Health Economics with Taxation and Land Reforms

Chapter 5

Demand for Health Services Change in Demand for Healthcare

In the Philippines, demands for health services are significantly Shifting the demand from Demand 1 to Demand 2 indicates
affected by numerous factors such as: increasing demand
Illiteracy
Unawareness
Inexperience
Probably they didn’t aware of their role as consumers of
health services rather than a simple purchaser of
commodities

Lack of knowledge concerning their actual need for health care is

also an important factor – based on the judgment of healthcare
provider.

Not all demand for healthcare services are the same, an aware Shifting the demand from Demand 2 to Demand 1 indicates
individual may demand more care than is required. decreasing demand

Need is generally driven by:

Occurrence of illness
Prevalence of medical attention
While demand is determined by:
Interrelationship between illness and other factors

If the government will educate the people of demanding healthcare

services, then the people may become more aware and educated,
thus the demand for healthcare providers will increase and this will
boost the economy.
Health Economics with Taxation and Land Reforms
Chapter 5

Health and Economic Development Health and Economic Development Study

Basic measures of economic development The government must study on how to boost the economy by
Population growth focusing on the:
Malnutrition Cost of health care services
Sanitation Healthcare products
Education Facilities
Healthcare expenditure
Economic progress and advancement of technology is not a simple
process, it is a complex combination of economic, cultural, social, Implementing the National Health Information Infrastructure
environmental, Physiological and of course political factors.
These systems are integrated through a central database system
The World Health Organization states that: that are controlled and protected by government health institution
“the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health such as DOH
is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without Electronic health record system
distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social Hospital information system
condition” Clinical information system
Patient information management system
Economic Development Healthcare information system
Growing share in the economy, trading and industry
Growing percentage of inhabitants in cities rather than the With the hospital departmental computer systems such as
countryside laboratory, microbiology, and pharmacy connected to the network,
Control of population growth, during which the age institutions generally collect and store data in central data
structure of the country changes dramatically repository.
Significant changes in consumption patterns as people no
longer spend all their income on necessities
Meeting the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Participation by the citizens of the country
Health Economics with Taxation and Land Reforms
Chapter 5

Decision-Making Process in the Philippines

Helping nurses, clinicians and other healthcare provider make
The very basic question every practitioner nurses and other better decisions all the time is the main objective of the automated
healthcare provider and most especially health students is what can decision support system.
computers do today to support clinical decision-making?
Public Health System Problem with Assessment Data
Health Insurance
Pharmaceutical Company When assessment data are missing, regardless of the cause, the end
Health Science Institutions result is either and oversight of nursing diagnoses, erroneous
Hospitals diagnoses, or incorrect qualifying statements about the diagnoses.
Research Agencies
Health Agencies Inappropriate data clustering may occur when the nurse lacks
Physicians sufficient theoretical and clinical expertise and knowledge to
Government appropriately cluster data cues.
Industry
General Public Modeling of Medical Knowledge
Others
It takes a collaborative effort of:
Decision makers must know how to: Nurses
Set appropriate goals for a task Healthcare providers
How to reason about each goal Clinicians
How to make explicit the risk between human life and Physicians
suffering IT expert
Policy makers
Automated Decision Support System Hospital management
Government agencies
Automated or computer based decision supports system are
customized computer programs develop primarily to support nurses
and other healthcare provider in decision making and initial
assessment of the condition
Health Economics with Taxation and Land Reforms
Chapter 5

Evidence-Based Decision-Making Process Decision Complexity

Nursing 1 Nursing 2 Time-limited decision-making activity – Nurses described situations

-Busy Medical -Not so busy in which rapid decisions were expected, consequently,
Admission Unit -10 patients per opportunities for seeking information beyond what was readily
-40 to 50 patient day available were perceived as severely restricted.
per day -Health Visitor
-Critical Disease

Nursing 3 Nursing 4
-Information -Pharmaceutical
-40 to 50 patient and Dispensing
per day -200 drug order
-Admission and per day
Visitor

Nurses working on different environment, different processes, and

different condition have a different set of decision challenges and
the decision time needed.

Computerized Evidence-Based Decision-Making Process

-it can be integrated to health information system through the use

of statistical information system. The decision will be reinforce by
factual information translated by the software that is incorporated
or embedded in the program.