TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Manila

Laboratory Manual in
Electrical Circuits III

Gerard Francesco DG. Apolinario

Tyron D. Pason

Jurieve Bagay

Electrical Engineering Department

College of Engineering and Architecture
 Table of Contents

Experiment No. 1 Circuit Trainer Familiarization 1–6

Experiment No. 2 Balanced Three – phase WYE – connected Loads 7 – 14

Experiment No. 3 Balanced Three – phase DELTA – connected Loads 15 – 21

Experiment No. 4 Balanced Three – phase Parallel DELTA – WYE connected Loads 22 – 28

Experiment No. 5 Unbalanced Three – phase WYE and DELATA connected Loads 29 – 37

Experiment No. 6 Power Measurement using Two Wattmeter Method 38 – 45

Experiment No. 7 Power Measurement using Three Wattmeter Method 46 – 52

 Laboratory Experiment No. 1
Circuit Trainer Familiarization

1. Objective(s):
1.1 To familiarize students to the circuit trainer in preparation for the next experiments.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:
2.1 Use the circuit trainer safely on its full potential.
3. Discussion:
This experiment will familiarize students in using the electrical circuit trainer regarding interpretation of
circuit diagrams, construction of components network and basic connection of modules specially
measurement modules.
4. Resources:
1 - System Frame 91-200
1 – Universal Power Supply 60-105
1 - Electrodynamic Wattmeter 68-204
40 - Standard Set of Patch Leads 68-800
1 – Rectifier Voltmeter & Ammeter 68-117
1 – Switched Three Phase Inductive Load 67-312
1 – Switched Three Phase Resistive Load 67-142
1 – Switched Three Phase Capacitive Load 67-212
1 - Electronic Single and Three Phase Measurement 68-100
5. Procedure:
1. On the page of actual wiring diagram shown in Figure 1.2, draw the connection of the circuit as
shown in Figure 1.1. Have it check by your instructor. Note that you cannot proceed with the
experiment until you get the right connection; this is to ensure that before you energize the
trainer, you already have the right connection to avoid blowing of fuses of the modules that will delay
you on finishing your experiment. In case you give up in determining the right connection, you can
ask your instructor to show you the right connection in the consequence of deduction on your
score on your rubric for the corresponding criteria.
2. Before connecting the modules make sure you check the Universal Power Supply 60-105 beaker is
switched off then connect the modules according to the actual wiring diagram that you draw.
3. Referring to Table 1.1, turn on the switch/es of the three phase resistive load to give the resistive
load required for each trial.
4. Before switching on the 3 phase breaker of the universal power supply make sure the knob of the
variable output control is at 0%. Switch on the breaker, then slowly turn the knob of the power
supply until you reach the desired voltage as shown on the conventional meter 68-117.
5. Measure the voltage, current and power on each trial using measurement modules 60-105, 68-204
and 68-117 and record the results on Table 1.1.
6. After finishing all the trials, turn the knob of the variable output control to 0%, then switch off the
three phase circuit breaker.
7. Compare the results with the computed values.

1
Course: Experiment No.:
Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

6. Data and Results:

Figure 1.1 Schematic Wiring Diagram

Figure 1.2 Actual Wiring Connection

2
 Table 1.1
Trial Vm Vcom %diff Im Icom %diff Pm Pcom %diff
1. R1
2. R2
3. R3
4. R1//R2
5. R2//R3
6. R1//R3
7.R1//R2//R3
Computation:
7. Analysis and Interpretation
8. Conclusion:
9. Laboratory Assessment:
BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT
CRITERIA SCORE
1 2 3
 I. Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Manipulative Skills demonstrate needed demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
skills. skills skills.
Members are able to Members are able to
Experimental Members are unable
setup the materials setup the material
Setup to setup the materials.
with supervision. with
minimum supervision.
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.
Members follow safety Members follow safety
Members do not follow
Safety Precautions precautions most of precautions at all
safety precautions.
the time. times.
II. Work Habits
Time Management Members finish ahead
Members do not finish Members finish on
/ Conduct of of time with complete
on time with time with incomplete
Experiment data and time to revise
incomplete data. data.
data.
Members have
Members do not know
defined Members are on tasks
their tasks and have
responsibilities most and have defined
no defined
Cooperative and of the time. Group responsibilities at all
responsibilities.
Teamwork conflicts are times. Group conflicts
Group conflicts have
cooperatively are cooperatively
to be settled by the
managed most of the managed at all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Members require Members do not need
Ability to do occasional
supervision by the to be supervised by
independent work supervision by the
teacher. the teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛� = × 100
24
10. Reference(s):
Irwin, David (2011). “Engineering Circuit Analysis” (10th ed.)
Laboratory Experiment No. 2
Balanced Three – Phase WYE – Connected Load
1. Objective(s):
1.1 To measure and differentiate the phase and line voltages and currents of a three phase Wye (Y)
connected load.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
 The students shall be able:
2.2 To measure and compute the line and phase value of voltages and currents of a three phase Wye
(Y) connected load.
3. Discussion:
In this connection the similar ends of each coil are joined together at a common point called neutral point
(N). Such an interconnected system is known as four-wire, 3-phase system and is shown in Figure 2.1

Figure 2.1

The line currents (IA, IB and IC) and phase currents (IAN, IBN and ICN) are equal.

│IA│= │IB│=│IC│=│IAN│=│IBN│=│ICN│
The neutral wire will carry the neutral current which is the vector sum of the three currents I A, IB and
IC. If the load is symmetrically balance this neutral current will be equal to zero because they will have the
same magnitude but are 120° out of phase with each other.

IN = IA + IB + IC ; if balanced load IN = 0
 Figure 2.2
However the phase voltages (VAN , VBN and VCN) is less than their respective line voltages (V AB, VBC and
VCA) since more than a single phase is connected across two lines. Considering the vector diagram, we can
see that VAB = √3VAN, VBC = √3VBN and VCA = √3VCN

Considering the load is balanced, the phase voltages are of the same magnitude.
│VAN│= │VBN│=│VCN│

And │VAN│+ │VBN│+│VCN│= 0 Therefore VLL = √3Vph; if balanced.

4. Resources:
1 - System Frame 91-200
1 – Universal Power Supply 60-105
40 - Standard Set of Patch Leads 68-800
2 – Rectifier Voltmeter & Ammeter 68-117
1 – Switched Three Phase Inductive Load 67-312
1 – Switched Three Phase Resistive Load 67-142
1 – Switched Three Phase Capacitive Load 67-212
1 - Electronic Single and Three Phase Measurement 68-100
5. Procedure:

8. On the page of actual wiring diagram shown in Figure 2.4, draw the connection of the circuit as shown
in Figure 2.3. Have it check by your instructor. Note that you cannot proceed with the experiment
until you get the right connection; this is to ensure that before you energize the trainer, you already
have the right connection to avoid blowing of fuses of the modules that will delay you on finishing your
experiment. In case you give up in determining the right connection, you can ask your instructor to
show you the right connection in the consequence of deduction on your score on your rubric for
the corresponding criteria.
9. Before connecting the modules make sure you check the Universal Power Supply 60-105 breaker is
switched off then connect the modules according to the actual wiring diagram that you draw.
10. Referring to Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4, turn on the switch/es of the three phase resistive, inductive and
capacitive load to give the load value required for each trial.
11. Before switching on the 3 phase breaker of the universal power supply make sure the knob of the
variable output control is at 0%. Switch on the breaker, then slowly turn the knob of the power
supply until you reach the desired voltage as shown on the conventional meter 68-117.
12. Measure the voltage/s and current/s on each trial using measurement modules 60-105, 68-204 and 68-
117 and record the results on Table 2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4.
13. After finishing all the trials, turn the knob of the variable output control to 0%, then switch off the three
phase circuit breaker.
14. Compare the results with the computed values.
Schematic Wiring Diagram

Figure 2.3

Course: Experiment No.:

Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

6. Data and Results:

Actual Wiring Connection

Figure 2.4

Table 2.1: Line Currents

Trial IL1 ICOM %diff IL2 ICOM %diff IL3 ICOM %diff
1. R1L1C1
2. R2L2C2
3. R3L3C3 Table 2.2: Phase
Currents
Trial IP1 ICOM %diff IP2 ICOM %diff IP3 ICOM %diff
1. R1L1C1
2. R2L2C2
3. R3L3C3
 Table 2.3: Line Voltages
Trial VL1 VCOM %diff VL2 VCOM %diff VL3 VCOM %diff
1. R1L1C1
2. R2L2C2
3. R3L3C3

Table 2.4: Phase Voltages

Trial VP1 VCOM %diff VP2 VCOM %diff VP3 VCOM %diff
1. R1L1C1
2. R2L2C2
3. R3L3C3
Computation:
7. Analysis and Interpretation
8. Conclusion:
9. Assessment:
 BEGINNE ACCEPTABL PROFICIEN
CRITERIA SCORE
R1 E2 T3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally
Manipulative Members always
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
Skills demonstrate needed skills.
skills. skills
Members are unable Members are able to Members are able to set-up
Experimental
to set-up the set-up the materials the material with minimum
Set-up
materials. with supervision. supervision.
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.
Members do not Members follow safety
Safety Members follow safety
follow safety precautions most of
Precautions precautions. the time. precautions at all times.
II. Work Habits
Time
Members do not finish Members finish on Members finish ahead of
Management /
on time with time with incomplete time with complete data
Conduct of
incomplete data. data. and time to revise data.
Experiment
Members have
Members do not know
defined Members are on tasks and
their tasks and have
responsibilities most have defined
no defined
Cooperative and of the time. Group responsibilities at all times.
responsibilities.
Teamwork conflicts are Group conflicts are
Group conflicts have
cooperatively cooperatively managed at
to be settled by the
managed most of the all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Ability to do Members require
occasional Members do not need to be
independent supervision by the
supervision by the supervised by the teacher.
work teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛� = × 100
24
10. Reference(s):
Irwin, David (2011). “Engineering Circuit Analysis” (10th ed.)
Laboratory Experiment No. 3
Balanced Three – Phase DELTA – Connected Load
1. Objective(s):
1.1 To measure and differentiate the phase and line voltages and currents of a three phase DELTA
connected load.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able:
2.3 To measure and compute the line and phase value of voltages and currents of a three phase DELTA
connected load.
3. Discussion:
In this form of connection, the dissimilar ends of the three phase winding are joined together. This type of
configuration is very common and does not possess neutral connection as shown in figure 3.1. In this
configuration the voltage in any pair of lines is equal to the phase winding connected between the two
lines considered. We can say that
VLL =VPH

Figure 3.1

Figure 3.2

The line currents are not same as the phase currents but are √3 times phase current displaced -30° in
phase from the phase current as it is seen in the vector diagram of figure 3.2.
│IA│= │IAB – ICA │ │IB│= │IBC – IAB │ │IC│= │ICA – IBC │

4. Resources:
1 - System Frame 91-200
1 – Universal Power Supply 60-105
40 - Standard Set of Patch Leads 68-800
2 – Rectifier Voltmeter & Ammeter 68-117
1 – Switched Three Phase Inductive Load 67-312
1 – Switched Three Phase Resistive Load 67-142
1 – Switched Three Phase Capacitive Load 67-212
1 - Electronic Single and Three Phase Measurement 68-100
5. Procedure:
15. On the page of actual wiring diagram shown in Figure 3.4, draw the connection of the circuit as
shown in Figure 3.3. Have it check by your instructor. Note that you cannot proceed with the
experiment until you get the right connection; this is to ensure that before you energize the
trainer, you already have the right connection to avoid blowing of fuses of the modules that will delay
you on finishing your experiment. In case you give up in determining the right connection, you can
ask your instructor to show you the right connection in the consequence of deduction on your
score on your rubric for the corresponding criteria.
16. Before connecting the modules make sure you check the Universal Power Supply 60-105 beaker is
switched off then connect the modules according to the actual wiring diagram that you draw.
17. Referring to Table 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4, turn on the switch/es of the three phase resistive, inductive
and capacitive load to give the load value required for each trial.
18. Before switching on the 3 phase breaker of the universal power supply make sure the knob of the
variable output control is at 0%. Switch on the breaker, then slowly turn the knob of the power
supply until you reach the desired voltage as shown on the conventional meter 68-117.
19. Measure the voltage/s and current/s on each trial using measurement modules 60-105, 68-204 and
68-117 and record the results on Table 3.1, 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4.
20. After finishing all the trials, turn the knob of the variable output control to 0%, then switch off the
three phase circuit breaker.
21. Compare the results with the computed values.
Schematic Wiring Diagram

Figure 3.3

Course: Experiment No.:

Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

6. Data and Results:

Actual Wiring Connection

Figure 3.4
Table 3.1: Line Currents

Trial IL1 ICOM %diff IL2 ICOM %diff IL3 ICOM %diff
1. R1L1C1
2. R2L2C2
3. R3L3C3

Table 3.2: Phase

Currents
Trial IP1 ICOM %diff IP2 ICOM %diff IP3 ICOM %diff
1. R1L1C1
2. R2L2C2
3. R3L3C3
 Table 3.3: Line Voltages
Trial VL1 VCOM %diff VL2 VCOM %diff VL3 VCOM %diff
1. R1L1C1
2. R2L2C2
3. R3L3C3

Table 3.4: Phase Voltages

Trial VP1 VCOM %diff VP2 VCOM %diff VP3 VCOM %diff
1. R1L1C1
2. R2L2C2
3. R3L3C3
Computation:
7. Analysis and Interpretation:
8. Conclusion:
9. Assessment:
BEGINNE ACCEPTABLE PROFICIEN
CRITERIA SCORE
R 2 T
 1 3

I. Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Manipulative
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
Skills skills. skills skills.
Members are unable Members are able to Members are able to set
Experimental
to set – up the set – up the materials – up the material with
Set – up
materials. with supervision. minimum supervision.
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.
Members follow safety
Safety Members do not follow Members follow safety
precautions most of
Precautions safety precautions. precautions at all times.
the time.
II. Work Habits
Time
Members do not finish Members finish on Members finish ahead of
Management /
on time with time with incomplete time with complete data
Conduct of
incomplete data. data. and time to revise data.
Experiment
Members have
Members do not know
defined Members are on tasks
their tasks and have
responsibilities most and have defined
no defined
Cooperative of the time. Group responsibilities at all
responsibilities.
and Teamwork conflicts are times. Group conflicts
Group conflicts have
cooperatively are cooperatively
to be settled by the
managed most of the managed at all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Ability to do Members require Members do not need to
occasional
independent supervision by the be supervised by the
supervision by the
work teacher. teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛� = × 100
24
10. Reference(s):
Irwin, David (2011). “Engineering Circuit Analysis” (10th ed.)
Laboratory Experiment No. 4
Balanced Three – Phase Parallel DELTA-WYE Connected Load
1. Objective(s):
1.1 To evaluate a more complex three phase system using delta – wye combination of parallel load.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
 The students shall be able:
2.4 To measure and compute for the total line voltages, currents and power of a three phase parallel
DELTA – WYE connected load.
3. Discussion:
After knowing the principle of the phase and line voltages and currents of delta and wye connected load,
we will engage with the more complex circuits that involves paralleling of the two interconnection of the
three – phase system.
In a single phase AC circuit, loads in each branch have the same voltage and the total current is divided
into what we call branch currents using Kirchhoff’s voltage and current law.
Kirchhoff’s current law: Kirchhoff’s voltage law:
∑ �𝑛𝑜𝑑𝑒 = 0 𝑜𝑟 �𝑖𝑛 = �𝑜𝑢𝑡 ∑ �𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑝 = 0 𝑜𝑟 �𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑐𝑒 = �𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + �𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 The
principle of Kirchhoff’s Law in a single phase system is very useful in analyzing current and voltages in a
three phase system, however line and parameter should profoundly observe.
Examine Figure 3.2 A balanced three phase connected wye- connected is connected to two balanced 3
– phase loads the first connected in delta and the other is wye. According to Kirchhoff’s current law the
algebraic sum of current is zero, or the total current is equal to the sum of the branch currents (as per
figure 3.2) in the first branch Wye connected the line current is equal to its phase delta - connected loads
will have difference in the line and phase currents. The line current is equal to √3 times its respective
phase current. Such case must be considered in analyzing a more complex three – phase system.

Figure 4.1
The total active or real power in a three phase circuit is equal to the sum of power in each phase.
Considering a balanced load, the power I each phase is equal, therefore
P30 = 3Vpn Ipn cos
Now, assume a wye – connected balanced load(can be applied also to delta connected load),
VLL = √3 Vph : IL = Iph
Hence in term of line voltage and current the total active power
P30 = √3VLL IL cos
Where:
P30 = Three phase total active power
Vph = Phase voltage
Iph = Phase current
VLL= line to line voltage
IL = Line current
cos = Power factor of the circuit
4. Resources:
1 – System Frame 91 – 200
1 – Universal Power Supply 60 – 105
40 – Standard Set of Patch Leads 68 – 800
2 – Rectifier Voltmeter & Ammeter 68 – 117
1 – Switched Three Phase Inductive Load 67 – 312
1 – Switched Three Phase Resistive Load 67 – 142
1 – Switched Three Phase Capacitive Load 67 – 212
1 – Electronic Single and Three Phase Measurement 68 – 100
5. Procedure:
22. On the page of actual wiring diagram shown in Figure 4.3, draw the connection of the circuit as
shown in Figure 4.2. Have it check by your instructor. Note that you cannot proceed with the
experiment until you get the right connection; this is to ensure that before you energize the
trainer, you already have the right connection to avoid blowing of fuses of the modules that will delay
you on finishing your experiment. In case you give up in determining the right connection, you can
ask your instructor to show you the right connection in the consequence of deduction on your
score on your rubric for the corresponding criteria.
23. Before connecting the modules make sure you check the Universal Power Supply 60-105 breaker
is switched off then connect the modules according to the actual wiring diagram that you draw.
24. Referring to Table 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5, turn on the switch/es of the three phase resistive,
inductive and capacitive load to give the load value required for each trial.
25. Before switching on the 3 phase breaker of the universal power supply make sure the knob of the
variable output control is at 0%. Switch on the breaker, then slowly turn the knob of the power
supply until you reach the desired voltage as shown on the conventional meter 68-117.
26. Measure the voltage/s and current/s on each trial using measurement modules 60-105, 68-204 and
68-117 and record the results on Table 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5
27. After finishing all the trials, turn the knob of the variable output control to 0%, then switch off the
three phase circuit breaker.
28. Compare the results with the computed values.

Course: Experiment No.:

Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

6. Data and Results:

Schematic Wiring Diagram

Figure 4.2
Actual Wiring Connection

Figure 4.3
 Table 4.1: WYE Line Currents
Trial IL1 ICOM %diff IL2 ICOM %diff IL3 ICOM %diff
1. R1L1//C1
2. R2L2//C2
3. R3L3//C3
4. R1C1//L1
5. R2C2//L2
6. R3C3//L3
Table 4.2: WYE Phase Voltage
Trial VP1 VCOM %diff VP2 VCOM %diff VP3 VCOM %diff
1. R1L1//C1
2. R2L2//C2
3. R3L3//C3
4. R1C1//L1
5. R2C2//L2
6. R3C3//L3
Table 4.3: DELTA Line Voltages
Trial VL1 VCOM %diff VL2 VCOM %diff VL3 VCOM %diff
1. R1L1//C1
2. R2L2//C2
3. R3L3//C3
4. R1C1//L1
5. R2C2//L2
6. R3C3//L3
Table 4.4: DELTA Phase Currents
Trial IP1 ICOM %diff IP2 ICOM %diff IP3 ICOM %diff
1. R1L1//C1
2. R2L2//C2
3. R3L3//C3
4. R1C1//L1
5. R2C2//L2
6. R3C3//L3
Table 4.5: Power
Trial PWYE PCOM %diff PDELTA PCOM %diff PT PCOM %diff
1. R1L1//C1
2. R2L2//C2
3. R3L3//C3
4. R1C1//L1
5. R2C2//L2
6. R3C3//L3
7. Analysis and Interpretation:
8. Conclusion:
9. Assessment:
 BEGINNE ACCEPTABLE PROFICIEN
CRITERIA SCORE
R 2 T
1 3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally
Manipulative Members always
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
Skills skills. skills demonstrate needed skills.
Members are unable Members are able to Members are able to set-
Experimental
to set-up the set-up the materials up the material with
Set-up
materials. with supervision. minimum supervision.
Members do not
Members occasionally Members always
demonstrate
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
targeted process
process skills. process skills.
skills.
Members do not Members follow safety
Safety Members follow safety
follow safety precautions most of the
Precautions precautions. time. precautions at all times.
II. Work Habits
Time
Members do not Members finish ahead of
Management Members finish on time
finish on time with time with complete data
/ Conduct of with incomplete data.
incomplete data. and time to revise data.
Experiment
Members do not
Members have defined Members are on tasks and
know their tasks and
responsibilities most of have defined
Cooperative have no defined
the time. Group responsibilities at all times.
and responsibilities.
conflicts are Group conflicts are
Teamwork Group conflicts have
cooperatively managed cooperatively managed at
to be settled by the
most of the time. all times.
teacher.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess during
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Ability to do Members require Members require
Members do not need to be
independent supervision by the occasional supervision
supervised by the teacher.
work teacher. by the teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛� = × 100
24
10. Reference(s):
Irwin, David (2011). “Engineering Circuit Analysis” (10th ed.)
Laboratory Experiment No. 5
Unbalanced Three – Phase WYE and DELTA Connected Load
1. Objective(s):
1.1 To identify the difference of voltage and current of balance and unbalanced three phase load and to
quantify voltage, current and power of each unbalanced load
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
 The students shall be able:
2.5 To measure and compute for line voltages, currents and power of a three phase unbalanced
connected load.
3. Discussion:
Any polyphase load in which the impedances in one or more phases differ from the impedances of other
phases is said to be an unbalanced load. We will now consider different methods to handle unbalanced
star – connected and delta – connected loads.
Unbalanced delta connected loads
An unbalanced delta connected load has no dofference with the balanced delt load in terms of
computing for the current and power in each leg, because the total or line current is equal to it
respective phase voltage. Consider the formula below with respect to figure 5.1
Positive sequence:
�𝐿𝐿⦟0° �𝐿𝐿⦟−120° �𝐿𝐿⦟120°
�𝐴� = �𝐴�
; � �� = ���
;� �𝐴 = ��𝐴

Figure 5.1
Power
The total active or real power in a three phase circuit is equal to the sum of power in each phase.
�3𝜃 = �𝐴� + ��� + ��𝐴
or
�3𝜃 = |�𝐿𝐿�𝐴� cos 𝜃𝐴�|𝐴� + |�𝐿𝐿��� cos 𝜃��|�� + |�𝐿𝐿��𝐴 cos 𝜃�𝐴|
�𝐴
Where:
�3𝜃 = Three – phase total active power
�𝐴�−��−�𝐴 = Phase voltages on leg AB, BC, and CA
�𝐴�−��−�𝐴 = phase currents on AB, BC and CA
�𝐿𝐿 = line to line voltage
cos 𝜃 = Powe factor of each load

Unbalanced Wye – Connected Load

If the unbalanced load is connected Wye, it is easier to consider three different single phase loads with a
common return wire. An unbalanced wye – connected load must be solved using any of the two
methods.
 1. Convert the wye – connected load to its equivalent delta and solve the line currents and power
as in delta solution.
2. Using Maxwell’s Mesh Theorem.

Figure 5.2
Maxwell’s Mesh equations:
(�𝐴� + ���)�1 − ����2 = �𝐴�
−����1 + (��� + ��𝐴)�2 = ���
After solving for I1 and I2 then,
�𝐴 = �1�𝐴 = �1�𝐴 = �1
4. Resources:
1 – System Frame 91 – 200
1 – Universal Power Supply 60 – 105
40 – Standard Set of Patch Leads 68 – 800
2 – Rectifier Voltmeter & Ammeter 68 – 117
1 – Switched Three Phase Inductive Load 67 – 312
1 – Switched Three Phase Resistive Load 67 – 142
1 – Switched Three Phase Capacitive Load 67 – 212
1 – Electronic Single and Three Phase Measurement 68 – 100
5. Procedure:
29. On the page of actual wiring diagram shown in Figure 5.5 and 5.6, draw the connection of the circuit
as shown in Figure 5.3 and 5.4. Have it check by your instructor. Note that you cannot proceed
with the experiment until you get the right connection; this is to ensure that before you
energize the trainer, you already have the right connection to avoid blowing of fuses of the modules
that will delay you on finishing your experiment. In case you give up in determining the right
connection, you can ask your instructor to show you the right connection in the consequence of
deduction on your score on your rubric for the corresponding criteria.
30. Before connecting the modules make sure you check the Universal Power Supply 60-105 breaker
is switched off then connect the modules according to the actual wiring diagram that you draw.
31. Referring to Table 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5, turn on the switch/es of the three phase resistive,
inductive and capacitive load to give the load value required for each trial.
32. Before switching on the 3 phase breaker of the universal power supply make sure the knob of the
variable output control is at 0%. Switch on the breaker, then slowly turn the knob of the power
supply until you reach the desired voltage as shown on the conventional meter 68 – 117.
33. Measure the voltage/s and current/s on each trial using measurement modules 60 – 105, 68 – 204
and 68-117 and record the results on Table 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4 and 5.5.
34. After finishing all the trials, turn the knob of the variable output control to 0%, then switch off the
three phase circuit breaker.
35. Compare the results with the computed values.

Schematic Wiring Diagram

Figure 5.3

Figure 5.4

Course: Experiment No.:

Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

6. Data and Results:

Actual Wiring Connection

Figure 5.5: Unbalanced Delta Connected Loads

 Figure 5.6: Unbalanced Wye Connected Loads

Table 5.1: WYE Line Currents

Phase Phase Phase
IL1 ICOM %diff IL2 ICOM %diff IL3 ICOM %diff
A B C
RL LC RC
RLC LC RC
RL RLC RC
RL LC RLC

Table 5.2: WYE Phase Voltage

Phase Phase Phase
VP1 VCOM %diff VP2 VCOM %diff VP3 VCOM %diff
A B C
RL LC RC
RLC LC RC
RL RLC RC
RL LC RLC
 Table 5.3: DELTA Line Voltages
Phas Phas Phas
VL1 VCOM %diff VL2 VCOM %diff VL3 VCOM %diff
eA eB eC
RL LC RC
RLC LC RC
RL RLC RC
RL LC RLC

Table 5.4: DELTA Phase Currents

Phase Phase Phase
IP1 ICOM %diff IP2 ICOM %diff IP3 ICOM %diff
A B C
RL LC RC
RLC LC RC
RL RLC RC
RL LC RLC
Computation:
7. Analysis and Interpretation:
8. Conclusion:
9. Assessment:
 BEGINNE ACCEPTABLE PROFICIEN
CRITERIA SCORE
R 2 T
1 3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Manipulative
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
Skills skills. skills skills.
Members are able to
Members are able to
Experimental Members are unable to set – up the material
set – up the materials
Set-up set – up the materials. with minimum
with supervision.
supervision.
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.
Members follow safety
Safety Members do not follow Members follow safety
precautions most of
Precautions safety precautions. the time. precautions at all times.
II. Work Habits
Time Members finish ahead
Members do not finish Members finish on
Management / of time with complete
on time with time with incomplete
Conduct of data and time to revise
incomplete data. data.
Experiment data.
Members have
Members do not know defined Members are on tasks
their tasks and have no responsibilities most and have defined
Cooperative and defined of the time. Group responsibilities at all
Teamwork responsibilities. Group conflicts are times. Group conflicts
conflicts have to be cooperatively are cooperatively
settled by the teacher. managed most of the managed at all times.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Ability to do Members require Members do not need
occasional
independent supervision by the to be supervised by the
supervision by the
work teacher. teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛� = × 100
24
10. Reference(s):
Irwin, David (2011). “Engineering Circuit Analysis” (10th ed.)
Laboratory Experiment No. 6
Power Measurement in Three Phase Circuit Using Two
Wattmeter
1. Objective(s):
1.1 To familiarize the difference method of measuring Active power of a balanced three phase load using
two wattmeter method and how it is connected to a three phase system.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:
2.6 To compute for line voltages, currents and power of a three phase system using two wattmeter
method.
3. Discussion:
Another method of measuring the active power of a balanced three – phase circuit is through two –
wattmeter method. This method gives true power in the 3-phase circuit without regard to balance or wave
form provided in the case of Y-connected load. The neutral of the load is isolated from the neutral of the
source of power. Or if there is a neutral connection, the neutral wire should not carry any current.
As shown in Figure 6.1, the current coils of the two wattmeters are inserted in any two lines and the
potential coil of each joined to the third line. It can prove that the sum of the instantaneous powers
indicated by W1 and W2 gives the instantaneous power absorbed by the three loads in each leg.

Figure 6.1

4. Resources:
1 - System Frame 91 – 200
1 – Universal Power Supply 60 – 105
40 – Standard Set of Patch Leads 68 – 800
2 – Rectifier Voltmeter & Ammeter 68 – 117
1 – Switched Three Phase Inductive Load 67 – 312
1 – Switched Three Phase Resistive Load 67 – 142
1 – Switched Three Phase Capacitive Load 67 – 212
1 – Electronic Single and Three Phase Measurement 68 – 100
2 – Electrodynamic Wattmeter 68-204
5. Procedure:
36. On the page of actual wiring diagram shown in Figure 6.4 and 6.5, draw the connection of the circuit as
shown in Figure 6.2 and 6.3. Have it check by your instructor. Note that you cannot proceed with
the experiment until you get the right connection; this is to ensure that before you energize the
trainer, you already have the right connection to avoid blowing of fuses of the modules that will delay
you on finishing your experiment. In case you give up in determining the right connection, you can ask
your instructor to show you the right connection in the consequence of deduction on your score on
your rubric for the corresponding criteria.
37. Before connecting the modules make sure you check the Universal Power Supply 60-105 beaker is
switched off then connect the modules according to the actual wiring diagram that you draw.
38. Referring to Table 6.1 and 6.2, turn on the switch/es of the three phase resistive, inductive and
capacitive load to give the load value required for each trial.
39. Before switching on the 3 phase breaker of the universal power supply make sure the knob of the
variable output control is at 0%. Switch on the breaker, then slowly turn the knob of the power
supply until you reach the desired voltage as shown on the conventional meter 68-117.
40. Measure the voltage/s and current/s on each trial using measurement modules 60-105, 68-204 and 68-
117 and record the results on Table 6.1 and 6.2.
41. After finishing all the trials, turn the knob of the variable output control to 0%, then switch off the three
phase circuit breaker.
42. Compare the results with the computed values.

Course: Experiment No.:

Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

6. Data and Results:

Schematic Wiring Diagram

Figure 6.2: Wye Connection

Figure 6.3: Delta Connection

Actual Wiring Connection

Figure 6.4 Wye Actual Connection

Table 6.1: Wye Connected Loads

Trial P1 PCOM %diff P2 PCOM %diff PF PFCOM %diff
R
RC
RL
RLC
Computations:
 Figure 6.5: Delta Actual Connection

Table 6.2: Delta Connected Loads

Trial P1 PCOM %diff P2 PCOM %diff PF PFCOM %diff
R
RC
RL
RLC
Computations:
7. Analysis and Interpretation:
8. Conclusion:
9. Assessment:
 BEGINNE ACCEPTABL PROFICIEN
CRITERIA SCORE
R1 E2 T3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally
Manipulative Members always
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
Skills demonstrate needed skills.
skills. skills
Members are unable Members are able to Members are able to set-up
Experimental
to set-up the set-up the materials the material with minimum
Set-up
materials. with supervision. supervision.
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.
Members do not Members follow safety
Safety Members follow safety
follow safety precautions most of
Precautions precautions. the time. precautions at all times.
II. Work Habits
Time
Members do not finish Members finish on Members finish ahead of
Management /
on time with time with incomplete time with complete data
Conduct of
incomplete data. data. and time to revise data.
Experiment
Members have
Members do not know
defined Members are on tasks and
their tasks and have
responsibilities most have defined
no defined
Cooperative and of the time. Group responsibilities at all times.
responsibilities.
Teamwork conflicts are Group conflicts are
Group conflicts have
cooperatively cooperatively managed at
to be settled by the
managed most of the all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Ability to do Members require
occasional Members do not need to be
independent supervision by the
supervision by the supervised by the teacher.
work teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛� = × 100
24
10.Reference(s):
Irwin, David (2011). “Engineering Circuit Analysis” (10th ed.)
Laboratory Experiment No. 7
POWER Measurement in Three Phase Circuit Using Three
Wattmeter
1. Objective(s):
1.1 To familiarize the different method of measuring Active power of balanced three phase load using three
wattmeter method and how it is connected to a three phase system
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:
2.7 To compute for line voltages, currents and power of a three phase system using three wattmeter
method.
3. Discussion:
In this method, the three wattmeters are inserted in each leg of the wye connected load as shown in figure
7.1. The current coil of each wattmeter carries the current of one phase only and the pressure coil measures
the phase – voltage of this phase. Hence, each wattmeter measures the power in a single phase. The
algebraic sum of the readings of three wattmeters must give the total power in the load.

Figure 7.1: Wye Connected Loads

4. Resources:
1 – System Frame 91 – 200
1 – Universal Power Supply 60 – 105
40 – Standard Set of Patch Leads 68 – 800
2 – Rectifier Voltmeter & Ammeter 68 – 117
1 – Switched Three Phase Inductive Load 67 – 312
1 – Switched Three Phase Resistive Load 67 – 142
1 – Switched Three Phase Capacitive Load 67 – 212
1 – Electronic Single and Three Phase Measurement 68 – 100
5. Procedure:
43. On the page of actual wiring diagram shown in Figure 7.2, draw the connection of the circuit as shown
in Figure 7.1. Have it check by your instructor. Note that you cannot proceed with the experiment until
you get the right connection; this is to ensure that before you energize the trainer, you already have the
right connection to avoid blowing of fuses of the modules that will delay you on finishing your
experiment. In case you give up in determining the right connection, you can ask your instructor to show
you the right connection in the consequence of deduction on your score on your rubric for the
corresponding criteria.
44. Before connecting the modules make sure you check the Universal Power Supply 60-105 beaker is
switched off then connect the modules according to the actual wiring diagram that you draw.
45. Referring to Table 7.1, turn on the switch/es of the three phase resistive, inductive and capacitive load
to give the load value required for each trial.
46. Before switching on the 3 phase breaker of the universal power supply make sure the knob of the
variable output control is at 0%. Switch on the breaker, then slowly turn the knob of the power supply
until you reach the desired voltage as shown on the conventional meter 68-117.
47. Measure the voltage/s and current/s on each trial using measurement modules 60-105, 68-204 and 68-
117 and record the results on Table 7.1.
48. After finishing all the trials, turn the knob of the variable output control to 0%, then switch off the three
phase circuit breaker.
49. Compare the results with the computed values.
Course: Experiment No.:
Group No.: Section:
Group Members: Date Performed:
Date Submitted:
Instructor:

6. Data and Results:

Actual Wiring Connection

Figure 7.2: Wye Actual Connection

 Table 7.1: Wye Connected Loads

Trial P1 PCOM %diff P2 PCOM %diff P3 PCOM %diff

1. R
2. RC
3. RL
4. RLC
Computation:
7. Analysis and Interpretation:
8. Conclusion:
9. Assessment:
BEGINNE ACCEPTABL PROFICIEN
CRITERIA SCORE
R1 E2 T3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members do not Members occasionally
Manipulative Members always
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
Skills demonstrate needed skills.
skills. skills
Members are unable Members are able to Members are able to set-up
Experimental
to set-up the set-up the materials the material with minimum
Set-up
materials. with supervision. supervision.
Members do not Members occasionally Members always
Process Skills demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.
Members do not Members follow safety
Safety Members follow safety
follow safety precautions most of
Precautions precautions. the time. precautions at all times.
II. Work Habits
Time
Members do not finish Members finish on Members finish ahead of
Management /
on time with time with incomplete time with complete data
Conduct of
incomplete data. data. and time to revise data.
Experiment
Members have
Members do not know
defined Members are on tasks and
their tasks and have
responsibilities most have defined
no defined
Cooperative and of the time. Group responsibilities at all times.
responsibilities.
Teamwork conflicts are Group conflicts are
Group conflicts have
cooperatively cooperatively managed at
to be settled by the
managed most of the all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Ability to do Members require
occasional Members do not need to be
independent supervision by the
supervision by the supervised by the teacher.
work teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑆𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒)
𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛� = × 100
24
10.Reference(s):
Irwin, David (2011). “Engineering Circuit Analysis” (10th ed.)