Ernest Rutherford (1898-1911)-

Studied radiations emitted from

uranium and named them alpha and
beta. He estimated atom size and
concluded mass was concentrated
in the nucleus. Using alpha particles
as atomic bullets, probed the atoms
in a piece of thin (0.00006m) gold
foil. He established that nucleus
was: very dense, very small and
Timeli
positively charged. He also assumed

ne
that the electrons were located
outside the nucleus.

Democritus (Greek Era)

Alchemy was based on the
belief that there are four basic
elements in nature: air, fire,
water and earth.
Alchemists (500BC)
He discovered the role of oxygen
play sin combustion. He
recognized and named Oxygen
(1778) and Hydrogen (1783).
He helped in constructing the
metric system, wrote the first
extensive lists of elements and
help to reform chemical
nomenclature.
Antoine Lavoisier (1772-1794)
Discovered cathode rays had the
following properties: travel in
straight lines from the cathode;
cause glass to fluoresce; impart a
negative charge to objects the
strike; are deflected by electric
fields and magnets to suggest a
negative charge; cause pinwheels
in their path to spin indicating
they have mass.
Sir William Crookes (1879)
published the famous equation
E=mc 2
Albert Einstein (1905)
“by convention bitter, by
convention sweet, but in reality
atoms and void.
Democritus (Greek Era)
Proposed on “atomic theory”
with spherical solid atoms
based upon measurable
properties of mass.
Studied the effect of electricity
on solutions, coined term
“electrolysis” as a splitting of
molecules with electricity
John Dalton (1803)
Studied uranium and thorium
and called their spontaneous
decay process “radioactivity”.
She and her husband Pierre
also discovered the radioactive
elements polonium and radium.
Marie Sklodowska Curie
(1898)
Oil drop experiment
determined the charge (e=
1.602 x 10-19 coulomb) and the
mass (m= 9.11 x 10-28 gram) of
an electron.
Robert Millikan (1907)
viewed electrons as continuous
clouds and introduced “wave
mechanics” as a mathematical
model of the atom.
Erwin Schrodinger (1930)
known for Coulomb’s law, which
states that the force between two
electrical charges is proportional
to the product of the charges and
inversely proportional to the
square of the distance between
them.
Charles- Augustin De Coulomb
(1736-1806)
Used CRT to determine the
charge to mass ratio (e/m) of
an electron = 1.759x10 8
coulombs/ gram.
Studied “canal rays” and found
they were associated with the
proton(H+).
J.J Thompson (1897)
Used the idea of quanta (discrete
units of energy) to explain hot
glowing matter.
Max Planck (1900)
Developed an explanation of
atomic structure that underlies
regularities of the periodic
table of elements.
His atomic model had atoms
build up of successive orbital
shells of electrons.
Niels Bohr (1922)