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Wordlist B2+

The most common and useful words in English are marked according to the
(adj) = adjective Macmillan Dictionary ‘star rating’. This is so you can easily recognise the
(adv) = adverb vocabulary you need to know especially well.
(conj) = conjunction = very common words = common words = fairly common words
(det) = determiner
(n/n pl) = noun/noun plural If there is no star next to the word, this means that it is not very common.
(phr) = phrase In the Macmillan Dictionary, (r) is used to indicate where the sound /r/
(prep) = preposition is pronounced in American English and some other regional varieties of
(pron) = pronoun English. In a standard British accent, (r) is only pronounced if it occurs
(v) = verb at the end of a word which is followed by another word starting with a
vowel sound, for example far away /fɑːr əˈweɪ/.

do something behind someone’s back whine (v) /waɪn/

Unit 1 (phr) /ˌduː sʌmθɪŋ bɪˌhaɪnd sʌmwʌnz whisper (v) /ˈwɪspə(r)/
Word formation – noun suffixes ˈbæk/ yell (v) /jel/
get something off your chest (phr)
Abstract nouns and things Other words and phrases
/ˌɡet sʌmθɪŋ ˌɒf jɔː(r) ˈtʃest/
accuracy (n) /ˈækjʊrəsi/ give someone the cold shoulder (phr) accommodate (v) /əˈkɒmədeɪt/
activity (n) /ækˈtɪvəti/ /ˌɡɪv sʌmwʌn ðə ˌkəʊld ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ amass (v) /əˈmæs/
argument (n) /ˈɑː(r)ɡjʊmənt/ lend someone a hand (phr) anticipate (v) /ænˈtɪsɪpeɪt/
coincidence (n) /kəʊˈɪnsɪd(ə)ns/ /ˌlend sʌmwʌn ə ˈhænd/ applause (n) /əˈplɔːz/
conclusion (n) /kənˈkluːʒ(ə)n/ pull someone’s leg (phr) beneficial (adj) /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃ(ə)l/
decency (n) /ˈdiːs(ə)nsi/ /ˌpʊl sʌmwʌnz ˈleɡ/ bond (n & v) /bɒnd/
description (n) /dɪˈskrɪpʃ(ə)n/ see eye-to-eye with someone (phr) claim (v) /kleɪm/
difference (n) /ˈdɪfrəns/ /siː ˌaɪ tu ˈaɪ wɪð ˌsʌmwʌn/ close (adj) /kləʊs/
explanation (n) stick your neck out for someone (phr) commuter (n) /kəˈmjuːtə(r)/
/ˌekspləˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌstɪk jɔː(r) ˈnek aʊt fə(r) ˌsʌmwʌn/ devise (v) /dɪˈvaɪz/
failure (n) /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ fraternity (n) /frəˈtɜː(r)nəti/
Similes
freedom (n) /ˈfriːdəm/ fundraising (n) /ˈfʌndreɪzɪŋ/
as clear as mud (phr) /əz ˌklɪər əz
frequency (n) /ˈfriːkwənsi/ get across (v phr) /ˌɡet əˈkrɒs/
ˈmʌd/
friendship (n) /ˈfren(d)ʃɪp/ household (n)
as cold as ice (phr) /əz
happiness (n) /ˈhæpinəs/ ˌkəʊld əz ˈaɪs/ /ˈhaʊsˌhəʊld/
honesty (n) /ˈɒnɪsti/ as cool as a cucumber (phr) /əz ˌkuːl hunter-gatherer (adj & n)
importance (n) /ɪmˈpɔː(r)t(ə)ns/ əz ə ˈkjuːˌkʌmbə(r)/ /ˌhʌntə(r) ˈɡæθərə(r)/
intelligence (n) /ɪnˈtelɪdʒ(ə)ns/ as easy as ABC (phr) /əz ˌiːzi əz initiation (n) /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
interaction (n) /ˌɪntərˈækʃ(ə)n/ eɪbiˈsiː/ keep to yourself (phr) /ˌkiːp tə
invention (n) /ɪnˈvenʃ(ə)n/ as fresh as a daisy (phr) /əz ˌfreʃ əz jə(r)ˈself/
loneliness (n) /ˈləʊnlinəs/ ə ˈdeɪzi/ like-minded (adj)
movement (n) /ˈmuːvmənt/ as light as a feather (phr) /əz ˌlaɪt əz /ˈlaɪkˌmaɪndɪd/
personality (n) /ˌpɜː(r)səˈnæləti/ ə ˈfeðə(r)/ look out for yourself (phr)
popularity (n) /ˌpɒpjʊˈlærəti/ as quick as a flash (phr) /əz ˌkwɪk əz ə /lʊk ˌaʊt fə(r) jə(r)ˈself/
protection (n) /prəˈtekʃ(ə)n/ ˈflæʃ/ precise (adj) /prɪˈsaɪs/
safety (n) /ˈseɪfti/ as quiet as a mouse (phr) /əz ˌkwaɪət rehearse (v) /rɪˈhɜː(r)s/
similarity (n) /ˌsɪməˈlærəti/ əz ə ˈmaʊs/ relate (v) /rɪˈleɪt/
sincerity (n) /sɪnˈserəti/ as solid as a rock (phr) /əz ˌsɒlɪd əz respectively (adv) /rɪˈspektɪvli/
ə ˈrɒk/ revolutionise (v) /ˌrevəˈluːʃəˌnaɪz/
People
as strong as an ox (phr) /əz ˌstrɒŋ əz root (n) /ruːt/
actor (n) /ˈæktə(r)/
ən ˈɒks/ sorority (n) /səˈrɒrəti/
participant (n) /pɑː(r)ˈtɪsɪpənt/
as white as a sheet (phr) /əz ˌwaɪt əz speak your mind (phr) /ˌspiːk jɔː(r)
psychologist (n) /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ ə ˈʃiːt/ ˈmaɪnd/
researcher (n) /rɪˈsɜː(r)tʃə(r)/ struggle (v) /ˈstrʌɡ(ə)l/
scientist (n) /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ Ways of talking
support (n & v) /səˈpɔː(r)t/
speaker (n) /ˈspiːkə(r)/ gasp (v) /ɡɑːsp/
synchronise (v) /ˈsɪŋkrənaɪz/
groan (v) /ɡrəʊn/
Body idioms and human think through (v phr) /ˌθɪŋk ˈθruː/
mutter (v) /ˈmʌtə(r)/
interaction undergraduate (n)
shriek (v) /ʃriːk/
be under someone’s thumb (phr) /ˌʌndə(r)ˈɡrædʒʊət/
sigh (v) /saɪ/
/biː ˌʌndə(r) sʌmwʌnz ˈθʌm/ upset (adj & v) /ʌpˈset/

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Wordlist B2+

Unit 2 Other words and phrases long-distance (adj) /ˌlɒŋ ˈdɪstəns/

bother (v) /ˈbɒðə(r)/ master (v) /ˈmɑːstə(r)/
Collocations with take, make practical (adj) /ˈpræktɪk(ə)l/
chauffeur (v) /ˈʃəʊfə(r)/
and do cliff (n) /klɪf/ rally (n) /ˈræli/
take (phr) enforce (v) /ɪnˈfɔː(r)s/ relieved (adj) /rɪˈliːvd/
a call /ˌteɪk ə ˈkɔːl/ ensure (v) /ɪnˈʃɔː(r)/ sink in (v phr) /ˌsɪŋk ˈɪn/
a course /ˌteɪk ə ˈkɔː(r)s/ explain (v) /ɪkˈspleɪn/ solidarity (n) /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/
a decision /ˌteɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ gain (v) /ɡeɪn/ stereotype (n) /ˈsteriəˌtaɪp/
an interest /ˌteɪk ən ˈɪntrəst/ goddess (n) /ˈɡɒdes/ take advantage (phr)
a risk /ˌteɪk ə ˈrɪsk/ go down well (phr) /ˌɡəʊ daʊn ˈwel/ /ˌteɪk ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/
a test /ˌteɪk ə ˈtest/ imminent (adj) /ˈɪmɪnənt/ unconditional (adj) /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃ(ə)nəl/
control /ˌteɪk kənˈtrəʊl/ impetuous (adj) /ɪmˈpetʃuəs/ within (adv) /wɪðˈɪn/
cover /ˌteɪk ˈkʌvə(r)/ implement (v) /ˈɪmplɪˌment/
effect /ˌteɪk ɪˈfekt/ impulsive (adj) /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/ Unit 3
offence /ˌteɪk əˈfens/ leap (v) /liːp/ Phrasal verbs – the mind
place /ˌteɪk ˈpleɪs/ lower (v) /ˈləʊə(r)/ catch on (v phr) /ˌkætʃ ˈɒn/
power /ˌteɪk ˈpaʊə(r)/ provisional (adj) /prəˈvɪʒ(ə)nəl/ come up with (v phr) /ˌkʌm ˈʌp wɪð/
make (phr) rash (adj) /ræʃ/ hit on (v phr) /ˈhɪt ɒn/
an apology /ˌmeɪk ən əˈpɒlədʒi/ requirements (n pl) /rɪˈkwaɪə(r)mənts/ keep up with (v phr) /ˌkiːp ˈʌp wɪð/
an attempt /ˌmeɪk ən əˈtempt/ rolling (adj) /ˈrəʊlɪŋ/ leap out at (v phr) /ˌliːp ˈaʊt æt/
a call /ˌmeɪk ə ˈkɔːl/ rope (n) /rəʊp/ pick up (v phr) /ˌpɪk ˈʌp/
a choice /ˌmeɪk ə ˈtʃɔɪs/ rush of adrenalin (phr) /ˌrʌʃ əv piece together (v phr) /ˌpiːs təˈɡeðə(r)/
a comment /ˌmeɪk ə ˈkɒment/ əˈdrenəlɪn/
talk through (v phr) /ˌtɔːk ˈθruː/
a complaint /ˌmeɪk ə kəmˈpleɪnt/ scenery (n) /ˈsiːnəri/
a decision /ˌmeɪk ə dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ show off (v phr) /ˌʃəʊ ˈɒf/ Other phrasal verbs
a difference /ˌmeɪk ə ˈdɪfrəns/ slippery (adj) /ˈslɪpəri/ fit in (v phr) /ˌfɪt ˈɪn/
an improvement /ˌmeɪk ən snap decision (n) /ˌsnæp dɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ get on with (v phr) /ˌɡet ˈɒn wɪð/
ɪmˈpruːvmənt/ support vehicle (n) /səˈpɔː(r)t ˌviːɪk(ə)l/ look down on (v phr) /ˌlʊk ˈdaʊn ɒn/
a mistake /ˌmeɪk ə mɪˈsteɪk/ synapse (n) /ˈsaɪnæps/ look for (v phr) /ˈlʊk fɔː(r)/
a suggestion /ˌmeɪk ə səˈdʒestʃ(ə)n/ think ahead (v phr) /ˌθɪŋk əˈhed/ stand out (v phr) /ˌstænd ˈaʊt/
changes /ˌmeɪk ˈtʃeɪndʒɪz/ toss (a coin) (v) /tɒs/ take up (v phr) /ˌteɪk ˈʌp/
use of something /ˌmeɪk ˈjuːs əv toughen up (v phr) /ˌtʌf(ə)n ˈʌp/ work out (v phr) /ˌwɜː(r)k ˈaʊt/
ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ widely (adv) /ˈwaɪdli/ write down (v phr) /ˌraɪt ˈdaʊn/
do (phr) wind (v) /waɪnd/ The human mind
a course /ˌduː ə ˈkɔː(r)s/ articulate (adj) /ɑː(r)ˈtɪkjʊlət/
a test /ˌduː ə ˈtest/ Gateway to exams: Units 1–2 bewildered (adj) /bɪˈwɪldə(r)d/
business /ˌduː ˈbɪznəs/ grasp (v) /ɡrɑːsp/
adapt (v) /əˈdæpt/
harm /ˌduː ˈhɑː(r)m/ have a gift for (phr) /ˌhæv ə ˈɡɪft fɔː(r)/
age limit (n) /ˈeɪdʒ ˌlɪmɪt/
household chores /ˌduː haʊshəʊld memorise (v) /ˈmeməraɪz/
broaden (v) /ˈbrɔːd(ə)n/
ˈtʃɔː(r)z/ perceive (v) /pə(r)ˈsiːv/
challenge (v) /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/
research /ˌduː rɪˈsɜː(r)tʃ/, recall (v) /rɪˈkɔːl/
/ˌduː ˈriːsɜː(r)tʃ/ content (adj) /kənˈtent/
custom (n) /ˈkʌstəm/ wander (v) /ˈwɒndə(r)/
your best /ˌduː jɔː(r) ˈbest/
demanding (adj) /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/ Prefixes
Compound nouns – cars and dependent (adj) /dɪˈpendənt/ anti co-
the road drop-out (adj) /ˈdrɒpaʊt/ dis-/un-/im-
driving licence (n) /ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˌlaɪs(ə)ns/ enrol (v) /ɪnˈrəʊl/ /ir-/in-/il- ex-
motorway (n) /ˈməʊtə(r)ˌweɪ/ fair share (n) /ˌfeə(r) ˈʃeə(r)/ inter- mis-
petrol station (n) /ˈpetrəl ˌsteɪʃ(ə)n/ fashion (n) /ˈfæʃ(ə)n/ over- post-
road sign (n) /ˈrəʊd ˌsaɪn/ for that matter (phr) /fə(r) ˌðæt pre- re-
roundabout (n) /ˈraʊndəˌbaʊt/ ˈmætə(r)/ sub- super-
seat belt (n) /ˈsiːt ˌbelt/ found (v) /faʊnd/ under-
speed limit (n) /ˈspiːd ˌlɪmɪt/ from scratch (phr) /ˌfrəm ˈskrætʃ/
steering wheel (n) /ˈstɪərɪŋ ˌwiːl/ idol (n) /ˈaɪd(ə)l/ Examples
traffic jam (n) /ˈtræfɪk ˌdʒæm/ impressive (adj) /ɪmˈpresɪv/ disappointing (adj) /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪŋ/
traffic light (n) /ˈtræfɪk ˌlaɪt/ logic (n) /ˈlɒdʒɪk/ disjointed (adj) /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/

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Wordlist B2+

impenetrable (adj) /ɪmˈpenɪtrəb(ə)l/ lack (n) /læk/ outset (n) /ˈaʊtˌset/

miscast (v) /ˌmɪsˈkɑːst/ layer (n) /ˈleɪə(r)/ setback (n) /ˈsetˌbæk/
overblown (adj) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈbləʊn/ light-hearted (adj) /ˌlaɪt ˈhɑː(r)tɪd/ Adjectives
subconscious (adj) /ˌsʌbˈkɒnʃəs/ lightning speed (phr) /ˌlaɪtnɪŋ ˈspiːd/ genetically modified (adj) /dʒəˌnetɪkli
underrated (adj) /ˌʌndəˈreɪtɪd/ lock up (v phr) /ˌlɒk ˈʌp/ ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/
uninspiring (adj) /ˌʌnɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ masterpiece (n) /ˈmɑːstə(r)ˌpiːs/ worldwide (adj) /ˌwɜː(r)ldˈwaɪd/
unpredictable (adj) memorable (adj) /ˈmem(ə)rəb(ə)l/ worthwhile (adj) /ˌwɜː(r)θˈwaɪl/
/ˌʌnprɪˈdɪktəb(ə)l/ mesmerising (adj) /ˈmezməˌraɪzɪŋ/
Biology and scientific research
Other words and phrases mind-blowing (adj) /ˈmaɪnd ˌbləʊɪŋ/
chromosome (n) /ˈkrəʊməsəʊm/
mnemonic device (n) /nɪˌmɒnɪk
a smash/flop (phr) /ə ˈsmæʃ/ˈflɒp/ contract (a disease) (v) /kənˈtrækt/
dɪˈvaɪs/
adaptation (n) /ˌædæpˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ enzyme (n) /ˈenzaɪm/
moving (adj) /ˈmuːvɪŋ/
alter (v) /ˈɔːltə(r)/ genetic engineering (n) /dʒəˌnetɪk
overhear (v) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈhɪə(r)/
assign (v) /əˈsaɪn/ ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/
(critics) panned (the film) (v) /pænd/
appeal (n) /əˈpiːl/ genetically modified (adj) /dʒəˌnetɪkli
pattern (n) /ˈpætə(r)n/
big/low-budget (adj) /ˌbɪɡ/ˌləʊ ˈbʌdʒɪt/ ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/
portrayal (n) /pɔː(r)ˈtreɪəl/
(the film) bombed (v) /bɒmd/ parasite (n) /ˈpærəsaɪt/
receive rave reviews (phr)
box office (n) /ˈbɒks ˌɒfɪs/ prevalent (adj) /ˈprevələnt/
/rɪˌsiːv ˌreɪv rɪˈvjuːz/
chunk (n) /tʃʌŋk/ resistant (adj) /rɪˈzɪst(ə)nt/
recite (v) /rɪˈsaɪt/
clap of thunder (phr) /ˌklæp əv species (n) /ˈspiːʃiːz/
risqué (adj) /ˈrɪskeɪ/
ˈθʌndə(r)/ transmit (a disease) (v) /trænzˈmɪt/
script (n) /skrɪpt/
cliché (n) /ˈkliːʃeɪ/
scriptwriter (n) /ˈskrɪptˌraɪtə(r)/ Causes, reasons and results
cliffhanger (n) /ˈklɪfˌhæŋə(r)/
sequel (n) /ˈsiːkwəl/ as (adv) /æz/, /əz/
cope (with) (v) /kəʊp/
setting (n) /ˈsetɪŋ/ bring about (v phr) /ˌbrɪŋ əˈbaʊt/
critic (n) /ˈkrɪtɪk/
shallow (adj) /ˈʃæləʊ/ disastrous/catastrophic results (phr)
cursory (adj) /ˈkɜː(r)səri/
sharp (adj) /ʃɑː(r)p/ /dɪˌzɑːstrəs/kætəˌstrɒfɪk rɪˈzʌlts/
deliver a great performance (phr)
soundtrack (n) /ˈsaʊn(d)ˌtræk/ due to (prep) /ˈdjuː tuː/
/dɪˌlɪvə(r) ə ˌɡreɪt pə(r)ˈfɔː(r)məns/
span (v) /spæn/ give rise to (phr) /ˌɡɪv ˈraɪz tuː/
devise (v) /dɪˈvaɪz/
supporting actor (n) /səˌpɔː(r)tiŋ in turn (phr) /ɪn ˈtɜː(r)n/
disjointed (adj) /dɪsˈdʒɔɪntɪd/
ˈæktə(r)/ lead to (v phr) /ˈliːd tuː/
display (v) /dɪˈspleɪ/
sweep away (v phr) /ˌswiːp əˈweɪ/ owing to (prep) /ˈəʊɪŋ tuː/
emerge (v) /ɪˈmɜː(r)dʒ/
thought-provoking (adj) prompt (someone to do something)
empowerment (n) /ɪmˈpaʊə(r)mənt/
/ˈθɔːt prəˌvəʊkɪŋ/ (v) /prɒmpt/
endearing (adj) /ɪnˈdɪərɪŋ/
tinker (v) /ˈtɪŋkə(r)/ repercussion (n) /ˌriːpə(r)ˈkʌʃ(ə)n/
enhance (v) /ɪnˈhɑːns/
tool (n) /tuːl/ side effect (n) /ˈsaɪd ɪˌfekt/
epic (adj) /ˈepɪk/
twists and turns (of a plot) (n) spark off (v phr) /ˌspɑː(r)k ˈɒf/
expertise (n) /ˌekspə(r)ˈtiːz/ /ˌtwɪsts ən(d) ˈtɜː(r)nz/ stem from (v phr) /ˈstem frɒm/
far-fetched (adj) /ˌfɑː(r) ˈfetʃt/ (the story) unfolds (v) /ʌnˈfəʊldz/
fast-moving (adj) /ˌfɑːst ˈmuːvɪŋ/ Other words and phrases
up-and-coming (adj) /ˌʌp ən(d)
flawed (adj) /flɔːd/ ˈkʌmɪŋ/ acquire (v) /əˈkwaɪə(r)/
flawlessly (adv) /ˈflɔːləsli/ anomaly (n) /əˈnɒməli/
gatherer (n) /ˈɡæθərə(r)/ Unit 4 bar chart (n) /ˈbɑː(r) ˌtʃɑː(r)t/
get a lukewarm reception (phr) causation (n) /kɔːˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
/ˌɡet ə ˌluːkwɔː(r)m rɪˈsepʃ(ə)n/ Compound nouns and conclusive (adj) /kənˈkluːsɪv/
gripping (adj) /ˈɡrɪpɪŋ/ adjectives consumption (n) /kənˈsʌmpʃ(ə)n/
(the film) grossed ($10,000) (v) Nouns conversely (adv) /ˈkɒnvɜː(r)sli/
/ɡrəʊst/ breakthrough (n) /ˈbreɪkˌθruː/ corroborate (v) /kəˈrɒbəreɪt/
groundbreaking (adj) crackdown (n) /ˈkrækˌdaʊn/ debilitate (v) /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/
/ˈɡraʊn(d)ˌbreɪkɪŋ/ cutback (n) /ˈkʌtˌbæk/ decline (v) /dɪˈklaɪn/
(the film) hit the big screen (phr) drawback (n) /ˈdrɔːˌbæk/ (non-)diagrammatic comparison (phr)
/ˌhɪt ðə ˌbɪɡ ˈskriːn/ feedback (n) /ˈfiːdˌbæk/ /(ˌnɒn)ˌdaɪəɡrəˌmætɪk
hug (v) /hʌɡ/ lifetime (n) /ˈlaɪfˌtaɪm/ kəmˈpærɪs(ə)n/
hunter (n) /ˈhʌntə(r)/ offspring (n) /ˈɒfˌsprɪŋ/ die out (v phr) /ˌdaɪ ˈaʊt/
insight (n) /ˈɪnsaɪt/ outbreak (n) /ˈaʊtˌbreɪk/ double (v) /ˈdʌb(ə)l/
(un)inspiring (adj) /(ˌʌn)ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ outcome (n) /ˈaʊtˌkʌm/ dramatic(ally) (adj, adv) /~
intriguing (adj) /ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/ outlook (n) /ˈaʊtˌlʊk/ /drəˈmætɪk, drəˈmætɪklɪ/

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drop (v) /drɒp/ unparalleled (adj) /ʌnˈpærəleld/ correspondence (n)

eradicate (v) /ɪˈrædɪkeɪt/ visionary (adj) /ˈvɪʒən(ə)ri/ /ˌkɒrɪˈspɒndəns/
fluctuate (v) /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ council (n) /ˈkaʊns(ə)l/
foremost (adj) /ˈfɔː(r)məʊst/ Unit 5 court summons (n) /ˈkɔː(r)t ˌsʌmənz/
funding (n) /ˈfʌndɪŋ/ data (n) /ˈdeɪtə/
Prepositional phrases
graze (v) /ɡreɪz/ device (n) /dɪˈvaɪs/
by means of (phr) /baɪ ˈmiːnz ɒv/
halt (v) /hɔːlt/ disrupt, disruption (v, n) /dɪsˈrʌpt,
in addition to (phr) /ɪn əˈdɪʃ(ə)n tu:/ dɪsˈrʌpʃ(ə)n/
keystone (n) /ˈkiːˌstəʊn/
in aid of (phr) /ɪn ˈeɪd ɒv/ disturbance (n) dɪˈstɜː(r)bəns
level off (v phr) /ˌlev(ə)l ˈɒf/
in the process of (phr) /ɪn ðə ˈprəʊses enforce, enforcement (v, n)
life-threatening (adj) /ˈlaɪf ˌθret(ə)nɪŋ/
ɒv/ /ɪnˈfɔː(r)s, ɪnˈfɔː(r)smənt/
line graph (n) /ˈlaɪn ˌgrɑːf/
in/out of touch with (phr) /ɪn/aʊt əv expectation (n) /ˌekspekˈteɪʃ(ə)n/
manipulate (v) /məˈnɪpjʊleɪt/ ˈtʌtʃ wɪð/
manipulation (n) /məˌnɪpjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ flaming (adj) /ˈfleɪmɪŋ/
on account of (phr) /ɒn əˈkaʊnt ɒv/
niche (n) /niːʃ/ forthcoming (adj) /fɔː(r)θˈkʌmɪŋ/
on behalf of (phr) /ɒn bɪˈhɑːf ɒv/
pave the way (for) (phr) /ˌpeɪv ðə ˈweɪ/ get tough on (phr) /ˌɡet ˈtʌf ɒn/
on the strength of (phr) /ɒn ðə
pie chart (n) /ˈpaɪ ˌtʃɑː(r)t/ hop on/off (v phr) /ˌhɒp ˈɒn/ˈɒf/
ˈstreŋθ ɒv/
pioneer, pioneering (n, adj) /~ integral (adj) /ɪnˈteɡrəl/
/ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r), ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)ɪŋ/ Minor offences and punishment invasion of privacy (phr) /ɪnˌveɪʒ(ə)n
plummet (v) /ˈplʌmɪt/ be banned (from) (phr) /biː ˈbænd əv ˈprɪvəsi/
plunge (v) /plʌndʒ/ frɒm/ knock over (v phr) /ˌnɒk ˈəʊvə(r)/
pose (v) /pəʊz/ be issued with a fine (phr) land in court (phr) /ˌlænd ɪn ˈkɔː(r)t/
proportion (n) /prəˈpɔː(r)ʃ(ə)n/ /biː ˌɪʃuːd wɪð ə ˈfaɪn/ litter bug (n) /ˈlɪtə(r) ˌbʌɡ/
reach a high/low (phr) /ˌriːtʃ ə ˈhaɪ/ community service (n) /kəˌmjuːnəti lobby (n) /ˈlɒbi/
ˈləʊ/ ˈsɜː(r)vɪs/ magistrate (n) /ˈmædʒɪˌstreɪt/
rebound (v) /rɪˈbaʊnd/ court (n) /kɔː(r)t/ manoeuvre (n) /məˈnuːvə(r)/
rocket (v) /ˈrɒkɪt/ criminal record (n) /ˌkrɪmɪn(ə)l measure (n) /ˈmeʒə(r)/
roughly (approximately) (adv) ˈrekɔː(r)d/ merely (adv) /ˈmɪə(r)li/
/ˈrʌfli/ judge (n & v) /dʒʌdʒ/ monitor (v) /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/
self-sustaining (adj) /ˌself səˈsteɪnɪŋ/ litter (n & v) /ˈlɪtə(r)/ nuisance (n) /ˈnjuːs(ə)ns/
sharp (adj) /ʃɑː(r)p/ lodge a (formal) complaint (phr) on-the-spot (adj) /ˌɒn ðə ˈspɒt/
sharply (adv) /ˈʃɑː(r)pli/ /ˌlɒdʒ ə (ˌfɔː(r)m(ə)l) kəmˈpleɪnt/ pedestrian, pedestrianised (n, adj)
stabilise (v) /ˈsteɪbəlaɪz/ pay a small/heavy fine (phr) /~ /pəˈdestriən,  pəˈdestriənaɪzd/
/ˌpeɪ ə ˌsmɔːl/ˌhevi ˈfaɪn/ peer (n) /pɪə(r)/
steady, steadily (adj, adv) /~
/ˈstedi/, /ˈstedəli/ prosecute (v) /ˈprɒsɪˌkjuːt/ pinpoint (v) /ˈpɪnˌpɔɪnt/
striking (adj) /ˈstraɪkɪŋ/ suspended sentence (n) /səˌspendɪd place (v) /pleɪs/
ˈsentəns/ praise (n & v) /preɪz/
table (grid) (n) /ˈteɪb(ə)l/
tackle (v) /ˈtæk(ə)l/ Formal register premises (n pl) /ˈpremɪsɪz/
the majority (n) /ðə məˈdʒɒrəti/ a (growing) number of (phr) /ə ˌɡrəʊɪŋ privacy (n) /ˈprɪvəsi/
the minority (n) /ðə maɪˈnɒrəti/ ˈnʌmbə(r) ɒv/ raise (v) /reɪz/
the wild (n) /ðə ˈwaɪld/ highly (adv) /ˈhaɪli/ recipient (n) /rɪˈsɪpiənt/
treble (v) /ˈtreb(ə)l/ merely (adv) /ˈmɪə(r)li/ repercussions (n pl)
ultimately (adv) /ˈʌltɪmətli/ numerous (adj) /ˈnjuːmərəs/ /ˌriːpə(r)ˈkʌʃ(ə)nz/
vulnerable (adj) /ˈvʌln(ə)rəb(ə)l/ provide (v) /prəˈvaɪd/ slam (v) /slæm/
wipe out (v phr) /ˌwaɪp ˈaʊt/ the vast majority of (phr) /ðə ˌvɑːst slang (n) /slæŋ/
woolly mammoth (n) /ˌwʊli ˈmæməθ/ məˈdʒɒrəti ɒv/ spark concern (phr) /ˌspɑː(r)k
kənˈsɜː(r)n/
Other words and phrases
spokesperson (n) /ˈspəʊksˌpɜː(r)s(ə)n/
Gateway to exams: Units 3–4 adverse (adj) /ˈædvɜː(r)s/
state-owned (adj) /ˌsteɪt ˈəʊnd/
anatomical (adj) /ˌænəˈtɒmɪk(ə)l/ alienate (v) /ˈeɪliəneɪt/
summon (v) /ˈsʌmən/
archetypal (adj) /ˌɑː(r)kɪˈtaɪp(ə)l/ career (v) /kəˈrɪə(r)/
summons (n) /ˈsʌmənz/
eligible (adj) /ˈelɪdʒəb(ə)l/ charge (v) /tʃɑː(r)dʒ/
thrive (v) /θraɪv/
feat (n) /fiːt/ closed-circuit television (CCTV) (n)
track (v) /træk/
outsider (n) /aʊtˈsaɪdə(r)/ /ˌkləʊzd ˌsɜː(r)kɪt ˈtelɪˌvɪʒ(ə)n/
troll, trolling (n) /trəʊl, ˈtrəʊlɪŋ/
penmanship (n) /ˈpenmənʃɪp/ come into force (phr) /ˌkʌm ɪntuː
urge (v) /ɜː(r)dʒ/
ˈfɔː(r)s/
restraint (n) /rɪˈstreɪnt/ verge (n) /vɜː(r)dʒ/
convict, conviction (v, n) /kənˈvɪkt,
switch (v) /swɪtʃ/ wreck (v) /rek/
kənˈvɪkʃ(ə)n/

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Unit 6 touristy (adj) /ˈtʊərɪsti/ renovate, renovation (v, n) /ˈrenəveɪt,

vibrant (adj) /ˈvaɪbrənt/ ˌrenəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/
Idiomatic expressions with welcoming (adj) /ˈwelkəmɪŋ/ rental (n) /ˈrent(ə)l/
home well-connected (adj) /ˌwel kəˈnektɪd/ respectful (adj) /rɪˈspektf(ə)l/
not be anything to write home about well-off (adj) /ˌwel ˈɒf/ retail (n) /ˈriːteɪl/
(phr) /ˌnɒt biː ˌeniθɪŋ tə ˌraɪt ˈhəʊm rocketing (adj) /ˈrɒkɪtɪŋ/
əˌbaʊt/ Other words and phrases
running costs (n) /ˈrʌnɪŋ ˌkɒsts/
be at home with (phr) /biː ət ˈhəʊm affordable (adj) /əˈfɔː(r)dəb(ə)l/
rush into (v phr) /ˌrʌʃ ˈɪntuː/
wɪð/ barge (n) /bɑː(r)dʒ/
scandalous (adj) /ˈskænd(ə)ləs/
be home and dry (phr) /biː ˌhəʊm be in the same boat (phr) /biː ɪn ðə
scenario (n) /səˈnɑːriəʊ/
ən(d) ˈdraɪ/ ˌseɪm ˈbəʊt/
semi-detached (adj) /ˌsemi dɪˈtætʃt/
be home from home (phr) /biː ˌhəʊm be worth (adj) /biː ˈwɜː(r)θ/
skyline (n) /ˈskaɪˌlaɪn/
frəm ˈhəʊm/ (un)biased (adj) /(ʌn)ˈbaɪəst/
slum (n) /slʌm/
bring something home to somebody boiler (n) /ˈbɔɪlə(r)/
solely (adv) /ˈsəʊlli/
(phr) /ˌbrɪŋ sʌmθɪŋ ˈhəʊm tə bound (adj) /baʊnd/
spoilt for choice (phr) /ˌspɔɪlt fə(r)
ˌsʌmbədi/ budget (v) /ˈbʌdʒɪt/
ˈtʃɔɪs/
do something until the cows come collide (v) /kəˈlaɪd/
staff (n) /stɑːf/
home (phr) /ˌduː sʌmθɪŋ ənˌtɪl ðə compromise (v & n) /
ˈkaʊz kʌm ˌhəʊm/ stuff (n) /stʌf/
/ˈkɒmprəmaɪz/
home truths (n pl) /ˌhəʊm ˈtruːðz/ trawl (v) /trɔːl/
cool off (v phr) /ˌkuːl ˈɒf/
take home (phr) /ˌteɪk ˈhəʊm/ turn up (v phr) /ˌtɜː(r)n ˈʌp/
derelict (adj) /ˈderəlɪkt/
unannounced (adv) /ˌʌnəˈnaʊnst/
Finding a place to live diligent (adj) /ˈdɪlɪdʒ(ə)nt/
update (v) /ʌpˈdeɪt/
flat-/house-hunt (v) /ˈflæt/ˈhaʊs ˌhʌnt/ DIY (do-it-yourself) (n) /ˌdiː aɪ ˈwaɪ/
flat/house share (v) /ˈflæt/ˈhaʊs ˌʃeə(r)/ dodgy (adj) /ˈdɒdʒi/
draw a line (work out where the lines Gateway to exams: Units 5–6
landlord/landlady (n) /
/ˈlæn(d)ˌlɔː(r)d/ˈlæn(d)ˌleɪdi/ are drawn) (phr) /ˌdrɔː ə ˈlaɪn/ case (n) /keɪs/
lodger (n) /ˈlɒdʒə(r)/ fly the nest (phr) /ˌflaɪ ðə ˈnest/ criminologist (n) /ˌkrɪmɪˈnɒlədʒɪst/
move in (v phr) /ˌmuːv ˈɪn/ fund (v) /fʌnd/ end up (v phr) /ˌend ˈʌp/
pay a deposit (phr) /ˌpeɪ ə dɪˈpɒzɪt/ give notice (phr) /ˌɡɪv ˈnəʊtɪs/ fraud (n) /frɔːd/
pay the rent (phr) /ˌpeɪ ðə ˈrent/ go up in the world (phr) /ˌɡəʊ ˈʌp ɪn ðə issue (v) /ˈɪʃuː/
ˌwɜː(r)ld/ obligatory (adj) /əˈblɪɡət(ə)ri/
sign a contract (phr) /ˌsaɪn
ə ˈkɒntrækt/ ground rules (n pl) /ˈɡraʊnd ˌruːlz/ take something for granted (phr)
squatter (n) /ˈskwɒtə(r)/ guardian (n) /ˈɡɑː(r)diən/ /ˌteɪk sʌmθɪŋ fə(r) ˈɡrɑːntɪd/
studio flat (n) /ˈstjuːdiəʊ ˌflæt/ hall of residence (n) transaction (n) /trænˈzækʃ(ə)n/
/ˌhɔːl əv ˈrezɪd(ə)ns/ valid (adj) /ˈvælɪd/
tenant (n) /ˈtenənt/
handy (adj) /ˈhændi/ watermark (n) /ˈwɔːtə(r)ˌmɑː(r)k/
Describing cities and towns hassle (n) /ˈhæs(ə)l/
atmospheric (adj) /ˌætməsˈferɪk/ helicopter pad (n) /ˈhelɪˌkɒptə(r) ˌpæd/ Unit 7
bustling (adj) /ˈbʌs(ə)lɪŋ/ high-profile (adj) /ˌhaɪ ˈprəʊfaɪl/
cosmopolitan (adj) housewarming party (n) Word formation – suffixes
/ˌkɒzməˈpɒlɪt(ə)n/ /ˈhaʊsˌwɔː(r)mɪŋ ˌpɑː(r)ti/ Adjectives
crowded (adj) /ˈkraʊdɪd/ in short supply (phr) /ɪn ˌʃɔː(r)t səˈplaɪ/ accessible (adj) /əkˈsesəb(ə)l/
filthy (adj) /ˈfɪlθi/ liaise (with) (v) /liˈeɪz/ authentic (adj) /ɔːˈθentɪk/
hilly (adj) /ˈhɪli/ lose your temper (phr) /ˌluːz jɔː(r) childish (adj) /ˈtʃaɪldɪʃ/
historic (adj) /hɪˈstɒrɪk/ ˈtempə(r)/ collectable (adj) /kəˈlektəb(ə)l/
industrial (adj) /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ maintenance (n) /ˈmeɪntənəns/ creative (adj) /kriˈeɪtɪv/
isolated (adj) /ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd/ mingle (v) /ˈmɪŋɡ(ə)l/ credible (adj) /ˈkredəb(ə)l/
magnificent (adj) /mæɡˈnɪfɪs(ə)nt/ mod cons (n pl) /ˌmɒd ˈkɒnz/ cynical (adj) /ˈsɪnɪk(ə)l/
picturesque (adj) /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ moor (v) /mʊə(r)/ effective (adj) /ɪˈfektɪv/
quaint (adj) /kweɪnt/ nightmare (n) /ˈnaɪtˌmeə(r)/ famous (adj) /ˈfeɪməs/
renowned (for) (adj) /rɪˈnaʊnd/ opulence (n) /ˈɒpjʊləns/ funny (adj) /ˈfʌni/
run-down (adj) /ˌrʌn ˈdaʊn/ outskirts (n) /ˈaʊtˌskɜː(r)ts/ helpful (adj) /ˈhelpf(ə)l/
shabby (adj) /ˈʃæbi/ pokey (adj) /ˈpəʊki/ important (adj) /ɪmˈpɔː(r)t(ə)nt/
spotless (adj) /ˈspɒtləs/ power shower (n) /ˈpaʊə(r) ˌʃaʊə(r)/ innovative (adj) /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/
sprawling (adj) /ˈsprɔːlɪŋ/ prioritise (v) /praɪˈɒrɪtaɪz/ instantaneous (adj) /ˌɪnstənˈteɪniəs/
steeped in (adj) /ˈstiːpt ɪn/ recreation (n) /ˌrekriˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ lucky (adj) /ˈlʌki/
thriving (adj) /ˈθraɪvɪŋ/ refurbish (v) /riːˈfɜː(r)bɪʃ/ memorable (adj) /ˈmem(ə)rəb(ə)l/

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optimistic (adj) /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ by means of (phr) /baɪ ˈmiːnz ɒv/ retailer (n) /ˈriːˌteɪlə(r)/
original (adj) /əˈrɪdʒ(ə)nəl/ casual (adj) /ˈkæʒuəl/ savvy (n) /ˈsævi/
pointless (adj) /ˈpɔɪntləs/ check (n) /tʃek/ scanner (n) /ˈskænə(r)/
powerful (adj) /ˈpaʊə(r)f(ə)l/ chic (adj) /ʃiːk/ selfie (n) /ˈselfi/
predictable (adj) /prɪˈdɪktəb(ə)l/ classic (n) /ˈklæsɪk/ sizeable (adj) /ˈsaɪzəb(ə)l/
resistant (adj) /rɪˈzɪst(ə)nt/ fit (v) /fɪt/ vlogger (n) /ˈvlɒɡə(r)/
sensible (adj) /ˈsensəb(ə)l/ flowery (adj) /ˈflaʊəri/ wise (adj) /waɪz/
successful (adj) /səkˈsesf(ə)l/ glamorous (adj) /ˈɡlæmərəs/
thoughtful/less (adj) /ˈθɔːtf(ə)l/ləs/ loose (adj) /luːs/ Unit 8
Adverb suffixes match (n & v) /mætʃ/
Words with more than one
creatively (adv) /kriˈeɪtɪvli/ old-fashioned (adj)
meaning
/ˌəʊld ˈfæʃ(ə)nd/
fortunately (adv) /ˈfɔː(r)tʃənətli/ clear (adj) /klɪə(r)/
plain (adj) /pleɪn/
luckily (adv) /ˈlʌkɪli/ cover (v) /ˈkʌvə(r)/
scruffy (adj) /ˈskrʌfi/
officially (adv) /əˈfɪʃ(ə)li/ fair (adj) /feə(r)/
set a trend (phr) /ˌset ə ˈtrend/
optimistically (adv) /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪkli/ hard (adj) /hɑː(r)d/
smart (adj) /smɑː(r)t/
sensibly (adv) /ˈsensəbli/ point (v & n) /pɔɪnt/
sophisticated (adj) /səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd/
successfully (adv) /səkˈsesf(ə)li/ since (adv, prep) /sɪns/
stripy (adj) /ˈstraɪpi/
Verb suffixes suit (v) /suːt/ phrases with point
intensify (v) /ɪnˈtensɪfaɪ/ tight (adj) /taɪt/ get to the point (phr) /ˌɡet tə ðə
modernise (v) /ˈmɒdə(r)naɪz/ ˈpɔɪnt/
trendy (adj) /ˈtrendi/
standardise (v) /ˈstændə(r)daɪz/ have a point (phr) /ˌhæv ə ˈpɔɪnt/
Other words and phrases miss the point (phr) /ˌmɪs ðə ˈpɔɪnt/
Noun suffixes
(a) fraction (of) (n) / (ə) ˈfrækʃ(ə)n on the point of (phr) /ɒn ðə ˈpɔɪnt ɒv/
criticism (n) /ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪz(ə)m/ (əv)/ prove a point (phr) /ˌpruːv ə ˈpɔɪnt/
discovery (n) /dɪˈskʌv(ə)ri/ aisle (n) /aɪl/ see a point (phr) /ˌsiː ə ˈpɔɪnt/
endorsement (n) /ɪnˈdɔː(r)smənt/ appliance (n) /əˈplaɪəns/ the point of no return (phr) /ðə ˌpɔɪnt
imagination (n) /ɪˌmædʒɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ assemble (v) /əˈsemb(ə)l/ əv ˌnəʊ rɪˈtɜː(r)n/
likelihood (n) /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ blogger (n) /ˈblɒɡə(r)/ up to a point (phr) /ˌʌp tuː ə ˈpɔɪnt/
originality (n) /əˌrɪdʒəˈnæləti/ brainwash (v) /ˈbreɪnˌwɒʃ/
readiness (n) /ˈredinəs/ Compound adjectives – parts of
buzz (n) /bʌz/
variety (n) /vəˈraɪəti/ the body
certification (n) /ˌsə(r)tɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
Prefixes CFC (n) /ˌsiː ef ˈsiː/ breakneck (adj) /ˈbreɪkˌnek/
autograph (n) /ˈɔːtəˌɡrɑːf/ challenge (v) /ˈtʃæləndʒ/ ear-splitting (adj) /ˈɪə(r) ˌsplɪtɪŋ/
multi-purpose (adj) /ˌmʌlti ˈpɜː(r)pəs/ customer-friendly (adj) eye-catching (adj) /ˈaɪ ˌkætʃɪŋ/
post-concert (adj) /ˌpəʊst ˈkɒnsə(r)t/ /ˌkʌstəmə(r) ˈfren(d)li/ eye-opening (adj) /ˈaɪ ˌəʊp(ə)nɪŋ/
pre-concert (adj) /ˌpriː ˈkɒnsə(r)t/ detail (v) /ˈdiːteɪl/ hair-raising (adj) /ˈheə(r) ˌreɪzɪŋ/
developing country (n) /dɪˌveləpɪŋ heart-stopping (adj) /ˈhɑː(r)t ˌstɒpɪŋ/
Advertising and selling heartwarming (adj)
ˈkʌntri/
banner (n) /ˈbænə(r)/ /ˈhɑː(r)tˌwɔː(r)mɪŋ/
economic growth (n) /ˌiːkənɒmɪk
billboard (n) /ˈbɪlˌbɔː(r)d/ ˈɡrəʊθ/ nail-biting (adj) /ˈneɪl ˌbaɪtɪŋ/
brand name (n) /ˈbrænd ˌneɪm/ far-reaching (adj) /ˌfɑː(r) ˈriːtʃɪŋ/ soul-destroying (adj) /ˈsəʊl dɪˌstrɔɪɪŋ/
endorse a product (phr) /ɪnˌdɔː(r)s following (n) /ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/ Metaphors – happiness and
ə ˈprɒdʌkt/
globalisation (n) /ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ sadness
give away a freebie (phr) /ˌɡɪv əˌweɪ
grab (v) /ɡræb/
ə ˈfriːbi/ be/feel down in the dumps (phr)
greenwashing (n) /ˈɡriːnˌwɒʃɪŋ/ /biː/fiːl ˌdaʊn ɪn ðə ˈdʌmps/
launch a marketing campaign (phr)
hashtag (n) /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/ be/feel on top of the world (phr)
/ˌlɔːntʃ ə ˈmɑː(r)kɪtɪŋ kæmˌpeɪn/
hold sway (phr) /ˌhəʊld ˈsweɪ/ /biː/fiːl ɒn ˌtɒp əv ðə ˈwɜː(r)ld/
make cold calls (phr) /ˌmeɪk kəʊld
ˈkɔːlz/ icon, iconic (n, adj) ~/ /ˈaɪkɒn, be in low spirits (phr) /biː ɪn ˌləʊ
aɪˈkɒnɪk/ ˈspɪrɪts/
word-of-mouth publicity (phr)
/ˌwɜː(r)d əv ˌmaʊθ pʌbˈlɪsəti/ incentive (n) /ɪnˈsentɪv/ be in seventh heaven (n)
influencer (n) /ˈɪnfluənsə(r)/ /biː ɪn ˌsev(ə)nθ ˈhev(ə)n/
Describing clothes and fashions interdependent (adj) be on cloud nine (phr) /biː ɒn ˌklaʊd
adventurous (adj) /ədˈventʃ(ə)rəs/ /ˌɪntə(r)dɪˈpendənt/ ˈnaɪn/
baggy (adj) /ˈbæɡi/ pay off (v phr) /ˌpeɪ ˈɒf/ be over the moon (phr) /biː ˌəʊvə(r) ðə
(be) in style (phr) /biː ɪn ˈstaɪl/ purchase (n) /ˈpɜː(r)tʃəs/ ˈmuːn/
be seen dead in (phr) /biː ˌsiːn ˈded ɪn/ relatable (adj) /rɪˈleɪtəb(ə)l/ brighten up (v phr) /ˌbraɪt(ə)n ˈʌp/

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cast a shadow over (phr) /ˌkɑːst rapids (n pl) /ˈræpɪdz/ a qualification (n) /ˌɡeɪn ə
ə ˈʃædəʊ ˌəʊvə(r)/ recoil (v) /rɪˈkɔɪl/ ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
feel blue (phr) /ˌfiːl ˈbluː/ reject (v) /rɪˈdʒekt/ confidence (n) /ˌɡeɪn
feel down/low (phr) /ˌfiːl ˈdaʊn/ˈləʊ/ roar (v) /rɔː(r)/ ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)ns/
lift somebody’s spirits (phr) /ˌlɪft rope (n) /rəʊp/ experience (n) /ˌɡeɪn ɪkˈspɪəriəns/
sʌmbədiz ˈspɪrɪts/ rule out (v phr) /ˌruːl ˈaʊt/ insight (n) /ˌɡeɪn ˈɪnsaɪt/
light at the end of the tunnel (phr) rush (n) /rʌʃ/ knowledge (n) /ˌɡeɪn ˈnɒlɪdʒ/
/ˌlaɪt ət ði ˌend əv ðə ˈtʌn(ə)l/ simulator, simulation (n, n) ~/ understanding (n) /ˌɡeɪn ˌʌndə(r)
light up (v phr) /ˌlaɪt ˈʌp/ /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪtə(r), ˌsɪmjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ˈstændɪŋ/
look bright (phr) /ˌlʊk ˈbraɪt/ single-handed (adj) /ˌsɪŋɡ(ə)l ˈhændɪd/ overcome +
look gloomy/bleak (phr) /ˌlʊk ˈɡluːmi/ slap (v) /slæp/ adversity (n) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˌkʌm
ˈbliːk/ slip (v) /slɪp/ ədˈvɜː(r)səti/
look up (v phr) /ˌlʊk ˈʌp/ speed (v) /spiːd/ an obstacle (n) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˌkʌm
somebody’s heart sinks (phr) spot (n) /spɒt/ ən ˈɒbstək(ə)l/
/ˌsʌmbədiz ˈhɑː(r)t ˌsɪŋks/ spread (v) /spred/ a problem (n) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˌkʌm
walk/float on air (phr) /ˌwɔːk/ˌfləʊt strap together (v phr) /ˌstræp ə ˈprɒbləm/
ɒn ˈeə(r)/ təˈɡeðə(r)/ a setback (n) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˌkʌm
Other words and phrases thrill seeker (n) /ˈθrɪl ˌsiːkə(r)/ ə ˈsetˌbæk/
adamant (adj) /ˈædəmənt/ turbulent (adj) /ˈtɜː(r)bjʊlənt/ fear (n) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˌkʌm ˈfɪə(r)/
adrenalin (n) /əˈdrenəlɪn/ war-torn (adj) /ˈwɔː(r) ˌtɔː(r)n/ resistance (n) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˌkʌm
waterfall (n) /ˈwɔːtə(r)ˌfɔːl/ rɪˈzɪst(ə)ns/
astounded (adj) /əˈstaʊndɪd/
battle it out (for) (phr) /ˌbæt(ə)l ɪt wedge (v) /wedʒ/ experience +
ˈaʊt fɔː(r)/ whirlpool (n) /ˈwɜː(r)lˌpuːl/ a situation (n) /ɪkˌspɪəriəns
belongings (n pl) /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/ witness (v) /ˈwɪtnəs/ ə ˌsɪtʃuˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
black out (v phr) /ˌblæk ˈaʊt/ zoom (v) /zuːm/ change (n) /ɪkˌspɪəriəns ˈtʃeɪndʒ/
blur (n) /blɜː(r)/ pain (n) /ɪkˌspɪəriəns ˈpeɪn/
bruise (n) /bruːz/ Gateway to exams: Units 7–8 problems (n) /ɪkˌspɪəriəns
burst (n) /bɜː(r)st/ ˈprɒbləmz/
backdrop (n) /ˈbækˌdrɒp/
cling (v) /klɪŋ/ take up a +
base jumper (n) /ˈbeɪs ˌdʒʌmpə(r)/
cord (n) /kɔː(r)d/ career (n) /ˌteɪk ʌp ə kəˈrɪə(r)/
cliff (n) /klɪf/
curl up (v phr) /ˌkɜː(r)l ˈʌp/ hobby (n) /ˌteɪk ʌp ə ˈhɒbi/
juggernaut (n) /ˈdʒʌɡə(r)ˌnɔːt/
dive (v) /daɪv/ position (n) /ˌteɪk ʌp ə pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n/
multinational (adj) (n)
drag (v) /dræɡ/ post (n) /ˌteɪk ʌp ə ˈpəʊst/
/ˌmʌltiˈnæʃ(ə)nəl/
enrich (v) /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/ undertake +
parachute (n) /ˈpærəˌʃuːt/
essentially (adv) /ɪˈsenʃ(ə)li/ analysis (n) /ˌʌndə(r)ˌteɪk
pier (n) /pɪə(r)/
fade (v) /feɪd/ əˈnæləsɪs/
propel (v) /prəˈpel/
fearless (adj) /ˈfɪə(r)ləs/ an investigation (n) /ˌʌndə(r)ˌteɪk
publicise (v) /ˈpʌblɪsaɪz/
fictionalised (adj) /ˈfɪkʃ(ə)nəlaɪzd/ ən ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃ(ə)n/
somersault (v & n) /ˈsʌmə(r)ˌsɔːlt/
float (v) /fləʊt/ a study (n) /ˌʌndə(r)ˌteɪk ə ˈstʌdi/
sponsor (n) /ˈspɒnsə(r)/
give something a go (phr) a survey (n) /ˌʌndə(r)ˌteɪk
spurt (n) /spɜː(r)t/
/ˌɡɪv sʌmθɪŋ ə ˈɡəʊ/ ə ˈsɜː(r)veɪ/
stage (v) /steɪdʒ/
gorge (n) /ɡɔː(r)dʒ/ a task (n) /ˌʌndə(r)ˌteɪk ə ˈtɑːsk/
stunt (n) /stʌnt/
harness (n) /ˈhɑː(r)nɪs/ Other collocations
head over heels (in love) (phr)
Unit 9 cause trouble (phr) /ˌkɔːz ˈtrʌb(ə)l/
/ˌhed əʊvə(r) ˌhiːlz (ɪn ˈlʌv)/
inspire confidence (phr) /ɪnˌspaɪə(r)
hike (v) /haɪk/ Verb–noun collocations
ˈkɒnfɪd(ə)ns/
impact (n) /ˈɪmpækt/ embark on a + pay attention (phr) /ˌpeɪ əˈtenʃ(ə)n/
infested (adj) /ɪnˈfestɪd/ career (n) /ɪmˌbɑː(r)k ɒn speak your mind (phr) /ˌspiːk jɔː(r)
ingest (v) /ɪnˈdʒest/ ə kəˈrɪə(r)/ ˈmaɪnd/
jolt (n) /dʒəʊlt/ course (n) stand pressure (phr) /ˌstænd ˈpreʃə(r)/
lifeboat (n) /ˈlaɪfˌbəʊt/ /ɪmˌbɑː(r)k ɒn ə ˈkɔː(r)s/ suffer a setback (phr) /ˌsʌfər ə
lose your bottle (phr) project (n) /ɪmˌbɑː(r)k ɒn ˈsetˌbæk/
/ˌluːz jɔː(r) ˈbɒt(ə)l/ ə ˈprɒdʒekt/ take control of (phr) /ˌteɪk kənˈtrəʊl
miraculous (adj) /məˈrækjʊləs/ venture (n) /ɪmˌbɑː(r)k ɒn ɒv/
mountaineer (n) /ˌmaʊntɪˈnɪə(r)/ ə ˈventʃə(r)/ take responsibility for (phr) /ˌteɪk
quest (n) /kwest/ gain + rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti fɔː(r)/

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voice an opinion (phr) /ˌvɔɪs ən faɪˈnænʃ(ə)li/ Unit 10

əˈpɪnjən/
weigh up the consequences/the
pros and cons (phr) /ˌweɪ ʌp ðə
ˈkɒnsɪkwənsɪz/ðə ˌprəʊz ən(d) ˈkɒnz/
Life and career developments
accomplish (v) /əˈkʌmplɪʃ/
end up (v phr) /ˌend ˈʌp/
enrol (on a course) (v) /ɪnˈrəʊl/
find your feet (phr) /ˌfaɪnd jɔː(r) ˈfiːt/
follow in somebody’s footsteps (phr)
/ˌfɒləʊ ɪn sʌmbədiz ˈfʊtˌsteps/
get on in life (phr) /ˌɡet ˈɒn ɪn ˌlaɪf/
give somebody insight into (phr) /ˌɡɪv
sʌmbədi ˈɪnsaɪt ɪntuː/
have lots of aspirations and drive (phr)
/hæv ˌlɒts əv ˌæspɪˈreɪʃ(ə)nz ən(d)
ˈdraɪv/
never look back (phr) /ˌnevə(r) lʊk
ˈbæk/
overcome setbacks (phr) /ˌəʊvə(r)ˌkʌm
ˈsetˌbæks/
put something on hold (phr) /ˌpʊt
sʌmθɪŋ ɒn ˈhəʊld/
serve an apprenticeship (phr) /ˌsɜː(r)v
ən əˈprentɪsʃɪp/
settle in (v phr) /ˌset(ə)l ˈɪn/
try your hand at something (phr)
/ˌtraɪ jɔː(r) ˈhænd æt/
Words and expressions
connected with internships
career advancement (phr) /kəˈrɪər
ədˌvɑːnsmənt/
get a foot in the business (phr) /ˌɡet
ə ˈfʊt ɪn ðə ˌbɪznəs/
heavy workload (phr) /ˌhevi
ˈwɜː(r)kˌləʊd/
insight into how a company works
(phr) /ˌɪnsaɪt ɪntuː ˌhaʊ ə ˌkʌmp(ə)ni
ˈwɜː(r)ks/
long/antisocial hours (phr) /ˌlɒŋ/
ˌæntiˌsəʊʃ(ə)l ˈaʊə(r)z/
make ends meet (phr) /ˌmeɪk endz
ˈmiːt/
mundane tasks (phr) /mʌnˌdeɪn
ˈtɑːsks/
networking opportunities (phr)
/ˈnetˌwɜː(r)kɪŋ ˌɒpə(r)ˌtjuːnətiz/
on the job training (phr) /ˌɒn ðə ˌdʒɒb
ˈtreɪnɪŋ/
pass through (v phr) /ˌpɑːs ˈθruː/
perks (n pl) /pɜː(r)ks/
reach the point (phr) /ˌriːtʃ ðə ˈpɔɪnt/
stand up for (yourself) (v phr) /ˌstænd
ˈʌp fə(r) jə(r)ˌself/
support financially (phr) /səˌpɔː(r)t
take for granted (phr) /ˌteɪk fə(r)
ˈɡrɑːntɪd/ Phrasal verbs – communication
under the nose of (phr) /ˌʌndə(r) ðə bring up (v phr) /ˌbrɪŋ ˈʌp/
ˈnəʊz ɒv/ cut in (v phr) /ˌkʌt ˈɪn/
get through to (v phr) /ˌɡet ˈθruː tuː/
Other words and phrases
make out (v phr) /ˌmeɪk ˈaʊt/
accomplished (adj) /əˈkʌmplɪʃt/
pick up on (v phr) /ˌpɪk ˈʌp ɒn/
accomplishment (n)
point out (v phr) /ˌpɔɪnt ˈaʊt/
/əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/
speak out (v phr) /ˌspiːk ˈaʊt/
applicant (n) /ˈæplɪkənt/
spell out (v phr) /ˌspel ˈaʊt/
by and large (phr) /ˌbaɪ ən(d)
ˈlɑː(r)dʒ/ talk down to (v phr) /ˌtɔːk ˈdaʊn tuː/
drift (v) /drɪft/ turn to (v phr) /ˈtɜː(r)n tuː/
fall apart (v phr) /ˌfɔːl əˈpɑː(r)t/ Communication and
get the ball rolling (phr) /ˌɡet ðə ˌbɔːl communication breakdown
ˈrəʊlɪŋ/ find something puzzling (phr) /ˌfaɪnd
grind to a halt (phr) /ˌɡraɪnd tuː sʌmθɪŋ ˈpʌz(ə)lɪŋ/
ə ˈhɔːlt/ get the wrong end of the stick (phr)
hands-on (adj) /ˌhændz ˈɒn/ /ˌget ðə rɒŋ ˌend əv ðə ˈstɪk/
highly-regarded (adj) /ˌhaɪli imply (v) /ɪmˈplaɪ/
rɪˈɡɑː(r)dɪd/ make a gaffe (phr) /ˌmeɪk ə ˈɡæf/
intern (n) /ˈɪntɜː(r)n/ make a (witty) remark (phr) /ˌmeɪk
jump at an opportunity (phr) /ˈdʒʌmp ə ˌwɪti rɪˈmɑː(r)k/
ət ən ˌɒpə(r)ˌtjuːnəti/ misinterpret (v) /ˌmɪsɪnˈtɜː(r)prɪt/
liaise (v) /liˈeɪz/ offend somebody unintentionally (phr)
long-/short-term (adj) / /əˌfend sʌmbədi
/ˈlɒŋ/ˈʃɔː(r)t ˌtɜː(r)m/ ˌʌnɪnˈtenʃ(ə)nəli/
mentor (n & v) /ˈmentɔː(r)/ take something literally (phr)
panel (n) /ˈpæn(ə)l/ /ˌteɪk sʌmθɪŋ ˈlɪt(ə)rəli/
placement (n) /ˈpleɪsmənt/ talk at cross purposes (phr)
proactive (adj) /prəʊˈæktɪv/ /ˌtɔːk ət ˌkrɒs ˈpɜː(r)pəsɪz/
prompt (adj) /prɒmpt/ understand nuances (phr)
pursue (v) /pə(r)ˈsjuː/ /ˌʌndə(r)ˌstænd ˈnjuːɒnsɪz/
recognition (n) /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ Other words and phrases
recruit (v) /rɪˈkruːt/
abbreviation (n) /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃ(ə)n/
referee (n) /ˌrefəˈriː/
acquire (v) /əˈkwaɪə(r)/
run a company (phr) /ˌrʌn
approximate (n) /əˈprɒksɪmət/
ə ˈkʌmp(ə)ni/
assume (v) /əˈsjuːm/
short-staffed (adj) /ˌʃɔː(r)t ˈstɑːft/
behind the scenes (phr)
skip (v) /skɪp/
/bɪˌhaɪnd ðə ˈsiːnz/
slang (n) /slæŋ/
bullet point (n) /ˈbʊlɪt ˌpɔɪnt/
specification (n) /ˌspesɪfɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/
censorship (n) /ˈsensə(r)ʃɪp/
straightforward (adj)
consistent (adj) /kənˈsɪstənt/
/ˌstreɪtˈfɔː(r)wə(r)d/
convey (v) /kənˈveɪ/
strength (n) /streŋθ/
crowd-sourced (adj) /ˈkraʊd ˌsɔː(r)st/
stumble on/upon (v phr) /ˈstʌmb(ə)l
cut off (from) (v phr) /ˌkʌt ˈɒf (frɒm)/
ɒn/əpɒn/
dedicated (adj) /ˈdedɪˌkeɪtɪd/
swing it (phr) /ˈswɪŋ ɪt/
digitalisation (n)
tailor (n) /ˈteɪlə(r)/
/ˌdɪdʒɪt(ə)laɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/
temp (n) /temp/
dubbed (adj) /dʌbd/
trail (v) /treɪl/
excursion (n) /ɪkˈskɜː(r)ʃ(ə)n/
turn down (v phr) /ˌtɜː(r)n ˈdaʊn/
get in the way (phr) /ˌɡet ɪn ðə ˈweɪ/
vacancy (n) /ˈveɪkənsi/
hard at work (phr) /ˌhɑː(r)d ət ˈwɜː(r)k/
venue (n) /ˈvenjuː/
highlight (v) /ˈhaɪˌlaɪt/
venture (n) /ˈventʃə(r)/
integrate (v) /ˈɪntɪˌɡreɪt/
weakness (n) /ˈwiːknəs/
in the light of (phr) /ɪn ðə ˈlaɪt ɒv/

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isolated (adj) /ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd/ treaty (n) /ˈtriːti/ envisage (v) /ɪnˈvɪzɪdʒ/

lead people to believe something turn something on its head (phr) facilitator (n) /fəˈsɪləteɪtə(r)/
(phr) /ˌliːd ˌpiːp(ə)l tə bɪˈliːv sʌmθɪŋ/ /ˌtɜː(r)n sʌmθɪŋ ɒn ɪts ˈhed/ harvest (v) /ˈhɑː(r)vɪst/
mistranslate, mistranslation (v, n) undergo (v) /ˌʌndə(r)ˈɡəʊ/ incubator (n) /ˈɪŋkjʊˌbeɪtə(r)/
/ˌmɪstrænsˈleɪt, ˌmɪstrænsˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ virtually (adv) /ˈvɜː(r)tʃʊəli/ infringement (n) /ɪnˈfrɪndʒmənt/
outline (v) /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ word play (n) /ˈwɜː(r)d ˌpleɪ/ irrigate (v) /ˈɪrɪɡeɪt/
proficient (adj) /prəˈfɪʃ(ə)nt/ worthy (adj) /ˈwɜː(r)ði/ kneecap (n) /ˈniːˌkæp/
prominence (n) /ˈprɒmɪnəns/ legal jurisdiction (n) /ˌliːɡ(ə)l
propose (v) /prəˈpəʊz/ Gateway to exams: Units 9–10 ˌdʒʊərɪsˈdɪkʃ(ə)n/
prove popular (phr) /ˌpruːv ˈpɒpjʊlə(r)/ limb (n) /lɪm/
range (n) /reɪndʒ/ arise (from) (v) /əˈraɪz/
onset (n) /ˈɒnˌset/
small talk (n) /ˈsmɔːl ˌtɔːk/ augment, augmentation (v, n)
outcry (n) /ˈaʊtˌkraɪ/
/ɔːɡˈment, ˌɔːɡmenˈteɪʃ(ə)n/
sour (adj) /ˈsaʊə(r)/ precedent (n) /ˈpresɪdənt/
bench (n) /bentʃ/
statement (n) /ˈsteɪtmənt/ quality control (n) /ˈkwɒləti kənˌtrəʊl/
commercial returns (n pl)
strike (v) /straɪk/ realm (n) /relm/
/kəˌmɜː(r)ʃ(ə)l rɪˈtɜː(r)nz/
stroke of the pen (phr) /ˌstrəʊk əv sabotage (n) /ˈsæbətɑːʒ/
component (n) /kəmˈpəʊnənt/
ðə ˈpen/ staged (adj) /steɪdʒd/
critical (adj) /ˈkrɪtɪk(ə)l/
subtitler (n) /ˈsʌbˌtaɪt(ə)lə(r)/ surgeon (n) /ˈsɜː(r)dʒ(ə)n/
crop (n) /krɒp/
subtitles (n pl) /ˈsʌbˌtaɪt(ə)lz/ tend (plants) (v) /tend/
dispute (n) /dɪˈspjuːt/, /ˈdɪspjuːt/
superficial (adj) /ˌsuːpə(r)ˈfɪʃ(ə)l/ trademark (n) /ˈtreɪdˌmɑː(r)k/
enhance (v) /ɪnˈhɑːns/
synchronised (adj) /ˈsɪŋkrənaɪzd/

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