Structural Analysis and Design of

Student affairs office in Divine Word College of

Calapan

An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the
Faculty of the College of Engineering
Divine Word College of Calapan
Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro

By

Patricia Anne C. Caaway

2019
 Chapter I
THE PROBLEM

Introduction:

Student affairs is a large, complex area of campus

operations and is comprised
of many departments with professionals from a wide
variety of educational
backgrounds.
The role of the Office for Student Affairs is twofold.
First, it functions as an administrative office and
secondly, it aims to serve the needs of students in the
many aspects of campus life. Consequently, in addition
to its function of overseeing student activities and
interests, the office operates to promulgate and/or
enforce institutional and/or DepEd or CHED policies,
rules and regulations concerning student organizations,
programs, activities, student comportment, and student
discipline.
As SAO building being one of the most important
building in DWCC, lot of students tends to visit it.
But due to its narrow stairs and small build of the
office, its been difficult for the office to
accommodate all the students that go there. In
addition, the building is not made of concrete and is
vulnerable to natural disasters such as earthquakes and
typhoons. Moreover, the existing building is expose to
high risk of fire.
Last but not least, there's safety. Generally speaking,
wooden structures are less safe than concrete
buildings. They are vulnerable to external threats like
fire, wind, insects, moisture, and mold—all of which
can result in structural damage and safety risks.
While concrete is a durable, strong material, it too
poses some safety risks. For example, should a concrete
structure collapse, either at a jobsite or once the
building is occupied, falling concrete could seriously
injure anyone who is nearby.

Statement of the Problem:

As SAO building being one of the most important building in

DWCC, lot of students tends to visit it. But due to its narrow
stairs and small build of the office, its been difficult for the
office to accommodate all the students that go there. In
addition, the building is not made of concrete and is vulnerable
to natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons. Moreover,
the existing building is expose to high risk of fire.
Complains have been said about the matter of the stairs of the
office. Especially during signing of the clearance of the
students, SAO gets crowded. And since the stairs are narrow and
the office itself, it cannot accommodate all of the students
which makes the process longer than necessary.
Furthermore, the department offices below the building is
somehow small and not presentable. It sometimes become storage
rooms since it cannot perform it’s real function due to its lack
of space and appearance.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The researcher aims to have an improved analysis and

design of the SAO building of DWCC,that would be
beneficial for the students and the employees of the
school. Since it will help them to perform their task
efficiently and effectively and for the students since
it will be more accessible than before.

Importance of the Study:

This study aims to suggest the best solution regarding the

problems. And it also helps to come up with possible advantages
that might benefit the orderliness of Divine Word College of
Calapan. As SAO building being one of the most important
building in DWCC.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY:

 National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015, Volume

1, 7th Edition, and may be cited as such and will be
referred to herein the Wind Loads and Earthquake Loads.

I. Minimum Design Loads

a.) Combination of Loads

Buildings, towers, other vertical structures, and all
portions thereof shall be designed to resist the load
combinations. The most critical effect can occur when one or
more of the contributing loads are not acting. All applicable
loads shall be considered, including both earthquake and wind,
in accordance with specified load combinations.
Basic Load Combinations, where strength design or load and
resistance factor design is used, structures and all portions
thereof shall resist the most critical effects from the
following combinations of factor loads:
1.4(D + F)
1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or R)
1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W)
1.2D + 1.0W + f1L + 0.5(Lr or R)
1.2D + 1.0E + f1L
0.9D + 1.0W + 1.6H
0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H
Where f1 = 1.0 for floors in public assembly, for live loads in
excess of 4.8 kPa, and 0.5 for other live loads.
b.) Dead Loads
Dead loads consist of the weight of all materials of
construction incorporated into the building or other structure,
including but not limited to walls, floors, roofs, ceilings,
stairways, built-in partitions, finishes, cladding and other
similarly incorporated architectural and structural items, and
fixed service equipment, including the weight of cranes.

c.) Live Loads

Live loads shall be the maximum loads expected by the intended
use or occupancy but in no case shall be less than the loads
required.

d.) Roof Live Loads

Roofs shall be designed for the unit live loads,𝑳𝒓 , set forth in
the table below. The live loads shall be assumed to act
vertically upon the area projected on a horizontal plane.
 e.) Wind Loads

Three different wind contour maps for the entire Philippine

archipelago are generated and provided for determining the basic
wind speeds that are directly applicable for determining
pressures for design strength. Strength design wind load factor
is 1.0; whereas, allowable stress design wind load factor is
0.6.
Four (4) permitted procedures in determining the design
wind loads for main wind-force resisting system (MWFRS), for
other structures and building appurtenances and for components
and cladding (C&C) are provided such as;
 directional procedure for buildings of all
heights,
 envelope procedure for low-rise buildings,
 directional procedure for other structures and
building appurtenances and analytical procedure
for components & cladding, and
 wind tunnel procedure

f.) Earthquake Loads

The near-source factors for 2km distance from a causative fault
is inclined in addition to 5 km, 10km, 15km distance and beyond
15km distance.
ASCE/SEI 7-10, using spectral acceleration, is recognized as an
alternative procedure in the determination of the earthquake
loads.

II. Strength Design Method (Load Factor Design)

a) Required Strength

The required strength of a section is the strength necessary to

resist the factored loads and forces applied to the structure in
the Combinations of Loads. All sections of structures and
structural members shall have design strength at least equal to
the required strength.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:

A) Axial Load Force – a load applied at the centroid

of the support cross-section so that the resultant
load acts along the vertical axis of the support,
thus the internal resistance may be assumed to be
eventually distributed over the cross-sectional
area of the body under stress.

B) Beams – a structural member with one dimension

larger compared with other dimensions, whose
function is to carry lateral loads and bending
moments.

C) Bearing – supporting of a structural member such as

wall, partition pile or the like that support the
load
D) Columns – an upright pillar, typically cylindrical
and made of stone or concrete, supporting an
entablature, arch, or other structure or standing
alone as a monument.

E) Compression – when the force act towards a body,

tending to squeeze, shorten or crush it, the body
is in compression.
F) Dead Load – an inert, inactive load such as the
members, the supported structure and permanent
attachment or accessories in the building.

G) Design Load – all applicable loads and forces or

their related internal moments and forces used to
proportion members.

H) Design Strength – nominal strength multiplied by a

strength reduction factor.

I) DWCC - Divine Word College of Calapan

J) Stair - must satisfy strict building codes meant to

ensure safety and climbing comfort

K) SAO- Student Affair Office

  National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015, Volume

1, 7th Edition, and may be cited as such and will be referred

to herein the Wind Loads and Earthquake Loads.

III. Minimum Design Loads

g.) Combination of Loads

Buildings, towers, other vertical structures, and all

portions thereof shall be designed to resist the load

combinations. The most critical effect can occur when one

or more of the contributing loads are not acting. All

applicable loads shall be considered, including both

earthquake and wind, in accordance with specified load

combinations.

Basic Load Combinations, where strength design or load

and resistance factor design is used, structures and all

portions thereof shall resist the most critical effects

from the following combinations of factor loads:

1.4(D + F)

1.2(D + F + T) + 1.6(L + H) + 0.5(Lr or R)

1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (f1L or 0.5W)

1.2D + 1.0W + f1L + 0.5(Lr or R)

1.2D + 1.0E + f1L

0.9D + 1.0W + 1.6H

0.9D + 1.0E + 1.6H

Where f1 = 1.0 for floors in public assembly, for live loads

in excess of 4.8 kPa, and 0.5 for other live loads.

h.) Dead Loads

Dead loads consist of the weight of all materials

of construction incorporated into the building or

other structure, including but not limited to walls,

floors, roofs, ceilings, stairways, built-in

partitions, finishes, cladding and other similarly

incorporated architectural and structural items, and

fixed service equipment, including the weight of

cranes.

i.) Live Loads

Live loads shall be the maximum loads expected by

the intended use or occupancy but in no case shall be

less than the loads required.

j.) Roof Live Loads

Roofs shall be designed for the unit live loads,𝑳𝒓 ,

set forth in the table below. The live loads shall be

 assumed to act vertically upon the area projected on

a horizontal plane.

k.) Wind Loads

Three different wind contour maps for the entire

Philippine archipelago are generated and provided for

determining the basic wind speeds that are directly

applicable for determining pressures for design strength.

Strength design wind load factor is 1.0; whereas, allowable

stress design wind load factor is 0.6.

 Four (4) permitted procedures in determining the design

wind loads for main wind-force resisting system (MWFRS),

for other structures and building appurtenances and for

components and cladding (C&C) are provided such as;

 directional procedure for buildings of all heights,

 envelope procedure for low-rise buildings,

 directional procedure for other structures and

building appurtenances and analytical procedure for

components & cladding, and

 wind tunnel procedure

l.) Earthquake Loads

The near-source factors for 2km distance from a

causative fault is inclined in addition to 5 km, 10km,

15km distance and beyond 15km distance.

ASCE/SEI 7-10, using spectral acceleration, is

recognized as an alternative procedure in the

determination of the earthquake loads.

IV. Strength Design Method (Load Factor Design)

b) Required Strength
The required strength of a section is the strength

necessary to resist the factored loads and forces

applied to the structure in the Combinations of Loads.

All sections of structures and structural members

shall have design strength at least equal to the

required strength.
METHODS OF RESEARCH:

All design and specifications and requirements were based on

existing codes that the researchers attained through research. In

data gathering, the researchers adopted some necessary procedures

which are relevant to the study:

1) Determination of the scope and limit of the topic.

2) Research and gatherings of informations and documents that

are related and possibly connected to the problem.

3) Review of informations and documents for the purpose of

evaluation.

4) Referring to the SAO in DWCC, Oriental Mindoro for

informations, sample design computations, sample plans and

details and Notes and Specifications regarding the proposed

project.

5) Consultation of persons with knowledge regarding the subject

matter.

6) Conceptualize and plan on how the best way the design will be

developed.

7) Develop the needed design.

 Chapter II
RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

HISTORY

The Divine World College of Calapan, as a Catholic institution

of higher learning, goes back to the missionary work of Fr. Benito

Rixner, SVD and other missionaries of the Society of the Divine

Word in Mindoro. Mindoro Junior College, as the school was first

called, was established in April 1946. The formal opening of

classes in first year Normal Education, Liberal Arts, Pre-Law, and

special short-term courses in Typing and Stenography was on July

1, 1946. There were thirty-seven students as first enrollees.

In 1953, Fr. Albert Cook, SVD who was the Director then,

constructed a two-storey building on a lot purchased adjacent to

the two original structures. Construction was completed just in

time for the school year 1953-1954. By that time, there were

just three buildings being housing about a thousand students

until around 1964.

From 1954 through 1964, enrolment increased steadily and,

through the efforts of Bishop William Duschak, SVD, DD, who went

to Europe to ask for donations from friends and benefactors, the

dream of a modern college in a spacious compound materialized.

During the school year 1964-1965, all classes were moved to the

new campus. About the same time, the Elementary Department was
inaugurated by virtue of the Temporary Permit No. 96. In 1975,

the President, Fr. Eleuterio S. Lacaron, SVD, also introduced

the School Campaign Program.

STUDENT AFFAIRS OFFICE LOCATION

The size and organization of a student affairs division or

department may vary based on the size, type, and location of an

institution.

COMMON LOADS