CHAPTER I

The Problem

1.1 INTRODUCTION:

Slaughterhouse is a facility where animals are to

become food. It is also called as abattoir.

Meat has always been a dietary demand in most Asian

countries. Traditionally, red meat was supplied “hot”, or

unrefrigerated, to consumers. This distribution system,

which is still the dominant one in most Asian countries,

had a strong impact on the slaughterhouse networks

established for market supply and on the specific

structures of the slaughterhouses.

Slaughtering animals on a large scale poses

significant problems in terms of logistics, animal welfare,

and the environment, and the process must meet public

health requirements. Due to public aversion in many

cultures, determining where to build slaughterhouses is

also a matter of some consideration.

The abattoir capacity will be dependent on the mix of

animals being slaughtered.

Large city abattoirs never existed in the Philippines;

a multitude of small- to medium-sized abattoirs, mostly for

pigs but some bovines, supply the major cities. Their

standards, although in many cases not fully satisfactory,

have improved over the years as government authorities

imposed a system of quality categorizing. Downgrading

within the system is linked to economic losses due to trade

restrictions. These consequences have caused many abattoir

owners to modernize and follow the rules on hygiene. There

are also a few high-standard abattoirs in the country,

producing for quality meat outlets but looking to export as

well.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The growing number of population and development of

towns and increasing of establishments in Oriental Mindoro

contributes more to construct new investment project like

slaughterhouse.

Severe hygienic problems in the slaughtering of cattle

and buffaloes in many places system from the difficulty in

handling these heavy carcasses where there is inadequate or

no slaughter equipment available. Proper equipment for

handling bovines includes manual or electric hoists for

lifting up the carcass – getting it off the floor for

flaying, eviscerating and splitting.

Abattoirs also pollute the air; they do this with foul

smells and also produce airborne pathogens as well as

ammonia. Before the three month ultimatum elapsed and five

slaughterhouses were closed, bad odour used to waft the air

around Barangay Malinao, Naujan market.

1.3 IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY:

Very few studies have been conducted on barangay

Malinao that they wanted to have a slaughterhouse. This

study is to prove that creating a slaughterhouse in Naujan

is effective and it will be also a great aid for the

residence of barangay Malinao because it will help them in

the following factors: lessen the time travelled, having a

good facilities in slaughtering animals, having a good

drainage for waste coming from the slaughterhouse, manage

cleanliness to the barangay and also help the barangay for

having new additional income.

The Analysis and design of slaughterhouse in barangay

Malinao in Naujan consist the structure of

slaughtering. But this study revolves and deals also

on the following factors:

  Good drainage system - to conduct a good drainage on

waste coming from the slaughterhouse.

 Waste management - slaughterhouses is one of the area

that could maintain the cleanliness by having a waste

management, so this is one of the priority that should

be considered in making this kind of projects

 Engineering students and Engineers – after this, this

will be sort as a basis for a young students and

future engineers for constructing structures.

1.3 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

I. NATIONAL STRUCTURAL CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES 2015

VOLUME 1, 7ᵗʰ EDITION, and may be cited as such and

will be referred to herein the Wind Loads and Earthquake

Loads.

II. MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

a.) Combinations of Loads

In such structures like buildings, any

towers, and other vertical structures shall be designed in

resisting the combinations of loads. We can say that a

building or structures can be critical conditions if one or

more of the contributing loads are not acting. We need to

say that all applicable loads shall be considered.

In Basic Load Combinations, where all strength

designs and loads is used, and all partitions thereof shall
resist the most critical effects from the following
combinations of factor loads:
1.4(D + F)
1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or P)
1.2D + 1.6(Lr or P) + (1.0L or 0.8W)
1.2D + 1.6W + 1.0L +0.5(Lr or P)
1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
0.9D + 1.6W +1.6H
0.9D + 1.0E +1.6H
Where f1 = 1 for floors in places of public assembly, for
live loads in excess of 4.8 kPa, and for garage live load.
= 0.5 for other live loads

Wind Load

In wind load there are four (4) permitted procedures

in determining the design wind load for main wind-force

resisting system (MWFRS), for other structures and building

appurtenances and for components and cladding (C&C) as

follows:

1.) Directional procedure for building for all

hieghts

2.) Envelope procedure for low-rise buildings

 3.) Directional procedure for other structures and

buildings and appurtenances and analytical

procedure for components and cladding

4.) Wind tunnel procedures

Earthquake Load

ASCE/SEI 7-10, using spectral acceleration is

recognized as alternative procedure in determination of the

earthquake loads.

1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS:

SCALDING - heating of the dead body of the animals in a boiling

water

CARCASS - dead body of the animal

CARVE - a term also for slaughter

SPLITTING - diving carcass into parts

OFFAL - parts of the internal organs of slaughtered animals

1.6 METHODS OF RESEARCH:

All design and specifications and requirements were

based on existing codes that the researchers attained

through research. In data gathering, the researchers

adopted some necessary procedures which are relevant to the

study:

1) Determination of the scope and limit of the topic.

2) Research and gatherings of information and documents

that is related and possibly connected to the problem.

3) Review of information’s and documents for the purpose

of evaluation.

4) Referring to the Department of Agriculture in Oriental

Mindoro for information’s, sample design computations,

sample plans and details and Notes and Specifications

regarding the proposed project.

5) Consultation of persons with knowledge regarding the

subject matter.

6) Conceptualize and plan on how the best way the design

will be developed.

7) Develop the needed design.