my development in art, I never got an achievement
Phrase

Another type of contrast is however, but, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, yet, whereas.
Ketujuh conjunction tersebut memiliki arti yang sama yaitu akan tetapi.
E.g. My friend is very clever but he is always boast of himself.

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 CONTOH SOAL

1. The Man is an employee with a modest income, .... all his children study in prestigious
universities.
A. although
B. however
C. despite
D. though
E. in spite of
Pembahasan:
Jawaban B, karena bermakna pas untuk conjunction yang memiliki arti tetapi (however),
selain itu arti Adan D, E, dan C sama, jadi dihapus/ ditepis.

D. CONJUNCTION AS AN EXPRESSION OF CAUSE AND EFFECT

This type of conjunction is because, since, as, for. Keempat conjunction tersebut memiliki
arti yang sama, yaitu karena dan hanya bertemu clause. Another type of this conjunction
is because of, due to. Kedua conjunction tersebut memiliki arti yang sama, yaitu karena
tapi hanya bertemu phrase (gabungan kata).

E.g.
Geston didn’t visit Zupeh because He was hospitalized
Subj. + Verb
Geston didn’t visit Zupeh because of his sickness
Phrase
My mom forgot my birthday because She had many works
Subj. + Verb
My mom forgot my birthday because of her business
Phrase

CONTOH SOAL

1. Mila has no money to pay tuition fee .... her Dad’s bankruptcy.
A. although
B. because

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C. eventhough
D. due to
E. though
Pembahasan:
Jawaban D, karena bermakna pas untuk yang memiliki arti karena, dan karena ada dua
makna karena yang sama (due to dan because), maka karena ada pernyataan her Dad’s
bankruptcy yang berbentuk phrase, maka jawaban paling tepat adalah Due to. Selainitu
arti A dan C, E dan C sama (walaupun), jadi dihapus/ ditepis.