Oxford Grammar File 1-9 - 34 P PDF

Grammar file 1 English File 1
1 Verb be : present simple ■

✓ ✗ Short answer
■
+ Positive I am. I ’m not.
I ’m you you
we are. we aren’t.
You ’re
Yes, they No, they
He
he he
She ’s German.
she is. she isn’t.
It
it it
We
You ’re ■ ■
Don’t use contractions in + positive short answers.
They Are you tired? Yes, I am.  Yes, I’m.
Contractions ’m = am ’s = is ’re = are
Word order in questions
■ There are three forms: am, is, and are. ■
+ ■
?
■ There are eight personal pronouns: I, Subject Verb Verb Subject
you (singular), he, she, it, we, you (plural),
and they. You ’re Polish. Are you ● Polish?
She ’s from Tokyo. Where ’s she ● from?
■ you (s.) and you (pl.) are the same.
■
– Negative ■ ■
Put the verb before the subject in ? questions.
I ’m not 2 Adjectives (1)

You He’s
We aren’t She’s French.
They Italian. We’re
He
She isn’t ■ Adjectives don’t change.
It
3 Imperatives
Contraction n’t = not
Verb ■
+ Imperative ■
– Imperative
■ Use not after the verb to make ■
– negatives. open Open the door, please! Don’t open the door.
■
? Question ■ There are only two forms: positive and negative.
Am I ■ Singular and plural imperatives are the same.
you 4 Possessive adjectives (1)

Are we
they Japanese? I my My name’s Sophie.
you your What’s your name?
he
he his His name’s Harrison Ford.
Is she ➤
➤
it she her Her name’s Suzanna.

➤
➤
■ Use his for a man and her for a woman.
5 Capital letters
I’m Spanish. Poland Wednesday Mike
■ Use CAPITAL letters for pronoun I, nationalities, countries,

days, and names.
© Oxford University Press

Grammar check 1 English File I
1 Verb be: contractions Complete the sentences.

쎵 앥
1 I am I’m fine. I’m not tired

2 you are a student. You a teacher.
3 he is Mexican. He Brazilian.
4 she is from Vienna. She from Salzburg.
5 it is a computer. It a TV.
6 we are in room 10. We in room 11.
7 they are African. They European.
2 a Questions / Short answers Write the questions. Use capital letters. b Complete the answers.
Questions Answers
1 issheegyptian? Is she Egyptian? No, she isn’t.
2 aretheyfromitaly? Yes, they .
3 isthisyourpen? No, it .
4 areyougerman? No, I .
5 isitfridaytoday? Yes, it .
6 areyoufromtokyo? No, we .
3 Word order in questions Write questions. 5 Possessive adjectives Complete with my, your,
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Use contractions. his, or her.

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1 your what is name ? What’s your name? 1 He’s Chinese but passport is American.
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2 teacher is your who ? 2 I’m from Milan and name’s Luigi.

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3 What’s name? Where are you from?

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3 York you are from New ?

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4 She isn’t here but bag’s on the desk.

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4 today how you are ?

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6 Grammar words Match the word and example.

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1 adjective d a What’s her name?

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5 this his is file ?

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2 capital letter b 쎵
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3 imperative c be
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6 they are from where ?

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4 verb d tired
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e I’m not British.

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5 question
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f Come here.
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6 negative sentence
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4 Imperatives Complete. g A
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7 positive
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쎵 앥
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1 Ask your teacher. Don’t ask your teacher.

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2 Listen to the cassette.

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3 Don’t look at your

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book.
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4 Answer the question.

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5 Don’t write the words.

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Grammar file1 English File 2
1 What … like?
’s the weather It’s cold and cloudy.
Present
are the people They’re friendly.
What like?
was the weather It was freezing.
Past
were the people They were very nice.
✦ Use What + (be) + noun + like? to ask for a description.

✦ Remember the difference between (be) like and the verb like. What’s the weather like? It’s awful.

What’s your flat like? It’s old and cheap. Do you like your flat? Yes, very much.
2 it (weather)
It’s very hot today.
What was the temperature yesterday? It was 28°.
✦ Use it to talk about weather and temperature.
I’ve been to 15 countries!
3 The present perfect
( '
✦ Form the present perfect with have + past
I I
participle.
You You
’ve haven’t ✦ Use the present perfect to talk generally
We We
They They about past experiences in your life. You don’t
worked in France. worked in Italy.
say exactly when they happened.
He been to the USA. He been to Canada.
I’ve been to America.
She ’s She hasn’t
 I’ve been to America last year.
It It
To say when it happened, use the past simple.
/ & I went to America last year.
Have you worked in Britain? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t. Past participles
Has he been to Spain? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.
✦ For regular verbs, the past participle ends in
Contractions ’ve = have ’s = has ed. It’s the same as the past simple form.
haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not I worked in Spain. / I’ve worked in Spain.
✦ For irregular verbs, the past participle is
sometimes different from the past simple.
my experiences
I was born now
present perfect

Grammar check 1 English File 2
1 What . . . like? Write the questions. Then b Write present perfect sentences. Use
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
match them to the answers. contractions.
1 weather the like what’s? 1 you (meet) my wife ?
What’s the weather like? c Have you met my wife?
2 like Thailand what’s? 2 they (not try) Indian food S
3 the hotel what like was? 3 I (be) to Istanbul R
4 were like beaches the what?

4 they (travel) a lot ?
5 new what’s John’s girlfriend like?
5 he (work) in a restaurant R
a It’s an interesting country.

6 we (not see) her new flat S
b They were very clean.
c It’s cold and foggy.
d She’s very nice.
e It was very comfortable.
2 it (weather) What’s the weather like? Write

sentences.
1 It’s sunny. 2 3
4 5
3 a Present perfect Complete the chart.

Infinitive Past Past participle
work worked worked
be was / were
see seen
go went ___________
tried tried
meet ____________ ____________

1 Articles 4 this / that / these / those

■ There are only two articles in English: a / an and the.
a / an (indefinite article)
a cassette.
bag.
It’s
an office.
umbrella.
■ Use a / an + a singular noun.

■ Use an + vowels (a, e, i, o, u).
■ Use a / an + jobs. I’m a doctor.  I’m doctor.
the (definite article)

■ Use this / that + a singular noun.
■ Use these / those + plural nouns.
5 Present simple: I / you / we / they

■
+ ■
–
I
the /D@/ door / windows. You
Open speak English. I (etc.) don’t speak Italian.
the /Di;/ envelope / umbrellas. We
They
Use the + singular and plural nouns.
■
■ Say /Di;/ for the + vowels.

■
? ■
✓✗
Yes, do.
Do you (etc.) speak German? I (etc.)
2 Nouns No, don’t.
Contraction don’t = do not
Singular Plural Spelling
a book books ■ The verb is the same for I, you, we, and they.
+s
an engineer engineers ■ Use do / don’t (= the auxiliary) in short answers.
Do you like tea? Yes, I do.  Yes, I like.
Also
a watch watches /Iz/
6 Adjectives (2)
+ es (after -ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z)
a fax faxes quite
I’m / You’re (etc.) tired.
a country countries (not) very
consonant + y ➝ ies
a city cities
■ quite and (not) very go before the adjective.
■ Use -s, -es, and -ies to make plurals.
■ Don’t use a / an + plural nouns. 7 Age
They’re books.  They’re a books.
‘How old are you?’ ‘I’m twenty-nine (years old).’
3 How much …? / How many …? ■ Use verb be + age.  I have twenty-nine.
‘How many sandwiches?’ ‘Four, please.’
‘How much is that?’ ‘It’s twelve dollars.’
■ Use How many ...? + plural nouns.

■ Use How much ...? + money.

1 a Articles Complete with a or an. 4 this / that / these / those Complete.
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1 an airport Singular Plural
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2 dog 1 That’s a fax. Those are faxes.
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3 egg 2 is good. These pizzas are good.
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4 hamburger
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3 Is this your key? your keys?
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5 snake 4 Do you like those
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6 year jacket? jackets?
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7 Italian film 5 Are those seats free?
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free?
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8 Chinese restaurant
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6 How old’s that boy? How old
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9 important phone number
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?
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b Complete with a / an or the.
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1 Can I have a piece of paper, please? 5 Present simple Write the negatives.
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2 Please look at the board.

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3 They speak little Japanese.

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4 What does he do? He’s actor.

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1 I work. I don’t work.

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5 Have nice day!

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2 I know. I .
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6 A is first letter of English alphabet.

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3 We like football. We .
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7 What’s this in English? It’s apple.

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4 They play tennis. They .

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8 Where’s stress? Apple.

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5 I speak Russian. I .
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2 Nouns Write the plural. 6 You understand. You .

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Singular Plural
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6 Questions / Short answers Complete with

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1 a bus buses
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do / don’t or verb be.

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2 a language
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1 Do you study French? No, I don’t.

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3 a computer 2 Are you married? No, we aren’t.

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4 a city
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3 they work here? Yes, they .

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5 a horse
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4 your friends like Chinese food? No,

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6 a sandwich
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they .
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7 a tree 5 she South American? No, she .

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8 a monkey
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6 he happy? Yes, he .
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9 a bird
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7 that your bag? No, it .

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8 you want to learn English? Yes, I .

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3 How much …? / How many …? Complete.

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1 How much is fifty pounds in US dollars? 7 quite / (not) very Write the sentences. Use
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2 biscuits do you want? contractions.

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1 cold we quite are We’re quite cold.

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3 students are in your class?

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2 they thirsty not are very

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4 is a coffee and a large coke?

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3 very are hungry you ?

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4 hot it quite is
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5 is tired very he ?
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1 Present perfect or past simple? 2 have to / don’t have to (obligation)

( and '
I
You have to
We don’t have to
They travel a lot.
He get up early every day.
She has to
It doesn’t have to
‘Have you ever been to Paris?’ Yes, I went there in 1994.’ / &
Present perfect Do you have to work at Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Have you ever been to South Have you ever broken weekends?
America? your leg? Does he Yes, he does. / No, he
Yes, I have. Yes, I have. doesn’t.
✦ Use the present perfect to talk generally about past ✦ Use have to / don’t have to + infinitive to talk about
experiences when you don’t say / ask ‘when’. obligation.
✦ Use ever in ? for experiences at any time in your life I have to work tomorrow. It’s Monday.
until now. I don’t have to work tomorrow. It’s Sunday.
✦ Use never in *. ✦ Don’t contract have / has to.
I’ve never broken my leg.  I haven’t never …  She’s to wear a uniform.
Past simple
When did you go to South When did you break
3 can / can’t
America? your leg? ( He can wear jeans at work.
I went to Venezuela in 1995. I broke it last July.
' Amish women can’t have short hair.
/ Can we smoke here?
I went to Venezuela. I broke my leg. & Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
1995 last July ✦ Use can / can’t + infinitive to say what is or isn’t allowed.
past __________________________________ now 4 Impersonal you

You have to be over eighteen to vote.
✦ Use the past simple to say / ask exactly when an How do you spell it?
action happened. You can’t smoke in hospital.
When did you arrive? I arrived ten minutes ago.
✦ you = people in general (not you personally).
A Have you been to …?
B Yes, I have. 5 Relative pronouns (who / which / where)
A When did you go there?
A nurse is a person who works in a hospital.
✦ Conversations often begin with the present perfect, A fridge is a thing which keeps food cold.
then change to the past simple. A post office is a place where you can buy stamps.
✦ Use who / which / where to connect sentences.
✦ You can also use that for people and things.
She’s the person that won the lottery.
A microwave is a machine that cooks food quickly.

1 Present perfect or past simple? Right ✓ or 4 Impersonal you Complete with You can /
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wrong ✗? Correct the wrong sentences. can’t or You have to / don’t have to.
1 Have you ever read a James Bond novel? ✓
2 What time have you finished work
yesterday? 1 You can pay by credit card.
3 I’ve spoken to Natalia five minutes ago.
4 We went to Miami last April.
5 We’ve been to the USA three times.
6 What have you done last night?
2
leave a tip.
2 have to / don’t have to Complete the
sentences.
1 A waiter has to stand up all day.
2 Tomorrow’s a holiday. We
go to school. 3
3 What time do you start turn left.
work?
4 Does your brother work
on Saturdays?
5 A teacher wear a uniform. 4
6 I’m late. I go now. take photos.
3 can / can’t Complete the dialogues with

can / can’t.
 1 Can I borrow the car tonight? 5

?
pay.
 No, sorry, you 2 . I need it. S
You 3 get a taxi. It isn’t far. R
4
 I . I haven’t got any money. S
6
 5 we park here? ? smoke on international
6
 No, we . It says No Parking. S flights.
 Look. There’s a car park. We 7 R
park there.
5 Relative pronouns Complete with who,
which, or where.
1 This is the school where I study German.
2 I know a girl can play the
saxophone.
3 Hitch-hike is a word means to travel
free in somebody’s car.
4 An interpreter is a person can speak
several languages.
5 The place you can leave your car is
called a car park.
1 Present simple: he / she / it Word order in questions
■
+ ■
Q uestion ■
A uxiliary ■
S ubject ■
I nfinitive
I Do you live here?
You Does she play tennis?
speak English.
We
Where do they work?
They
What does John study?
He What time does the bank open?
She speaks English.
It ■ ■■■
Remember: word order = A S I and Q A S I . ■■■■
■ There are only two forms: speak and speaks. 2 can / can’t
Infinitive (= verb) + s for he, she, and it.
■
 She speak … / She’s speaks … ■
+ ■
–
I / You / We / They
can swim. I (etc.) can’t swim.
He / She / It
■
–
I (etc.) don’t speak English. ■
? ■
✓✗
He Yes, can.
Can I (etc.) drive? I (etc.)
She doesn’t speak English. No, can’t.
It Contraction can’t = cannot
■
? ■
✓✗
■ Use can + infinitive.  I can to swim.
Yes, do. ■ can is the same for all pronouns (I / he, etc.).
Do I (etc.) speak English? I (etc.)
No, don’t. ■ can has two meanings:
he he
Yes, does.
Does she speak English? she
No, doesn’t.
it it
Contraction doesn’t = does not
■ ■
Use does / doesn’t + infinitive in – and ? . ■
 He doesn’t smokes. / Does it starts at 3.00?
3 The time
Infinitive Present simple Spelling eight o’clock.
What’s the time? It’s
half past three.
read She reads Newsweek. +s
finish The film finishes /Iz/ at 10 p.m. + es (after -ch, ■ Use It’s + time.
-sh, -s, -x, -z)
study He studies biology. consonant + y
➝ ies 4 Prepositions of time (1)
■ Spelling rules are the same as nouns. 䊳 Nouns p.28 in the morning / afternoon / evening.
■ Remember: have ➝ has, go ➝ goes /g@Uz/, It opens on Saturday (morning).
do ➝ does /dVz/. at six o’clock.
■ Use in for parts of the day, on for days, and at for

times.
■ Remember: at night.

1 Present simple: spelling Write the he / she / 3 Word order in questions Write the questions.
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it form. Remember Q A S I .
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1 worry worries 5 stop
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That’s my friend Marisa
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2 go 6 use
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from Colombia.
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3 say 7 have
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4 dance 8 be
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2 a Questions / Short answers Read and
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underline twelve verbs.
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1 Where / live? Where does she live?
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Thomas Okoli from I live with my family in She lives in Bogota.
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Nigeria Lagos, Nigeria. I don’t 2 What / do?
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work. I study computer
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She’s a travel agent.
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science. I want to be a
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3 What time / start work?
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computer programmer. In
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my free time, I meet my
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friends or watch TV. And I ○
She starts at 8.15 every morning.

do a lot of sport. I play
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4 What time / finish?

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football and I run every

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day. I don’t smoke and I

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don’t drink alcohol. She finishes at 7.30 in the evening.

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5 What languages / speak?

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b Complete. Use does, doesn’t, don’t, or is.

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She speaks Spanish and a little English.

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1 Does he live with his family? Yes, he .

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6 How old / be?

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2 he work? No, .
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She’s twenty-six, I think.

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3 he a student?
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4 can / can’t Write the sentences.

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4 he study mathematics?
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5 he want to be a programmer? 1 swim can’t we help Help! We can’t swim.

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2 I help can you sir ?

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3 food can cook Chinese we

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6 he do a lot in his free time?

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4 open window can please you the ?

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c Write about Thomas. Change from I to he.

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He lives with his family in Lagos, Nigeria. He … 5 have can coffee I a white please ?
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The time
5 What’s the time? Write the answers. 6 Complete the text.
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1
In India, the banks open
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1 2 3
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2
ten o’clock 3
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the morning. They close

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It’s a quarter past six.

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4
two p.m. five days a
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week and 5 midday

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4 5
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6
Saturdays. They don’t
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open 7 Sundays.
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1 Possessive pronouns 3 How long does it take? It takes …

How long does it take to fly from Paris to Lisbon?
(It takes) about three hours (by plane).
How long does it take (you) to get home?
(It takes me) about half an hour (by bus / car).
✦ Use It takes … (+ time) to talk about the duration of a
journey.
It’s my dog.
No, it’s mine. ✦ Remember: It takes … = general time
It takes me … = a specific journey
Subject Object Possessive Possessive
pronoun pronoun adjective pronoun
4 Prepositions of movement
We walked along the street past the cinema.
I me my mine Go up to the seventh floor.
you you your yours
✦ Use a verb of movement + preposition to describe
he him his his
movement.
she her her hers
it it its ✦ into and out of are always followed by a noun.
we us our ours Come in. Come into the living-room.
they them their theirs He went out last night. He went out of the house.
Whose are these keys? They’re her keys. They’re hers.
5 Past continuous
✦ Use possessive pronouns to talk about people’s
possessions.
( '
I I
✦ You can use a name + ’s with or without the noun.
He He
It’s Peter’s car.  It’s Peter’s. was wasn’t
She She
✦ Remember, don’t use the. It It
working. working.
This is mine.  This is the mine. You You
We were We weren’t
2 Present continuous (future) They They
( I’m meeting some friends tomorrow evening. / &

' They aren’t coming to the party on Saturday. Was he
working?
Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.
Were they Yes, they were. / No, they
/ What are you doing tonight? weren’t.
✦ Use the present continuous ( + a future time
What were you doing at six o’clock? I was watching TV.
expression) to talk about future arrangements.
It was raining, and we were driving home.
I’m going to the theatre on Friday.
✦ Form the past continuous with was / were + verb + -ing.
Friday ✦ Use the past continuous:
7.30 theatre 1 to describe an action in
progress at a specific time
in the past.
2 to describe the scene at the
✦ (be) + going to is also possible for future plans. beginning of a story.
I’m going to meet some friends tonight.
I was working as a waitress
✦ Remember, we also use the present continuous to talk when I met my boyfriend.
about things happening now / at the moment.
✦Use the past continuous for an action in progress. Use
the past simple for a short completed action.

1 Possessive pronouns Complete the gaps. 4 Prepositions of movement Complete with a
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
verb and a preposition.
Whose dog ‘It’s .’
1 It’s hers. drove flew ran across over round
is it?
sailed walked through up
➞
➞ 1 2
➞ ➞ 5
➞
2 3 4 4
‘It’s .’
5
2 Present continuous (future) Write sentences.

Use contractions.
1 Where (you go) tonight? 1 He ran up the hill.
Where are you going tonight? 2 They the forest.
2 (we fly) to Budapest this weekend 3 She the bridge.
4 They the lake.
3 (she arrive) tomorrow 5 I the world.
4 They (not leave) until 10.00 tonight

5 Past continuous
a Write sentences in the past continuous.
1 we have lunch R We were having lunch.
5 What (you do) after class?
2 I study S
3 it snow R
3 How long does it take? Write questions and 4 you work ?
answers. 5 he drive S
1 Paris – Dakar 8 days
b Write the verbs in the past or past
How long does it take to It takes eight continuous.
drive from Paris to Dakar? days. 1 I met my husband when I at
university. (meet, study)
2 London – New York 7 hours
2 When she it .
? (get up, rain)
3 Prague – Moscow 3 weeks 3 When they their friends
for them. (arrive, wait)
?
4 I dinner when
4 Berlin – Bonn 1 week
the phone . (have, ring)
?
1 Adjectives (3) 4 Possessive ’s

Adjective Noun
Singular It’s a car.
fast
Plural They’re cars.
She’s very tall. ■ Use ’s with people.

They’re quite good-looking.  He’s the boyfriend of my sister.
■ Use s’ with plurals.  It’s my parent’s house.
■ Adjectives don’t change.  They’re fasts cars. ■ Use of with things.  the film’s end
■ Adjectives go before nouns.  It’s a car fast.
5 some / any
2 Possessive adjectives (2) I’ve got three stamps.
I my I’ve got some stamps. (= we don’t know how many)
you your
he his
she her ■
+ some I’ve got some aspirins.
it its Rome is famous for its history. ■

– any I haven’t got any stamps.
we our We love our dogs.

■
? any Have you got any envelopes?
they their Their sister is beautiful. ■ some = not an exact number.

■ Use some / any + plural nouns.
■ Possessive adjectives don’t change.
Their daughters are tall.  Theirs daughters …
■ ■
Use any in – and ? . ■
■ your (s.) and your (pl.) are the same. 6 like / love / hate + (verb)-ing
3 have got Infinitive (verb)-ing Spelling
_
■
+ ■ cook I like cooking.
+ ing
study She hates studying.
I (etc.) ’ve I (etc.) haven’t
got a phone. got a phone. dance We love dancing. e + ing
He (etc.) ’s He (etc.) hasn’t
1 vowel + 1 consonant
swim They love swimming.
■
? ■
✓✗ ➝ double consonant
have.
you (etc.) ■ Use verb + -ing after like, love, and hate.
Have I (etc.) Yes, haven’t.
got a phone?
Has he (etc.) No, has.
he (etc.)
hasn’t.
7 The letter s in English
Contractions ’ve = have ’s = has 1 Verb be
He’s Italian.
haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not (he / she / it form)
2 Verb have got
He’s got two children.
Word order in questions (he / she / it form)
Verb have Subject got 3 Plural noun Their names are Carla and Niki.
Has she got a car? 4 Possessive ’s His wife’s name is Alessandra.
How many sisters have you got? 5 Present simple

He lives in Milan.
(he / she / it form)
■ Use have got for things / people.
■ Remember five grammatical uses for s in English.

1 Adjectives Write sentences. 4 Possessive ’s Write sentences.
○
○
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1 day (beautiful) It’s a beautiful day. 1 house (his friend) It’s his friend’s house.
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2 friends (old) They’re old friends. 2 husband (Julia)? Is he ?
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3 flat (modern) It . 3 girlfriend (my brother)
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4 restaurant (expensive) She’s .
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4 cats (your aunt)?
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5 shoes (dirty)
○
Are they ?
○
6 town (famous)
○
5 children (the president)
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○
2 Possessive adjectives Complete. They’re .
○
○
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1 She lives with her brother and sister.
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5 some / any Complete.
○
2 We live with children.
○
1 They’ve got some new books to read.
○
3 Do you live with family? ○
○
○
2 We haven’t got clean cups.

4 Do they live with parents?
○
3 I need new shoes.

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5 France is famous for cheese.

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4 They’ve got nice friends.

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3 a have got Write sentences. Use contractions. 5 Has Greg got brothers or sisters?
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6 She knows lovely places in Austria.

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1 he / video camera 쎵 He’s got a video camera.

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2 she / video 앥
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6 like / love / hate + (verb)-ing ✓or ✗ ?

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3 they / fax 앥
○
Correct the sentences.

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4 we / new computer 쎵
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○
○
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5 I / mountain bike 앥
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I love I like I don’t like I hate

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b Write questions with have got and a, an, or

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any. Write the answer.

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1 / he? ✓
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Has he got any cigarettes? Yes, he has.

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1 Lou likes shopping and driving.

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2 / you? ✘
○
✘ He hates shopping.
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2 He loves eating in restaurants.

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3 / she? ✓ 3 He doesn’t like going to the cinema.

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4 He doesn’t like swimming.

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4 / you? ✓
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5 He hates writing letters.

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6 He likes cycling.
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5 / he? ✘
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○

1 Comparative adjectives, as … as 4 some… / any… / nobody, etc.

San Francisco is cheaper than London.
New York is more / less dangerous than LA.
Restaurants are(n’t) as expensive as in London.
The service is much / a bit better.
✦ To compare people, places, and things, use:
1 a comparative adjective + than
2 (not) as + adjective + as
✦ Use much (+ comparative) for a big difference, a bit
(+ comparative) for a small difference.
There isn’t
Somebody’s in the Is anybody in the anybody in the
2 Comparative adverbs bathroom. bathroom? bathroom.
Adverb Comparative adverb
( / and ' ' and as subject
Regular quickly more / less quickly
Irregular fast faster People somebody anybody nobody
hard harder someone anyone no one
well better Things something anything nothing
badly worse
a lot more Places somewhere anywhere nowhere
a little less
✦ Use somebody / anything / nowhere when you don’t
Women drive more slowly than men. know exactly who / what / where.
Men drive faster than women.
✦ in + use some…
✦ To compare two actions use a comparative
adverb + than. ✦ in ? and * use any…

in * short answers, and as the subject, use no…,
3 First conditional etc.
will / won’t Who’s in the bathroom? Nobody.
Nobody’s in the bathroom.
( '
✦ Remember, (some)body and (some)one mean the
I I
You ’ll miss the train. You won’t catch it. same.
etc. etc. 5 Superlative adjectives
Adjective Comparative Superlative Spelling
/ &
tall taller the tallest
Will you tell him? Yes, I will. / No, I won’t. + est
happy happier the happiest
Contractions ’ll = will won’t = will not modern more modern the most modern
+ the most
✦ Use will / won’t + infinitive for all persons. expensive more expensive the most expensive
good better the best
If … + will / won’t bad worse the worst
irregular
If you don’t work, you won’t pass the exam.
She’ll miss the train if she doesn’t hurry. Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
French champagne is the most expensive.
✦ Make the first conditional with if + present simple
and will / won’t + infinitive. The if-phrase can ✦ Use superlative adjectives to say that someone or something
come first or second. is the biggest / tallest in a group.
✦ Use the first conditional to talk about a possible ✦ Use the + est or most to make superlative adjectives.
future situation.

1 Comparative adjectives Cross out the wrong 5 Superlative adjectives Complete the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
form. sentences.
1 Chicago is violenter / more violent than San 1
Francisco.
2 London isn’t as expensive as / than Paris.
3 The train is cheaper as / than the plane.
4 China is much / more bigger than Vietnam.
5 English is more easy / easier than Japanese.
6 It’s much / much more polluted here.
2 Comparative adverbs Write sentences.

1 my father / me (work hard)
My father works harder than me.
2 my mother / my father (drive careful) 2 3
3 I / my husband (speak French well)
4 women / men (live long)
5 you / me (eat quick)
3 First conditional Write the verbs in the

correct tense.
1 It’ll be quicker if we get a taxi. (be, get)
2 If she me I her. (phone, 4 5
tell)
3 He you if you him. (help,
ask)
4 If you now you late. (not
go, be)
5 We a picnic if the weather
good. (have, be)
4 some… / any… / no… Complete with the

right word.
anybody anything nobody nothing
something somewhere 1 The Americans drive the biggest cars in the
1  Did you do anything last night? world. (big)
 No, special. 2 The Scots make whisky.

(good)
2 She’d like to go nice this evening.
3 The Germans drink beer.
3 They didn’t meet they knew at (more)
the party.
4 The Italians wear
4 We didn’t know because told us. clothes. (stylish)
5 I want to tell you important. 5 The British drink coffee.
(bad)
1 Present simple: routines How often …?
She gets up at 7.30 every day. Then she has a shower.

We have dinner at 6.00. After that we watch TV.
■ Use the present simple for things you do every

day / week, etc.
■ Remember: After that we … / After dinner we …
 After we watch TV.
cook?
2 No article How often do you
go to the theatre?
have breakfast / lunch / dinner
go once day.
to work / school / bed
get twice week.
I at 7.00. (about) a
start three times month.
work / school I cook four times year.
finish I go to the theatre
go home evening.
every day.
week, etc.
■ Don’t use the with have (breakfast / lunch, etc.).
 I have the dinner.
■ Use once / twice.  one time / two times
■ Don’t use the with verbs + work / school / bed.
 I go to the bed.
■ Don’t use the or to with go home.
4 have or have got ?
 I go to the home. Things / People
■ Don’t use the when you speak about things in general. I have / don’t have a car.
I like music.  I like the music. I’ve got / haven’t got two children.
3 Expressions of frequency Activities

Adverbs breakfast
I have / don’t have at 6.00.
a shower
always 100%
usually ■ Use have or have got for things / people.
often (Do you have …? = Have you got …?)
I have breakfast.
sometimes
■ Use only have for activities.
hardly ever
 I’ve got a shower at 6.00.
never 0%
5 Prepositions of time (2)
Adverb Verb
in on at
I never go to the cinema.
What time do you usually finish work? the morning Monday (morning) six o’clock
the afternoon 1st May night
■ Adverbs of frequency go before the verb. the evening lunchtime
December Christmas
■ Adverbs of frequency go after be.
the summer the weekend
 He always is tired.
■ Use in for parts of the day, months, and seasons.
■ Use on for days and dates.
■ Use at for times of the day and festivals.

1 a Present simple: routines Write about 2 Articles Complete with the or nothing (–).
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Colin Willis.
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1 She usually leaves – home at eight.
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2 Gabriel likes cooking.
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‘I usually at and
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3 They work in centre of Barcelona.
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4 We usually have breakfast together.
○
and for breakfast. After breakfast, I
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5 They often go to bed early.
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and then I go to work . 6 In July, I go to beach every day.
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3 Expressions of frequency Write sentences.
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I get to work at . I work until
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1 often I forget names
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I often forget names.
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and then I . I start again at
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2 come to doesn’t class he usually
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He doesn’t usually come to class.
○
and finish at .I before I go 3 Sergei exercise any never does
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. I get home at about . 4 work day every does Tessa ?

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I at about . After dinner, I 5 once we play week golf a

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sometimes go out for a but I 6 birthdays always do you remember ?

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usually just stay at home and .

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4 have / have got Change from have to have got.

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○
Use contractions.
○
I before . My life isn’t

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1 We don’t have
○
a mountain bike.
○
We haven’t got
○
very exciting.’
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2 He has a microwave.
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○
He usually gets up at seven and has coffee and a

○
○
piece of toast for breakfast. After ... 3 Do they have Yes, they do.
○
a car?
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Yes, they .
b Look at Colin’s answers. Write the questions.
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○
Remember Q A S I ! 4 He doesn’t have any problems.

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1 What / for breakfast? What do you have for

○
○
breakfast? Coffee and toast. 5 I have some American friends.

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2 When / shower?
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After breakfast.
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5 Prepositions of time Write in, on, at, or

○
3 How / to work?
○
nothing (–).
○
By bus.
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1 in the morning 7 the weekend

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4 What time / lunch?

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2 Tuesday 8 Tuesday night

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At one o’clock.
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3 6.30 9 dinner-time
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5 What / after work?

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4 March 10 midnight
○
I go shopping.
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5 tonight 11 this evening

6 What time / home?
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6 next lesson 12 tomorrow night

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About six forty-five.

○

3 so / because
Reason Result
It was raining. I took my umbrella.
It was raining so I took my umbrella.
I took my umbrella because it was raining.
I was tired. So I went to bed.
I’ve been up here for 431 days … ✦ Use so and because to connect reason with result.
✦ because answers the question Why …?
1 Present perfect + for / since
How long have you lived in this flat? 4 had to / didn’t have to
I’ve lived here for fifteen years.
I’ve lived here since I was eighteen.
( and '
✦ Use the present perfect to talk about actions which I
started in the past and are still true now. You
I’ve known him for ten years. He had to get up early yesterday.
I know him for ten years. She didn’t have to leave the city.
It
✦ To answer the question How long …? use: We
for + a period of time: for three years They
since + a fixed point of time: since 1992 /April
✦ Remember the difference between the present perfect
/
and the past simple. Did you have to get up early?
I’ve been a teacher for three years. = I’m a teacher now.
I was a teacher for three years. = I’m not a teacher now. &
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
2 Verb + to + infinitive
I want to go to bed early. ✦ Use had to + infinitive to talk about past obligations.
Would you like to go out tonight?
He’s hoping to buy a new car. 5 Questions with / without auxiliaries
They decided to go to France. What novel did Boris Pasternak write in 1957?
Pasternak = subject
Who wrote Dr Zhivago?
Who (question word) = subject
… but I’d really like to get down. ✦ Remember the normal order for questions (QASI). In
these questions, the question word is not the subject.
✦ Use to + infinitive after these verbs:
want need would like hope ■
Q uestion ■A uxiliary ■S ubject ■I nfinitive
try decide plan What novel did Pasternak write?
I’d like to be a doctor. ✦ If a question word (Who, etc.) is the subject of the
I like going to the cinema. verb, don’t use do / does / did.
✦ Remember the difference: Who painted Guernica?
Who did paint Guernica?
Use would like + to + infinitive to talk about what you
want to do now or in the future.
Use like + verb + -ing to talk generally about what you
like / don’t like.

1 a Present perfect + for / since Write for or 2 a Verbs + to + infinitive Complete with the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
since. correct verb.
1 for two years be change have study go out
2 I was a child
1 He’s decided to change his job.
3 September
2 I’m tired. I don’t want today.
4 half an hour
3 We’re planning a party next weekend.
5 1996
4 To pass the exam, you need harder.
6 a long time
5 Would you like a teacher?
b Write sentences for pictures 1 to 5 with for
and since. Use contractions. b Write the verb in the correct form.
1 20 years 2 1990
1 He likes cooking. (cook)
2 Would you like rich? (be)
3 I’d like abroad. (work)
4 Do you like ? (swim)
5 I don’t like in the city. (drive)
be / on the island
3 so / because Complete with the right word.
3 10 years
1 You missed the beginning of the film because
you were late.
2 She was ill she didn’t go to work.
3 We had champagne it was my birthday.
4 They needed to relax they went on
work / here live / in their house holiday.
5 He bought a book he wanted to
4 November 5 54 years
learn Arabic.
4 had to / didn’t have to Complete with the

right form.
1 Did you have to wear a uniform at school?
have / her motorbike be / married
(you)
2 A bus came after five minutes so
1 He’s been on the island for 20 years. wait long. (we)
2 They 3 work late yesterday. We were very
3 He busy. (I)
4 She 4 get up early yesterday? (he)
5 They 5 pay for their flight. Their company
paid. (they)
c Write How long …? questions for pictures 1
to 5. 5 Questions with / without auxiliaries Cross
1 How long has he been on the island? out the wrong form.
2 1 What happened / did happen?
2 Who lives / does live in that flat?
3
3 What means this word / does this word mean?
4 4 What film saw you / did you see?
5 5 Who went / did go to the party?

1 Object pronouns 3 Verb be : past simple

I me Listen to me. ■
+
you you I love you. I / He / She / It was
at home last night.
he him She hates him. We / You / They were
she her This is Jane. I work with her. ■
–
it it Do you like it? I (etc.) wasn’t
at work yesterday.
we us Please give us more money. We (etc.) weren’t
you you See you tomorrow! ■
?
they them What do you think of them? Was I (etc.)
in class yesterday?
Were you (etc.)
■ There are eight object pronouns: me, you, etc.
■ Put the object pronoun after the verb / verb + ■
✓✗
preposition. I hate you.  I you hate. I (etc.) was. I (etc.) wasn’t
Yes, No,
2 There is / are + a / an / some / any you (etc.) were. you (etc.) weren’t.
Contractions wasn’t = was not weren’t = were not
■ There are only two forms: was and were.

■ Present to past: am / is ➝ was, are ➝ were.
He is at home today. ➝ He was at home last night.

Verb Subject
Singular Was he ● in bed last night?
Where were you yesterday?
■
+ There’s a lamp
●
■
– There isn’t an ashtray on the table.
■ Put the verb before the subject in questions.
■? Is there a vase
4 There was / were
■
✓✗ Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
Singular
Plural ■
+ There was a lamp
■
+ There are some photos ■
– There wasn’t an ashtray on the table.
■
– There aren’t any books on the table. ■? Was there a vase
■? Are there any bananas ■

✓✗ Yes, there was. / No, there wasn’t.
■
✓✗ Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.
Plural
Use a / an + a singular noun.
■
■
+ There were some photos
■ Use some + plural nouns in + . ■ ■
– There weren’t any books on the table.
■ Use any + plural nouns in ? and■ ■
–.
■? Were there any bananas
■
✓✗ Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t.
■ Present to past: There is / are ➝ There was / were.

1 Pronouns Complete with object pronouns. 3 a Verb be: past simple Where were they
○
○
yesterday? Write sentences.
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1 Bye! See you on Monday.
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2 ‘Why do you drink black tea?’ 1 2
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‘Because I like !’
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3 ‘What do you think of politicians?’
○
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‘I hate .’
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4 ‘We’ve got a problem. Can you help ?’ 3 4
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‘Sorry, I’m busy now. Can you come and see
○
○
this afternoon?’
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5 ‘Does Peter love Maria?’
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‘Yes. He wants to marry but she
○
5
○
doesn’t love .’ ○
○
1 He was at work. 4 home.

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2 a There is / are + a / some / any Complete. 2 bed. 5 garden.

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3 park.
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b Complete with was / wasn’t or were / weren’t.

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1 ‘Was it your birthday last week?’

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‘Yes, it .’
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2 ‘ you at home last Wednesday?’

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‘No, I .’
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3 ‘Where your brother last month?’

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‘He in Lisbon.’
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4 ‘ your parents at the party?’

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○
‘No, they .’
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5 ‘Where you this morning?’

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‘I at the dentist’s.’
○
○
○
Singular Plural
○
4 There was / were Complete with the right

○
○
쎵 There’s a TV. There are some CDs. form, 쎵 , 앥 , or ? .

○
○
There isn’t a chair. chairs. 1 I’m sorry we’re late. There was a lot of traffic.
○
앥
○
○
? sofa? Are there any sofas? 2 ‘ a football match on TV last

○
○
night?’ ‘No, .’
○
○
b Write sentences. 3 ‘ a lot of guests at the

○
○
1 / shelves behind / desk 쎵

○
wedding?’ ‘Yes, about three

○
There are some shelves behind the desk. hundred people.’

○
○
2 / radios in / window
○
앥 4 ‘ a photo of you in the paper

○
yesterday!’
○
○
3 / plants on / shelves 5 three letters for you this

○
쎵
○
○
morning but any postcards.

○
4 / people in / window ?
○
6 many students in class last

○
○
Friday. Only two!

○

1 The gerund (verb + -ing) 3 Quantities

I don’t mind washing-up but I hate ironing. I’ve got a lot of books, but I haven’t got many CDs, and
I’m afraid of flying. I’ve only got a few tapes.
Smoking is bad for your health. They drank a lot of wine, not much beer, and very little
lemonade.
✦ Use the gerund:
1 after verbs of feeling: How much coke did they drink? How many crisps did
like, love, hate, enjoy, mind, prefer they eat?
I love shopping. Were there many people? Was there much noise?
2 after prepositions There was a lot of noise. There were lots of children.
I’m good at cooking. ✦ For large
3 as the subject of a sentence quantities ( a lot / lots of a lot / lots of
Swimming is the best form of exercise. ' (not) many (not) much
✦ Remember: / How many …? How much …?

I like travelling. I’d like to go to Australia.
For small a few / very few a little /
quantities very little
2 Describing people (look / look like)
✦ A lot of food words are U but the containers are C.
How much coke did they drink?

How many cans of coke …?
4 too, too much / many, (not) enough

I don’t want to go out. I’m too tired.
I’m stressed. I’ve got too much work.
There are too many chairs in this room.
✦ To say there’s more than you need, use:
Ah, he looks like his father. too + adjective
too much + U nouns
He looks friendly. too many + C nouns
She looks like her sister.
✦ too, too much / many have a negative meaning.
✦ Use look + adjective. Use look like + noun. My house is very big. (It’s got five bedrooms.)
My house is too big. (I’d like a smaller one.)
✦ Use look / look like to describe the impression a
person gives you. Have you got enough money?
The table isn’t big enough for six people.
✦ Remember the difference.
There isn’t enough food for everybody.
What does he look like? He’s tall, with blue eyes.
= appearance ✦ enough = all that you need
What’s he like? He’s quite shy but he’s very nice. ✦ Use enough after an adjective but before a noun.
= personality / appearance
5 one / ones
Which bag do you prefer, the blue one or the red one?
Which shoes are you going to buy? The cheap ones?
✦ Use adjective + one / ones in place of adjective + noun.
the blue car = the blue one The blue.

1 a Gerund and Infinitive Write the gerund. 3 Quantifiers Write questions and answers.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 be being (How) much / many a lot a little a few
2 hope
3 fly 1 How many potatoes are there?
4 listen A lot.
5 run
6 work
2 ?
7 study
8 write
b Put the verbs into the correct form.

3 ?
1 I hate cycling (cycle) to work every day.
I want to buy (buy) a motorbike.
2 My son’s very good at
(ski). He’d like (be) a 4 ?
ski instructor.
3 I know you don’t like
(do) your homework, but you have 5 ?
(do) it if you want
(pass) your exams.
4 (find) a good job is
really hard. You need 4 too, too much / many, (not) enough Correct
the mistake in each sentence.
(have) a lot of luck.
1 People drive too much fast.
5 We enjoy (travel) to
2 This room isn’t enough big.
different places. Next summer we’ve decided
3 There were too much people.
(go) to Iceland.
4 Hong Kong’s too much crowded.
2 look / look like Complete with a form of 5 There isn’t time enough.
look / look like. 6 There’s too many traffic.
1 She looks like her sister.
2 They’re very fair – they
5 one / ones Complete with an adjective +
one / ones.
Swedish.
3 He doesn’t very brown cheaper German old short
intelligent.
1 This is too expensive. I’d like a cheaper one.
4 People say I Barbara
Streisand. 2 I don’t like the black shoes. I prefer the
5 André about 40, but .
he’s only 25. 3 Do you prefer the modern flat or the
6 He’s very tall – he a ?
basketball player. 4 Which one’s your brother, the tall one or the
?
5 Don’t buy the English sausages! Get the
.
1 Present to past
Present simple Past simple
■
+ I / You / We / They work
worked
He / She / It works
I (etc.)
■
– I (etc.) don’t work for IBM. didn’t work for IBM.
He (etc.) doesn’t
■
? Do you (etc.) work Did you (etc.) work
What time does the film finish? What time did the film finish?
■ The past simple is the same for all personal pronouns (I / he, etc.). ■ Use did in ■? and didn’t in ■
–.
2 Past simple ■
– Regular and irregular verbs
■
+ Regular verbs I (etc.) didn’t
see a film
arrive
yesterday.
Present Past Spelling
watch watched
■
? ■
✓✗
+ ed see a film Yes, did.
play played Did I (etc.) yesterday? I (etc.)
arrive No, didn’t.
live lived
+d Contraction didn’t = did not
I smoke I smoked
1 vowel + 1 consonant Use didn’t + infinitive in negatives.
stop stopped ■
➝ double consonant  I didn’t saw a film.
study studied consonant + y ➝ ied ■ Use did + infinitive in questions.
 Did you saw …?
Pronunciation
voiced (e.g. play) /d/ played lived studied
unvoiced (e.g. watch) /t/ watched kissed stopped
■
Q uestion ■
A uxiliary ■
S ubject ■
I nfinitive
Did you go out last night?
ending /t/ and /d/
/Id/ wanted needed painted Who did they go with?
(e.g. want / need)
What did Pam do?
■
+ Irregular verbs ■ ■■■
Remember: word order = A S I and Q A S I ■■■■
Present Past 䊳 Present simple GRAMMAR FILE 3
I go I went 3 Past time expressions

I have I had
I meet I met yesterday (afternoon).
I see I saw this morning, etc.
He went to the USA last night / week / month / year.
■ Verbs are only irregular in ■
+. in 1989.
two years ago.
■ Don’t use the.  the last year

■ Time expressions can go at the beginning or end of
a sentence.

1 Present to past Complete. 4 How there? By plane.
○
○
○
Present Past 5 How long ? Four days.
○
○
쎵 a We live in Jakarta. We lived in Jakarta. 6 Where ? In a five-star
○
hotel.
○
b He lives in a flat. He in a flat.
○
○
7 any photos? Yes, I took a
○
앥 c They don’t need it. They need it. lot of photos.
○
○
○
d She doesn’t speak She speak 8 a good time? Yes, I had a
○
French. French. great time!
○
○
○
? e you have you have
○
5 Regular and irregular verbs Complete with
○
lunch? lunch?
○
the verbs in the past.
○
f What she do? What she do?
○
(not) be cannot drive see get
○
○
(not) have play read stay watch look
Study tip
○
○
○
............................................................. 1 We stayed at home last night but we didn’t
○
○
☛ Compare tenses Study the chart. Which has
television. We some
○
more forms? Present simple / Past simple.

○
............................................................. computer games.

○
○
2 I saw all The Godfather films and I

○
○
2 Regular verbs: spelling Write the verbs in the the book.

○
○
past tense. 3 We 30 km to a famous restaurant but

○
○
we a very good meal.

○
call called close love

○
○
4 She for her keys but she find

stop try wash
○
them.
○
○
work worry
5 He a taxi. Luckily it very
○
○
expensive.
○
3 Irregular verbs Complete.

○
○
○
Infinitive Past tense Negative 6 Past time expressions Match the sentence
○
halves.
○
1 can could couldn’t

○
c
○
1 They worked in Sicily for

2 get didn’t get
○
○
2 She was born thirty years

○
3 went didn’t
○
3 We travelled to China in
○
4 didn’t have
○
4 They got a new car

○
5 leave didn’t
○
○
5 Leonardo da Vinci was born on

○
6 didn’t meet
○
6 I didn’t do very much last

○
7 read didn’t
○
7 You spoke to her at

○
8 didn’t say
○
○
9 see didn’t a 1994.

○
○
b April 15th, 1452.

○
10 take didn’t
○
c fifteen years.
○
d night.
○
○
4 Questions Complete the questions. e yesterday.

○
○
Remember Q A S I ! f half past eleven.

○
g ago.
○
1 Where did you go? Bali.

○
○
2 Who with? I went alone.

○
○
○
3 Why there? On business.

○
○
○

1 Present perfect + yet / already 4 should / shouldn’t (advice / opinion)

Have you had breakfast yet? I can’t sleep at night. What should I do?
No, I haven’t had it yet. You should see a doctor.
Yes, I’ve already had it. You shouldn’t drink coffee.
✦ Use yet in * sentences and ?. I don’t think people under 18 should drive cars.
Use already in + sentences. ✦ should / shouldn’t + infinitive is the same for all
✦ Put yet at the end of the sentence. persons.
Put already before the main verb. ✦ Use should / shouldn’t + infinitive to give advice /
✦ Use yet to ask if someone has done something or to your opinion.
say that someone hasn’t done something.
Use already to emphasize that someone has done 5 Phrasal verbs
something. Turn on the light. It’s dark in here. Turn it on.
It’s hot. Can I take off my jacket? Can I take it off?
2 Present perfect + just
✦ A phrasal verb = verb + particle (preposition or
adverb) with a new meaning.
Turn up the TV. = make the TV louder
✦ With most phrasal verbs, if the object is a noun, you
can put the object between the verb and the particle.
Put on your coat. Put your coat on.
✦ When the object is a pronoun it always goes between
the verb and the particle.
Put it on. Put on it.
She’s looking after my cat. She’s looking after it.
I’ve just arrived. Can you pick me up? I’m looking for my keys. I’m looking for them.
✦ Remember, with some phrasal verbs the object always
✦ Use just + present perfect in + sentences to say that goes after the particle, e.g. look after, / look for.
something happened very recently.
✦ Put just before the main verb.
3 Why …? To + infinitive / For + noun

I went to Ireland.
Why did you go there?
I went there to see some friends.

I went there for a holiday.
✦ Use to + verb (infinitive) or for + noun to answer the

question Why …?
✦ Compare Because + subject + verb.
Why did he go to the bank?
(Because he wanted) to get some money.
✦ Don’t use for with to + infinitive.
I came here to learn English.
… for to learn …

1 Present perfect + yet / already Write 4 should / shouldn’t (advice / opinion) Give
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sentences with already or yet. advice for pictures 1 to 5 using should /
1 she / post the letters shouldn’t and an expression from the list.
She’s already posted the letters. go to bed late tell the police
2 Jim / arrive? look for another one
send her some flowers smoke
3 I / do my homework
I hate my job. I’ve lost my passport.
4 the film / not start 1 2

I’ve got an exam
5 my parents / go to work tomorrow.
6 you / have lunch?
7 Michelle / leave
3
2 Present perfect + just Complete with just + 4 5

present perfect. It’s my girlfriend’s
birthday on Saturday. I want to be healthy.
1 Would you like some coffee? No thanks,
I’ve just had some. (have)
1 You should look for another one.
2 Congratulations! We
the good news. (hear) 2
3 Have you done your homework yet? 3
Yes, I it. (finish) 4
4 I’m going to the hospital to see my sister. 5
She an operation.
(have) 5 a Phrasal verbs Complete with the words.
5 I Robert. He doesn’t after away back out up down
look very well. (see)
1 Take that cassette back to the shop – it’s broken.
6 You’re too late for the last bus.
2 Look these words in a dictionary.
It . (go)
3 I’m going out. Look your little brother.
3 Why ...? to + infinitive, for + noun Complete 4 He took his wallet to pay for the meal.
with to or for. 5 Turn the radio . It’s too loud.
1 We went to their house for a drink. 6 Throw that rubbish .
2 We’re going to Australia see my
brother. b Rewrite sentences 1 to 6 with a pronoun
3 I’m learning English my work. (it / him / them).
4 I went to the travel agent’s book my 1 Take it back to the shop.

ticket. 2
5 She bought a new dress wear at the 3
wedding. 4
6 They’re going to Tunisia a holiday. 5
6
1 Present continuous 3 Future plans: (be) going to …

■
+ ■
+
I ’m I ’m
You / We / They ’re studying. You (etc.) ’re going to buy a car.
He / She / It ’s He (etc.) ’s
■
– ■
–
I ’m not I ’m not
You / We / They aren’t studying. You (etc.) aren’t going to buy a car.
He / She / It isn’t He (etc.) isn’t
■
? ■
?
Am I Am I
Are you / we / they studying? Are you (etc.) going to buy a car?
Is he / she / it Is he (etc.)
■
✓✗ ■
✓✗
I am. I’m not. I am. I’m not.
Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.
she is. she isn’t. we are. we aren’t.
■ Spelling of -ing form.

What are you going to do next weekend?
䊳 like / love / hate + (verb)-ing GRAMMAR FILE 4
I’m going to (go to) Bucharest next year.
■ Use (be) going to + infinitive for future plans.
Verb be Subject -ing form ■ With the verb go you don’t need to say go twice.
Is he ● cleaning the house?
4 Future time expressions
What are they ● doing?
today / tonight.
■ Put the verb be before the subject in questions. this morning / afternoon /
evening.
We’re going to get married
2 Simple or continuous? tomorrow (morning, etc.).
next week / month /
Present simple Present continuous summer / year.
My sister works in a bank. Today she’s working at ■ Time expressions can go at the beginning or end of a
home. sentence .
䊳 Past time expressions GRAMMAR FILE 7
I always have breakfast at 7.00. It’s 7.00 now. I’m having
breakfast.
5 it
■ Use the present simple for things you do every
day / week / year, etc. What time is it? It’s 11.30. It’s late.
It’s 12th January. It’s Friday. It’s my birthday.
■ Use the present continuous for things you are doing It’s hot today. It rained yesterday.
now.
■ Use it for times, dates, and weather.

1 Present continuous What are they doing? Complete the sentences

and questions. Use the verbs.
check in fly (x 2) talk (x 3) cry (x 2) cut
1 2 3
1 4 7
He’s checking in at the airport. on the phone. .
Where 2 to? Who 5 to? Why 8 ?
3 6 9
to Hawaii. to her bank Because
manager. onions.
2 Present simple or present continuous? 4 Future time expressions Match the sentence
○
○
Choose the correct tense. halves.

○
○
1 a Do you read 1 Are you going to study at d

○
this exercise now?

○
b Are you reading

○
2 He’s going to South America next

○
2 a They don’t watch

○
TV very often. 3 Are we going to the cinema

○
b They aren’t watching

○
4 She isn’t going to meet us tomorrow

○
3 a I don’t look
○
for a new job. 5 They aren’t going to work in

○
b I’m not looking

○
○
4 a What do you wear a the summer.

○
at work?
b What are you wearing
○
b evening.
○
○
c month.
○
3 a (be) going to … Complete the sentences. d the weekend?

○
○
1 I’m going to run a marathon tomorrow. 쎵 e tonight?

○
○
○
2 We get a microwave. 앥
○
5 it Complete with it + verb be (past or present).

○
3 you retire soon? ?

○
○
4 They come next summer. 앥 1  Is it raining?

○
○
5 he help you? ?  No, .

○
○
2  very hot last weekend.

○
6 She do her homework

○
tonight. 쎵
○
 Yes, but going to be cold next week.

○
○
b Write the questions. Use contractions. 3  What’s the time?

○
○
 a quarter to seven.
○
1 they going when married to are get ?

○
When are they going to get married?  Oh, no! very late. Let’s go.
○
○
2 is to what she the going wear wedding to ?

○
○
○
○
3 what you going give to are them ?

○
○
○
○
4 where to they going that go are after ?

○
○
○
○

1 Echo questions I’ve worked here for twenty-five years and

Hana smokes. Does she? I’ve never been ill in my life.
I didn’t enjoy it. Didn’t you?
I’ll help you. Will you? No, he hasn’t. And neither have I.
Haven’t you?
✦ Make echo questions with the auxiliary verb + the subject pronoun.
✦ Use echo questions to show interest and surprise.
2 So / Neither do I., I do / don’t., etc. 4 The passive

Agree Disagree ( ' /
I love football. So do I. I don’t. Present Rice is grown It isn’t grown Is it grown
I played yesterday. So did I. I didn’t. in China. in Germany. in France?
I don’t like tennis. Neither do I. I do. Cars are made They aren’t Are they made
I’m not a good player. Neither am I. I am. in Brazil. made in Monaco. in Korea?
✦ To agree: Past Paper was It wasn’t When was it
Use So + auxiliary + subject pronoun to agree with a invented by the invented by the invented?
+ sentence. Chinese. Greeks.
Use Neither + auxiliary + subject pronoun to agree
with a * sentence. The pyramids They weren’t Were they
were built by built by the built by the
✦ To disagree: the Egyptians. English. Pharaohs?
Use subject + * auxiliary to disagree with a +
sentence. ✦ Make the present passive with am / is / are + past
Use subject + + auxiliary to disagree with a * participle.
sentence.
✦ Make the past passive with was / were + past
participle.
3 Uses of will
✦ Use the preposition by to say who did the action.
1 Offers of help Shall I carry your bags?
✦ Use the passive when we aren’t interested in who does
I’ll open the door for you.
the action.
2 Promises We won’t be late. ✦ The passive is quite formal. We use it more in writing
I’ll always love you. than speaking.
3 Unplanned decisions I’ll have the steak, please.
I’ll do it now.
5 must / mustn’t + infinitive
4 Predictions I think Liverpool will win.
I don’t think I’ll enjoy it. ( You must go to bed.
✦ Remember the four uses of will / won’t + infinitive. ' She mustn’t go to work.
✦ Use Shall I / we …? for offers.

/ How many tablets must I take?
Shall I open the window? Will I … ✦ must / mustn’t + infinitive is the same for all persons.
✦ Remember: ✦ Use must / mustn’t for strong advice and obligation.
can ➝ will / won’t be able I will can
there is / are ➝ there will be (there’ll be)

1 Echo questions Write echo questions. 4 Uses of will
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 My brother’s a pilot. Is he? A
2 They’ve got a lot of money.
3 I don’t like horror films.
4 He lives with his parents.
5 I can’t use a computer.
6 I wouldn’t like to be famous.
7 They got married last week.
8 I’ll help you. B C
2 So / Neither (do) I., I do / don’t.

Complete B’s sentences.
1  I like coffee.
 So do I, especially cappuccino.
2  I went out last night.
 I didn’t. I stayed at home.
D E
3  I haven’t got a car.
 have I. We’ll have to walk.
4  I’d like a drink.
 So I. I’m very thirsty.
5  I can’t ski.
 I . I’m quite good.
6  I don’t like Sally.
a Match the sentences 1 to 5 and pictures A to E.
 I. I think 1 I’ll get you an aspirin. E
she’s awful.
2 I think Newcastle’ll win today.
7  I’m tired.
3 They’re perfect. I’ll take them.
 I. Really tired.
4 I won’t forget you. I’ll write!
8  I like Indian food.
5 Shall I turn the music down?
 I . I think it’s too hot.
b Match sentences 1 to 5 to their use.
3 The passive Write the verbs in the passive
(present or past). a promise an offer of help 1 and
1 The Coliseum was built by the Romans. an unplanned decision a prediction
(build)
2 English is spoken all over the world. (speak) 5 must / mustn’t + infinitive Complete.
3 Cocoa to make 1 You must see the film. It’s wonderful!
chocolate. (use)
2 You drink and drive.
4 When computers ?
(invent) 3 You tell anybody. It’s a secret.
5 Datsun cars in Japan. 4 You be here at 6.00. It’s very
(make) important.
6 I to their party last 5 You hitchhike alone. It’s very
week. (not invite) dangerous.
6 You come and visit me soon.
1 Comparative adjectives + than 4 Countable / uncountable nouns

Adjective Comparative Spelling
1 old older
1 syllable + er
cheap cheaper
2 big bigger 1 vowel + 1 consonant ■ There are two kinds of noun in English:
hot hotter ➝ double consonant countable (C) and uncountable (U).
■ C = things you can count, U = things you can’t count.
3 happy happier
consonant + y ➝ ier  a rice / two butters
easy easier
4 famous more famous 2 or more syllables ➝ a / an / some / any

expensive less expensive more / less + adjective
■
+ I’d like
5 good better
irregular an onion. (C)
bad worse ■
– I don’t want
a tomato. (C)
I’m taller than my brother. ■

? Do you need
My English is better than my Spanish.
■
+ I’d like
some
coffee. (U)
We need potatoes. (C)
■ Use comparative adjectives + than to compare things.
■
– We don’t need
any
butter.
2 Predictions: (be) going to … We haven’t got bananas.
rice?
■
? Have you got any
oranges?
■ Use a / an + C singular nouns.

■ Use some + C plural nouns and U nouns in + . ■
■ Use (be) + going to + infinitive for predictions ■ Use any + C plural nouns and U nouns in ? and■ ■
–.
(= we can see what’s going to happen in the future). ■ Remember: use some in questions to offer or ask
■ Form of (be) going to … for things.
䊳 Future plans GRAMMAR FILE 8 Would you like some coffee?
Can I have some water, please?
3 Adverbs of manner
How much …? / How many …?
Adjective Adverb Spelling
coffee
bad badly How much
+ ly money
careful carefully do you want?
potatoes
easy easily How many
consonant + y ➝ ily cups of coffee
angry angrily
good well ■ Use How much …? + U nouns.

irregular
fast fast ■ Use How many …? + C plural nouns.
He eats quickly.
a lot of
I speak French well. I eat a lot of bananas.
She drinks a lot of coffee.
■ Adverbs describe verbs.
■ Adverbs usually go after the verb / verb + noun ■ Use a lot of with C and U nouns.
 I speak well French.

1 a Comparative adjectives Write the 3 Adverbs of manner Change the sentence.
○
○
comparatives in the right group. Use the same adjective to make the adverb.
○
○
1 It was a really bad game.
○
bad difficult easy sad good hungry
○
important near small thin Both teams played really badly.
○
○
2 He’s happy. He’s smiling .
○
○
+ -er double -ier 3 They were quick workers.
○
consonant
○
○
They worked .
○
smaller sadder
○
4 Their English is very good.
○
○
They speak English very .
○
○
more / less irregular
○
○
4 Countable / Uncountable nouns Write C or U.
○
○
1 cup C 4 hand 7 salt
○
○
2 petrol 5 hat 8 toothbrush
○
○
○
3 rain 6 man 9 money
b Write sentences. ○
○
○
1 Diamonds are more valuable than gold.

5 a / an / some / any Complete.
○
(valuable)
○
○
1 We bought some nice fruit yesterday.

2 My father’s than me. (fat)
○
○
2 I haven’t got very good car.

○
3 London’s than New York. (old)

○
3 There aren’t shops in our street.

○
4 Milk’s than water. (expensive)

○
4 Are there tissues in that box?

○
5 Water’s than ice. (heavy)

○
○
5 I’d like apple, please.

6 Arthur’s than her. (young)
○
○
6 There was cheese in the fridge but

○
○
2 Predictions: (be) going to … What’s going to there weren’t eggs.

○
○
happen? Complete with the verbs. 7 Would you like more coffee?
○
○
be have rob see win

○
○
6 How much …? / How many …? Complete the

○
○
questions. Use the right tense.

○
○
1 He bought some fruit juice.

○
How much did he buy?

○
○
○
2 She took a lot of photos.

○
○
1 He’s going to rob the bank. How take?

○
○
3 I don’t drink a lot of coffee.

○
○
How drink?
○
○
○
4 They spent a lot of money.

○
○
How spend?
○
2 We’ 3 She’
○
5 I’d like some oranges.

○
○
a film. the race.

○
How like?
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
○
4 They’ 5 Oh, no! I’

○
○
○
an accident. late.
○

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Verfügbare Formate

Grammar file 1 English File 1

1 Verb be : present simple ■

I ’m not 2 Adjectives (1)

you 4 Possessive adjectives (1)

it she her Her name’s Suzanna.

■ Use his for a man and her for a woman.

■ Use CAPITAL letters for pronoun I, nationalities, countries,

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1 Verb be: contractions Complete the sentences.

1 I am I’m fine. I’m not tired

Use contractions. his, or her.

2 teacher is your who ? 2 I’m from Milan and name’s Luigi.

3 What’s name? Where are you from?

3 York you are from New ?

4 She isn’t here but bag’s on the desk.

4 today how you are ?

6 Grammar words Match the word and example.

1 adjective d a What’s her name?

5 this his is file ?

6 they are from where ?

e I’m not British.

1 Ask your teacher. Don’t ask your teacher.

2 Listen to the cassette.

3 Don’t look at your

4 Answer the question.

5 Don’t write the words.

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✦ Use What + (be) + noun + like? to ask for a description.

I was born now

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3 the hotel what like was? 3 I (be) to Istanbul R

4 were like beaches the what?

a It’s an interesting country.

2 it (weather) What’s the weather like? Write

3 a Present perfect Complete the chart.

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1 Articles 4 this / that / these / those

■ Use a / an + a singular noun.

the (definite article)

5 Present simple: I / you / we / they

■ Say /Di;/ for the + vowels.

■ Use How many ...? + plural nouns.

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1 a Articles Complete with a or an. 4 this / that / these / those Complete.

2 Please look at the board.

3 They speak little Japanese.

4 What does he do? He’s actor.

1 I work. I don’t work.

5 Have nice day!

6 A is first letter of English alphabet.

7 What’s this in English? It’s apple.

4 They play tennis. They .

8 Where’s stress? Apple.

2 Nouns Write the plural. 6 You understand. You .

6 Questions / Short answers Complete with

do / don’t or verb be.

1 Do you study French? No, I don’t.

3 a computer 2 Are you married? No, we aren’t.

3 they work here? Yes, they .

4 your friends like Chinese food? No,

7 a tree 5 she South American? No, she .

7 that your bag? No, it .

8 you want to learn English? Yes, I .