Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
DONE AT
BY
THE DEPARTMENT OF
JULY, 2018.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Excursion can be defined as a short journey to a place of interest usually for pleasure, it can also
The excursion was carried out at FUMMAN FARMS NIGERIA LIMITED. The farm is
located at Orile-Osupa, Ogo-Oluwa local government, Oyo State.we were welcomed by the field
supervisor in person of Mr olarenwaju Femi aswell lectured by the farm consultant in person of mr
Ralph Ojah.
The farm was established in the year 2006 with the sole aim of cultivating fruit crops such as
Citrus,Guava, pineapple and Mango.Thereby acquiring a large expanse of land with the total mass of
135hectares. It is subsidiary of the funman group of companies. The farm started with the planting of
To prove to students that they can be their own employers and even create job for others.
To demonstrate a seeing is believing kind of experience for those areas where facilities are
2
To avail internees the further demonstration of what they have learnt during the internship
period.
For pleasure in a sense that internees enjoy themselves, mix with one another and the staff
FUMMAN FARMS is a group of companies and is a place where raw materials are produced
for juice such as guava, pawpaw, pineapple, citrus and passion fruits.
3
CHAPTER TWO
PRODUCTION
This involved the propagation of crops on the farm and all measures taken to protect the crops
against diseases and pest that may affect their development and production for human and
development.
This is the removal of vegetations from a virgin land and this is done through ploughing and
harrowing. The land is first plough for 10-14days and after that the second ploughing is done. The time
between the first and second ploughing can be used to treat The soil against weed using systemic
herbicide and you can leave it for 5days before you can harrow it. Harrowing is used for smoothen the
Planting Materials
The planting materials include suckers, crown and slip, the materials should be disinfected
against diseases with a mixture of insecticides and fungicide by dipping the planting materials into the
Planting Activities
For commercial purposes you can plant 40,000 suckers per hectares and 40cm by 40cm by
80cm spacing can be used. Fertilizers can be applied 3month after planting such as ammonium sulphate
4
or you can use urea, crown is preferred mostly for planting pineapple because crown resist disease
more than the sucker, it takes 2months for pineapple to flower normally but if they stimulate them it
will flower in 7wks and pineapple can be ready for harvest in the next 5months from the day they are
induced.
Weed Control
They can be controlled manually using hand, hoe and they can also be controlled using
chemicals such as herbicide, there are herbicide pineapple tolerance such as atraxin, fusolade,
eagrowfly, manual spraying reduce cost, boom sprayer and knapsack sprayer can be used for applying
the chemicals, pineapple is a shallow rooted crop so fertilizer is applied in the 3rdmonth and the second
Diseases
The following are diseases that attack pineapplesheartrut, mealy bug, nematodes etc.
Irrigation of pineapples
Sprinkler and dam irrigation can be used for planting pineapple, dam irrigation can be done in
Smooth cayenne
Sugar loof
MD-2
Slit
5
Fig. 1: Pineapple
VARIETIES OF CITRUS
Varieties of orange include
Agege sweet
Washington larva
Midnight valential
Valential late
BUDDING
Budding is used for citrus, Branches of the orange to be cloned is selected and a bud is removed with a
sharp blade, the band of a rootstock stem is cut longitudinally at 4-6 inches above ground and
transversally at the base of the first cut forming aninverted ‘T’cut . The bud is inverted from the bottom
up in the prepared inverted ‘’T” cut on the root storm stem, the bud is wrapped with a plastic strip.
1. Secateur
2. Budding knife
3. Budding wood
4. Budding tape
5. Scion
7
Fig. 4: Budding
GRAFTING
Grafting is used for mango, grafting a mango tree involve transferring a piece of a mature, bearing tree
1. Grafting knife
3. Grafting tape
5. Dormant scions
NURSERY OPERATION
Nursery operation is a place where young plants are tendered for intensive care before they are
transferred to the farm, nursery bags were filled with soil and poultry waste for planting of cocoa seeds
and mango seeds and they are kept in a control environment under green house.
8
Fig 5: A screen house for nursing young seedlings
CHAPTER THREE
3.1CONCLUSION
This has afforded the opportunity to be exposed to various aspects of agricultural production
such as raw materials used in the production of the juice.It has also given students a platform to
3.2 RECOMMENDATION
The faculty should engage the student in more excursion programs as this will provide a
The excursion program should be extended to other fields of agriculture as this will give the
9
love myself.
I am unique.
I am a survivor.
I am smart.
I am important.
I matter.
I am strong.
10
My confidence is beautiful.
Everything will work out in the end. If it hasn’t worked out yet, it’s not the end.
I am a good person.
I choose hope.
The answer is right before me, even if I do not see it right now.
I am thankful for…
I accept myself.
11
I can make a difference.
12
I choose to see each obstacle as an opportunity to grow.
I will step out of my comfort zone and try something new today.
I allow myself to forgive; it will allow me to move beyond the pain, to a place of peace.
I will take the time to notice and be thankful for the little things.
I am a child of God.
13
I choose to be happy.
My body knows how to get better; I will listen to it and rest when needed.
I’m not the only one who struggles; I choose to be kind to everyone that I meet.
Yesterday was a bad day, not a bad life. Today will be better.
While I wait for the storm to pass, I will choose to dance in the rain.
I am loved.
There is more to life than this moment; I choose to keep moving forward.
My spirit is beautiful.
14
I make a difference in the world.
I’m not sure what will happen tomorrow, but I’ll take care of myself so I am strong enough to
face it.
I trust myself.
I will listen to that whisper of hope that says, ‘you can do it, try again’.
I will learn from yesterday, live for today and hope for tomorrow.
make my list
BY
1.0 INTRODUCTION
cocoa is a bean that is in high demand all over the world especially by developed countries,. Cocoa
Cocoa is botanically called theobroma cacao. Cocoa belongs to the genus theobroma in the family
of sterculiacea, cocoa belongs to the group of crops referred to as "beverage crops" due to their
importance in the production of beverages of different kinds. It is native of tropical for3st of upper
amazon basin of South America where it was introduced to West Africa including Nigeria in the
nineteenth century with the first cocoa farmer in Nigeria known as chief squiss ibaningeo po at Bonny
in rivers state in 1874. Popularly called the golden or money tree in Nigeria. Cocoa is an important
16
export and cash crop grown in Ondo, Cross river, Osun, Oyo, Ogun, Edo, Ekiti, Abia, Kwara, koji,
Akwa ibom, Delta,Taraba and Adamawa states. It is mostly propagated by seeds and it is produced
within latitudes 20° North and 20° south with tropical lowland forest, temperature between 15.5°-
33.50° and the rainfall not less than 25cm for 7 consecutive months for adequate water supply. The soil
requirement is bright red and deep sandyclay with no physical obstructions. It is sensitive to harmattan
Africa is the largest producer of cocoa to the international market, which are normally in Europe
and America. Ivory Coast, Ghana and Nigeria share the largest contribution to the world market and
Ivory Coast by far share the highest producer by producing up to 39% of world output (UNCTAD,
2004). while the contribution of Nigeria and Ghana is 19% and 16% respectively (UNCTAD, 2004).
World cocoa output was estimated to have increased by 50% in the early period of independence of the
countries output,with practically the whole increase coming from West Africa (Ivory Coast, Ghana and
Nigeria mainly). Explaining the basis of this increase the FAO(1966) had this to say, West African
production in which Nigeria participated fully can only be explained by the coming into bearing of
your trees, an increasing proportion of which were of amazon and selected high yielding amelonado
In the early part before and after the independence in Nigeria. Nigeria was solely dependent on
It is widely acknowledged that Nigeria has a wide range of natural resources which agriculture can be
said to be included. This enormous base cocoa, if we'll managed could be a support to the
manufacturing sector (industrialization) by providing supplies of raw materials for the needs of the
industrial sector as well as providing gainful employment for the unemployed people.
17
In Nigeria, cocoa is very important part of the cash crop family in the agricultural sector. So, the
downward movement in the whole composing variables in the sector and of course, the comprising
variables includes all other agricultural products contributing to aggregate agricultural output.
Countries like coled'ivoire and Ghana have their aggregate agricultural output on the increase solely or
primarily because they have a growing and versatile cocoa sub-sector which is probably one of the
largest in the international commodity market. As it is commonly said, agriculture in the mainstay of a
traditional society in a country like coted'ivoire,it is right to further say that cocoa in their mainstay in
the economy because cocoa contribute to the bulk of the agricultural sector.
The expansion of cocoa production is expected to eliminate possible trade distributions arising from
externally dependent economy by ensuring availability of raw materials for industries. This process
could lead to an expansion in the country's industrial activities with a multiplier effect in employment
opportunities for all the stakeholders in the economy such as the farm workers, factory processors and
The importance inherent of cocoa in any economy is rather vast because it serves as food and raw
materials ( beverages, butter) in local use and export. Cocoa production can be the main source of a
18