1.

How can religion be a force for peace in a world increasingly ridden with religious
friction? (5pts.)

Religion, however, can play an important role in peace-making and conflict prevention and resolution.

Religion connects with peace in four major ways:

1. The ideas of human dignity and the common humanity of all, derived from the notion that all
are created in the image of the Divine, are foundational to true peace. Religious concepts of
redemption and forgiveness underpin key post-conflict reconciliation efforts, providing
resources to help societies heal the shattering consequences of war.
2. Interfaith protests often focus attention on peaceful forms of resistance to oppression and
injustice. Think of the religious denunciation of the practices of apartheid and segregation as
sins, or religious efforts to halt ethnic cleansing in Darfur.
3. Religion represents influential civil society communities and institutions, often seen as
representing unifying values that transcend disputed issues; they are often among the most
stable, most trusted entities in crisis venues, capable of contributing to mediating disputes.
Think of the accomplishments of groups like the Community of Sant’Egidio’ among whose
achievements include successfully brokering the 1992 peace agreement in Mozambique after
30 years of civil war. Other examples are interfaith reconciliation efforts in South Africa,
Muslim-Christian coalitions in the aftermath of the Balkan conflicts and ecumenical Christian
efforts in Colombia.

All these interfaith efforts, from Africa to the Middle East to East Asia, do so much good at the
micro level, yet rarely are they able to truly change the short term destiny of countries caught
up in civil war or regional strife. Despite these limitations, it is often the very existence of
interfaith groups that inspires or encourages others to move in the direction of peace, mutual
cooperation and reconciliation.

2. Compare the “brain drain” and “brain gain.” Are these comparable processes? Do they
affect different parts of the world differently? (5pts.)

What is meant by brain gain?

noun. an increase in the number of highly trained, foreign-born professionals entering a country to live
and work where greater opportunities are offered.
Brain drain- the emigration of highly trained or intelligent people from a particular country.

Brain drain and brain gain can be key factors determining the level of competitiveness and talent
attractiveness of a country. On the occasion of the release of this year’s World Talent Ranking we
took an in-depth look at brain drain and gain, and tried to understand what the main drivers of these
phenomena are.

First, let’s look at which countries are the most affected. Among the most negatively impacted are
Croatia (HR), Greece (GR), Bulgaria (BG) and Brazil (BR). They experience high levels of brain drain
without in turn attracting foreign talent (i.e., low brain gain). Mexico (MX), China (CN), India (IN) and
the Philippines (PH), show somewhat high levels of brain drain but they are able to remain relatively
attractive to expat professionals.
3. How is human trafficking different from migration? What are the common means through
which people become involved in human trafficking? (5pts.)

TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS can be understood as requiring an action, means, and purpose: ĵ

ACTION: Recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons; ĵ MEANS:
Threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power
or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve
the consent of a person having control over another person; 1 ĵ PURPOSE: Exploitation;
including the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation,
forced labour or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of
organs.
Trafficking in persons and Smuggling of migrants are different crimes that require different
responses in law, both with regard to the rights of a person who has been the object of one of
these crimes and to the penalty for perpetrators. From a rights holder’s perspective, the
confusion between trafficking and smuggling often leads to States, courts and service
providers failing to identify some migrants as victims of trafficking. States have an obligation to
correctly identify victims of trafficking to ensure that their rights are not further violated and that
they can access assistance, protection measures and solutions, including physical and mental
health support, witness protection and remedies. States must create a framework to ensure
that this identification does take place.

4. What attributes of a global city does Metro Manila reflect? (5pts.)

The term "global city" refers to cities that are big contributors in the global economic system.
All the cities ranked in these reports collectively represent about 29% of the global economy,
with a combined GDP of $20.2 trillion. the overall grade of Manila in the GCCI is low, the city
performs well in some individual categories.
Manila got the highest mark in 'social and cultural character' category with 61.6, and lowest
mark in 'economic strength' category with 34. the overall grade of Manila in the GCCI is low,
the city performs well in some individual categories.
They are assessed according to:

 strengths (gross domestic product growth, middle class growth, infrastructure improvement,
and improvement in ease of doing business)
 vulnerabilities (higher pollution levels, increased insecurity and instability rates, corruption, and
a deteriorating healthcare system)

5. Can the Philippines reap the dividends of demographic transition? Explain your answer.

Yes, the country will reap but it will take a very long time for us to take the dividens. The Philippine
economy is poised to undergo accelerated growth as a result of demographic dividends as early as
2025, if it can moderate population growth and invest in human capital.

In an explainer, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) cited the Philippine
Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022 emphasizing the need for a sustained universal health care
program and reproductive health policies to reduce mortality and fertility rates.
“The Philippines is expected to be the last major Asian economy to benefit from the demographic
dividend between the years 2025-2070. If not properly addressed, the country would need to wait
until at least 2050 to benefit from the demographic dividend, or possibly miss it all together,” it said.

The NEDA said the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health (RPRH) law must be fully
implemented, along with adequate investment in human capital, particularly health and education for
children and the youth, in general. “We need to fully implement the RPRH Law to speed up the
demographic transition. If fully implemented now, we should get there by 2025,” Socioeconomic
Planning Secretary and NEDA Director-General Ernesto Pernia said.

“When people are able to care for their reproductive health and plan for their families, they can save
more and invest in their children better. This will lead to a population that is healthier and well
educated,” he said.

6. Why do some academics link global city with colonialism?

Using the example of London, the idea of the global city is shown to share historical links with colonial
exploits. What is understood as a symbol of progress, the supposedly modern city, was built on and
fed through a structure of unequal power relations with other cities. King therefore pays homage to
the Foucauldian sense of the discursive formulation of concepts.

Any study of space is interdisciplinary by default. It will inadvertently bring in research from sociology,
architecture, anthropology, history, politics, literature, and cultural theory, to name a few. The
definition of colonialism is the act of one nation controlling another for economic gain. An example
of colonialism was England's control over India.

7. Does the proportion of religious belief or atheism in a country determine its peace? Explain
your answer.

Religion has been a major feature in some historical conflicts and the most recent wave of modern
terrorism. Religion has taken on extra significance today because globalisation is challenging and
changing everything. Religious identity not only survives but can take on heightened significance
when national and political alliances break apart. So, It does not determine its peace. It divides the
idea of people that will raise conflicts among each other.

8. Is religion key to understanding what drives peace?

The only significant connection between peace and religion found in the models is that high levels of
peace are related to either low levels of religious diversity or high levels of religious diversity as
measured through IEP’s Religious Diversity Index. Moderate levels of diversity see lower levels of
peace highlighting the bell curve nature of the link between peace and religious diversity. As
previously mentioned some of the main determinants of peace are corruption, political instability,
political terror, gender and economic inequality and governance. Appendix D contains a table of the
results of the multivariate regression analysis. CORRELATIONS WITH PEACE AND RELIGIOUS
FREEDOM AND RELIGIOUS HOSTILITIES Countries with greater religious freedoms are generally
more peaceful, whereas countries with less religious freedom are generally less peaceful. Religious
freedom is defined as the absence of government restrictions towards religious practice and
expression, whereas religious hostility is defined as the absence of aggression or violence towards
particular religious beliefs and practices in a society. The Government Restrictions Index has been
used to measure religious freedom and the Social Hostilities Index has been used to measure
religious hostilities. a contradiction which has been played out through history; on the one hand
religion has been a motivator of conflict, yet it has also been pivotal in developing key concepts of
peace and non-violence as well as creating peace.

9. Has globalization facilitated or obstructed greater labor migration?

Globalization is a major driving force of international labour migration. For many, international
migration has become global, in so far as globalization means greater circulation of goods, people
and capital and also greater velocity in world politics. Globalization has transformed the nature of
international migration not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively. Globalization has triggered
greater mobility, and there are qualitative changes in migration dynamics brought forward by the
diversity of regions and people now involved in the process of migration. There are various factors
affecting migration like demographic factors, economic factors etc. Because of low rates of native
population growth across the advanced industrial world, migration is already a large demographic
force. Between 1985 and 1990, international migrants accounted for about one quarter of the
developed world’s population growth.

10. Is the heightened flow of people a unique feature of the current global era?

People have been moving around the world long before the word immigration was ever mentioned. It
is safe to assume that necessity was the reason small populations migrated to different places.
Besides not caring much about racial issues unlike today, national borders were unheard of so people
move and intermarry regularly.

People today move for various reasons like work, leisure, tours, looking for a partner like what
western men do, shopping and many others. So YES, the current global era with its many ways of
traveling has created a heightened flow of people around the world.

Naa say answer nga No, The heightened flow of people is not a unique feature of the current global
era but the way which migration has occurred is unique. Because of technology,it has taken over for
some forms of physical migration.

-Does global media protect or destroy cultural diversity?

-Does global media promote more cultural homogenization or diversification?
-What is the difference between media imperialism and cultural globalization?
-Do you consider media as the culprit of the proliferation of terrorism in the world?
-Has globalization obstructed or facilitated population growth?
-Brain drain vs brain gain