Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
HIDROLIKA
𝜗 = 1,3 ∗ 10𝑚2 /𝑑
V = 5,5 m/d
𝑉𝐷 5,5∗0,15
Jawab : tipe aliaran dapat diketahui dari angaka Reynolds 𝜗
= 1,3∗10− 6
= 6,35*105
2. Diketahui : D = 4 cm =0,004 m
𝜗 = 1 ∗ 106 𝑚2 /𝑑
𝜋
Debit aliran, Q=AV=4 = (0,04)2*0,05=6,238*10−5 𝑚3 /𝑑
S = 0,9
D = 2,5 cm = 0,025 m
Q = 3 𝑙 ⁄𝑑
𝜋
A = 4 ∗ (0,025)2 = 4,909 ∗ 10−4 𝑚2
𝑄 3∗10−3
Kecepatan aliran : V =𝐴 = 4,909∗10−4
= 6,111 m/d
𝑉𝐷 6,111∗0,025
Angka reynolds : Re = 𝜗 = 1,67∗10−4
=914,82
Kekentalan kinematika :
𝑉 0,7∗10−3
Q=𝐴= 1 = 0,1393 𝑚⁄𝑑
𝜋∗0,0822
4
𝑉𝐷 0,1393∗0,08
Re = = =
𝜗 1,3∗10−6
8572,30
karena nilai Re > 4000 maka aliran adalah turbulen
b) kehilangan tenaga
c) angka Reynolds
32𝜗𝑉𝐿
ℎ𝑓 =
𝑔𝐷 2
6. Diketahui : D = 10 mm =0,01 m
Re =1800
32𝜗𝑉𝐿 32𝜗 𝐿 𝑉 2
ℎ𝑓 = 𝑔𝐷 2
= 𝑉𝐷 𝐷 𝑔
32 100 𝑉 2
30 =
1800 0,01 9,81
V =1,2886 𝑚⁄𝑑𝑒𝑡
𝜋
Q = AV = 4 0,012 ∗ 1,2886 = 1,0105 ∗ 10−4 𝑚3 ⁄𝑑 = 0,0101 𝑙 ⁄𝑑
7. Diketahui : D = 30 cm = 0,3 m
L = 4000 m
Q = 40 𝑙 ⁄𝑑 = 0,04 𝑚3 ⁄𝑑
𝜗 = 2,1 ∗ 10−4 𝑚2 ⁄𝑑
S = 0,9 𝜌 = 900 𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3
𝑉𝐷 0,566∗0,3
Angka reynolds : Re = 𝜗
= 2,1∗10−4
= 808,6 (𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟)
𝑃 𝑉𝐴2 𝑃 𝑉 𝐵2
𝑍𝐴 = 𝛾𝐴 + 2𝑔
= 𝑍𝐵 = 𝛾𝐵 + 2𝑔
+ ℎ𝑓
(𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉𝐵 𝑃𝐵 = 0)
𝑃𝐴
0+ 𝛾
= 50 + 0 + 17,23
𝑃𝐴
𝛾
= 67,23 𝑚
D = 2,5 cm = 0,025 m
𝜋
Debit aliran : Q = AV = 4 *0,0252 ∗ 1,2165 = 5,971 ∗ 10−4 𝑚3 ⁄𝑑
9. Diketahui : L = 600 m
D = 15 cm =0,15 m
𝜗 = 19 𝑐𝑚⁄𝑑 = 19 ∗ 10−4 𝑚2 ⁄𝑑
𝑉𝐷 0,5∗0,15
Jawab : Re = 𝜗
= 19∗10−4 = 39,47 (𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟)
D =20 cm = 0,20 m
Q = 40 l/d =0,040
L = 100 m
S= 0,9 𝜌𝑚 = 900𝑘𝑔⁄𝑚3
a) Pipa datar
dp = ∆𝑝 = 𝑃𝐵− 𝑃𝐴 =−ℎ𝑓 𝛾
kecepatan maksimum
−𝑎 2 𝑑𝑝 −𝑎 2 ∆𝑝 −𝑎 2 ℎ𝑓 𝛾 𝑎 2 ℎ𝑓 𝛾
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4𝜇 𝑑𝑠
= 4𝜇 𝐿
= 4𝜇
∗ 𝐿
= 4𝜇𝐿
0,12 ∗2,18∗900∗9,81
= 4∗0,189∗100
= 2,546 m/d
𝑎 2 −𝑟 2 𝑑𝑝 𝑎 2 −𝑟 2 ℎ𝑓 𝛾
𝜗= 4𝜋
= 𝑑𝑠 = − 4𝜋
∗ − 𝐿
b) Pipa miring
𝑃𝐴 𝑉𝐴2 𝑃𝐵 𝑉𝐵2
𝑍𝐴 = + = 𝑍𝐵 = + + ℎ𝑓
𝛾 2𝑔 𝛾 2𝑔
𝑃𝐵− 𝑃𝐴
= (𝑍𝐵− 𝑍𝐴 )−ℎ𝑓
𝛾
dp = ∆𝑝 = 𝑃𝐵− 𝑃𝐴 = (𝑍𝐵− 𝑍𝐴 ) 𝛾 − ℎ𝑓 𝛾
−𝑎 2 𝑑𝑝 𝑑ℎ −𝑎 2 (𝑍𝐵− 𝑍𝐴 ) ℎ𝑓 𝛾 𝑍𝐵− 𝑍𝐴 )γ
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 4𝜇 𝑑𝑠
+ 𝑑𝑠
𝛾= 4𝜇 𝐿
- 𝐿
− 𝐿
0,12 2,18∗900∗9,81
= ∗ = 2,546 𝑚/𝑑
4∗0,189 100
𝜗 = 0,74 ∗ 10−4 𝑚2 ⁄𝑑
D = 100 mm = 0,1 m
L =100
𝑎 2 −𝑟 2 𝑑
Jawab : persamaan distribusi kecepatan pada laminer : 𝜗 = − (𝑝 + ℎ𝛾) (1)
4𝜋 𝑑𝑠
−𝑎2 𝑑
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑝 + ℎ𝛾) (2)
4𝜇 𝑑𝑠
−𝑎2 𝑑
Kecepatan rerata : V = (𝑝 + ℎ𝛾) (3)
8𝜇 𝑑𝑠
Persamaan 2 dan 3
𝑑 4𝜋
(𝑝 + ℎ𝛾) = 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 (4)
𝑑𝑠 𝑎2
𝑑 4𝜋
(𝑝 + ℎ𝛾) = 𝑣 (5)
𝑑𝑠 𝑎2
𝑎 2 −𝑟 2 4𝜋 𝑎 2 −𝑟 2
𝜗= − 4𝜋
∗ - 𝑎2 𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( 𝑎2
)𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑟2
𝜗 = (1-𝑎2 )𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 (6)
𝑉𝐷 𝑉∗0,1
Re = 𝜗
→ 1800 = 0,74∗10−4 = 1,332 𝑚/𝑑
𝑚
𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2𝑉 = 2 ∗ 1,332 = 2,664 𝑑
𝑟2 0,0422
𝜗 = (1- 2 )𝑣𝑚𝑎𝑥 =(1- )*2,664 = 0,959 m/d
𝑎 0,052
L = 10 km = 10.000 m
Q= 0,02 𝑚3 ⁄𝑑
V = 2,1*10−4 𝑚2 ⁄𝑑
𝑉𝐷 0,04074∗0,25
Angka Reynolds : Re = 𝜗
= 2,1∗10−4
= 485 (𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟)
𝑃 𝑉𝐴2 𝑃 𝑉 𝐵2
Persamaan Bernoulli untuk kedua ujung : 𝑍𝐴 = 𝛾𝐴 + 2𝑔
= 𝑍𝐵 = 𝛾𝐵 + 2𝑔
+ ℎ𝑓
𝑃𝐴 10.000
0+ 𝛾
= 50 + 900∗9,81+ 17,23