Topic: Polynomial Functions

Sub-topic: Illustrations of Polynomial Functions

OBJECTIVES
a. identify polynomial functions
b. illustrate polynomial functions

A polynomial function is a function in the form

𝑷(𝒙) = 𝒂𝒏 𝒙𝒏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙𝒏−𝟏 + 𝒂𝒏−𝟐 𝒙𝒏−𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝒂𝟏 𝒙𝟏 + 𝒂𝟎,
where 𝑛 is a nonnegative integer, n as a positive integer implies that:
a. n is not negative
b. n is not zero
c. n is not a fraction
d. n is not a radical, and
e. n is not imaginary

Use the given polynomial functions to complete the table.

Leading Constant
Polynomial Function Standard Form Degree
Coefficient Term
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 (𝑥 − 3) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 2 1 0
2. 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 4 + 5
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)
4. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 − 𝑥 4
5. 𝑦 = 3 − 2𝑥 + 𝑥 3

Tell whether the following is a polynomial function or not. Give the

degree and the number of terms for polynomial functions.
1. 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4
2. 𝑦 = 5𝑥+3
𝑥+4
3. 𝑦 = 3
4. 𝑦 = (𝑥 − 4)(4𝑥 + 1)
1
 5. 𝑦 = √6𝑥 2 + 1

Use all the numbers in the box once as coefficients or exponents

to form as may polynomial functions of x as you can. Write your
polynomial function in standard form.

√3 2
1 −2 2 − 3
5 3

Identify the polynomial functions from the given set of functions. Give
your reasons.

1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2 − 𝑥 + 3𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 4
2. 𝑃 (𝑥 ) = √5𝑥 7 + 2𝑥 3 − 𝑥
3. 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 )2
4. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = √5𝑥 + 3
5. 𝑦 = −4𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 −1

2
Topic: Polynomial Functions
Sub-topic: Graphs of Polynomial Functions

OBJECTIVES
a. find the x-intercept of a polynomial function
b. find the y-intercept of a polynomial function

Things to
Remember

Solving for the x- and y- intercepts is an important step in graphing a polynomial function.
These intercepts are used to determine the points where the graph intersects or touches the
x-axis and the y-axis.
To find the x-intercept of a polynomial function:
a. Factor the polynomial completely
b. Let y be equal to zero
c. Equate each factor to zero and solve for x
To find the y-intercept:
a. Let x be equal to zero and simplify

Let’s Do This!

Determine the intercepts of the graphs of the following polynomial functions:

1. y = (x + 2)(x + 3)(x + 5)
Given:
Factor completely.
Equate y to 0.
Then equate each factor to zero, and solve for x:

( )=0 ( )=0 ( )=0

𝑥 = ____ 𝑥 = ____ 𝑥 = ____
Let x = 0
y = (0 + 2)(0 + 3)(0 + 5)
y = _______
x-intercepts: _______________________
y-intercept: ________________________

1
2. y = x2 (x – ) (x + 1)(x – 1)
2
Given:
Factor completely:
Equate y to 0:
Then equate each factor to zero, and solve for x:
3
 𝑥2 = 0 ( )=0 ( )=0 ( )=0
𝑥= 𝑥= 𝑥= 𝑥=

Let x = 0
y = 02 (0 – 2)(0 + 1)(0 – 1)
y = _______
x-intercepts: _______________________
y-intercept: ________________________

3. y = x3 + x2 – 14x – 24

Given:
Factor completely.
Equate y to 0.
Then equate each factor to zero, and solve for x:

( )=0 ( )=0 ( )=0

𝑥 = ____ 𝑥 = ____ 𝑥 = ____

Let x = 0
y = 03 + 02 – 14(0) – 24
y = _______
x-intercepts: _______________________
y-intercept: ________________________

I Can Do This!

Determine the intercepts of the graphs of the following polynomial functions:

1. P(x) = x2 + 8x + 15
2. P(x) = x3 – 2x2 – 4x + 8
3. P(x) = x4 – 2x2 + 1
4. P(x) = (x + 2)(x + 5)(x – 3)(x – 4)
1
5. P(x) = x (x – 2) (x + 4)(x – 1)

4
Determine the intercepts of the polynomial functions represented by the following graphs:

1. 2. 3.

4. 5.

Find the x- and y-intercepts of the following polynomial functions:

1. y = x3 + 3x2 – x – 3
2. y = x3 – 7x + 6
3. y = x4 – x2 + 2x3 – 2x
4. y = x3 – 4x2 + x + 6
2
5. y = –x(x – 2) (x – 3) (x – 3)

5
Topic: Polynomial Functions
Sub-topic: Graphs of Polynomial Functions

OBJECTIVES
a. sketch the graph of polynomial functions
b. describe the graph of a polynomial function

To sketch the graph of a polynomial function we need to consider the following:

A. leading term
B. behavior of the graph

The graph of a polynomial function:

1. comes down from the extreme left and goes up to the extreme
right if n is even and 𝑎𝑛 > 0
2. comes up from the extreme left and goes up to the extreme right
if n is odd and 𝑎𝑛 > 0
3. comes up from the extreme left and goes down to the extreme
right if n is even and 𝑎𝑛 < 0
4. comes down from the extreme left and goes down to the extreme
right if n is odd and 𝑎𝑛 < 0
For additional help, we can summarize this in the figure:

𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑

𝑎𝑛 > 0

𝑎𝑛 < 0

C. x-intercepts
D. multiplicity of roots
If 𝑟 is a zero of odd multiplicity, the graph of 𝑃 (𝑥 ) crosses the x-axis at r.
if 𝑟 is a zero of even multiplicity, the graph of 𝑃(𝑥 ) is tangent to the x-
axis at 𝑟.

E. y-intercept
F. number of turning points
6
Turning points are points where the graph from increasing to decreasing
function value, or vice versa. The number of turning points in the graph of a
polynomial is strictly less than the degree of the polynomial. Also, we must
note that;
1. Quartic Functions: have an odd number of turning points; at
most 3 turning points
2. Quintic functions: have an even number of turning points, at
most 4 turning points
3. The number of turning points is at most (𝑛 − 1)

A. Sketch the graph of 𝑝(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 12

a. leading term: ________ f. number of turning points: 2
b. behavior of the graph:
____________________ g. sketch:

( 𝑛 is odd and 𝑎𝑛 > 0)

c. x-intercepts: ________

the polynomial in factored form is

𝑦 = (𝑥 − 2)2 (𝑥 + 3)

d. multiplicity of roots:_____

e. y-intercept:_________

Graph the following polynomial functions:

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 3
2. 𝑦 = −𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 12
3. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1)

Graph the following polynomial functions:

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1

7
 2. 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 4)
3. 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)2 (𝑥 − 3)

For each given polynomial function, describe or determine the following, then
sketch the graph.
a. leading term
b. behavior of the graph
c. x-intercepts
d. multiplicity of roots
e. y-intercept
f. number of turning points
g. sketch

1. 𝑦 = 𝑥 6 + 4𝑥 5 + 4𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 −5𝑥 2 − 2𝑥
2. 𝑦 = −𝑥 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 1)4 (𝑥 − 1)3

8
Topic: Polynomial Functions
Sub-topic: Solving Problems involving Polynomial Functions

OBJECTIVES
a. Evaluate polynomial functions;
b. Solve problems involving polynomial functions; and
c. Realize the importance of polynomial functions in solving real-life problems.

Things to
Remember
A polynomial function is a function of the form
P(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + …+ a1x + a0, an ≠0
where n is a nonnegative integer, a0, a1 ,…,an are real numbers called coefficients, anxn is
the leading term, an is the leading coefficient, and a0 is the constant term.
Real-life problems can be modeled with polynomial functions.

Let’s Do These!

The demographer in Bayan ni Juan predicts that the population P of the town t
years from now can be modeled by the function P(t)= 6t4 – 5t3 + 200t + 12000.
a. What will the population of the town be five (5) years from now?
b. In how many years will the population of the town be 936,000?

Solution:
a. P(t)= 6t4 – 5t3 + 200t + 12000
P(5)= 6(__)4 – 5(__)3 + 200(__) + 12000
P(5)= _______
The population of the town 5 years from now is ___________________.

b. P(t)= 6t4 – 5t3 + 200t + 12000

936000= 6t4 – 5t3 + 200t + 12000
0 = 6t4 – 5t3 + 200t + 12000 – ______
0 = 6t4 – 5t3 + 200t - ______
0 = (_____)(6t3 + 115t2 + 2300t + 46200) Using Factored Form
t = ____
The population of the town will be 936000 _____ years from now.

I Can Do These!

You are the newly hired accountant of

7Eleven convenience store in Indang. Your task is
to analyze its revenue for the past 10 years of its
operation. Its annual revenue R (in millions) can be
approximated by the function
R(t) = 0.0001(-t4 + 12t3 – 77t2 + 600t + 13,650)
9
 where t is the number of years since the store opened.
a. What is the revenue of the store on its 5th year of operation?
b. In which year(s) was the revenue Php1.5 million?

Let’s Do More!

Villa Filomena is a booming natural spring resort

in Indang, Cavite. It has three swimming pools beside a
river. The owner is planning to construct a new
swimming pool with a maximum capacity of 2000 cubic
feet of water. If the volume of the water in the swimming
pool can be modeled by using the function V(t) = t3 +
40t2 + 175t where t is the number of hours it takes to fill
the swimming pool,
a. what is the volume of the water after one hour?
b. How long will it take to reach its maximum capacity?

Challenge
Yourself!
Solve the problem below:

The volume of a computer room in Zeki’s is expressed in the polynomial function

V(x) = 6x3 + 9x2 – 24x + 36 where x is the width of the room in meters. If the volume
is 45 cubic meter, what is the width of the room?

10
Topic: Circles
Sub-topic: Introduction to Chords, Arcs and Angles of Circle

OBJECTIVES
a. Identify the chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles of a circle.
b. Name the chords, arcs, central angles and inscribed angles of a circle.
c. Value accumulated knowledge as means of new understanding.

Things to
Remember
A circle is the set of all points on a plane at a given distance from a fixed point
called the center. A circle is named by its center, Ex. ʘ A.
A radius (plural, radii) is any segment joining the center to a point on the circle.
A chord is a segment joining any two points on the circle.
A diameter is a chord passing through the center.
An arc is a part of a circle between two points on the circle.
A semicircle is one half of a circle and measures 1800. A diameter divides the
circle into two semicircles.
A minor arc is less than a semicircle.
A major arc is greater than a semicircle.
A central angle of a circle is an angle
whose vertex is the center of the circle and
whose sides are radii of the circle.
An inscribed angle of a circle is an angle
whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides
contain chords of the circle.
The arc that lies in the interior of an
inscribed angle and has endpoints on the
angle is called the intercepted arc of the angle.

Let’s Do These!

Use ʘP below to identify and name the following:

1. 2 radii
2. a diameter
3. 2 chords
4. 2 semicircles
5. 2 minor arcs
6. 2 major arcs
7. 2 central angles
8. 2 inscribed angles

Solution:
1. 2 Radii (any segment joining the center to a point on the circle)
11
 ___________, __________
2. Diameter (a chord passing through the center)
___________
3. 2 Chords (a segment joining any two points on the circle)
___________, __________
4. 2 Semicircles (one half of a circle and measures 1800)
_________, __________
5. 2 Minor Arcs (less than a semicircle)
__________, ___________
6. 2 Major Arcs (greater than a semicircle)
________, __________
7. 2 Central Angles (an angle whose vertex is the center of the circle and whose sides
are radii of the circle)
__________, __________
8. 2 Inscribed Angles (an angle whose vertex is on a circle and whose sides contain
chords of the circle)
_________, _________

I Can Do These!

Use ʘ O below to identify and name the following:

1. radius
2. diameter
3. chord
4. semicircle
5. minor arcs
6. major arcs
7. central angles
8. inscribed angles

Let’s Do More!

Using the map below of Paradizoo in

C (Courtyard) H
Tagaytay City, identify and name the
following: (Hydrophonics
1. radius B(Buffalo s)
2. diameter pasteur)
3. chords
4. semicircle
5. minor arc G
6. major arc (Greenhouse
7. central angle
)
8. inscribed angle
L (Log Cabin) P (Pet Cemetery)

12
Challenge
Yourself!

Use ʘ O below to identify and name the following:

1. radius
2. diameter
3. chord
4. semicircle
5. minor arcs
6. major arcs
7. central angles
8. inscribed angles

13
Topic: Circles
Sub-topic: Relation Among the Chords, Arcs and Angles of a Circle

OBJECTIVES
a. Determine the relation among chords, arcs, and angles of a circle.
b. Find the measure of chords, arcs, and angles of a circle.
c. Value accumulated knowledge as means of new understanding.

Things to
Remember
Relationship among the chords, arcs and angles of a circle:

1. The diameter of a circle is twice its radius.

2. Radii of the same circle are congruent.
3. The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the center of the circle.
4. The degree measure of a minor arc is the measure of the central angle which
intercepts the arc.
5. The degree measure of a major arc is equal to 360 minus the measure of the
minor arc with the same endpoints.
6. The measure of an angle inscribed in a cricle is one-half the measure of the
central angle intercepting the same arc.
7. The measure of an inscribed angle is one half the measure of the arc
intercepted by this angle.

Let’s Do These!

Find the following using the figure below:

1. m ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐶 , If m ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑂= 15 cm
2. m AOC
3. m AC
4. m CDA
5. m ADC

14
Solution:
̅̅̅̅ = ____
1. 𝑂𝐶 Radii of the same circle are congruent
2. 𝐴𝑂𝐶 = ____ The degree measure of a minor arc is the measure of the
central angle which intercepts the arc.
3. AC = ____ The measure of the minor arc is the measure of the
central
angle intercepting the same arc

4. CDA = _____ The measure of the major arc is equal to 360 minus the
measure of the minor arc with the same endpoints
5. ADC=_____ The measure of the inscribed angle is one-half the
measure of the arc intercepted by this arc

I Can Do These!

Find the following using the given figure:

̅̅̅ = 10 cm , JS = 900
Given: 𝑂𝐽
1. m ̅̅̅
𝑍𝐽

2. m ZS

3. m JDS

4. m SZJ

5. m 

Let’s Do More!

The Sky Eye is one of the main attractions in Skyranch Tagaytay. Given the figure
below, find:
1. the distance between two couches on the
opposite side of the ferris wheel, if the radius is
10 ft.
2. If the central angle is 200, what is the measure
of the intercepted arc?
3. If an inscribed angle on the base of the ferris
wheel measures 800, what is the measure of the
intercepted arc?

15
 Challenge
Yourself!
Find the value of x in the given figure:

1. 2.
x

1. 4.

800

5. m ABC x

16
Topic: Circles
Sub-topic: Tangents and Secants of a Circle

OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the secants, tangents, segments and sectors of a circle.
2. Name the secants, tangents, segments, and sectors of a circle.
3. Value accumulated knowledge as means of new understanding.

Things to
Remember
Tangent Line is a line which is coplanar with the circle and
intersects it in atmost one point.
Secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points
and contains a chord of a circle.

External Secant Segment is a part

of the secant segment that is outside
the circle.
Tangent Segment is a part of the
tangent line.

Sector of the circle is the region

bounded by an arc of the circle and the two radii to the
endpoints of the arc.
Segment of the circle is the region bounded by an arc
and the segment joining its endpoints.

Let’s Do These!
D
Use ʘM below to identify and name the following: E

1. tangent line
2. secant
3. external secant segment
4. tangent segment
5. sector of a circle
6. segment of a circle

E
Solution: E

Tangent Line: ____ (a line which is on the same plane with the circle and
17
 intersects it in atmost one point)

Secant: _____ ( a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points and
contains a chord of a circle)
External Secant Segment: _____ (part of the secant segment that is outside
the circle)
Tangent Segment: ______ (part of the tangent line)
Sector of the circle: _____ ( the region bounded by an arc of the circle and the
two radii to the endpoints of the arc)
Segment of the circle: ____ ( the region bounded by an arc and the segment
joining its endpoint

I Can Do These!

Use ʘM below to identify and name the following:

A

1. tangent line C
2. secant D
3. external secant segment
4. tangent segment
5. sector of a circle
6. segment of a circle
Y

Let’s Do More!

Label the given figure below. Identify and give one example for each:
1. tangent line
2. secant
3. external secant segment
4. tangent segment
5. sector of a circle
6. segment of a circle

Challenge
Yourself!

Write the letter of the correct answer:

1. Given the figure, the following are tangent lines except:
A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐸
̅̅̅̅
𝐵. 𝐶𝐴
C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐶
18
 𝐷. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸
2. Which of the following illustrates an external secant segment?

A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶
B. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸
C. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐷
D. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵

3. How many secant lines are there in the given circle?

A. 1
B. 0
C. 2
D. 4

4. Which of the following is an example of a tangent segment of the circle?

𝐴. ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝑁
𝐵. ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅
𝐶. 𝐷𝐹
𝐷. ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑇

5. Which of the following figures illustrates a sector of the circle?

A. B.

C. D.

19
Topic: Circles

Sub-topic: Proving Theorems on Secants, Tangents, and Segments

OBJECTIVES

a. Use two-column proofs in proving theorems related to secants, tangents,

and segments.
b. Determine the reasons to support the given statements in a two-column
proof of a theorem.
c. Appreciate the importance of geometric relationships involving tangents
and secants in making wise decisions.

Things to
Remember

Two- column proofs have two-columns for statements and reasons.

Reasons will be definitions, postulates, properties and previously proven
theorems.
A tangent to a circle is a line coplanar with the circle and intersects it at one
and only one point.
A secant is a line that intersects a circle at exactly two points. A secant
contains a chord of a circle.
A tangent segment is the part of a tangent line between the point of contact
and a point outside the circle.
An external secant segment is the part of a secant segment that is outside a
circle.

Let’s Do This!

Supply the missing parts of the solution to prove the following theorems.
1. If two chords of a circle intersect, then the product of the measures of the
segments of one chord is equal to the product of the measures of the
segments of the other chord.
Solution:
Given: ̅̅̅̅
HR and ̅̅̅
CS are chords of ⊙D
Intersecting at O.
Prove: CO  OS = RO  OH
20
 To Prove: Draw ̅̅̅̅
CH and ̅̅
RS̅̅

Statement Reason Task

_____________________ Given Copy the given.
State the reason
∠C ≅ ∠R and ∠S ≅ ∠H ___________________ why the angles
are congruent.
Name the
triangle similarity
△CHO ~ △RSO ___________________ theorem that
justifies the
statement.
Corresponding sides of
Which sides are
____________________________ similar triangles are
proportional?
proportional.
CO  OS = RO  OH State the reason
___________________ why they
become equal.

2. If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle, then
the two segments are congruent

Solution:
Given: ̅̅̅̅
FB and ̅̅̅
FS are tangent to
⊙M at B and S respectively.
Prove: ̅̅̅̅
FB ≅ ̅̅̅
FS
To Prove: Draw ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ andBM
FM,SM ̅̅̅̅.

Statement Reason Task

_____________________ ___________________ Copy the given.
Indicate which
Radii of the same circle
_____________________ radii are
are congruent.
congruent.
State the
̅̅̅ ⊥ SM
FS ̅̅̅̅ and FB
̅̅̅̅ ⊥ BM ___________________ Tangent to Circle
Theorem.
Indicate the
̅̅̅̅ ≅ FM
̅̅̅̅ property that
FM ___________________
justifies the
statement.
Name the
Hypotenuse- Leg
______________________ congruent
Congruence
triangles.
21
 Write the reason
̅̅̅̅ ≅ FS
̅̅̅ why they
FB ___________________
become
congruent.

I Can Do This!

Use a two-column proof to prove the following theorems.

1. The tangents to a circle at the endpoints of a diameter are parallel.

Given: ⃡PR is tangent to ⊙T at A.

⃡SM is tangent to ⊙T at U.
̅̅̅̅
AU is the diameter of ⊙T.
⃡ ∥ SM
Prove: PR ⃡

2. If two secants intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arc.

Given: ⃡OA and ⃡OD are secants

1
Prove: m∠1 = (mAD ̂ − mBĈ)
2

Let’s Do More!

Use a two-column proof to prove the following theorems.

1. If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of
the angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of
the intercepted arcs.

Given: ⃡AB and ⃡AD are tangents

intersecting outside ⊙O at A
1
Prove: m∠2 = (mBCD ̂ − mBD ̂)
2

22
2. If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then
the product of the lengths of one secant segment and its external
secant segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the other
secant segment and its external secant segment.

Given: ̅̅̅
SC and ̅̅̅̅
SN are secant segments
intersecting outside ⊙T at S
̅̅̅  SC
Prove: SE ̅̅̅ = SA
̅̅̅̅  SN
̅̅̅̅

Challenge
Yourself!

1. Write the reasons to complete the proof of the following theorem.

If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of an
angle formed is one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs
intercepted by the angle and its vertical angle.
Given: AL⃡ and SG⃡ are secants
Intersecting in the interior
Of ⊙E at N.
1
Prove: m ∠GNL = 2 (mGL ̂ − mAS ̂)

Statement Reason
2. U
⃡ and SG
AL ⃡ are secants intersecting in
sthe interior of ⊙E at N.
e
Draw ̅̅̅
SL
a

mt ∠GNL = m ∠GSL + m ∠ALS

w
o 1 1
m ̂ ̂
- ∠GSL = 2 mGL and m ∠ALS = 2 mAS
c
1
̂ + 1 mAS
mo ∠GNL = 2 mGL ̂
2
l 1
̂ + mAS
mu ∠GNL = 2 (mGL ̂)

23
mn proof to prove that: If a tangent segment and a secant segment are
drawn to a circle from an exterior point, then the square of the length of
the tangent segment is equal to the product of the lengths of the secant
segment and its external secant segment.
Given: ̅̅̅
NI is a tangent segment and
̅̅̅̅
NP is a secant segment

Prove: (NI)2 = NT  NP

24
Topic: Circles
Sub-topic: Solving Problems on Tangents and Secants of Circles

OBJECTIVES

a. Solve problems involving tangents, secants and segments of circles.

b. Formulate problems on circles with solution.
c. Appreciate the importance of circles in real life.

Things to
Remember

The true application of mathematics is in solving real life problems. You

must read and understand the problem, draw a diagram if necessary and label
it, determine the theorems to be used, write the equation and then solve.

Here are some theorems on secants, tangents and segments of circles

that can be applied in solving real-life problems involving circles.
If two segments from the same exterior point are tangent to a circle, then the
two segments are congruent.
If two secants intersect in the interior of a circle, then the measure of an angle
formed is one-half the sum of the measures of the arcs intercepted by the
angle and its vertical angle.
If two tangents intersect in the exterior of a circle, then the measure of the
angle formed is one-half the positive difference of the measures of the
intercepted arcs.
If a secant and a tangent intersect at the point of tangency, then the measure
of each angle formed is one-half the measure of its intercepted arc.
If a tangent segment and a secant segment are drawn to a circle from an
exterior point, then the square of the length of the tangent segment is equal to
the product of the lengths of the secant segment and its external secant
segment.

25
Let’s Do This!

Complete the solution to each problem by following the task given on the right
column.

1. Aling Baby’s cassava cake in

Binakayan is known for its
delicious taste. If you will put
it in a special triangular box
such that the three sides are
tangent to the cassava cake,
what will be the perimeter of
the triangular box?

Solution:

BI = _______ Based on the illustration what are

NG = _______ the measures of the segments on
KA = _______ the left column?
If two segments from the same
_______ point are ______ to a Complete the theorem that we can
circle, then the two segments apply to solve the problem.
are _________.
BI = ___
Using the theorem which segments
NI = ___
are equal?
KG = ___
BN = BI + NI
NK = ___ + ___ Complete the equation.
BK = ___ + ___
The perimeter of the triangular
box = BN + NK + BK Substitute the values and find the
= ___ + ___ + ___ sum of the three sides.
= ___

26
 2. Josielin cooked puto (steamed
rice muffin) for her friends. She
cut it into rectangular pieces so
that everyone can have their
share. She separates the portion
with the most number of pieces
represented by ∠UJT. If the
measure of arc UT is 110°and
the measure of arc PO is 50°,
what is the measure of ∠UJT?

Solution:
Name the two intersecting secant
______ and _____
segments.
______ the circle Where is the point of intersection?
1 Complete the equation that we can
m∠UJT = 2 (___ + ___ )
apply to solve the problem.
1
= 2 (___ + ___) Substitute the values.
1
= 2 ( ___ )
Solve.
m∠UJT = ___

I Can Do This!

Solve the following problems.

1. Mang Karyo sells sorbetes in a cone that forms an

̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅
arc of 250°,ID ED are tangents to the circle
as shown. What is the measure of the angle formed
at the bottom of the cone?

2. Serena, Joy, and Charity are practicing

their skills in throwing darts. They throw
three darts S, J, and C respectively that
hit the outer edge of the dart board.
The fourth dart thrown by Joy (L) landed
on the wall. How far is it from the dart
thrown by Serena (S) when LJ = 9 inches
and JC = 16 inches.
27
 Let’s Do More!

Solve the following problems.

1. In my garden there is a circular

wooden design which is tangent
to the pipe. I noticed that an
angle is formed and named it ∠B,
whose measure is 50°. What are
the measures of the minor arc AB
and the major arc ACB?

2. Kaybiang Tunnel located in the

Ternate- Nasugbu area is said to
be the longest underground tunnel
in the Philippines. It has a length
of about 300 meters, and a vertical
distance of 4.85 meters. Using the
picture, formulate a problem
involving tangent and/or secant
and solve it.

Challenge
Yourself!

Solve the problem below. Show your complete solutions.

A. A portion of a cake is sliced in
such a way that the dedication
is not cut. The edge of the board
is tangent to the cake at E. What
is the length of the sliced cake
represented by CA if AK = 3 inches
and EK = 6 inches.

B. Using the same picture formulate a problem involving angle formed by

secant and tangent of a circle, then solve.

28
Topic: Plane Coordinate Geometry

Sub-topic: The Distance Formula

OBJECTIVES

a. Derive the distance formula.

b. Find the distance between a pair of points on the coordinate plane.
c. Appreciate how the distance formula facilitates finding solutions to real-life
problems.

Things to
Remember

The Distance Formula is an equation that can be used to find the distance
between any pair of points on the coordinate plane.
The distance formula is
d = √(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐱 𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝐲𝟐 − 𝐲𝟏 )𝟐 or PQ = √(𝐱 𝟐 − 𝐱 𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝐲𝟐 − 𝐲𝟏 )𝟐
if P (𝑥1 , 𝑦1 ) and Q (𝑥2 , 𝑦2 ) are points on a coordinate plane.

Let’s Do This!

Supply the missing parts of the solution by following the task given in the right
column.
1. Find the distance between the points R (4, 3) and T (10, 11).
x1 = 4 x2 = ___
Find x2 and y2
y1 = 3 y2 = ___
RT = √(x2 − x1 )2 + ___________ Complete the distance formula
Substitute the values of y2 and y1 in
= √(10 − 4)2 + ( )2 the formula
= √(6)2 + ( )2 Find the difference
= √36 + _____ Square the result
=√ Add and simplify the radical
RT = ____

29
2. Find the distance between the points A (-1, 2) and B (3, -4).

x1 = ___ x2 = ___
Find x1, y1, x2 and y2
y1 = ___ y2 = ___

AB = Write the distance formula

Substitute the values of x1, y1, x2 and

= √( )2 + ( )2 y2 in the formula
= √( )2 + ( )2 Perform the operations
= √____ + ____ Square the result
=√ Add and simplify the radical
AB = ____

I Can Do This!

Determine the distance between the following pairs of points.

1. S(5, -1) and T(5,7)
2. R(0,3) and F(1,4)
3. L(2,6) and B(-3,6)
4. A(-3,1) and M(2,2)
5. P(4,-3) and Q(-1,4)

Let’s Do More!

The map below shows various landmarks in a town. Find the distance
between the given pairs of landmarks by using the distance formula. Write
the corresponding letters in the box to answer the question.

30
W.

By: RYAN
V.CASTILLO
E. T. Tirona Memorial National High School and Kalayaan Hospital

I. Island Cove and Binakayan Public Market

N. St. Mary Magdalene School and Municipal Hall

K. Aguinaldo Shrine and Binakayan Public Market

A. Save More and Fire Station

T. Water Camp and Island Cove

What town is formerly known as Cavite el Viejo?

2√17 √51.25 √261 9 √421

31
Challenge
Yourself!

Use the distance formula to solve the following.

1. What is the distance between the points M (3,-6) and P (-4, 1)?
2. Find the length of the line segment whose endpoints are (3,-12) and
(-2, 8).
3. Which will give the correct distance between R (1, 9) and J (9, 1)?
a. RJ = √(9 − 1)2 + (1 − 9)2
b. RJ = √(1 − 9)2 + (1 − 9)2
4. Nidora wants to go to a computer shop for her assignment. There are
two shops that are at coordinates A (4, 3) and B (-5,-2). Her sister
Tinidora suggested that she should go to computer shop A because it is
nearer their house which is at (-1, 2). Is Tinidora correct?

32
Topic: Plane Coordinate Geometry

Sub-topic: The Midpoint Formula

OBJECTIVES

a. Determine the coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment on a coordinate

plane using the midpoint formula.
b. Find the other endpoint of a line segment when the midpoint and one endpoint
are given.
c. Appreciate the importance of the midpoint formula in making wise decisions.

Things to
Remember

The Midpoint Formula is a formula that can be used to find the coordinates of
the midpoint of a line segment on the coordinate plane. The midpoint of P (x 1, y1)
𝒙 𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
and Q (x2, y2) is ( , ).
𝟐 𝟐

Let’s Do This!

Supply the missing parts of the solution.

1. Find the midpoint M of a line segment whose endpoints are A (-3, 5) and
F (6, 1).

x1 = -3 x2 = ___
Find x2 and y2
y1 = 5 y2 = ___
𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 ___+ ___
M=( , ) Complete the midpoint formula
2 2
___+___ ___+ ___ Substitute the values of x1, x2, y1,
=( , )
2 2 and y2 in the formula
Add the x-coordinates & divide by 2.
= ____ and ____
Do the same for the y-coordinates.
M= ( ___, ___ ) Write the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
AF.

2 The midpoint of a line segment is (4, 7). If one endpoint is (-6, 9), what is
the other endpoint?
x = ___ x1 = ___
Find x, y, x1 and y1.
y = ___ y1 = ___
𝑥1 + 𝑥2 𝑦1 + 𝑦2
( ( x, y) = ( , ) The Midpoint Formula
2 2
____+ 𝑥2 ____+ 𝑦2 Substitute the values of x1,and y1 in
( 4, 7) = ( , )
2 2 the formula
33
 −6+ 𝑥2 ____+ 𝑦2 Equate the x-coordinates and
4= , 7=
2 2 equate the y-coordinates.
x2 = ____ , y2 = ____ Solve for x2 and y2.
Write the coordinates of the other
( __ , __ )
endpoint

I Can Do This!

A. Find the midpoint of the line segment with the given endpoints.
1. P (-1, -6) and R (-6, 5)
2. W (-1.2, 1.0) and A (5.2, -5.3)
3. C (2, -1) and T (-6, 0)

B. Find the other endpoint of the line segment with the given endpoint and
midpoint.
1. Endpoint: (2, 5)
Midpoint: (5, 1)
2. Endpoint: (-1, 9)
Midpoint: (-9, -10)

Let’s Do More!

Solve the following problems by using the midpoint formula.

1. Sheena and her friend Ryan would like to work on their math project.
They decided to meet each other at a point halfway between their
houses with coordinates (-14, 60) and (2,100) respectively. Should they
meet in the park represented by the coordinates (-8, 70)? Or in the
coffee shop represented by the coordinates (-6, 80)? Justify your
answer.

2. While designing his garden, Raymond created a grid representing his

backyard. He already has one lamp post in the garden at coordinates
(6, 20). He wants to add another one so that the center of the fishpond
which is at coordinates (5, -10) would be the midpoint of the two lamp
posts. Where should the second lamp post be placed?
34
Challenge
Yourself!

Use the midpoint formula to solve the following.

1. Which of the following pairs of points have a midpoint with coordinates

(0, 0)?
A. (1, 1) and (-1, 0) B. (-3, 0) and (3, 0)

2. Find the midpoint between (13.3, -0.25) and (-1.33, 1.0).

3. Given the endpoint (2, 8) and midpoint (4, 4), what is the other endpoint
4. While on a hunting trip Jose created a map grid. He determined that a
mountain could have the coordinates (425, 1800) and that his current
position is at (173, 254). If a nipa hut is located exactly midway between
Jose and the mountain, what coordinates should represent the nipa
hut’s location?

35
Topic: Plane Coordinate Geometry

Sub-topic: The Coordinate Proof

OBJECTIVES

d. Define a coordinate proof.

e. Apply the distance formula to prove some geometric properties.
f. Appreciate the significance of the distance formula and the midpoint formula in
writing a coordinate proof.

Things to
Remember

A proof that uses figures on a coordinate plane to prove geometric

properties is called a coordinate proof.

To prove geometric properties using the methods of coordinate geometry,

consider the following guidelines for placing figures on a coordinate plane.
1. Use the origin as vertex or center of a figure.
2. Place at least one side of a polygon on an axis.
3. If possible, keep the figure within the first quadrant.
4. Use coordinates that make computations simple and easy.
Sometimes, using coordinates that are multiples of two would make
the computation easier.

Once the figure is placed in the coordinate plane you can use coordinates
of the vertices, the distance formula, and the midpoint formula to prove
some geometric relationships.

36
Let’s Do This!

1. Prove that the length of the diagonals of an isosceles trapezoid are

congruent.
Solution:

Given: Trapezoid ______

with ___ ≅ ̅̅̅̅
DC

Prove: ̅̅̅̅
AC ≅ ̅̅̅̅
DB

Complete the given.

The isosceles trapezoid

is placed in the Cartesian
plane.
Label the coordinates.

AC = √[𝑏 − (−𝑎)]2 + [___ − ___]2 Use the distance formula to

= √𝑏2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎2 + ____
AC = √𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2
DB = √(___ − ___)2 + (𝑐 − 0)2
= √___ + ___ + ____ + 𝑐 2
DB = √𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2
Since AC= √𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 and
DB = √𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2,
then AC = ___ by substitution.
Therefore ___ ≅ _____.
find the distance between A
and C. Complete the
solution.
Use the distance formula to
find the distance between D
and B. Complete the
solution.
Complete the statement.

37
2. Prove that the midpoint of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is
equidistant from the three vertices.
Solution:

Given: Triangle _____

with ___ as the midpoint
of the hypotenuse.

Prove: OS = OR = OT

Complete the given.

The right triangle is placed

in the coordinate plane
with two legs on both
positive axes.
Label the coordinates of R,
S, and T.

2𝑎+0 ___+____ Use the midpoint formula

O=( + )
2 2 to determine the
O = ( a, ___) coordinates of O.
OS = √(__ − __)2 + (0 − 𝑏)2 = √___ + ___ Use the distance formula
to find the distance from O
to S, and from O to R.
OR= √(0 − 𝑎)2 + (__ − __)2 = √___ + ___
Complete the solution.
Thus, OS = OR. By the definition of
midpoint OR = OT.
Complete the statement.
Hence ___= ___ = ___.

38
I Can Do This!

Write a coordinate proof to prove each of the following.

1. The medians to the legs of an isosceles triangle are congruent.

Given: Isosceles triangle PQR with ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅.

PQ ≅RQ
̅̅̅̅̅ and PN
RM ̅̅̅̅ are the medians.

̅̅̅̅̅ ≅ PN
Prove: RM ̅̅̅̅

2. The segment joining the midpoint of consecutive sides of an isosceles

trapezoid form a rhombus.

Given: Isosceles trapezoid MATH

with ̅̅̅̅̅
AM ≅ ̅̅̅̅
TH,
L, O, V, and E are the midpoints
of the sides of the trapezoid.

Prove: Quadrilateral LOVE is a

rhombus

Let’s Do More!

Solve the following problems.

1. Paul and Derek are

swimming in a rectangular
pool. Paul claims that the
diagonals of a rectangle are
equal, so they decided to
compete and swim along
each of the diagonals. Write
39
 a coordinate proof to show that Paul is correct.

2. Tenten claims that the triangle

on the coordinate plane is an
equilateral triangle.
Giancarlo says that it is an
isosceles triangle.
Who do you think is correct?
Write a coordinate proof to
justify your answer.

Challenge
Yourself!

Write a coordinate proof to prove the following.

Given: MID is isosceles

with ̅̅̅̅
MI ≅ ̅̅̅
DI.
W, A, and Y are the
midpoints of
MI, ID, and MD respectively.

Prove: WAY is an isosceles triangle.

40
Topic: The Equation of a Circle
Sub-topic: Standard Form of the Equation of a Circle

OBJECTIVES

a. Illustrate standard form of the equation of a circle;

b. Write the center-radius form of the equation of a circle;
c. Solves problems involving geometric figures on the coordinate plane.
d. Appreciate the use of equation of a circle in finding solutions to real-life
problems and decision making.

Things to
Remember

Standard Equation of a Circle

- is the equation that defines a circle with center at (h,k) and a radius of r units.
It is given by(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐 .
-is the equation that defines a circle with center at the origin and a radius of r
units. It is given by x2 + y2 = r2

Let’s Do This!

Answer the following by completing the missing part of the solution.

a. Write the equation of a circle with the center at (-2,8) and a radius of 7
units?
Solution:
Given: center (__,__); radius =___ h = ___ k = ___
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
(x – __)2 + (y – __)2 = __2
(x + __)2 + (y – __)2 = __

b. Write the equation of a circle with the center at (3,-11) and a radius of
√11 units?
Solution:

41
 Given: center (__,__); radius = ___ h = ___ k = ___
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
(x – __)2 + (y – __)2 = __2
(x + __)2 + (y – __)2 = __

c. Write the equation of a circle with the center at the origin and a radius
of 9 units?
Solution:
Given: center (__,__); radius = ___ h = ___ k = ___
x2 + y2 = r2
x2 + y2 = __2
x2 + y2 = __

d. Write the equation of a circle with the center at the origin and a radius
of 2√3 units?
Solution:
Given: center (__,__); radius = ___ h = ___ k = ___
x2 + y2 = r2
x2 + y2 = __2
x2 + y2 = __

I Can Do This!

Lot’s a Pizza shop offers three different sizes of pizza. Suppose that the
coordinates of the center and the measure of the radius of each pizza are as
follows, write the equation of the circle of each pizza in standard form.

Sizes Center Radius Equation in

Standard Form
Small Origin 6 units
Medium (0,-5) 13 units
Large (7, - 4) 5√2 units

Let’s Do More!

Answer the following. What is the equation of the circle in standard form.
a. The center of a circle is at the origin and its radius is 12 units. What is
the equation of the circle?
42
 b. The radius of a circle is 3√2 units and its center is at (-2, 4). Find the
equation of the circle.
c. The diameter of a circular garden in Rosario National High School is 8
meters and its center is at (11, -10). Write the equation of the circular
garden.

Challenge
Yourself!

Answer the given problem:

a. Pancit Malabon is one of the specialty served in Chibugan Restaurant
at Rosario, Cavite. Their Pancit is available in 3 different bilao sizes.
Small whose center is at the origin and has a radius of 10cm, Medium
whose center is at (-2, 5) and radius of 25 cm, and large with 40 cm
radius and center at (13,0). Find the equation of the circle of the
different bilao sizes in standard form.
b. What is the equation of a circular table whose center lies at (1,2) and
which passes through (-3,5)?

43
Topic: The Equation of a Circle
Sub-topic: General Equation of a Circle

OBJECTIVES

a. Illustrate general equation of a circle;

b. Write the general form of the equation of a circle;
c. Solves problems involving geometric figures on the coordinate plane;
d. Appreciate the use of equation of a circle in finding solutions to real-life
problems and decision making

Things to
Remember

The General Equation of a Circle

The general equation of a circle is x2 + y2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0, where D, E,
and F are real numbers. This equation is obtained by expanding the
standard equation of a circle (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2.

Let’s Do This!

Answer the following by completing the missing part of the solution.

a. Write the general equation of a circle with the center at (1 , -6) and a
radius of 2 units?
Solution:
Given: Center (1 , -6); radius = 2
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
(x – __)2 + (y – __)2 = __2
(x – 1)2 + (y + __)2 = __
x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 + __y +__ = __
x2 + y2 – 2x + __y + 1 + __ – __ = 0
Answer: ___________________
D = ____ E = ____ F = ____

b. Write the general equation of a circle with the center at origin and a
radius of 4 units?
44
 Solution:
Given: center (0 , 0); radius = 4
x2 + y2 = r2
x2 + y2 = __2
x2 + y2 = __
Answer: __________________
D = ____ E = ____ F = ____

c. Write the general equation of the circle whose center is (3 , 0) and

radius is 2√2 units

Solution:
Given: center (3 , 0); radius =2√2
(x – h)2 + y2 = r2
(x – __)2 + y2 = __2
(x – __)2 + y2 = __
x2 – __x + __ + y2 = __
x2 + y2 – __x + __ – __ = 0
Answer: _________________
D = ____ E = ____ F = ____

I Can Do This!

Write the general equation of the following circles given its center and radius.

Center Radius Equation in

General Form
a. Origin 13 units
b. Origin √11 units
c. (-3 , -5) 3 units
d. (6, 2) 3√3 units
e. (0, -7) 7 units

Let’s Do More!

Write each equation of a circle in general form. Show your solution

completely.
45
 a. x2 + y2 = 14
b. (x + 4)2 + y2 = 36
c. (x – 5)2 + (y – 8)2 = 64
d. x2 + (y + 7)2 = 1
e. (x + 2)2 + (y – 3)2 = 17

Challenge
Yourself!

Answer the given problem:

a. You don’t know how to swim so you decided to buy a “salbabida” in SM
Bacoor. There are three available sizes. One has a center at the origin
with 6 in. radius. The other one has 7 in. radius and a center at (0, -6).
And the last one, with 9 in. radius and center at (5 , -2). Write the
general equation of each salbabida.
b. What is the general equation of a circular plate whose center lies at
(2,2) and which passes through (-3,1)?

46
Topic: The Equation of a Circle
Sub-topic: Finding the Center and the Radius of a Circle Given the Equation

OBJECTIVES

a. Write the equation of the circle from general form to standard form.
b. Determines the center and radius of a circle given its equation.
c. Appreciate the use of equation of a circle in finding solutions to real-life
problems and decision making.

Things to
Remember

Finding the Center and the Radius of a Circle Given the Equation

To find the center and radius of the circle given its equation in general
form, write the equation in the form (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2. Rearrange
the terms and complete the square by adding to both sides of the
equation the square of one-half the coefficient of x and square of one-
half the coefficient of y. Then factor the left side of the equation. You
can now determine the center and the radius of the circle.

Let’s Do This!

Determine the center and radius of each circles given its equation.
a. Given: x2 + y2 = 36

Solution:
_________________ Write in x2 + y2 = r2
Center (__ , __); radius = _____

b. Given: (x + 5)2 + (y – 6)2 = 121

Solution:
_________________ Write in (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
47
 Center (__ , __); radius = _____

c. Given: x2 + y2 – 2x – 6y – 15 = 0

Solution: Write in the form (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2

x2 – 2x + y2 – 6y = ___ rearrange the terms

Complete the square by adding to both sides of the equation the square
of one-half the coefficient of x and square of one-half the coefficient of
y.
1 1
(___) = ___; (___)2 = ___ (___) = ___; (___)2 = ___
2 2

Simplify
x2 – 2x + ___ + y2 – 6y + ___ = 15 + ___ + ___
(x2 – 2x + ___) + (y2 – 6y + ___) = ___ factor
(x – ___)2 + (y – ___)2 = ___ equation in standard form
or (x – ___)2 + (y – ___)2 = ___

Center (__ , __); radius = _____

d. Given: 5x2 + 5y2 + 20x – 30y – 15 = 0

Solution:
5x2 + 5y2 + 20x – 30y = ___

x2 + y2 + ___x – ___y = ___ Divide both side by 5

x2 + ___x + y2 - ___y = ___ rearrange the terms

Complete the square by adding to both sides of the equation the square
of one-half the coefficient of x and square of one-half the coefficient of
y.
1 1
(___) = ___; (___)2 = ___ (___) = ___; (___)2 = ___
2 2

Simplify
x2 + ___x + ___ + y2 – ___y + ___ = 3 + ___ + ___
(x2 + ___x + ___) + (y2 – ___y + ___) = ____ factor
(x + ___)2 + ( y – ___)2 = ____ equation in standard form
2 2 2
or (x + ___) + ( y – ___) = ___

Center (__ , __); radius = _____

48
I Can Do This!

Find the center and the radius of the circle given its equation

Equation in general form Center Radius

a. x2 + y2 = 64
b. (x – 2)2 + (y + 7)2 = 12
c. x2 + y2 + 4x – 5 = 0
d. x2 + y2 – 4x – 2y – 11 = 0
e. 2x2 + 2y2 + 8x + 12y – 6 = 0

Let’s Do More!

Find the center and radius of the each circle given its equation
a. x2 + y2 = 1
b. (x + 7)2 + (y – 3)2 = 49
c. x2 + (y – 5)2 = 3
d. x2 + y2 + 2x – 16y + 53 = 0

Challenge
Yourself!

General equation of a circle is given, transform the equation in standard

form and then give the coordinates of the center and radius.
a. x2 + y2 – 4 = 0
b. x2 + y2 – 16x + 39 = 0
c. x2 + y2 + 2x – 2y – 16 = 0
d. x2 + y2 – 14x + 6y + 48 = 0
e. 3x2 + 3y2 – 5x + y – 6 = 0

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Topic: The Equation of a Circle
Sub-topic: Finding the Center and the Radius of a Circle Given the Equation

OBJECTIVES

a. Determines the center and radius of a circle given its equation;

b. Graphs a circle on the coordinate plane;
c. Appreciate the use of equation of a circle in finding solutions to real-life
problems and decision making.

Things to
Remember

Graphing a Circle in a Cartesian Plane

To graph a circle in a Cartesian planetion

given its equa, determine first the coordinates of the center and the
radius. If the equation of the circle is in the general form, transform it to
the form (x - h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2. Then draw the graph.

Let’s Do This!

Determine the center and radius of the circle that is defined by the
following equations. Then graph ech circle in the coordinate plane (or use
GeoGrebra to graph each).

y
a. x2 + y2 = 25 8

6
Solution:
Center (__ , __); radius = _____ 4

2
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-2

-4

50 -6

-8
 y
8
b. Given: (x – 6)2 + (y + 1)2 = 49
6

Solution: 4
Center (__ , __); radius = _____
2
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-2

-4

-6

-8

c. Given: x2 + y2 – 6x – 8y + 9 = 0

Solution:
Write in the form (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
_____________________________
Center (__ , __); radius = _____

y
8

2
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-2

-4

-6

-8

51
I Can Do This!

Determine the center and radius of the circle that is defined by the
following equations. Then graph each circle in the coordinate plane (or use
GeoGrebra to graph each).

y
a. x2 + y2 = 25 8

2
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-2

-4

-6

-8

y
b. (x + 7)2 + (y – 6)2 = 49 8

2
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-2

-4

-6

-8

52
 c. x2 + y2 + 4x + 8y – 80 = 0
y
8

2
x
-8 -6 -4 -2 2 4 6 8
-2

-4

-6

-8

Let’s Do More!

Find the center and radius of each circle given its equation and draw the
graph.

a. x2 + y2 = 36
b. (x + 7)2 + (y – 5)2 = 144
c. x2 + y2 – 4y – 45 = 0

Challenge
Yourself!

Find the center and radius of each circle given its equation and draw the
graph.

a. x2 + y2 = 100
b. (x + 8)2 + (y + 5)2 = 81
c. x2 + y2 + 8x + 12 = 0
d. x2 + y2 + 2x – 12y – 132 = 0
e. 3x2 + 3y2 – 24x + 24y + 21 = 0
53
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