Research Paper #3

Different instruments used in measuring weight.

SPRING SCALE

A spring scale or spring balance or newton meter is a type of mechanical

force gauge or weighing scale. It consists of a spring fixed at one end with a hook
to attach an object at the other.

PAN SCALE

A device for weighing. It has a balanced beam and two pans.

When the pans contain exactly the same mass the beam is in balance.
You can place an object in one pan and standard weights in the other to
find what the object weighs.

TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE

The triple beam balance is an
instrument used to measure weight very
precisely. The device has reading error of
+/- 0.05 gram. The name refers to the three
beams including the middle beam which is
the largest size, the front beam which is the
medium size, and the far beam which is the
smallest size.

ELECTRONIC BALANCE
Electronic balances have become standard equipment for many
high school and college chemistry departments. They allow the user to
quickly and accurately measure the mass of a substance to a level of
accuracy impossible for traditional balances to achieve.

ANALYTICAL BALANCE
An analytical balance is a class of balance designed to measure small mass
in the sub-milligram range. The measuring pan of an analytical balance is inside a
transparent enclosure with doors so that dust does not collect and so any air currents
in the room do not affect the balance's operation.
Research Paper #4
Different instruments used in measuring volume.

BEAKER

A beaker is a generally cylindrical container with a flat bottom.[1] Most also have
a small spout (or "beak") to aid pouring, as shown in the picture. Beakers are available in
a wide range of sizes, from one millilitre up to several litres.

GRADUATED CYLINDER

A graduated cylinder, measuring cylinder or mixing cylinder is a

common piece of laboratory equipment used to measure the volume of a liquid. It
has a narrow cylindrical shape. Each marked line on the graduated cylinder
represents the amount of liquid that has been measured.

BURETTE

A burette (also buret) is a graduated glass tube with a tap at one end, for
delivering known volumes of a liquid, especially in titrations. It is a long,
graduated glass tube, with a stopcock at its lower end and a tapered capillary
tube at the stopcock's outlet. The flow of liquid from the tube to the burette tip is
controlled by the stopcock valve. There are two main types of burette; the
volumetric burette and the Piston burette or Digital burette.

PIPETTES

A pipette (sometimes spelled pipet) is a laboratory tool commonly used

in chemistry, biology and medicine to transport a measured volume of liquid,
often as a media dispenser. Pipettes come in several designs for various
purposes with differing levels of accuracy and precision, from single piece glass
pipettes to more complex adjustable or electronic pipettes. Many pipette types
work by creating a partial vacuum above the liquid-holding chamber and
selectively releasing this vacuum to draw up and dispense liquid. Measurement
accuracy varies greatly depending on the style.

FLASK

A volumetric flask (measuring flask or graduated flask) is a piece

of laboratory apparatus, a type of laboratory flask, calibrated to contain a
precise volume at a certain temperature. Volumetric flasks are used for precise
dilutions and preparation of standard solutions. These flasks are usually pear-
shaped, with a flat bottom, and made of glass or plastic. The flask's mouth is
either furnished with a plastic snap/screw cap or fitted with a joint to
accommodate a PTFE or glass stopper. The neck of volumetric flasks is
elongated and narrow with an etched ring graduation marking. The marking
indicates the volume of liquid contained when filled up to that point. The marking
is typically calibrated "to contain" (marked "TC" or "IN") at 20 °C and indicated
correspondingly on a label. The flask's label also indicates
the nominal volume, tolerance, precision class, relevant manufacturing standard
and the manufacturer’s logo. Volumetric flasks are of various sizes, containing
from 1 milliliter to 20 liters of liquid.
Research Paper #2
Different Instrument

RULER
The ruler, also called "straightedge" or "straight-edged
ruler," is a long, thin strip of wood, metal or plastic marked with
increments of measurement. Rulers feature straight flat edges that
aid in measuring and laying out distances in geometry, drafting,
design, architecture and more. Rulers range in length from one
foot to three feet or more, depending on their application.

MEASURING TAPE
The modern measuring tape's roughly palm-sized casing
contains a coiled strip of metal marked with increments of
measurement. The metal strip, called "tape," attaches to a spring
which automatically retracts the tape into the casing following use.
A metal clip attached to the tape's end, called a "tang," allows its
operator to attach the end of the tape to a stationary object and
pull the tape to distant points. Variations include cloth tape
measures encased and retracted by reel.

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LASER MEASURE
The laser measure offers point and shoot distance measurement. In
its most basic form, a laser measure is a hand-held electronic device with a
digital display. The measure's operator points the device toward an object
and activates the laser to receive the distance

ANGLE GAUGE
The angle gauge, also called "angle finder,"
measures the angle between adjacent surfaces.
The tool appears as two straightedge rulers hinged
together mark that points to numbers printed at one

end.

CALIPER
The term "calipers" refers to measuring
tools that determine the distance between opposite
sides. Basic calipers feature hinged metal pieces
that either expand to press against and measure
the opposing sides on the inside of an opening or
pinch to close against the opposing exterior sides
of an object. Calipers are often used to measure
the diameter of round objects, such as pipes.