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• AS10.2 Polygons
Perimeter = a + b + c
b
a Analyzing the dimensions we have:
a length + a length + a length = a length
c
or [L] + [L] + [L] = [L]
Area = ½bh
Analyzing the dimensions we have:
h
a number × a length × a length = an area
b or [L] × [L] = [L2]
Remember,
• Adding or subtracting lengths gives us a length.
• Adding or subtracting areas gives us an area.
• Adding or subtracting volumes gives us a volume.
This is impossible.
If a formula involved an expression with 2 dimensions added
to an expression with 3 dimensions it would be inconsistent.
We would conclude that a mistake had been made.
an area + a volume
or [L 2] + [L3]
• AS10.2 Polygons
l
Perimeter = 2l + 2w
w or
Perimeter = 2(l + w)
Area = lw
l Perimeter = 4l
Area = l2
1
Area of a triangle = bh
2
b
Any side of the triangle can be taken as the base, as long
as the height is perpendicular to it:
b b
h
h
c b
B C
a
1
Area of triangle ABC = ab sin C
2
perpendicular
height
base
Or using letter symbols,
A = bh
We can ignore
this length
4.5 cm 4.9 cm
7 cm
Area of a parallelogram = bh
= 7 × 4.5
= 31.5 cm2
1
Area of a trapezium = (sum of parallel sides) × height
2
a
perpendicular
height
b
Or using letter symbols,
1
A= (a + b)h
2
1
Area of a trapezium = (a + b)h
6m 2
9m 1
= (6 + 14) × 9
2
1
= × 20 × 9
2
14 m = 90 m2
1
Area of a trapezium = (a + b)h
2
1
= (9 + 4) × 12
9m 2
4m 1
= × 13 × 12
2
12 m
= 78 m2
• AS10.2 Polygons
or
Therefore,
l
Surface area of a cube = 6l2
So,
height, h
Volume of a cuboid
= length × width × height
= lwh
length, l
width, w
Therefore:
Volume of a cube
l = (length of one edge)3
= l3
Total volume
5 cm = 54 + 12 = 66 cm3
• AS10.2 Polygons
This is called a
hexagonal prism
because its
cross-section is a
hexagon.
h
A
A
V = Al V = Ah
or
7.2 cm
4 cm
5 cm
Area of cross-section = ½ × 5 × 4 = 10 cm2
Volume of prism = 10 × 7.2 = 72 cm3
4m
7m
3m
5m
10 cm 60 200 60
slant height
h
A base
1
Volume of a pyramid = 3 × area of base × height
1
V= 3 Ah
= 15.6 cm2
• AS10.2 Polygons
V = πr2h
4
Volume = 3 πr3
r
and
• AS10.2 Polygons
length ×3
2 cm
6?
cm
The length is enlarged by a scale factor of 3.
58 of 62 © Boardworks Ltd 2005
Areas in similar shapes
length ×3
area ×9
2 cm2
4
6 cm 2
36
length ×3
area ×9
2 cm3
8
volume ×27
216 cm3
6 cm
length = 1 length = k
area = 1 area = k2
volume = 1 volume = k3