Pharmacology

Submitted to: Maam Leilani Estacio

Submitted by: Desiree Nicole Castañeda
 “Sambong or blumea camphor”

Image Indication Effectiveness Nursing

Responsibilities

Used to treat: Duration:  Evaluate all

information before
 Urolithiasis
providing the herb
(urinary tract or
to the patient
kidney stones)
Peak:  Advice patients to
 Urinary tract
consult their doctors
infections
is symptoms persist
 Reduces high
 Assist patient in
blood pressure
Onset: terms of amount of
 Anti-diarrheal administration

 Anti-spasmotic
 Treat some
symptoms of the
common cold

Contraindication:
 People sensitive
to ragweed
plants and its
relatives
 Pregnant and
lactating women
 “Niyog-Niyogan or rangoon creeper”

Image Indication Effectiveness Nursing Responsibilities

 Rheumatism Duration: NA  Inform the patient
that the seeds are
 Relieve
taken 2 hours after
headache
supper. If no worms
 Treat boils and are expelled, the
Peak: 4-5hours
ulcers dose may be
repeated after one
 Dysuria
week.
 To alleviate
 Advice patients to
flatulence Onset: 1-2
consult their doctors
hours
as improper dosing
may cause hiccups
Contraindication:
 Assist patient in
 Children below 4
terms of amount of
years old
administration
 Advice patients
to consult their
doctors as
improper dosing
may cause
hiccups
 “Ampalaya”

Image Indication Effectiveness Nursing

Responsibilities

Used to treat: Duration: NA  Notify patient that

this herb may
 Diabetes
actually produce
 Helps prevent negative effects if
some types of they’re are currently
Peak: NA
cancer taking medications
to regulate blood
 Colitis, dysentery
sugar
and intestinal
parasites  Advice patients to
Onset: 15-60
consult their
 Spleen and liver minutes
doctors is
problems
symptoms persist
 Mild cough
 Heal wounds
 Gout
 Helps in lowering
blood pressure
 For treatment of
hemorrhoids

Contraindication:
 Pregnant and
lactating women
should not
consume bitter
melon
 People with
glucose-6-phosp
hate
dehydrogenase
deficiency
 Children
  people with
history of allergy
to gourds and
melon

“Bawang or Garlic”

Image Indication Effectiveness Nursing

Responsibilities
 Helps lower bad Duration: 4-25  Assess patients
cholesterol levels weeks knowledge of their
(LDL) health status,
diseases, and
 Aids in lowering
treatments
blood pressure
Peak: NA  Identify any
 Help prevent
potential
certain types of
interactions of
cancer
herbal remedies and
 Boosts immune document them in
Onset:NA
system the medical record,
then follow up with
 Cough and cold
the patient and
remedy
provider as
 Relieves sore indicated
throat
 Assist patient in
 Kills skin fungus terms of amount of
administration

Contraindication:
 People with
sensitive skin
applications may
cause skin burns
and rashes
 Pregnant women
 “Bayabas leaves or guava”

Image Indication Effectiveness Nursing

Responsibilities

 Antiseptic, Duration:4-12  Evaluate all

astringent & weaks information before
anthelminthic providing the herb
to the patient
 Kills bacteria,
fungi and  Identify any
amoeba Peak: 8 hours potential
interactions of
 Used to treat
herbal remedies and
diarrhea,
document them in
nosebleeding
the medical record,
Onset: NA
 For then follow up with
Hypertension, the patient and
diabetes and provider as
Asthma indicated

 Promotes
menstruation
 Prevents
pimples,
blackheads and
skin blemishes

Contraindication:
 “Lagundi or five-leaved chaste tree”

Image Indication Effectiveness Nursing

Responsibilities
 Relief of asthma Duration: NA  Assess patients
& pharyngitis knowledge of their
health status,
 Rheumatism
diseases, and
 Dyspepsia treatments
Peak: NA
 Boils  Identify any
potential
 Diarrhea
interactions of
 Treatment of herbal remedies and
Onset: NA
cough, colds, document them in
fever and flu and the medical record,
other then follow up with
bronchopulmona the patient and
ry disorders provider as
indicated
 Alleviate
symptoms of
Chicken Pox

Contraindication:
 People allergic to
some plants
 “Yerba buena or mint”

Image Indication Effectiveness Nursing

Responsibilities

 Headache, Duration: NA  Evaluate all

stomach ache information before
providing the herb
 Rheumatism
to the patient
 Arthritis
Peak: NA  Advice patients to
 Cough and colds consult their
doctors is
 Swollen Gums
symptoms persist
 Toothaches
Onset: NA  Assist patient in
 Menstrual and terms of amount of
gas pain administration

 Nausea and
fainting
 Insect bites

Contraindication:
 Pregnant and
lactating women
 People with
kidney disorders
 People with liver
disease
 “Access to data and analytics to drive outcomes and operational efficiency”

Whether health systems grow organically or through acquisitions, it is not uncommon to have a dozen
or more disparate databases housing critical clinical and operational data. Organizations can use this
information to make better financial, clinical and operational decisions and drive improved outcomes.
However, a health system’s or hospital pharmacy’s analytics will only be as effective as its source data,
which is why it’s important that IT platforms throughout the system have electronic data exchange (EDI)
functionality. If the data is not searchable or easily accessible, it cannot have a meaningful impact on
patient care or help physicians make better decisions. With advanced analytics, users can track and
monitor drug spend and utilization, optimize and reduce drug costs, explain drug usage and cost variances,
and improve staff efficiency by reducing time spent gathering data.

Source: 019 McKesson Corporation

Site: https://www.mckesson.com/blog/top-five-health-system-pharmacy-trends-to-watch-in-2018/
Date: January 02, 2018

Reflection:
We’re living in a world of data, with virtually every action tracked, captured and recorded somewhere.
The amount of data being acquired and stored is increasing astronomically. Capturing data is one thing.
Turning it into actionable insights is quite another
One of the trends in nursing pharmacology is the improvement of the source of information and the
foundation of communication of each health provider or the research team itself. The ideal state is that a
patient datum must be clear, accessible but confidential especially in drug administration. Unfortunately,
these things do not happen most of the time resulting of health practitioners confusion and drug error.
In solution to these problems IT platforms must have electronic data exchange functionality so that
the waves of communication, the databases will be available in every health practitioners to provide
proper patient care and minimize time to do different activity. Also, with improved analytic, they can track
and monitor drug spend and utilization, optimized and reduce drug costs that will help not just the
community but the sick in need and, explain drug usage and cost variances. On the back end, it’s no longer
enough to locate and mitigate system failures as quickly as possible after they happen. Now the goal is to
anticipate them and take the necessary actions to prevent patient error from ever happening in the first
place.
 “Continued growth in specialty market will create new opportunities”

The specialty pharmaceuticals market continues to grow dramatically and health systems are seeing
the largest increase in specialty procurement. While 81 percent of health plans are covering at least one
biosimilar product, according to research from Avalere Health1, limited networks and exclusive
distribution channels for many specialty pharmaceuticals create barriers to access and reimbursement.
Despite these barriers, specialty pharmacy can generate significant revenue and internal capabilities can
support health systems’ quality and continuity of care initiatives. Whether health systems want to build,
buy or partner, they can leverage resources to develop the required clinical and operational competencies
and expertise.

Source: 2019 McKesson Corporation

Site: https://www.mckesson.com/blog/top-five-health-system-pharmacy-trends-to-watch-in-2018/
Date: January 02, 2018

Reflection:
Increased in population of citizens means a new and improved health needs for everyone. Some are
lucky enough to undergo or experience the distributed paraphernalia or medicines in particular.
Unfortunately, these things do not happen to everyone, including those who are far from the city but
instead, to supply their health needs practitioners must be creative enough and use the limited resources
available to them to provide proper patient care for patients or the family.
 “Industry consolidation to drive centralized service centers”

The industry continues to see tremendous consolidation in all areas, including providers, payors, and
vendors. Ongoing mergers and consolidation drive the need for centralization of pharmacy operations
designed to help large health systems utilize a centralized hub to manage costs, improve order entry and
verification, and standardize policies and procedures. Health system pharmacies have the opportunity to
centralize services such as order entry, compounding, packaging, and dispensing that allows clinicians to
focus on patient care and drive costs down through improved inventory management and supply chain
visibility. Creating one central formulary for the system is a complex issue but a must to ensure
consistency of patient care and optimal patient outcomes. Standardizing drugs throughout a medical
system reduces variation, which limits medication pick errors, increases patient safety and improves
patient care.

Source: 2019 McKesson Corporation

Site: https://www.mckesson.com/blog/top-five-health-system-pharmacy-trends-to-watch-in-2018/
Date: January 02, 2018

Reflection:
By consolidating some citizens under an organization, that will help manage over-cost products.
Pharmacy or health practitioners will be able to focus on much larger issue to prevent error. The firm
eliminates the possibility of different standards and practices being applied in different areas to exclude
miscommunication in treating patients in need. Also, proper drug distribution centers in sub-urban or rural
areas, significantly reducing their costs.
When data centers are spread across locations, it is a challenge for organization particulary the
pharmacy to make sure that its IT operations comply with standard and advanced regulations and
processes. Multiple IT teams, disparate IT systems and resources always make it difficult to ensure
compliance to a single, global set of standards. Consolidated data centers make it easier to implement
processes because of centralized nature of operations and fewer IT teams.
 “Health system pharmacies as source for generating revenue”

As a growing percentage of health systems’ revenue comes from outside the hospital, pharmacies are
an increasingly important source of revenue. In addition to the obvious expansion into specialty
pharmaceuticals, capturing discharged prescriptions, working with outpatient infusion clinics, optimizing
340B opportunities, maximizing patient assistance and recovery programs, and expanding retail and
ambulatory pharmacy services are just a few ways pharmacies can generate revenue. The hospital
pharmacy can be an overlooked piece of the revenue cycle, and given the complexities in reimbursement,
many systems are leaving money on the table. Recovery solutions help hospitals ensure that the
pharmacy revenue cycle is running efficiently.

Source: 2019 McKesson Corporation

Site: https://www.mckesson.com/blog/top-five-health-system-pharmacy-trends-to-watch-in-2018/
Date: January 02, 2018

Reflection:
Patients want health care closer to them, and health-system pharmacies are working to expand
services into retail sites and medical clinics. In addition to having easier access to care for patients, health
systems also benefit by having these programs capture information on patients and have the ability to
track their care.
Pharmacy directors also are facing increasing pressure to utilize data and analytics for optimizing
health system pharmacy growth. In this way, they are able to
 Renewed interest in 340B to address growing oversight and reimbursement changes

The ongoing policy debate over the 340B Drug Pricing Program has raised health system leadership
interest in the 340B program to fund hospitals’ mission and support community benefit. While
participation in 340B adds complexity to pharmacy operations, the cost savings and opportunities are
significant. As a result, pharmacy and supply chain leaders have renewed their focus on 340B to address
rising drug costs and to foster specialty and retail partnerships for expanded patient care access and
support. With increasing Health Resources & Services Administration audits, health systems must be able
to demonstrate accountability and best practice compliance. To help navigate the complexities of 340B
and patient assistance programs, health systems can draw on the expertise of industry experts to develop
actionable recommendations to optimize program participation and utilize a robust 340B management
software package for audit preparations.

Source: 2019 McKesson Corporation

Site: https://www.mckesson.com/blog/top-five-health-system-pharmacy-trends-to-watch-in-2018/
Date: January 02, 2018
1. Cutting Back on Melanoma Biopsies
With the most deadly form of skin cancer, melanoma, a huge number of dangerous-looking moles are
actually harmless, but has always been impossible to know for sure without an invasive surgical biopsy.
Today dermatologists have new help in making the right call — a handheld tool approved by the FDA for
multispectral analysis of tissue morphology. The MelaFind optical scanner is not for definitive diagnosis
but rather to provide additional information a doctor can use in determining whether or not to order a
biopsy. The goal is to reduce the number of patients left with unnecessary biopsy scars, with the added
benefit of eliminating the cost of unnecessary procedures. The MelaFind technology (MELA Sciences,
Irvington, NY) uses missile navigation technologies originally paid for the Department of Defense to
optically scan the surface of a suspicious lesion at 10 electromagnetic wavelengths. The collected signals
are processed using heavy-duty algorithms and matched against a registry of 10,000 digital images of
melanoma and skin disease.

2. Electronic Aspirin
For people who suffer from migraines, cluster headaches, and other causes of chronic, excruciating head
or facial pain, the "take two aspirins and call me in the morning" method is useless. Doctors have long
associated the most severe, chronic forms of headache with the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), a facial
nerve bundle, but haven't yet found a treatment that works on the SPG long-term. A technology under
clinical investigation at Autonomic Technologies, Inc., (Redwood City, CA) is a patient-powered tool for
blocking SPG signals at the first sign of a headache. The system involves the permanent implant of a small
nerve stimulating device in the upper gum on the side of the head normally affected by headache. The
lead tip of the implant connects with the SPG bundle, and when a patient senses the onset of a headache,
he or she places a handheld remote controller on the cheek nearest the implant. The resulting signals
stimulate the SPG nerves and block the pain-causing neurotransmitters.

3. Needle-Free Diabetes Care

Diabetes self-care is a pain—literally. It brings the constant need to draw blood for glucose testing, the
need for daily insulin shots and the heightened risk of infection from all that poking. Continuous glucose
monitors and insulin pumps are today's best options for automating most of the complicated daily process
of blood sugar management – but they don't completely remove the need for skin pricks and shots. But
there's new skin in this game. Echo Therapeutics (Philadelphia, PA) is developing technologies that would
replace the poke with a patch. The company is working on a transdermal biosensor that reads blood
analytes through the skin without drawing blood. The technology involves a handheld
electric-toothbrush-like device that removes just enough top-layer skin cells to put the patient's blood
chemistry within signal range of a patch-borne biosensor. The sensor collects one reading per minute and
sends the data wirelessly to a remote monitor, triggering audible alarms when levels go out of the
patient's optimal range and tracking glucose levels over time.