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The Computer is electronic device, it

works of the programs.

Computer programs are software.

Computer software, or just software, is a


collection of computer programs and
related data that provides the
instructions for telling a computer what
to do and how to do it.
Software refers to one or more computer
programs and data held in the storage of the
computer.
In other words, software is a set of
programs, procedures, algorithms and
its documentation concerned with the operation
of a data processing system.

The hard disk stores data


and software programs
Software includes all the various forms and roles that
digitally stored data may have and play in a computer
(or similar system), regardless of whether the data is
used as code for a CPU, or other interpreter, or
whether it represents other kinds of information.

All computer software written by programmer .

In large corporations software is often


written by groups of experienced
programs, each person focusing on a
specific and industrial software
sometimes costs much more than do
the computers on which the programs
run.
All software of the computer possible to divide
into three classes

System Tools of the


Application
software making
software
the programs
Application software is intended for
decision of the tasks of the user.

Application software is developed to perform in any


task that benefits from computation. It is a set of
programs that allows the computer to perform a
specific data processing job for the user. It is a
broad category, and encompasses software of many
kinds, including the internet browser being used to
display this page.
For Example:
Application software includes
Editors of text Graphics programs

Tabular System of database

processors

Programs for Internet


Accounting
programs

Programs of multimedia
Computer hardware is the collection of physical
elements that constitutes a computer system.
System software is computer software designed to
operate the computer hardware, to provide basic
functionality, and to provide a platform for
running application software.
System software is responsible for managing a variety
of independent hardware components, so that they can
work together harmoniously.
System software purpose is to
unburden the application
software programmer from the often
complex details of the particular
computer being used, including such
accessories as communications
devices, printers, device readers,
displays and keyboards, and also to
partition the computer's resources
such as memory and processor time in
a safe and stable manner.
Device drivers are the programs for
controlling functioning device

Servers for servicing computer and


file system

Operating systems providing functioning


computer and the user
Device drivers are the special programs which
oriented for controlling and managing external and
internal devises of PC.

The devises of PC which has driver

Internal devices External devices


Carriers Hard disk(s), diskette drive, Keyboard
of information CD-ROM, DVD, etc. Mouse
Joystick
Display (Screen)
Graphics card (video
Printer
adapter), network card, SCSI
Plug-in cards Scanner
(small computer systems
Speakers
interface) controller. Sound
Modem
card, video and TV
Digital cam
card, modem
era
Servers (Utilities) for servicing
computer and file system.
A servers program is a program for
working and technical services PC
for transaction an extra function
such as working with files and
catalogues, diagnoses equipments,
optimization of hard disk space,
restore information, antivirus
program, archiving program and
etc.

Servers programs are the shells of program and shells


of operating is relieving functioning with operating
system.
An operating system is a program that acts
as an interface between the software and the
computer hardware.
It is an integration set of specialized
programs that are used to manage overall
resources and operations of the computer.
It is specialized software that controls and
monitors the execution of all other programs
that reside in the computer, including application
programs and other system software.
The operating system is the most important
program that runs on a computer. Every general-
purpose computer must have an operating system to
run other programs. Operating systems perform basic
tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard,
sending output to the display screen, keeping track of
files and directories on the disk, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
The Operating system - a program, intended for
computer governing and interactions with applied
program.
The most wide-spread operating system for
personal computer are: MS WINDOWS, OS/2, UNIX.
Programming software include tools in the form of
programs or applications that software developers
use to create, debug, maintain, or otherwise support
other programs and applications. The term usually
refers to relatively simple programs such
as compilers, debuggers, interpreters, linkers,
and text editors, that can be combined together to
accomplish a task, much as one might use multiple
hand tools to fix a physical object. Programming
tools are intended to assist a programmer in
writing computer programs, and they may be
combined in an integrated development
environment (IDE) to more easily manage all of these
functions.
The Programming software consists different of
programming system.
The Programming system are an instrument for
programmer. The Programming system has different
programming languages.
Three main groups of the programming
languages:
- Procedural or algorithmic (Q basic, Turbo
Pasсal);
- Object-oriented (Visual Basic, Delphi);
- Declarative or languages of the logical
programming (the Prologue).
Two types of the programming
languages:

 The languages of high


programming level

 The low-level programming


languages
The any programmer understand
structures of the languages of high
programming level. The languages of
high programming level used for
creating standard program for user.
Low-level Language is machine
languages and it’s understand the
system programmer because the low-
level languages used for creating system
software. Low-level Languages are С,
С++, Visual С++, С# and Assembler.
An operating system is a program that acts as an
interface between the software and the computer hardware.
It is an integration set of specialized programs that are used
to manage overall resources and operations of the computer.
It is specialized software that controls and monitors the
execution of all other programs that reside in the computer,
including application programs and other system software.
The operating system is the most important program
that runs on a computer. Every general-purpose computer
must have an operating system to run other programs.
Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing
input from the keyboard, sending output to the display
screen, keeping track of files and directories on the disk, and
controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and
printers.
•Introduced in 1985, Microsoft Windows 1.0 was named due to the
computing boxes, or "windows" that represented a fundamental aspect
of the operating system. Instead of typing MS-DOS commands,
windows 1.0 allowed users to point and click to access the windows.
•Microsoft released Windows 3.0 in May, 1990 offering better icons,
performance and advanced graphics with 16 colors designed for Intel
386 processors.
•A major release of the Microsoft Windows operating system released
in 1995. Windows 95 represents a significant advance over its
precursor, Windows 3.1. In addition to sporting a new user interface,
Windows 95 also includes a number of important internal
improvements.
•Windows 98 offers support for a number of new technologies,
including FAT32, AGP, MMX, USB, DVD, and ACPI. Its most visible
feature, though, is the Active Desktop, which integrates the Web
browser (Internet Explorer) with the operating system. From the user's
point of view, there is no difference between accessing a document
residing locally on the user's hard disk or on a Web server halfway
around the world.
•The Windows Millennium Edition (September 2000), called "indows Me"
was an update to the Windows 98 core and included some features of the
Windows 2000 operating system. This version also removed the "boot in
DOS" option.
Windows XP (October 2001) was first introduced in 2001. Along with a
redesigned look and feel to the user interface, the new operating system is
built on the Windows 2000 kernel, giving the user a more stable and reliable
environment than previous versions of Windows. Windows XP comes in two
versions, Home and Professional.
•Windows Vista (November 2006) offered an advancement in reliability,
security, ease of deployment, performance and manageability over Windows
XP.
•Windows 7 (October, 2009) made its official debut to the public on October
22, 2009 as the latest in the 25-year-old line of Microsoft Windows operating
systems and as the successor to Windows Vista (which itself had followed
Windows XP).
•Windows 8 (Codename, Expected Release 2012) is a completely redesigned
operating system that's been developed from the ground up with touch
screen use in mind as well as near-instant-on capabilities that enable a
Windows 8 PC to load and start up in a matter of seconds rather than in
minutes.
The desktop is the screen that appears after you boot up, or turn on, your
computer (Figure ). It shows, a number of icons on a background picture or
colour.
When you buy a new computer and boot up
for the first time, the desktop will only show a
small number of icons. In the Windows
operating system, these usually include My
Computer and the Recycle Bin.
Double-clicking on an icon with the mouse
opens a computer program, a folder or a file.
Folders usually contain other files. You can
move icons around the desktop, add new
ones or remove them by deleting them.
Deleted files go to the Recycle Bin. People
usually put the programs they use most often
on the desktop to find them quickly.
When you double-click on My Computer another screen
appears (Figure ).
This screen shows the A: drive icon, for floppy disks; the
C: drive icon, which usually contains all of the main
programs and folders on your computer; the D: drive icon,
which is usually the CD-ROM drive, and the Control Panel
folder.
When you work with OS Windows applications you may use
the Key Combinations. Nearly all commands can be issued
from the keyboard (mostly with Ctrl+A_letter).
In some Microsoft Office pack ages, hundreds of key
combinations exist but most people only use a few of them –
generally the ones which are common through out Microsoft
Office. The main ones are:

Ctrl+X – Cut Ctrl+O - Open


Ctrl +A – Select All Ctrl+P - Print
Ctrl+B – Bold Ctrl+S - Save
Ctrl+C – Copy Ctrl+U – Under line
Ctrl+F – Find Ctrl+V -Paste
Ctrl+H – Replace Ctrl +Z - Undo
Ctrl+I - Italic Ctrl+Home -Move to top
Ctrl+N - New Ctrl+End - Move to end
Alt + F4 - Exit

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