Geothermal Anomaly

Mapping Using
Landsat ETM+ Data
in Ilan Plain,
Northeastern Taiwan
HAI-PO CHAN, CHUNG-PAI CHANG, and PHUONG D. DAO

Aisya Nur Hafiyya K. || 03411640000032

 geophysical methods are
“ limited to the scope of
prospecting because of the
operation cost and site
reachability in the field.

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 Aim
to apply and integrate thermal
infrared (TIR) remote sensing
technology with existing geophysical
methods for the geothermal
exploration in Taiwan.

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 Method
Thermal Infrared (TIR) : to
retrieves land surface temperature
and thermal anomaly using
Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic
Mapper Plus (ETM+) imagery

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 Why Ilan Plain?
⪢ Taiwan is located in the Pacific Rim of Fire,
thus possesses rich geothermal resources
from volcanic activities of the plate
convergence

⪢ Ilan Plain is a geologically active area

affiliated with the Okinawa Trough.
⪢ The area is mainly covered by Oligocene to
Miocene rocks (shale and sandstone in the
main) and quaternary alluvial deposits.

⪢ Evaluated thermal gradient of 30 water wells

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Geothermal System
Identification
 From a several geophysical methods
conducted in Ilan Plain, concluded:

⪢ The high heat flow and geothermal

gradient are caused by the presence of
a magma chamber in the shallow
crust and shallow intrusive igneous
rock.
⪢ Geothermal fluid was heated by the
hot rock in Chingshui geothermal field
⪢ Geothermal reservoir of Chingshui is
likely linked with Chingshuihsi
fracture zone.
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 Methodology

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 Main Process

Landsat ETM
+ data

LS

ing
TP

Pr Data
ess
rof

oc
ile
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 Using MODTRAN
Using MODTRAN

Using Plank Function

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 the Use of :
Thermal Bands Near-Infrared Bands

To retrieve the To retrieve the surface

temperature of data (vegetation,
subsurface drought areas, etc)

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 Retrieved LSTs Ilan Plain

Thermal Band Near-Infrared Band

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14 LST compared with fault structure and depth contour
 Discussion
⪢ The pattern of thermal anomaly is consistent
with those presented in the previous studies
(Chiang et al. 1979, 2007)
⪢ the features beneath the plain are not much
investigated due to the thick sediment deposit.
⪢ spatial correlations between thermal
anomalies and faults for areas near mountains
is more significant than areas near the plain
center
⪢ Results indicate that area A, E, and F are three
sightseeing geothermal landscapes where hot
springs and hydrothermal explosions are
widely distributed.
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 LST x MT
comparing LST profile to a geophysical method

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 LST profiles compared with MT resistivity section of profile A and profile B from Tong et al. 2008. The low-resistivity
17 zones identified in the resistivity sections (c, d) are echoed in the LST profiles (a, b)
 Discussion
⪢ The significant low-resistivity zones
observed in the resistivity sections
(Fig. 14c, d) are echoed with the low-
temperature zones of LST profiles
⪢ The low-resistivity zones in the
resistivity sections contain rocks with
higher porosity and permeability, and
water saturation (amount of water),
may subsequently lead to the lower
temperature on LST.

*) Previous MT surveys in the study area show that conductive structures with significant low-resistivity
18 (less than 100X-m) usually were identified as the fracture zone
 Conclusion

• the occurrences of hot springs and

geothermal drillings are in close
agreement with anomaly areas.
• Thermal anomaly patterns
indicate that the distributions of
geothermal areas appear
correlating with the development
of faulted structures in Ilan plain.

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