IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN POBLACION, TUKURAN,

ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR

A Thesis Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of the JHCSC - Tukuran Offsite Class
Tukuran, Zamboanga del Sur

In Partial Requirement
For the Course in Research 301
(Introduction to Research 301)

Honey Mae Abalde

Bailyn A. Kamid
Leizl H. Pelayo
Mary Rose A. Medina
Rudy S. Villaruz
 Chapter I

The Problem

Introduction

In today generations some of the people were not learned on how to manage
and throwing garbage properly. Segregating the garbage is very important to avoid any
kinds of deceased.

Solid Waste Management is defined as the discipline associated with control of

generation, storage, collection, transport or transfer, processing and disposal of solid
waste materials in a way that best addresses the range of public health, conservation,
economics, aesthetic, engineering and other environmental considerations.

In its scope, solid waste management includes planning, administrative, financial,

engineering and legal functions. Solutions might include complex inter-disciplinary
relations among fields such as public health, city and regional planning, political
science, geography, sociology, economics, communication and conservation,
demography, engineering and material sciences. These practices can differ for
residential and industrial producers, for urban and rural areas, and for developed and
developing nations.

Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated form combines
residential, industrial and commercial activities in a given area. The process of
collection , transportation and disposal of solid waste in systematic, economic and
hygienic manner on the process of the collecting , treating and disposing of solid
material that is discarded because it is of no longer use.

Management of solid waste is one of the greater challenges for development all
over the world. It is not only because SWM impact on the environment or health, but
poor implementation of sum hinders the nation’s progress towards sustainable
development. It is important to improve SWM for sustainable development through
environmental conservation.
 Waste segregation is a process of dividing garbage into ‘reduce; ‘reuse; and
‘recycle’ materials. With new garbage segregation rules, the government is attempting
to clean up our community and where to dump our garbage. Segregation is the first step
towards proper disposal of both categories of waste. It is recommended to have to
separate dustbins in the house to keep wet waste from mixing up with its dry
counterpart. Bits of plastic, for instance, are dry waste components which if not
disposed properly can become an environmental hazard.
(www.onevizag.org/waste-segregation/).

Alexander Umagat (2012), head of the Solid Waste Office of the Metropolitan
Manila Development Authority, said local government units (LGUs) are the ones that
should really take responsibility in compliance with the provisions. The act provides for a
comprehensive ecological waste segregation by creating the necessary institutional
mechanism and incentives, appropriating funds, declaring certain acts prohibited and
providing penalties. This act mandated the Department of Education (DepEd), the
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), the commission on
Higher Education (CHED), the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR), and other concern government agencies (RA 9003, 2000).

In solid waste management there is no ‘away’. When ‘throwing away’ waste,

system complexities and the integrated nature of materials and pollution are quickly
apparent. For example, waste incineration is expensive and poses challenges of air
pollution and ash disposal. Incineration requires waste placed outside for collection to
be containerized to stay dry, and much of the waste stream is not combustible. Landfills
require land availability, and siting is often opposed by potential neighboring residents.
Solving one problem often introduces a new one, and if not well executed, the new
problem is often of greater cost and complexity.

Our future relies on a well – educated public to be wise protector of the

environment that sustains us. As what we observe here in Municipality of Tukuran that
there are other people they are not following of what implementing rules of proper
segregation of waste that the cause damages in our natural resources by mean of our
garbage. Some throwing their garbage’s anywhere, in river, seas, and burning it
because we find it is easiest way it keeps away our garbage’s contributes of polluting
the air. In Tukuran, that there are other Barangay they have a containers to separate
the waste. Therefore, it is very important that we know how to manage properly our
garbage’s to maintain healthy life and clean environment.

Conceptual Framework of the Study

Segregation
Practices

Implementation of Solid
waste Management in Proper Disposal
Poblacion Tukuran Waste
Zamboanga Del Sur
Clean

Garbage Collection

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the study

Statement of the Problem

This study helps the people of Tukuran to be aware in the implementation of a

proper disposal and segregation of the garbage. They also need to know especially in
collecting, transporting, processing, managing and monitoring of waste materials.

Specifically, this research aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the reaction level of the respondents on Proper Segregation of Waste

in terms of the following factors:
1.1 Segregation Practice
1.2 Proper Disposal waste
1.3 Garbage Collection?
2. Is there any significant difference on the reaction level of the respondents
along with the three (3) factors?

NULL HYPOTHESIS

The hypothesis of the study was advanced for testing 0.05 level of confidence
basis the inferences.

“There is no significant difference in the respondent’s reaction level along

with the three (3) factors”

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

.
 This study focus on the Implementation of Solid Waste Management in
Poblacion, Tukuran, Zamboanga Del Sur. This study were refers on the implementation
of solid waste management in every Barangay on the factors which are the segregation
practices, proper disposal waste and garbage collection.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers aimed to determine the proper disposal and recycling of

garbage in the community of Tukuran. It would be helpful in further development of the
cleanliness in the community of Tukuran.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For the purpose of this ordinance, terms, hereunder shall have the following meanings.

Ambulant Vendor- refers to a vendor or seller who has no fix place and who goes
around selling his/her goods.

Biodegradable- made of materials that decay relatively quick.

Biodegradable Plastics- are forms of plastics derived from plant sources such as
hemp oil, soybean oil and corn starch rather than from petroleum. These plastics are
derived from natural products and have compounds that are easily broken down by
microbes of it decays relatively quick. These plastic do not cause harm effect to the
environment.

Environment- is the sum total of all living and non-living things that affect any living
organism.
Non-biodegradable plastics- are forms of plastics derived primarily from crude oil,
natural gas or coal. These types of plastics cannot be broken down by microbes to
decay. And it burned will produce toxic smoke and pollute the environment which will
result to ecological changes.

Segregation- is the separation of a race, community, class or ethic group by enforced

or voluntary residence in a restricted area.

Solid waste management- is the process of collecting and disposing of solid materials
that is discarded because it is of no longer use.

Recycle- the process of discarded products and materials for processing and
conversion into new or different products for reuse.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains some related studies and related literature having bearing
of the study. This gave importance concept and ideas for the development of the study.

Solid waste shall refers to all discarded household, commercial waste, non-
hazardous, institutional and industrial waste, street sweeping, construction, agriculture
waste, and other non- hazardous and non- toxic solid waste.

A. RELATED LITERATURE
Foreign Literature

According to World Health ORGANIZATION (2011) the solid waste management

In technical note, the term “solid waste” is used to include all non-liquid waste generated
by human activity and a range of solid waste material resulting from the disaster, such
as general domestic garbage such as food waste, ash and packaging materials; human
feces disposed of in garbage emergency waste such as plastic water bottles and
packaging from other emergency supplies; rubble resulting from the disaster; mud and
slurry deposited by the natural disaster; and Allen trees and rocks obstructing transport
and communications. Other specialist wastes, such as medical waste from hospitals
and toxic waste from industry, will also need to be dealt with urgently, but they are not
covered by this technical note.

Harley (2010) stated that Australia may be large country, but they live in a throw
– away society that is rapidly filling it with their waste. Their insatiable desire to
constantly upgrade disposable technology and consume over – packaged products has
continued unabated for decades. At the same time however, there has been a trend
way from both burning waste in incinerators and burying it in landfills. Waste
management policies now seek to minimize waste disposal by reducing its generation
and by recycling. This book reveals the extent of the growing waste problem and
examines the waste and recycling practices of households, and includes many tips on
how to reduce, reuse and recycle. Topics include green waste, plastics, glass, paper,
metal and electronic waste.
Furthermore, Saley (2012) stated that Municipal council enacted an ordinance
establishing solid waste management also known as “Perkash Fashura Ordinance Na
Isadanga”. The ordinance prohibits dumping of garbage anywhere other than those
recognized and established garbage facilities; dumping of unclean and unsegregated
waste at the redemption center/facility; discharging of human feces along the creeks
and rivers: throwing of waste in creeks, rivers, public places such as roads, sidewalks
and establishments; and burning of garbage particularly non-biodegradable wastes. It
also requires residents to practice segregation of wastes at source. Reusable solid
wastes such as bottles, plastics, cellophanes, and papers shall be brought to the
barangay material recovery facility duly segregated or directly to the agent-buyers. Non-
recyclable materials and special solid wastes will be brought to the material recovery
facility, while hazardous wastes or chemicals will be disposed in coordination with
concern government agencies according to prescribed methods. The local government
is responsible for collecting, reusable, recyclable and non-biodegradable waste
materials from the material recovery facilities; and transporting them to the recycling.

B. RELATED STUDIES
Foreign Studies

A detailed investigation was made regarding the methods of practices associated

with sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatment and
disposal of Municipal solid waste in Mysore City. The data concerning to SWM in
Mysore was obtained through questionnaire, individual field visit, interacting with people
and authentic record of municipal corporation. Photographic evidences were also made
about generation, storage, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW.
This study reveals that the present system of MSWM in Mysore City is not satisfactory
based on Municipal Solid Waste Management & Handling Rules 2000 (Chandra, et al.,
2009).

Another case study across North America conducted by Whollistic Environmental

Consulting (WEC, 2007), yard and food waste make up over a quarter of all the ordinary
garbage we throw away. That's 25% by weight. In the U.S., that 25% is almost equally
divided between yard waste (32.6 million tons, or 12.8% of all MSW) and food scraps
(31.7 million tons, or 12.5%). And then there's all the other organic stuff that could be
composted: all the clothing, towels, and bedding made of organic fibers, plus wood, old
furniture and sawdust. Then there's paper, which at 83 million tons accounts for another
30% of municipal solid waste. As of 2006, the latest year for which figures are available,
over 64% of the yard waste we throw away was recovered and composted, as was
54.5% of the paper and cardboard. Only 2.6% of food waste reached a compost heap.

Local Studies

The experiences and practices of household waste management of people in a

barangay (village) in Manila, Philippines are documented. The data were gathered
through an interview with household members using open-ended questions. Interviews
were also conducted with garbage collectors as well as scavengers. Results showed
that the households generated an average of 3.2 kg of solid waste per day, or 0.50
kg/capita/day. The types of wastes commonly generated are food/kitchen wastes,
papers, PET bottles, metals, and cans, boxes/cartons, glass bottles,
cellophane/plastics, and yard/garden wastes. The respondents segregate their wastes
into PET bottles, glass bottles, and other waste (mixed wastes). No respondents
perform composting. It is worth noting, however, that burning of waste is not done by
the respondents. The households rely on garbage collection by the government.
Collection is done twice daily, except Sundays, and household members bring their
garbage when the garbage truck arrives. However, there are those who dump their
garbage in non-designated pick-up points, usually in a corner of the street. The dumped
garbage becomes a breeding ground for disease-causing organisms. Some household
respondents said that it is possible that the dumping in certain areas caused the dengue
fever suffered by some of their family members. Mothers and household helpers are
responsible for household waste management. Scavengers generally look for recyclable
items in the dumped garbage. All of them said that it is their only source of income,
which is generally not enough for their meals. Most of the respondents said that
garbage collection and disposal is the responsibility of the government. The results of
the study showed that RA 9003, also known as the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000, is not fully implemented in Metro Manila (Bernardo,2008).

This study highlights the results of the study that was conducted to analyze the
solid waste management practices of the waste generators, and the extent of their
compliance with the Republic Act 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000. The study was conducted in Bacolod City, Philippines in
2007. The findings of this study served as basis in developing a handbook on solid
waste management (Ballados,2010).

The Motiong town government in Samar has vowed to intensify the

implementation of its Solid Waste Management Program after barangay chairmen here
took at one-day seminar-workshop on the program. The activity was held at the
Legislative Building here last Wednesday, August 29.Motiong Mayor Francisco M. Langi
Sr. said 30 barangay chairmen of his municipality attended said seminar-workshop
sponsored by the town government conducted Municipal Planning and Development
Officer, Engr. Nicasio Permejo. Langi said all the barangay chairmen were educated on
the provisions of the Solid Waste Management Act of 2003 so that they would be
acquainted with and help implement the law in their respective barangays and
propagate environmental preservation. He said the town government will strictly
implement the “no segregation, no collection policy” in all of Motiong’s barangays and
urged the barangay officials to put up a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) where they
can segregate bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste materials. Such materials
can be turned into a livelihood as, according to Langi, “there is money in junk”
(Abrematea, 2012).

2.1.3 Public Participation

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, participation is “the action or fact of

partaking, having or forming a part of”. Participation as a concept came to the lime light
as a result of rising advocacy for the end of the top-down strategies to development
action, in favour of greater inclusion of the subjects of the development programs.
Oakley and Marsden (1984) agree that participation is a process and not just a solid
product; however, they are also quick to note that it is very difficult to establish a
universal definition for participation. This indicates that different scholars, authors and
organizations define and understand participation differently. Their definitions and
understanding is often guided by the orientation and intent of the individual or
organization defining participation, given the circumstances.

Although participation is widely known to be a free process, in some instances it

practically requires that people are dragged into getting involved in operations that are
of no interest to them, but they are coerced in the name of participation. Oakley and
Marsden (1984), look at participation as a concept that is closely linked to rural
development. They also explain that very often, participation is seen as some kind of
ingredient that can be added to the recipe for rural development so that the results from
the development project are palatable (Oakley and Marsden, 1984:17). The conception
that participation is an important ingredient in development presents a temptation to
force participation at any cost. However, it is perhaps helpful to note that there is what
Oakley and Marsden refer to as authentic participation, which is described as a result of
a bottom up process of the development. The concept of participation requires clear
interpretation and careful comprehension before it is adopt for any given purpose.
 According to OAKLEY and MARSDEN (1984) try to explain the different
interpretation of the concept of participation by used of for terms that is collaboration-
input- sponsorship, community development, organization, and empowering. These
terms are used to explain the different orientation in the participation discourse, and
different terms represent different intentions or purposes for which participation is
adopted by the implementers and participation can be looked at as a means as much as
it can be looked at as an end in itself. Participation can be perceived as a means if it is
adopted as a method of achieving success in a development program. It can also be an
end in itself if it is seen us a process the outcome of which is meaningful participation’’
(OAKLEY and MARSDEN, 1984; 27) in contemporary practice of participation, the
former perception is more prominent. Participation is adopted as a catalyst success of a
beneficial undertaking in a community.

It advices that there is no need to look for a model of participation that is one-
size- fits- all; thus this study takes on the perspective of participation as a means.
(BARNES, 2005),

2.2 Review of related literature

This section contains five divisions, the first reviews sustainable development as
a means and as an end in itself, the second presents waste management practices, the
third presents an integrated strategy to solid waste management, followed by how the
strategy can work and the last present in detailed the significance of public participation
in solid waste management.

2.2.1 Sustainable Development as a mean and an end in itself

In this 21ST century, concern about sustainable development is at the helm of

most contemporary development debates/discussions and project undertakings. Most
conventionally, sustainable development is understood as that development that is
mindful of the future generation’ needs while resources are used to meet the needs of
the present generation (Brundtland, 1987). Several issues arise when we start talking
about sustainable development. Most of these issues relate to the “how” of sustainable
development. Sustainable development has continuously become a prominent phrase
in the development discourse and has been impactful in changing the orientation and
practice of development (Adams, 2001). Its prominence, however, has also bred varying
meanings and definitions of the concept.

Taking a closer look at the list under sustainable development as a means,

brings out the fact that most, if not all such activities are dictates of either the state or at
least a privileged group that possesses the power to do so in any given society. I
strongly feel that without a proper scrutiny of how such as these activities are done,
sustainable development may become only an ideal fantasy that may never be attained.
As I have noted, in most cases the state or any other mandated structure of authority
singly takes the responsibility of determining how, how much, and to whom these
activities/services, are provided. This unilateral nature of responsibility definitely has an
effect on sustainability.

Waste management is one of the services that are usually left to the authorities
to take care of, and is particularly of concern in the debate on sustainable development.
Particular attention has to be paid to the practices of waste management because if not
well done, may have far reaching effects on the environment and thereby affecting
sustainable development.

2.2.2 Waste management practices

There are several factors that have facilitated increase in the volume of solid
waste generated. One of the factors that have led to increased solid waste generation is
rapid urbanization (UNEP, 2007). Urbanization comes with expansion of towns which
manifests through the growth of social and economic infrastructure/services and
industrialization. The growth in such services warrants the increase in population in
such areas. An increased population automatically means increased demand for not
only social services but also consumables which potentially present a larger base for
waste generation-in most cases solid waste.

The increase in the volumes of waste generated has also been proved to be
synonymous with the “new lifestyles associated with greater affluence” which convert
into higher consumption levels, thus generating more waste amidst changes in waste
composition (UNEP, 2007:224). Affluence influences people to adopt superfluous
demand and purchase patterns making people acquire more of what is not very
necessary for their wellbeing. When people possess more than what they actually need,
failure to consume all that they affluently have, eventually leads them to get rid of the
useless excess which turns into solid waste. In most cases more purchases also mean
more packaging material- which readily translates into solid waste especially for the
manufactured products. The manufactured products contain materials which are very
difficult to decompose, for example plastics, thus increasing waste volumes
uncontrollably (Bournay, 2006). In a capitalistic world, the ultimate aim of the
manufacturers is to make as much profit as the market can permit. Because of this line
of thought, the manufacturers are more concerned about suiting the product to the
consumer. Little or even no effort is made to package the products in an
environmentally sensitive way and those that make an effort, are still very few. Usually,
the burden is left to the consumer to dispose of the waste packaging material by their
own means. In doing so, the manufacturers actually externalize the costs of solid waste
management by extending it to the consumers. The problem here is that in most cases
the manufacturers do not even bother to give any instructions to the end user on how to
manage the waste appropriately. This complicates the solid waste management
process as those who “manufacture” the solid waste have not considered internalization
of the cost of solid waste management, say as a way of doing Corporate Social
Responsibility. Generally, there is a tendency for development to come with increased
waste generation. Data from Asia confirms that the more developed countries like
Japan, Laos and Thailand, have more municipal waste generated per capita.
Interestingly also, there have not been signs of abating the increasing amounts of waste
generated (UNEP, 2007:224). The rapid increase in waste generation has therefore
made effective waste management in many countries. Challenging consequently, it has
put human life and the environment at stake. Some countries in Asia have taken on
eco-top of eco-labeling, the 3-R approach: (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) is also
becoming popular in Asia (and other parts of the world).

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter discussed the research design, methods, and procedures that were
employed in this study. It was presented the description of the research respondents,
research locale, research instruments and data gathering procedure.

Research design

This study was used the descriptive method of research. This method involves
collecting data in order to test hypothesis or answer questions concerning the current
status of the subjects of the study. This most appropriate method of determining the
Impact of the Implementation of SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT in Poblacion, Tukuran,
Zamboanga Del Sur.

On the other hand, this is also a correlation as it attempt to find out the extent of
relationship between the researches variables through statistical measures.

Research Locale

This study was conducted in Barangay Sto.Nino. It is located at the Municipality

of Tukuran Province of Zamboanga del Sur

Research Respondents
 The target respondents of this study were the people live in Barangay Sto. Nino,
Tukuran Zamboanga Del Sur.

Research Instrument

A survey questionnaire used as the main instruments in gathering the data. This
is a self- made instrument typically consist of written questions classified according to
the sub – problem raised in this study. The researchers gathered and read various
references such as books, unpublished materials and also through internet and other
related topics necessary in the construction of a reliable and valid instrument.

Data Gathering Procedure

A permission letter was asked from the Barangay Captain of Sto. Nino, Tukuran
Zamboanga Del Sur an appointment was sent to the different Purok in Sto. Nino for
administration of our survey questionnaire. A survey questionnaire was administered to
the one respondent. The research further demonstrated with the used of visual aids and
situation to the respondents to have clear view of the objectives and important of the
study. Immediately after administering the survey questionnaire, all results shall be
checked, compared, analyze, and correlated in order implementation of Solid Waste
Management with the variables used in the study.
REFERENCE:
https://solidwastemngt.weebly.com/chapter-ii-rrl.html

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