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Answers
1. Discrete
2. Continuous
3. Continuous
4. Continuous
5. Discrete
6. Discrete
7. Continuous
8. Discrete
9. Discrete
10. Neither
Answers
1. a. x = -4, 0, 1, 3
b. X = 1
c. P(x > 0) = 0.9
d. P(x = -2) = 0
2. a.
X P(X)
2 1
3 2
4 3
5 4
6 5
7 6
8 5
9 4
10 3
11 2
12 1
15 5
b. 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 8) = 36
𝑜𝑟 12
21 7
c. 𝑃(𝑥 < 8) = 36
𝑜𝑟 12
18 1 18 1
d. 𝑃(𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑) = 36
𝑜𝑟 2
𝑃(𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛) = 36
𝑜𝑟 2
6 1
e. 𝑃(𝑥 = 7) = 36
𝑜𝑟 6
7. Suppose a box has four slips of paper and on each slip are two numbers. The slips of paper
look like the following:
a. X would be the first number and Y would be the second number. So if the sequence you
needed to draw was 1, 3 (1st piece) this is not the same as 3,1 (the third piece of paper).
2 1
b. 𝑃(𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 = 3) = 4
𝑜𝑟 2
1
c. 𝑃(2𝑥 − 3𝑦 = 7) = 4
𝑜𝑟 0.25
8. True
9. Suppose two draws will be made at random with replacement from a box that has three slips
of paper, each with a number on it: 1, 2, and 3. Let represent the first draw and
represent the second draw.
1
a. 𝑃(𝑥1 = 1) = 3
1
b. 𝑃(𝑥1 = 1, 𝑥2 = 2) = 9
3 1
c. 𝑃(𝑥1 = 1) ∙ 𝑃(𝑥2 = 2) = 9 𝑜𝑟 3
d. The events, choosing a number from 1, 2, and 3 then choosing a number again from 1, 2,
and 3 are independent here because the first draw was replaced.
e. No. Since removing slips with 1, 2, or 3 after the first draw, the second draw would be
dependent on what is remaining.
10. Random variable Y because P(3) = 0.5 and this is not possible with random variable X.
a
11. Suppose f x for x 0,1, 2,3 is a discrete probability distribution.
x 1
2
a. 5/9
b. 0.167
Answers
a. 𝜇 = 1.7
b. 𝜎2= 1.21
c. 𝜎 = 1.1
4. Blank = .1
n
E ( x ) xp( x )
5. Expected Value of S = i 1
Suppose you have a discrete random variable X that has values and probabilities as shown in
the table below.
X P(X)
1 1/4
2 1/4
3 1/2
1 1 1
Then: E ( x ) 1 2 3 2.25
4 4 2
Assume that the numbers drawn were 1, 2, 3, 3. Then the mean is calculated to be:
1 2 3 3
2.25
4
E ( X 1 X 2 ) x1 p x1 x2 p ( x2 )
1 1
x1 x2
6 6
x x
1 2
36
8. Blank = 3/11
Expected Value = 45/11
9.
a. Yes because the sum of the probabilities is 1.
b. Expected Value = 1.35. It means the average number of children would be 1.35. This is
not likely since you cannot have 1.35 children.
10.
a. No since the probability of getting a c is 0.
Answers
1. 7
2. 2.42
3.
x P(x)
0 1/8
1 3/8
2 3/8
3 1/8
4. $2.40; $5.00
5. Expected Value = 2.28
Variance = 0.7397
6. True
7. Yes
8. Yes
9. a)
x P(x)
1 1/6
2 1/6
3 1/6
4 1/6
5 1/6
6 1/6
b)
y P(y)
1 ¼
2 ¼
3 1/2
Z P(z)
2 0.0417
3 0.0833
4 0.1667
5 0.1667
6 0.1667
7 0.1667
8 0.1250
9 0.0833
10. a) ¼
b)
Z P(z)
3 0.1667
6 0.3333
7 0. 1650
10 0.3333
11.
S P(S)
3 0.03
4 0.07
5 0. 10
6 0.13
7 0.17
8 0.17
9 0. 13
10 0.07
11 0.03
Answers
1.
x P(x)
0 0.4096
1 0.4096
2 0.1536
3 0.0256
4 0.0016
2. a)
x P(x)
0 0.328
1 0.4096
2 0.2048
3 0.0512
4 0.0064
5 0.0003
1
b)
2 0.894
3. a) 0.591
b) 0.409
4. a) E(x) < 12
b) 2.45
c) 0.008
b) E(x) = 125
b) Binomial distribution applies as this is the same as tossing a coin fifty times
c) Binomial distribution applies as you can draw out a yellow or a blue with the same
chances each time.
d) Binomial distribution does not apply as the result of each draw depends on the
previous draw(s).
e) Binomial distribution does not apply if you assume that the 20bolts were taken out at
once without replacement. Therefore there are no independent trials.
7. a) 0.117
b) 0.601
c) 0.399
8. a) 0.99996
b) 0.9997
9. a) i) 3; 1.22
ii)
iii)
c) As p increases to 0.5, the skewness to the higher values of x decreases and disappears at p
= 0.5. As p increases beyond 0.5, the histograms are skewed toward the lower values of x.
12. a) Not a binomial experiment because there are more than two possible outcomes.
b) P( x 13) 0.0739
c) P( x 8) 0.132
b) P( x 29) 0.214
c) P( x 27) 0.216
d) P( x 3) 0.435
15. a) P( x 0) 0.573
b) P( x 4) 0.0012
c) P( x 5) 0.00008
d) QUESTION IS VAGUE
16. a) P( x 7) 0.3823
b) P( x 8) 0.9536
17. 0.008
18 a) E ( x) 3.33; 1.05
b) E ( x) 50; 5
c) E ( x) 500; 19.36
d) E ( x) 0.111; 0.314
e) E ( x) 18; 2.68
19. 300
Answers
1. m = 14.14
2. a) 0.001204
b) 0.01627
c) 0.9561
d) 0.9999
3. a) 0.0183
b) 0.5666
c) 0.2149
4. 4.372
5. a) 0.751
b) 0.818
6. 0.156
7. 0.224
8. 0.0842
9. 0.0050
10. 0
11. 0.224
12. 0.313
13. 0.224
Answers
1. a) 0.0741
b) 0.6667
2. 0.216
3. 0.0812
b) Geometric distribution
c)
x 1 2 3 4 5 6
P(x) 0.234 0.179 0.137 0.105 0.0806 0.0617
e) 0.550
f)
7. (1 – p)(n – 1) represents the probability of failure for the number of trials up to the first
success. P = the probability of success and therefore 1 – p = the probability of failures.
“n” represents the discrete random variable.
8. The expected value of a geometric random variable (x) is the mean which is the inverse
of the probability of successes for each trial (x).
9. 0.0348
10. 0.0767
11. a) 0.0504
b) 0.240
c) 0.117
d) 0.0579
e) 0.0824
f) 0.462
g) 0.303