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 Functional language bank

Classroom language Making suggestions

Instructions (affirmative) Making suggestions
Sit down, please. How about minigolf?
Open your book at page 22. Why don’t we go horse riding?
Answer the questions. What about going to the skateboarding park?
I’d prefer to go on the climbing wall.
Instructions (negative)
Don’t use your mobile phone in class. Responding to suggestions
Don’t write in your textbook. Sorry, I’d rather not.
Good idea!
Asking for help That sounds great.
Sorry, I don’t understand.
Can you say that again, please?
How do you say that in English?
Ordering food
Waiter
Requests with can and could Are you ready to order?
Would you like a starter?
Requests What would you like for your main course?
Can you help me, please? Would you like anything to drink?
Could you buy me a new calculator? Any dessert for you, sir?
Responses to requests Customer
Sure. No problem. I’d like some tomato soup.
Yes, of course. Can I have a glass of orange juice, please?
Can we see the menu, please?
Asking for and giving directions Here you are.
Asking for directions No, I’m fine, thanks.
Excuse me. Where’s the park?
How do you get to South Park, please? Buying clothes
Which way is the … ? Sales assistant
Could you tell us / me how to get to … ? Can I help you?
Do you know how to get to … ? Do you need any help?
Can you help us? What size are you?
We’re looking for … . The changing room’s over there.
Giving directions We have it in blue, green or pink.
Cross the road. Here you are.
Take the second road on the left. It’s half price this week. So it’s only £12.
Go straight on. I’m afraid not.
At the cinema, turn right into Friday Street. Customer
The park is on the left, opposite the theatre. I’m looking for some black jeans.
Go along this road, towards / away from the … . How much are they?
Then walk past the … . Can I try them on, please?
Turn right / left into … . They’re too small. Have you got a bigger size?
It’s the first / second / third road … . Does this scarf come in a different colour?
When you reach the end of … , you’ll see … . Could I see the pink one, please?
It’s very near here. How much does it cost?
When you get to … , turn right / left.

Asking for repetition

Sorry, I didn’t get that.
Could you say that again?
Sorry, I’m not sure I understood. Could you repeat that,
please?

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 Functional language bank

Talking about illness Apologising

I’m sorry, she’s not here.
Asking about someone’s health
I’m afraid Mr Harris isn’t at his desk.
What’s the problem?
You don’t look very well. Are you OK? Offering to give a message
Do you feel sick? Do you want to leave a message?
Are you worried about anything? I’ll tell her you called.
Can I take a message?
Describing problems
I’ve got a really bad headache.
I can’t sleep at night. Asking for personal information
I feel really dizzy. Asking for personal information
I’ve got a bad sore throat. How do you know … ?
Where are you from?
Giving advice What’s it like there?
Try to relax. What do you think of … ?
Don’t think about school work or exams before bedtime. What do you do … ?
You should sit down. Are you into … ?
You should raise your feet. What about you?
I think you should see a doctor. Have you got any … ?
Are you good at … ?
Talking about your weekend
Reacting
Asking about someone’s weekend
Me neither,
How was your weekend?
Really?
What about your weekend?
It’s very different from … .
Did you have a good time?
Actually, I love it.
Responding I usually … .
It was fantastic, thanks. Yes, I am. That sounds great.
It was a disaster! I’m not bad.
It was great. Me too!
It was brilliant.
Talking about similarities and
Expressing interest
That sounds fun.
differences
Wow! Lucky you! (We) have a lot in common.
Really? (We’re) both (keen on …).
How brilliant. Neither of us (likes …).
(Many things are) similar.
Expressing sympathy (The subjects) are like (the subjects I study at home).
Bad luck? (Other things are) different.
Oh no! Poor you! (It’s warm and sunny,) in contrast to (England).
That’s a shame. (The language) is not the same.
(Helen is quite shy –) unlike (me).
Talking on the phone (We) have nothing in common.
(The people are) different from (people in Australia).
Giving / Asking for your name
(Other things are) the same.
Is that Sarah?
(Food is) the same as (the food at home).
Who’s calling please?
(School is) similar to (Australian schools).
It’s Jack.
(It’s) just like (home).
This is Tessa Grey.

Asking to speak to someone

Can I speak to Sarah, please?
Could you put me through to Mr Harris, please?

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 Functional language bank

Inviting Responding to offers

It’s OK. I’m just looking.
Inviting
That’d be great, but are you sure?
Do you want to come?
Thanks, that’s really kind.
Would you like to come with me?
Why don’t you come with us? Responding to suggestions
What about (8.30) then, (in the park). Sorry, I can’t.
I don’t know if I can.
Responding
All right then.
That’s a good idea.
Sounds like a good idea.
Thanks, but I’m busy.
Oh, that’s a shame. Approving suggestions
Really? That sounds like a really good idea.
What time are you meeting? That might be the best place for it.
I can’t make it at (six). … will help illustrate that.
That sounds great. See you there! OK, you’ve convinced me!
That might be the solution.
Keeping a conversation going
I think that’s an excellent point.
What do you think?
They’ve got … , right? Rejecting suggestions
Where’s that? I’m not sure this is the right place.
Are a lot of people going? Maybe, although … – don’t you agree?
Perhaps we should think again.
Asking permission Well, I’m not convinced.
Asking permission We’re not going to see eye to eye on this one!
Could I (use a dictionary), please? I don’t think that’s the best choice.
Can I please (borrow your T-shirt)?
Is it OK if I use … ? Asking for and giving advice
Is it all right if I stay … ? Asking for advice
Could I have my (pocket money)? What do you think I should do?
Do you mind if I go? What’s your advice?
Should I … ?
Responding
What else would you advise?
Of course you can.
Sure, no problem. Giving advice
Here, go ahead. You ought to … .
That depends. Maybe it’s a good idea to … .
Thanks, (Joel), that’s helpful. If I were you, I’d … .
I’m afraid not. I think you should … .
Why don’t you … ?
Making offers and suggestions
Responding to advice
Making offers
I can’t, because … .
Can I help you?
That’s not a bad idea.
Do you want me to … ?
That’s a good idea.
I’ll meet you at one o’clock.
I don’t know about that.
I’ll help you look for it.
Thanks for the advice.
Making suggestions
Why don’t you … ? Expressing and justifying opinions
What / How about going … ? Expressing opinions
Why don’t we get the bus instead? For me, … .
We could have something from …  . In my view, … .
We might want to have a … , as well. It seems to me that … .
How about having … ? In my opinion, … .
Let’s look at … .
We should focus more on … .

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 Functional language bank
Justifying opinions seem
The reason I say that is … . Does he seem nice?
You can’t deny that … . He seems really easy-going.
look / look like / look as if
Conversation fillers
He looks younger that I expected.
Basically, … .
He doesn’t look like a typical head teacher.
Well, … .
She looks as if she’s an Olympic athlete.
You know, … .
He could be the new school secretary.
This guy looks nothing like him.
Persuading, agreeing and disagreeing This one looks much older than that.
Persuading He can’t be.
I think you’ll enjoy it.
You won’t be disappointed. Discussing requirements
You’ve got nothing to lose.
Introducing requirements
You’ll be glad you did.
My main concern about this area is … .
Let’s … .
It’s important to draw attention to … .
Agreeing It’s important to highlight neglected … .
I suppose so. Our main objective is to … .
I don’t know what you mean. One of our main goals involves … .
I really don’t mind.
Essential requirements
Perhaps you’re right.
What we really need is … .
OK, good idea.
For me it’s a must.
Disagreeing It’s essential / crucial to … .
I don’t think so. (A sports centre) would be a big plus.
I’m not sure about that.
Desirable requirements
Sorry, I don’t agree.
I think that’s a ‘nice-to-have’.
We could do with (a park).
Reaching a conclusion It might be an idea to have … .
Asking politely for information That could be useful for some people.
Could you tell me what sort of books you usually read?
Could you let us know what the book’s called? Evaluating requirements
I’m not convinced by (the sports club) … .
Persuading I think the last idea is the best.
I was hoping we could …, because … . It’s probably not that useful or practical.
Don’t you think we should … ? That should be the / a priority in this area.
Wouldn’t it be better to … ?
Doesn’t it make more sense to … ? Persuading and negotiating
Surely you have to agree that … ?
Persuading and negotiating
Delaying action If you … , I’ll give you … .
We don’t have to decide right now. You’ve got nothing to lose.
We could read it another time, maybe, but … . That sounds interesting, but … .
Let’s sleep on it and decide tomorrow. I’m not so sure … . I still think … .
You won’t be disappointed.
Asking for a decision I still think we should … .
What shall we decide on? Why don’t we … ?
Which one shall we go for? … don’t you agree?
Can we make a quick decision?
Reaching agreement
Speculating Well, you’ve persuaded me.
OK, let’s go for it.
Speculating
Modal verbs
He might be in his thirties.
He might understand us better.
She must be nearly two metres tall.

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 Functional language bank

Giving and reacting to news Expressing opinions

Well, if you ask me, I think … .
Giving news
As far as I’m concerned, … .
You’ll never guess what!
It would be a good idea to … .
I’ve got bad news.
In my opinion … .
I’ve got some good news.
To tell you the truth, … .
Have you heard about … ?
My view is that … .
I was just talking to Stanley, and he said that … .
For me … .
There’s some exciting / bad news about … .
I think we need to consider … .
It said on TV / the radio / the internet that … .
The point is that … .
Reacting to good news
Reacting to and acknowledging opinions and
Cool!
suggestions
Lucky … !
I’m not so sure (it is a bad idea).
How wonderful!
That’s just what I was thinking.
Really? That’s fantastic news!
That’s a great idea.
What a brilliant thing to happen!
I agree with you about that.
Well done!
I take your point, but … .
You’re kidding!
I see what you’re saying, but … .
That’s great news!
I understand that point of view.
Fantastic news!
I can see where you’re coming from.
You deserve it.
I appreciate what you’re saying … .
I’m really happy for you.
That makes sense to me.
Congratulations! Well done!

Reacting to bad news Apologizing and accepting apologies

Poor … ! Apologies
What a dreadful thing to happen!
What a shame! Informal apologies
I’m sorry to hear that. I’m very / so / really sorry.
You must be feeling upset. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean to.
Come on, cheer up. Please forgive me.
It’s not the end of the world. I feel really bad about it.
Try to look on the bright side. Formal apologies
Exclamations I (do) apologize for … .
Oh no! I’d like to apologize for … .
How awful! Please accept our apologies.
How terrible! We regret to inform you that … .
How exciting! It was very inconsiderate of me.
What rubbish! Accepting apologies
Accepting informal apologies
Asking for and expressing opinions That’s OK.
Asking for opinions It (really) doesn’t matter.
What do you think? Don’t worry about it.
What do you reckon? Never mind.
What’s your view on this?
Accepting formal apologies
If you want my opinion, … .
That’s quite alright.
Let’s say no more about it.

Showing the speaker you are not happy

Don’t let it happen again.
You’ve really let me down.
I didn’t expect that from you.

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 Functional language bank

Talking about photos Starting sentences or making a contrast with a

sentence before:
Locating
I shop in places like in the third photo; on the other hand.
in the background
It’s good to … .
in the foreground
But, if I were buying a present … .
in front of
The shops in photo two look quite cheap. In contrast, the
on the right / left
shop in photo one looks expensive.
next to
That’s (my cousin) on the left.
(My friends Liz and Dora are) just behind us. Complaining and asking people to do
things
Describing
Complaining
I can see that it’s … .
I’m sorry to bother you, but … .
It shows … .
I’m afraid there’s a slight problem.
In this photo, there is / are … .
Excuse me, I’ve been waiting … .
Speculating and reflecting I’m really not happy about … .
Judging by his face, … . I’m not satisfied with … .
He does look a bit … . I’d like to make a complaint about … .
It looks like it was … .
Asking people to do things
It doesn’t look like … .
Could you possibly … ?
It looks as though … .
Do you mind (+ -ing) … ?
It’s clear from the photo.
Would you mind (+ -ing) … ?
He’s obviously a … .
Can you … ?
He might be a … .
I wonder if you could … ?
Supposing that … .
I’d be grateful if you could … .
It’s hard to say.
That depends.
It can’t be. Giving presentations
I wonder if … . Introducing a topic
It’s safe to say that … . I’d like to talk to you today about … .
I’m going to look briefly at … .
Conceding a point In this presentation, my subject will be … .
Fair point, I didn’t notice that.
Well-spotted! Sequencing events
That’s an interesting point. I’ll begin by telling you … .
I see what you mean. Moving on to … .
Let’s begin by … .
Clarifying an opinion Now let’s look at … .
What I mean is, … .
That’s all I’m saying. Giving an example
That would explain … . To give you an example … .
In other words … . To illustrate this point … .
A good example of this is … .
Expressing contrast
Making contrasts between two points in the same Concluding
sentence: So, to conclude, … .
… shoppers have more choice, but you have to decide … . Finally, to sum up … .
… it might be more expensive, whereas the other shops In conclusion … .
look cheaper.
Although the shop … . I prefer the shops in the photo Asking for instructions, explanations
because … . and clarification
Asking for instructions
How do I do that?
How does it work?
What do I do next?

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Giving instructions Interrupting
Could you switch it on, please? Could I just interrupt here?
Now select the ‘settings’ option. Can I add something here?
First, switch it on. Sorry to interrupt, but … .
Then, choose … . Excuse me, can I just say … ?
Just turn it to … . Can I just come in here?
If I can interrupt for a moment, … .
Asking for repetition or clarification
Sorry, could you say that again, please? Dealing with interruptions
I don’t quite follow you. Hold on a minute, please.
I’m not quite sure … . If you could just let me finish, please, I was going to say
I’m sorry, I didn’t quite catch that. that … .
Are you saying that … ? Sorry, but could you just hear me out?
Can you just explain that again?
What do you mean exactly? Getting your point across
Could you explain what you mean? The main issue here is … .
The other important question is whether … .
Giving clarification What’s absolutely vital is … .
Let me put it another way.
What I mean is … . Encouraging
Tracy, would you like to add anything?
Checking that the listener understands Do you have anything to say about this?
Do you see what I mean?
Is everything clear so far? Being diplomatic
I see where you’re coming from, but … .
Confirming understanding I understand what you’re saying, but … .
I understand you, but … . I know what you’re getting at, but … .
Right, I’ve got that. OK, maybe you have a point.
Yes, that’s quite clear, thanks.
Well, that’s easy. Being undiplomatic
You must be joking!
I think you’re (both) missing the point.
Debating a controversial topic Oh, come on!
Chairing a debate That’s just not true.
Today’s debate is on the subject of … .
Who would like to start us off? Narrative adverbs
Thank you. Let’s have some other views now.
immediately
I’d like to move on now to … .
at first
Does anyone else have anything they’d like to add?
suddenly
Agreeing and expressing your point of view forceably soon
I think (Jessica) is absolutely right. at last
I agree with (Jessica).
That’s a good point. Abbreviations
That’s so true. e.g.
I firmly believe it’s … . tel.
I’m totally convinced that … . esp.
I’m absolutely certain that … St.
I’m completely certain that … etc.
There’s no doubt in my mind that … RSVP
asap
Disagreeing and expressing doubts PS
That’s not always the case. NB
I totally disagree with Tracy about … .
I’d say the exact opposite.
Not necessarily.
Adverbs of degree
I don’t know about that (at all). a little: a bit, rather, not very, slightly
I’m not convinced by that argument. a lot: incredibly, very, really, extremely, quite
I’m not sure that’s true.

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Evidence verbs Since (my cousins live in Morsham, I have the choice of
testify staying at their house).
examine Therefore (I would like to work on my writing skills).
assess As a result, (I would be very grateful if you could reply as
demonstrate soon as possible).
prove (… has also) resulted in (…).
suggest (globalization which) means (more exciting …).
Due to (advances in technology) … .
Expressing addition Consequently, (there has been) … .
(People are more open) on account of this (diversity).
(He’s) also broken many records.
(However,) since (America has the largest influence, there
(He’s made a lot of money for charity,) too.
are …).
What’s more, (she is a very brave person).
(This has) led to ( a rise in poor …).
In addition, (she was a really good player)!
Because of (environmental costs …).
(People sometimes ignore you) as well.
(It was) such a (shock) that … .
Furthermore, (there is enough …).
(destroyed schools) in order to (make it impossible …).
Besides, (the effect on our health), (most of us are
(… wrote a blog) so as to (raise awareness).
conscious of the cost), too
(It was) so popular that (Malala became …).
(It would send a warning to others) as well.
What’s more (there are) also … .
In addition, (once people are …). Introducing examples and conclusions
Moreover, (many people) For instance,
For example,
Expressing contrast such as
To conclude,
However, (I think that school uniforms are a necessary
To summarize,
part of life).
In conclusion,
On the one hand, (some people argue that school
To sum up,
uniforms are boring).
All things considered,
(Everyone looks the same in a uniform, and you can’t
express yourself ), but (your clothes are only one way of
saying who you are). Expressing sequence
On the other hand, (school uniform can save parents First
money). In the beginning
Although (children might still get bullied for other First of all
reasons, they won’t get bullied for their clothes). After a while
(I think that school uniforms are a good idea,) although After that
(they are expensive for some people). Then
Even though (people are aware), (they carry on …). Later
In spite of (their addiction), (people got used to …). In the end
Despite (being informed), (some people …). Last of all
Although (more expensive health care may sound Finally
heartless), (it could help …).
(I enjoyed reading your article); however, (I’m not sure I Discourse markers
agree). undeniably
While (it’s true that …), (I think that …). obviously
(This idea assumes that), whereas (in some cases …). probably
(I believe that …), no matter what (their lifestyle). Presumably
… is less about (money), and more about (the type of In all honesty
society). Frankly
undoubtedly
Expressing reason and result Obviously
(It would be cool to stay with an English family) because Hypothetically
(I could practise my English with them). In reality
(I’m allergic to milk,) so I mustn’t eat things like cheese As a matter of fact
and ice cream. Distressingly
As (I’m on holiday, I can’t do either of your four-week Worryingly
courses). Admittedly

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Position Discussing hypothetical situations

at the back / front If society didn’t value its youth, we’d make no progress.
in front of Society could become … .
in the middle of Perhaps fewer mistakes would be made … .
to the left / right of My main worry would be … .
on the right / left That might result in … .
in the top / bottom / right-hand / left-hand / corner What if …?
in the foreground / background Even if … .
behind
Giving a presentation
Ordering events in a story Stating the purpose of a presentation
That’s when … In today’s presentation, I’m going to talk about … .
By the time … , The aim of my presentation in to … .
After a while I’m here today to tell you about … .
(…) when (…)
Suddenly, … Describing the structure of a presentation
Some time ago, … First, I’m going to … . Then I’ll … , followed by … .
While … I’ll finish off with … .
At first, … There’ll be some time for questions and answers once I’ve
Eventually … finished, so please hold any questions that you have until
the end.
Introducing arguments and giving Moving between points
opinions That’s what I’m going to talk about now.
Introducing arguments I’ve just told you about … . Now I’m going to move on to
The main argument for / against is … . ….
First of all, … . I’ve got one final point to make, and it regards … .
It is also important to note that … . OK, that’s all about … . I’d now like to look at … .
My first reason for … .
Concluding a presentation
Another argument for … .
To sum up, … .
My final point is … .
In conclusion, … .
Giving opinions I hope my arguments have convinced you that … .
My point of view is that … . Please feel free to ask any questions and I’ll do my best to
To my mind, … . answer them.
In my opinion, … . If anyone has any questions, I’d be happy to answer them.
I am convinced that … .
I feel that … . Giving examples and explanations
I believe that … . Giving examples
As an illustration, take … .
Reacting to statements A well-known example of this is … .
Supporting a statement such as … .
One of the main reasons for … is … . To illustrate this … .
I totally support that idea. like … .
The most obvious reason for this is … . For example, … .
The main benefit that … . For instance, … .
One positive aspect of … is … . This can be illustrated by … .
The best thing about it is … . By way of example … .
A case in point is … .
Opposing a statement
One of the biggest drawbacks of … . Giving explanations
What bothers me is … . particularly … .
I can’t entirely support that point of view … . specifically … .
… can be a significant problem. to be more specific … .
in particular … .

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Comments and suggestions

Using modals to comment and suggest
We might as well … .
You can say that again!
I wouldn’t do that.
We could include … .
I couldn’t believe it!

Agreeing on a choice
Let’s go with it.
So, do we all agree that … ?
It ticks lots of boxes.
Which one is it going to be, then?
Which one should we choose?

Restating a point of view

I’m just trying to point out … .
Hang on a minute, are you saying that … ?
I didn’t mean that exactly.
In other words, … .
Let’s put it this way … .
I’m just saying that … .

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