ABEER NASIM

15006101014
ANTHROPOLOGY
IBRAHIM MEHMOOD
ASSIGNMENT-3
 WALTER GROPIUS

 INTRODUCTION:
1. WALTER GROPIUS - GEORGE WALTER ADOLF GROPIUS.
2. BORN IN BERLIN ON 18 MAY 1883.
3. WAS A GERMAN AMERICAN ARCHITECT AND AN EDUCATOR.
4. HE WAS AN INFLUTENTIAL PROPONENT OF MODERN DESIGN AND FURTHERED HIS
IDEAS THROUGH BAUHAUS SCHOOL DESIGN, THROUGH HIS OWN ARCHITECTURAL
WORKS AND HIS LONG YEARS OF TEACHING AT HARVARD.
5. HE WAS TAUGHT BY HIS FATHER, HE ALSO WAS AN ARCHITECT AND LEARNED THE
STUDY OF PROPORTIONS WITH ACTUAL ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSIONS BY HIS
UNCLE. HE TOOK 7 MONTHS STUDY IN SPAIN AND MET PETER BEHRENS IN 1908
AND WORKED UNDER HIM.
6. IN 1934, HE MOVED TO U.K. LONDON, WHERE HE WAS THE CONTROLLER OF
DESIGN.
7. IN 1937, HE DEPARTED LONDON FOR NEW YORK AND HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
8. AT AN AGE WHEN MOST MEN RETIRE, GROPIUS BEGAN HIS CARRIER IN FULL
VITALITY AND ENTHUSIASIM. UNFORTUNATELY, ARCH COMMISIONS DID NOT
MATCH WITH THAT ENTHUSIASIM.
 THOUGHTS:
1. GROPIUS WAS NOT ONLY AN ARCHITECT BUT AN EDUCATOR TOO, HIS PSYCHOLOGY
WAS INFLUENCED BY THE CONSTANT SOURCE OF LEARNING AND IMPARTING THAT
KNOWLEDGE AROUND HIMSELF.
2. HIS INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS WERE DIFFERENT IN THE TEACHING AT HARVARD
UNIVERSITY. HIS DESIGN HAS FULL COMMAND OF THE ELEMENTS OF
ARCHITECTURE, WHICH WERE TO CONSTITUTE THE INTERNATIONAL MODERN
STYLE, THAT IS GLASS CURTAIN WALLS, UNRELEVANT TO BE BIG BLOCK AND
CORNER LEFT FREE OF VISIBLE SUPPORTS.
3. HE BELIEVED THAT ALL ARTIST MUST BE FAMILIAR WITH THE CRAFTS AND INITIAL
TRAINING FOR ARTIST AND CRAFTMAN SHOULD BE SAME i.e. INTRODUCTION TO
FORM, COLOUR, NATURE OF MATERIAL.
4. HIS PROGRAMME WAS WRITTEN TO ENCOURAGE COLLABORATIVE EFFORTS WITH
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING DEPTT.
5. THROUGH ORGANANISATION BY STUDENTS THEMSELVES.
 6. IN THOSE TIMES THE USE OF MACHINE WAS ENCOURAGED BECAUSE OF THE PHASE
OF INDUSTRILASATION.
7. HE REALIZED THE INTERDEPENDENCE OF MACHINE AND ARCHITECTURE, THUS
ENCOURAGED THE USE OF PREFABRICATED UNITS.
8. IN HIS BELIEF PRE-FABRICATION IS A LOGICAL PROGRESSIVE PROCESS AIMED AT
RISING STANDARD OF BUILDING.
 PHILOSPHY:
His phylosophy was based on MODERN ARCHITECTURE.
the modern architecture includes international style.
The most common characteristics of International Style buildings are said to be:
i. rectilinear forms;
ii. light, taut plane surfaces that have been completely stripped of applied
ornamentation and decoration;
iii. open interior spaces;
iv. a visually weightless quality engendered by the use of cantilever construction. Glass
and steel, in combination with usually less visible reinforced concrete, are the
characteristic materials of the construction
 INTERNATIONAL STYLE FEATURES:
i. Simple geometry often rectangular
ii. Used of modern materials like steel and glass
iii. Smooth surface
iv. Primary colours
v. Linear and horizontal elements
 FAMOUS BUILDINGS :

 BAUHAUS MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS :

i. Form follows function
ii. True materials
iii. True materials
 iv. Gesamtkunstwerk
v. Uniting art and technology

 CASE STUDY:
 BAUHAUS, DESSAU, GERMANY
DESIGNED BY GROPIUS AND HIS PARTNER MEYER WITH CERTAIN AMOUNTOF
PARTICIPATION FROM STUDENTS.
i. THE COMPLEX CONSISTS OF FIVE MAIN ELEMENTS FULLY GLAZED 3 STOREYED:
ii. WORKSHOP BLOCK.
iii. TEACHING BLOCK.
iv. SOCIAL AREAS.
v. A 5-STOREYED STUDY BLOCK.
vi. AN ADMINISTRATIVE WING SPANNING THE ROADWAY
 TO PRODUCE A SEPARATION OF EACH OF THESE FUNCTIONS FROM OTHERS, AT THE SAME
TIME NOT ISOLATING THEM BUT BRINGING THEM TOGETHER INTO EFFICIENT INTEGRATION.
 WORKSHOPS NOTICEABLY MORE INDUSTRIAL, PARTICULARLY IN THEIR WINDOW
 THE SQUARE PENALLED METAL WINDOWS ARE TYPICAL OF MASS PRODUCED INDUSTRIAL
UNITS.
 AESTHETICALLY BAUHAUS WAS AN ADVANCED BUILDING BUT TECHNOLOGICALLY-
PROBABLY BECAUSE OF THE LIMITED FUNDS, IT WAS ,SOMEWAY BEHIND THE
CONTEMPORARY WORKS.
 BAUHAUS IS ENCLOSED BY GLASS CURTAINS THE CURTAIN GLASS WALLING WAS FIRST USED
IN FAGUS FACTORY -1911 AND THEN USED WITH CERTAIN REFINEMENT.
 THE WHOLE CUBE SEEMS LIKE TO IMMENSE HORIZONTAL PLAINS FLOATING ON THE
GROUND.
 GIANT LIGHT CUBE DAZZLING WHITE LIGHT FROM EVERY WALL.
 THE HIGH GLASS WALLS REVEALING THE LIGHT STEEL STRUCTURE…. DELINEATED IN ALL ITS
TRANSPARENCY BY THE IRON GRID OF ITS EXTERIOR STRUCTURE.
VIEW OF THE COMPLEX IN WHICH THE ELEVATIONS SHOW THE LINEAR NATURE OF THE
INDIVIDUAL STRUCTURES.
 THE COMPLEX IS DIVIDED INTO THREE MAIN WINGS.
 THE STUDIO APARTMENTS ARE CONNECTED BY AUDITORIUM, CANTEEN, KITCHENS AND
GYMNASIUM TO THE LONG NARROW THE WING ON LEFT IS THE SCHOOL OF ARTS AND
CRAFTS, WING ON THE RIGHT ACCOMMODATE THE WORKSHOP.

BLOCK VIEW OF BAUHAUS BUILDING:

1. WORKSHOP
2. DINING HALL

3. STUDIO WORKSHOP

4. ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE

5. TRADE SCHOOL