Learning Activity 7

Silencer genes halt the transcription of DNA

The correct answer is 'True'.

This type of RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing tRNA.

The correct answer is: RNA pol III

How many polynucleotide chains are found in DNA?

The correct answer is: 2

The 5' end of the DNA strand is a hydroxyl.

The correct answer is 'False'.

Internal control regions may be these boxes, except

The correct answer is: E

Which is the most specialized eukaryotic polymerase?

The correct answer is: RNA pol I

How many nucleotides are there in a codon?

The correct answer is: 3

Bacterial protein transcription utilizes what kind of subunits

The correct answer is: Sigma

What is the sequence of the TATA box?

The correct answer is: TATAAA

Short Quiz 7
These are viruses that infect bacteria.
The correct answer is: Bacteriophages
Bacterial protein transcription utilizes what kind of subunits
The correct answer is: Sigma

Internal control regions may be these boxes, except:

The correct answer is: E

These are complexes made of both RNA and protein.

The correct answer is: Ribosomes

The control element and the upstream contol element are rich in guanine
and adenine.
The correct answer is: False

In the 60s ribosomal unit, how many rRNA molecules are there?
The correct answer is: 3

What is the sequence of the TATA box?

The correct answer is: TATAAA

What is the technique used to create changes in genes?

The correct answer is: Mutagenesis

This type of RNA polymerase is responsible for transcribing tRNA.

The correct answer is: RNA pol III

Eukaryotic genes contain exons and intons.

The correct answer is: True

This binds the core element.

The correct answer is: SL1

These are circular DNA molecules.

The correct answer is: Plasmids
Silencer genes halt the transcription of DNA.
The correct answer is: True

Restriction enzymes occur naturally in bacteria.

The correct answer is: True

Which is the most specialized eukaryotic polymerase?

The correct answer is: RNA pol I

Learning Activity 8
These are sources of nitrogen, except:
The correct answer is: Salad

The energy acquired from food is converted to ATP.

The correct answer is: False

These are all examples of complete protein, except:

The correct answer is: Milk

Vitamin C is also known as:

The correct answer is: Ascorbic acid

These are all classes of essential nutrients, except:

The correct answer is: Sugars

Short Quiz 8
is the movement by the smooth muscles of the alimentary canal that
move food along.
The correct answer is: Peristalsis
are the simplest digestive compartments.'
The correct answer is: Vacuoles

How many pairs of salivary glands are there?

The correct answer is: 3

Vitamin B2 is also known as:

The correct answer is: riboflavin

A gastrovascular cavity has only one opening.

The correct answer is: True

Food that is ready for swallowing is known as a

The correct answer is: bolus

Ring-like valves found at the junctions of compartments are called

The correct answer is: Sphincters

Pinocytosis is also known as cell eating.

The correct answer is: False

Enzymatic hydrolysis is an example of mechanical digestion.

The correct answer is: False

These are all accessory organs for digestion, except

The correct answer is: Appendix

Amylase hydrolyzes starch.

The correct answer is: True

What is the tissue that lines the gastrovascular cavity?

The correct answer is: Gastrodermis
All animals complete their digestion extracellularly.
The correct answer is: False

The purpose of _______ is to break down food into smaller particles to

increase the surface area for chemical digestion.
The correct answer is: mechanical digestion

Long Quiz 4
Panthothenic acid is also known as vitamin B6.
The correct answer is 'False'.

Teeth are absolutely essential for digestion.

The correct answer is 'False'.

These are stages in digestion, except

The correct answer is: Transport

The pH of the esophagus is acidic.

The correct answer is 'False'.

Saliva is secreted through

The correct answer is: Ducts

Microscopic blood vessels that absorb fructose are also known as

The correct answer is: Capillaries

This is a carbohydrate-protein complex that protects the oral cavity from

abrasion.
The correct answer is: Mucin

Osmosis occurs when these ions are pumped out of the lumen.
The correct answer is: Sodium
The appendix is necessary for immunity.
The correct answer is 'False'.

Tocopherol is also known as

The correct answer is: Vitamin E

How many types of essential amino acids do humans require from their
diets?
The correct answer is: 8

When fewer calories are taken in than is required, glycogen is

hydrolyzed.
The correct answer is 'False'.

The esophagus contains both striated and smooth muscles.

The correct answer is 'True'.

Trypsin and chemotrypsin are amylases.

The correct answer is 'False'.

How many types of amino acids do animals require for protein

synthesis?
The correct answer is: 20

These are all parts of the small intestine, except

The correct answer is: Rectum

Bacteria in the large intestine can produce folic acid.

The correct answer is 'True'.

Essential fatty acids are saturated.

The correct answer is 'False'.
These organelles contain hydrolytic enzymes
The correct answer is: Lysosomes

Bile destroys these cells when they are no longer functional.

The correct answer is: Red blood cells

The vocal chords are found here

The correct answer is: Glottis

Bile is stored and concentrated where?

The correct answer is: Gallbladder

These are all parts of the large intestine, except

The correct answer is: Jejunum

Chylomicrons are
The correct answer is: Fat-soluble globules

Water cannot be absorbed through active transport.

The correct answer is 'True'.

Per gram, fats release three times the energy releases from proteins.
The correct answer is 'False'.

Amino acids move by facilitated diffusion into epithelial cells.

The correct answer is 'False'.

The food in the alimentary canal can move in only one direction.
The correct answer is 'True'.

Fructose moves by passive transport into the epithelial cells of the small
intestine.
The correct answer is 'False'.
This vitamin is essential for blood clotting.
The correct answer is: Vitamin K

Buffers in saliva prevent tooth decay.

The correct answer is 'True'.

The appendix is necessary for immunity.

The correct answer is 'False'.

Bile salts act as

The correct answer is: Emulsifiers

Animals need a source of nitrogen as part of their diets.

The correct answer is 'True'.

Learning Activity 9
The ground tissue of roots is composed of what types of cells?
The correct answer is: Parenchyma

The tip of a root is covered by a

The correct answer is: Root cap

Water can evaporate through stomata.

The correct answer is 'True'.

The lateral root can be located near the root's surface.

The correct answer is 'False'.

Intercalary meristems remain at the leaf blades and internodes.

The correct answer is 'True'.
The mesophyll is a tissue supporting the plant's structure.
The correct answer is 'False'.

Lateral roots develop from the root cortex.

The correct answer is 'False'.

Which type of cells prvide support for the parts of the stem that have
halted lengthening?
The correct answer is: Sclerenchyma

Short Quiz 9
Ground tissue that is internal to the vascular tissue is called
The correct answer is: pith

The vascular tissue of a shoot or root system is called

The correct answer is: Stele

Cells that remain as sources of other cells are called

The correct answer is: Initials

These are hairlike outgrowths of the shoot epidermis.

The correct answer is: Trichomes

These cells have walls that are thin and flexible.

The correct answer is: Parenchyma

Sieve-tube elements lack all of these, except:

The correct answer is: Cytoplasm

The periderm is a protective tissue covering found in woody plants.

The correct answer is: True
These cells have thick primary walls and help support the young parts of
the plant's shoots.
The correct answer is: Chollenchyma

Wood is also known as secondary phloem.

The correct answer is: False

This is a perpetually embryonic tissue.

The correct answer is: Meristems

The xylem vascular tissue system transports sugars and carbohydrates.

The correct answer is: False

What is the term for the continous growth of plants?

The correct answer is: Indeterminate growth

The petiole is part of

The correct answer is: Stems

tissue system is the outer protective layer of the plant.

The correct answer is: Dermal

Learning Activity 10
Natural selection selects for the fittest organisms.
The correct answer is 'True'.

The transfer of alleles into or out of a population is called

The correct answer is: Gene flow

Who proposed the principle of uniformitarianism?

The correct answer is: Lyell
Organisms that are only somewhat related can never look alike.
The correct answer is 'False'.

What year was Darwin born?

The correct answer is: 1809

Who developed the binomial system of naming species?

The correct answer is: Linnaeus

Who was the father of paleontology?

The correct answer is: Cuvier

Short Quiz 10
Natural selection involves the evolution of individuals.
The correct answer is: False

When did Darwin embark on the SS Beagle?

The correct answer is: 1931

What book did Lyell publish?

The correct answer is: Principles of Geology

According to Darwin, what brings about life's unity and diversity?

The correct answer is: Descent with modifications

HIV is an example of a virus that can completely be eradicated using

medications.
The correct answer is: False

Who first proposed that life changes over time?

The correct answer is: Lamarck
Who contended that suffering is caused be the explosion of populations
accompanied by limited resources?
The correct answer is: Malthus

Organisms that are only somewhat related can never look alike.
The correct answer is: False

Superimposed layers of rocks are also called:

The correct answer is: Strata

Who proposed the principle of uniformitarianism?

The correct answer is: Lyell

This is the same genetic language in all organisms.

The correct answer is: DNA

When humans breed cows for better meat, this is called

The correct answer is: artificial selection

The transfer of alleles into or out of a population is called:

The correct answer is: Gene flow

What year was Darwin born?

The correct answer is: 1809

Long Quiz 5
Adventitious roots can grow from leaves.
The correct answer is 'True'.

Meristems are mature tissues found in plants.

The correct answer is 'False'.

A root hair is a multicellular organ.

The correct answer is 'False'.
Mature sclerenchyma cells cannot elongate.
The correct answer is 'True'.

Another term for the leaf's stake is.

The correct answer is: Petiole

Sclereids are usually long, tapered, and slender.

The correct answer is 'False'.

There is a main root, larger than others, in monocots

The correct answer is 'False'.

This covers the tip of the root as it grows.

The correct answer is: Root cap

This is the protective tissue layer in woody plants.

The correct answer is: Periderm

Another name for the stem is

The correct answer is: Axil

Which of these is a thin, tubular extension of a root epidermal cell?

The correct answer is: Root hair

Stems may also be photosynthetic.

The correct answer is 'True'.

Roots derive nutrition from?

The correct answer is: Photosynthates

The spongy mesophyll is located above the palisade mesophyll.

The correct answer is 'False'.
This produces a waxy covering that protects the plant from insects,
bacteria, and fungi.
The correct answer is: Cork cambium

Water moves through vessel elements through

The correct answer is: Pits

Environmental factors supercede genetic factors in the adaptation of

plants to their environment.
The correct answer is 'True'.

Most of the fruit we eat are composed of what type of cells?

The correct answer is: Parenchyma

Elongation is composed of the following, except

The correct answer is: Roots

These are all mistaken for roots but are actually stems, except
The correct answer is: Embryonic roots

This hardening agent is absent from collenchyma cells.

The correct answer is: Lignin

This is the external form of a plant.

The correct answer is: Morphology

This makes the walls of secondary xylem hard.

The correct answer is: Lignin

The outer protective layer of the plant is the

The correct answer is: Dermal tissue system

Elongation happens near the tip of shoots.

The correct answer is 'True'.
The ground tissue contains the pith.
The correct answer is 'True'.

The parenchyma cells in woody plants are differentiated.

The correct answer is 'False'.

In monocots, the embryonic root persists

The correct answer is 'False'.

Parenchyma cells have secondary walls that help them retain their
structure.
The correct answer is 'False'.

The vascular cambium is composed of these cells

The correct answer is: Merismatic

Seive tubes transport phloem.

The correct answer is 'True'.

The reduced surface are of the spines of cacti enable them to survive in
aqueous environments.
The correct answer is 'True'.

The interior of the cork cambium is formed by these cells.

The correct answer is: Phelloderm

These cells regulate the opening and closing of the stomata.

The correct answer is: Guard Cells

In these plants, taproots store carbohydrates and sugars.

The correct answer is: Angiosperms
Learning Activity 11
This is considered the ecology of individuals organisms and populations.
-Autecology

Give an example of an abiotic sphere.

-Atmosphere

Without photosynthesis, organic matter cannot be created.

-True

Not all ecosystems need a boundary.

-False

A puddle can be considered an ecosystem.

-True

Short Quiz 11
The niche of species with competition from others is its fundamental
niche.
-False

This is the primary driving force for the extinction of species.

-Land

Carbon is abundant in the environment.

-True

These are all macronutrients, except.

-Titanium
The consumption of water produces the most substantial effect on the
ecosystem.
-False

The intensive use of fertilizers is part of land use change.

-True

Intra-species competition may be one-sided.

-True

The competition for one resource may influence the competition for
another resource.
-True

Parasitoids include indviduals from Diptera.

-True

The classification of predators as carnivores that consume herbivores is

-Insectivores

Learning Activity 12
The mainstay of genetic engineering is the ability to isolate a single
DNA fragment.
-True

The starting material for DNA isolation may be viral.

-True

Which enzyme is used to digest DNA?

-Ribonuclease

Protein molecules partition into what phase during DNA isolation?

-phenol phase
The separation of the nucleic acid from other cell components is not a
requirement in genetic engineering.
-False

Short Quiz 12
Ethidium bromide is toxic and carcinogenic.
-True

What is the most common method for separating DNA?

-Gel Electrophoresis

The purpose of ______ is to count the amount of nucleic acids present.

-Scintillation counter

SAGE stands for

-Submerged Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

A hydroxyl group at the 3' end of the DNA segment is needed for
elongation to proceed.
-True

These are all ddNTPs, except:

-R

Larger DNA fragments move slower than smaller DNA fragments.

-True

These are all common radioactive tracers, except:

-Caesium-60

Urea acts as a binding agent during the reading of DNA sequences.

-False
What element is used to isolate pDNA?
-Caesium

Long Quiz 6
When fewer calories are taken in than is required, glycogen is
hydrolyzed.
-False

Medicines can be created in transgenic animals.

-False

The periderm is impermeable to water due to this substance.

-Suberin

With surface faulting, increasing displacement means increasing

damage.
-True

Deoxyribose is attached to how many phosphate groups?

-1

Hot gases and materials spewed from volcanoes are part of

-Pyroclastic phenomenon

The Urey-Miller experiment lay the groundwork for the synthesis of

photosynthetic materials.
-False

Ovules are called

-Megasporangia
A DNA double-helix is necessarily antiparallel.
-True

Which part of the atmosphere do cyclones maintain?

-Troposphere

Bile destroys these cells when they are no longer functional.

-Red blood cells

The earth is made up of mainly nitrogen and oxygen.

-True

The fision of cells in unicellular organisms may be multiple or binary.

-True

Torrential rains fall at what speed?

-30 km/hr

Below the melting point of rocks, the rocks will become metamorphic.
-True

This is another name for the reproductive part of flowers.

-Androecium

As radioactive materials decayed, they emitted what?

-Heat

All these comprise the cell membrane, except

-Enzymes

The tail of phospholipids are kinked because of hydrogen bonds.

-False
The TATA box is located where relative to the start of transcription?
--20

Physical weathering is known as

-Mechanical weathering

Allele frequencies can change at random.

-True

Ascorbic acid is essential in humans.

-True

The two main pillars crucial for maintaining life include

-Metabolism

Rocks become metamorphic due to extreme pressure

-True

Troland proposed that these emerged first.

-Proteins

Pyrimidines contain how many ring bases?

-1

All ecosystems are closed systems.

-False

How many kilometers deep is the mantle?-

-2,900 km

Prokaryotic cells do not contain organelles in their cytoplams.

-False
Second Quarter Exam
The stomata allow the uptake of this gas.
-Carbon dioxide

Enzymes that catalyze reactions will perish at temperatures below 250 K

-False

Calcium chloride is used in DNA insertion.

-True

The spongy mesophyll fills with oxygen and carbon dioxide.

-True

Who advocated for catastrophism?

-Cuvier

Nucleic acids are polyionic at neutral pH

-True

How many phalanges do we have?

-5

All plants have secondary growth.

-False

The chances of survival of organisms is maximized when they cooperate

with one another.
-True

These cells have thin and flexible walls and lack a secondary wall.
-Parenchyma

Artificial selection occurs when we breed dogs for a certain length of

coat or certain height.
-True

Microbes that become resistant to an antibiotic are an example of

microevolution.
-True

The cuticle, or the wax, functions to protect against insects and

pathogens.
-True

Who developed the binomial naming of species?

-Linnaeus

These cells are fibrous.

-Sclerenchyma

Generation internal is inversely proportional to genetic gain.

-True

Who found that the body size of the organism can be controlled by
controlling the biomass at each trophic level?
-Elton

Gene stacking is the presence of more than one gene in more than one
plant.
-False

This secretes polysaccharides to protect the young part of the plant.

-Root cap

If a cat always eats the white colored mouse, then there brown colored
mouse will increse in number.
-True
According to fossil records, these evolved from land vertebrates as well.
-Amphibians

A snake's pelvis is an example of a vestigial structure.

-True

Nucleic acids are recovered through

-Centrifugation

These organisms can capture energy without light.

-Chemoautotrophs

Direct reciprocity occurs when two organisms gain from helping each
other.
-True

This is where the lateral roots originate from.

-Pericycle

The energy flow of the ecosystem starts with its primary producers.
-True

The Continental Drift theory provides evidence for evolution.

-True

Lateral roots are also known as

-Taproots

According to Darwin's theory, individuals can evolve.

-False

These are all heterozygous genes, except

-AA
The enzyme method is also known as the Maxam-Gilbert Method.
-False

This can form a lateral shoot

-Axillary bud

The vascular cambium in woody plants consists of a layer of this type of

cell
-Parenchyma

The Phelloderm is a thin layer of this type of cells.

-Parenchyma

PAGE is suitable for RNA sequencing

-False

An ecosystem must have an ecosystem and a nutrient biochemical

recycling system.
-True

The guard cells function to control the opening and closing of the
stomata
-True

There must be a balance between order and entropy.

-True

Who was the first one to propose a mechanism for evolution?

-Lamarck

Absorbance is measured at
-260 nm

Indirect reciprocity occurs when a species is likely to help another due to

lineage.
-False

Carrots have fibrous roots

-False

Intraspecific competition is competition between two individuals from

different species.
-False

What can be used to further digest DNA after deproteinization?

-Rnase

Who coined the term "ecology"?

-Tansley

The xylem and phloem in stems and leaves are collectively called a
stele.
-False

These have features of both plasmids and bacteriophages.

-Cosmids

What is the ratio used for the precipitation of nucleic acids?

-2:1

An organism is said to be homozygous if it carries two of the same

genes.
-True