Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation_diagram

Piping and instrumentation diagram

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is a diagram in the process industry which shows the piping of the process flow together
with the installed equipment and instrumentation.

Contents
1 Contents and Function
2 List of P&ID items
3 Identification and Reference Designation
4 Symbols of chemical apparatus and equipments
5 See also
6 External links

Contents and Function

A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is defined by the Institute of Instrumentation and
Control as follows:

1. A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the instrumentation used to
control the process. In the process industry, a standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of
processes. The instrument symbols used in these drawings are generally based on International Society
of Automation (ISA) Standard S5. 1.
2. The primary schematic drawing used for laying out a process control installation.

P&IDs play a significant role in the maintenance and modification of the process that it describes. It is critical
to demonstrate the physical sequence of equipment and systems, as well as how these systems connect. During An example of a P&ID.
the design stage, the diagram also provides the basis for the development of system control schemes, allowing
for further safety and operational investigations, such as the hazard and operability study (HAZOP).

For processing facilities, it is a pictorial representation of

Key piping and instrument details

1 of 6 5/22/2011 12:26 PM
Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation_diagram

Control and shutdown schemes

Safety and regulatory requirements and
Basic start up and operational information

List of P&ID items

Instrumentation and designations
Mechanical equipment with names and numbers
All valves and their identifications
Process piping, sizes and identification
Miscellanea - vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increasers and swagers

Permanent start-up and flush lines

Flow directions
Interconnections references
Control inputs and outputs, interlocks
Interfaces for class changes
Computer control system input
Identification of components and subsystems delivered by others

Identification and Reference Designation

The P&ID is used for the identification of measurements within the process. Identification letters for measurements are based on Standard S5. 1 and
ISO 14617-6:

First-Letter Measurement
A Analysis
B Burner, Combustion
C User's Choice (usually Conductivity)
D User's Choice (usually Density)
E Voltage
F Flow

2 of 6 5/22/2011 12:26 PM
Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation_diagram

G User's Choice
H Hand
I Current
J Power
K Time, Time Schedule
L Level
M User's Choice
N User's Choice (usually Torque)
O User's Choice
P Pressure
Q Quantity
R Radiation
S Speed, Frequency
T Temperature
U User's Choice (usually Alarm Output)
V Vibration, Mechanical Analysis
W Weight, Force
X User's Choice (usually on-off valve as XV)
Y Event, State, Presence
Z Position, Dimension

For reference designation of any equipment in industrial systems the standard IEC 61346 (Industrial systems, installations and equipment and
industrial products — Structuring principles and reference designations) can be applied. For the function Measurement the reference designator B is
used, followed by the above listed letter for the measured variable.

For reference designation of any equipment in a power station the KKS Power Plant Classification System can be applied.

3 of 6 5/22/2011 12:26 PM
Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation_diagram

Symbols of chemical apparatus and equipments

Below are listed some symbols of chemical apparatus and equipment normally used in a P&ID, according to DIN 30600 and ISO 14617.

Symbols of chemical apparatus and equipment

Thermally Cooled or heated

Pipe Jacketed pipe
insulated pipe pipe

Jacketed mixing Half pipe mixing Pressurized Pressurized

vessel (autoclave) vessel horizontal vessel vertical vessel

Vacuum pump or
Pump Bag Gas bottle
compressor

Fan Axial fan Radial fan Dryer

Packing column Tray column Furnace Cooling tower

4 of 6 5/22/2011 12:26 PM
Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation_diagram

Plate & frame

Heat exchanger Heat exchanger Cooler
heat exchanger

Fixed straight
Double pipe heat U shaped tubes Spiral heat
tubes heat
exchanger heat exchanger exchanger
exchanger

Covered gas vent Curved gas vent (Air) filter Funnel

Pressure reducing
Steam trap Viewing glass Flexible pipe
valve

Back draft
Valve Control valve Manual valve
damper

Needle valve Butterfly valve Diaphragm valve Ball valve

5 of 6 5/22/2011 12:26 PM
Piping and instrumentation diagram - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation_diagram

See also
Commons:Category:Chemical engineering symbols - A list of P&ID symbols in SVG format
Process flow diagram

External links
ISO reference for P&ID symbols (http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=18721)
How to read P&IDs (http://wcours.gel.ulaval.ca/2007/a/65214/default/5notes/P&IDs.pdf)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_instrumentation_diagram"
Categories: Engineering | Piping | Diagrams

This page was last modified on 17 May 2011 at 16:46.

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

6 of 6 5/22/2011 12:26 PM