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Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key

4.1 Discrete and Continuous Random Variables

Answers

1. Discrete

2. Continuous

3. Continuous

4. Continuous

5. Discrete

6. Discrete

7. Continuous

8. Discrete

9. Discrete

10. Neither

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 1
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key

4.2 Probability Distribution

Answers

1. a. x = -4, 0, 1, 3
b. X = 1
c. P(x > 0) = 0.9
d. P(x = -2) = 0

2. a.

X P(X)

2 1

3 2

4 3

5 4

6 5

7 6

8 5

9 4

10 3

11 2

12 1

15 5
b. 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 8) = 36
𝑜𝑟 12

21 7
c. 𝑃(𝑥 < 8) = 36
𝑜𝑟 12

18 1 18 1
d. 𝑃(𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑) = 36
𝑜𝑟 2
𝑃(𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛) = 36
𝑜𝑟 2

6 1
e. 𝑃(𝑥 = 7) = 36
𝑜𝑟 6

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


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Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key
7
3. 𝑃(𝑎𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑡 1 𝑏𝑜𝑦) = 8

4. Suppose there are six numbers in a box: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.


a. Yes because what you pick on the second draw is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 as it is with the first
draw. The outcome of the second draw does not depend on the first draw.
b. No because what number you pick on the second draw depends on what you picked on
the first draw.
3 1
5. 𝑃(𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎 3 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤) = 12 = 4
𝑜𝑟 0.25
1
6. 𝑃(𝑥 = 1) = 4
𝑜𝑟 0.25

7. Suppose a box has four slips of paper and on each slip are two numbers. The slips of paper
look like the following:
a. X would be the first number and Y would be the second number. So if the sequence you
needed to draw was 1, 3 (1st piece) this is not the same as 3,1 (the third piece of paper).
2 1
b. 𝑃(𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 = 3) = 4
𝑜𝑟 2
1
c. 𝑃(2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7) = 4
𝑜𝑟 0.25

8. True
9. Suppose two draws will be made at random with replacement from a box that has three slips
of paper, each with a number on it: 1, 2, and 3. Let represent the first draw and
represent the second draw.
1
a. 𝑃(𝑥1 = 1) = 3
1
b. 𝑃(𝑥1 = 1, 𝑥2 = 2) = 9
3 1
c. 𝑃(𝑥1 = 1) ∙ 𝑃(𝑥2 = 2) = 9 𝑜𝑟 3

d. The events, choosing a number from 1, 2, and 3 then choosing a number again from 1, 2,
and 3 are independent here because the first draw was replaced.
e. No. Since removing slips with 1, 2, or 3 after the first draw, the second draw would be
dependent on what is remaining.
10. Random variable Y because P(3) = 0.5 and this is not possible with random variable X.
a
11. Suppose f  x   for x  0,1, 2,3 is a discrete probability distribution.
x 1
2

a. 5/9
b. 0.167

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 3
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key

4.3 Mean and Standard Deviation of Discrete Random


Variables

Answers

1. Consider the following probability distribution:

a. 𝜇 = 1.7
b. 𝜎2= 1.21
c. 𝜎 = 1.1

2. Expected Value = 1.29 or 1

3. Find the expected value. Expected Value = 3.6

4. Blank = .1

Expected Value = 4.2

n
E ( x )   xp( x )
5. Expected Value of S = i 1

Suppose you have a discrete random variable X that has values and probabilities as shown in
the table below.

X P(X)

1 1/4

2 1/4

3 1/2

1 1 1
Then: E ( x )  1   2   3   2.25
4 4 2

Assume that the numbers drawn were 1, 2, 3, 3. Then the mean is calculated to be:

1 2  3 3
  2.25
4

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 4
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key
6.

E ( X 1  X 2 )  x1 p  x1   x2 p ( x2 )
1 1
 x1    x2  
6 6
x x
 1 2
36

7. Expected Value = 0.8

8. Blank = 3/11
Expected Value = 45/11

9.
a. Yes because the sum of the probabilities is 1.
b. Expected Value = 1.35. It means the average number of children would be 1.35. This is
not likely since you cannot have 1.35 children.

10.
a. No since the probability of getting a c is 0.

b. Expected Value = 3.4

11. Expected Value = 22.5 minutes

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 5
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key

4.4 Sums and Differences of Independent Random


Variables

Answers

1. 7
2. 2.42
3.
x P(x)
0 1/8
1 3/8
2 3/8
3 1/8

4. $2.40; $5.00
5. Expected Value = 2.28
Variance = 0.7397
6. True
7. Yes
8. Yes

9. a)
x P(x)
1 1/6
2 1/6
3 1/6
4 1/6
5 1/6
6 1/6

b)
y P(y)
1 ¼
2 ¼
3 1/2

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 6
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key
c)

Z P(z)
2 0.0417
3 0.0833
4 0.1667
5 0.1667
6 0.1667
7 0.1667
8 0.1250
9 0.0833

10. a) ¼

b)
Z P(z)
3 0.1667
6 0.3333
7 0. 1650
10 0.3333

11.

S P(S)
3 0.03
4 0.07
5 0. 10
6 0.13
7 0.17
8 0.17
9 0. 13
10 0.07
11 0.03

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 7
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key

4.5 Binomial Distribution and Probability

Answers

1.

x P(x)
0 0.4096
1 0.4096
2 0.1536
3 0.0256
4 0.0016

2. a)

x P(x)
0 0.328
1 0.4096
2 0.2048
3 0.0512
4 0.0064
5 0.0003

 1
b)
 2  0.894

3. a) 0.591

b) 0.409

4. a) E(x) < 12

b) 2.45

c) 0.008

5. a) yes; n=250, p = 0.5

b) E(x) = 125

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 8
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key
6. a) Binomial distribution applies as there are two possible outcomes and each outcome is
independent of the other

b) Binomial distribution applies as this is the same as tossing a coin fifty times

c) Binomial distribution applies as you can draw out a yellow or a blue with the same
chances each time.

d) Binomial distribution does not apply as the result of each draw depends on the
previous draw(s).

e) Binomial distribution does not apply if you assume that the 20bolts were taken out at
once without replacement. Therefore there are no independent trials.

7. a) 0.117

b) 0.601

c) 0.399

8. a) 0.99996

b) 0.9997

9. a) i)   3;   1.22

ii)   1.8;   1.122

iii)   4.2;   1.122

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 9
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key
b) i)

ii)

iii)

c) As p increases to 0.5, the skewness to the higher values of x decreases and disappears at p
= 0.5. As p increases beyond 0.5, the histograms are skewed toward the lower values of x.

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 10
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key

10.   25;   3.54

11.   1.05;   0.945

12. a) Not a binomial experiment because there are more than two possible outcomes.

b) Not a binomial experiment because there is no mention of the number of trials.

13. a) P( x  10)  0.176

b) P( x  13)  0.0739

c) P( x  8)  0.132

14. a) P( x  30)  0.0820

b) P( x  29)  0.214

c) P( x  27)  0.216

d) P( x  3)  0.435

15. a) P( x  0)  0.573

b) P( x  4)  0.0012

c) P( x  5)  0.00008

d) QUESTION IS VAGUE

16. a) P( x  7)  0.3823

b) P( x  8)  0.9536

17. 0.008

18 a) E ( x)  3.33;   1.05

b) E ( x)  50;   5

c) E ( x)  500;   19.36

d) E ( x)  0.111;   0.314

e) E ( x)  18;   2.68

19. 300

20. 0.624; 0.557

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 11
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key

4.6 Poisson Probability Distributions

Answers

1. m = 14.14

2. a) 0.001204

b) 0.01627

c) 0.9561

d) 0.9999

3. a) 0.0183

b) 0.5666

c) 0.2149

4. 4.372

5. a) 0.751

b) 0.818

6. 0.156

7. 0.224

8. 0.0842

9. 0.0050

10. 0

11. 0.224

12. 0.313

13. 0.224

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 12
Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key

4.7 Geometric Probability Distributions

Answers

1. a) 0.0741

b) 0.6667

2. 0.216

3. 0.0812

4. a) the number of seniors who suspects to work full time in college

b) Geometric distribution

c)

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(x) 0.234 0.179 0.137 0.105 0.0806 0.0617

d)   4.27 ; therefore 4 or 5 people

e) 0.550

f)

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


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Chapter 4 – Discrete Probability Distribution Answer Key
5. (i) The experiment consists of a sequence of independent trials.
(ii) Each trial results in one or two outcomes; successes (S) or failures (F)
(iii) The geometric random variable (X) is defined as the number of trials until the first S
is observed
(iv) The probability p(x) is the same for each trial.

6. Geometric probability distribution consists of a sequence of independent events where


the random variable is defined as the number of trials until a success is observed. A
Binomial probability distribution consists of “n” independent trials where the random
variable is the number of successes in “n” trials.

7. (1 – p)(n – 1) represents the probability of failure for the number of trials up to the first
success. P = the probability of success and therefore 1 – p = the probability of failures.
“n” represents the discrete random variable.

8. The expected value of a geometric random variable (x) is the mean which is the inverse
of the probability of successes for each trial (x).

9. 0.0348

10. 0.0767

11. a) 0.0504
b) 0.240
c) 0.117
d) 0.0579
e) 0.0824
f) 0.462
g) 0.303

CK-12 Advanced Probability and Statistics


Concepts 14

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