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The Long, Strange History of Diet Fads

“Of all the parasites that affect humanity I do not know of, nor can I imagine, any more distressing than that
of Obesity.”

So started William Banting’s “Letter on Corpulence,” likely the first diet book ever published. Banting, an
overweight undertaker, published the book in 1864 to espouse his success after replacing an excessive
intake of bread, sugar and potatoes with mostly meat, fish and vegetables.

Since then, fad diets have appeared in many forms. To what length will people go to achieve their desired
figure? As a professor of nutrition and eating behaviors, my sense is the history of dieting shows vanity
outweighs common sense.

Liquid-based diets
Let’s jump back to 1028, the year William the Conqueror was born. Healthy most of his life, he became so
overweight in later years that he went on a liquid diet consisting of almost nothing but alcohol. He lost
enough weight to resume riding his cherished horse, but a riding accident soon led to his untimely death.

We do know of one case in which consuming more alcohol than food allegedly led to longevity. In 1558,
Italian nobleman Luigi Cornarorestricted himself daily to 12 ounces of food and 14 ounces of wine. Rumor
has it he lived to a ripe 102 years of age, earning his approach the nickname The Immortality Diet.

Another alcohol-focused plan, The Drinking Man’s Diet, was introduced in the 1960s. This included so-
called “manly” foods like steak and fish, along with as much alcohol as desired.

Poet Lord Byron credited his thin, pale look to vinegar and water. This practice reemerged in the 1950s as
the popular Apple Cider Vinegar Diet, which instructs people to drink a mixture of equal parts honey and
vinegar. The latest version, although not scientifically supported, claims that three teaspoons of apple cider
vinegar before each meal will curb cravings and cut fat.

Cleanses
“Cleaner” liquid diets, cleanses and detoxes are designed to supposedly rid the body of toxins, despite our
natural ability to do so.

In 1941, alternative health enthusiast Stanley Burroughs created the Master Cleanse, or Lemonade Diet, to
eliminate cravings for junk food, alcohol, tobacco and drugs. All you had to do was consume a mixture of
lemon or lime juice, maple syrup, water and cayenne pepper six times a day for at least 10 days.
Beyoncé made this popular again in 2006, saying she lost 20 pounds in two weeks.

TV physician Dr. Oz and others have since promoted their own versions, varying in length and foods
allowed. Most include a daily laxative and copious amounts of water.

The Last Chance Diet, published in 1976, consisted of drinking a very low-calorie liquid a few times per day.
The main ingredient was a blend of predigested animal byproducts – think hide, horns and tendons. This
“meat smoothie” was taken off the market after several followers died.

More recently, the Green Juice plan became popular. Many were captivated by the promise of a deep
cleanse or quick weight loss, while others saw it as an easy way to consume more fruits and vegetables. One
of the original recipes called for apples, celery, cucumber, kale, lemon and ginger.

Celebrity diets
Andy Warhol had a different approach to maintaining his physique. He reportedly ordered foods he disliked
when out at restaurants, asking for a to-go box upon leaving. He would then give this to a homeless person.

Sleeping was another possibility. Elvis Presley was rumored to be an advocate of the Sleeping Beauty Diet.
Its long pill-induced sleeping bouts were said to inhibit eating.
A more recent effort to mimic celebrities, the Hollywood 48 Hour Miracle Diet was joined by the Hollywood
24 Hour Miracle Diet, the Hollywood Daily Miracle Diet Drink Mix Meal Replacement and various dietary
supplements.

Get slim quick


In the early 1900s, overweight businessman Horace Fletcher slimmed down and made dieting a pop culture
phenomenon with his Chewing Diet. He recommended chewing food until it became liquid to prevent
overeating.

Another method rumored to be popular in the early 1900s was the Tapeworm Diet. Theoretically, one
would swallow a tapeworm or tapeworm pills. The worm would then live in your stomach and consume
some of your food. While vintage advertisements have been found, there is no evidence that tapeworms
were actually sold.

Other diets have allured fans over the years with the promise of easy weight loss through a single
miraculous food. There’s the Grapefruit Diet, which recommends half a grapefruit before every meal; The
Peanut Butter Diet and the Ice Cream Diet, both promising as much of said food daily as desired; and the
Shangri-La Diet in 2006, which claimed you could beat hunger by drinking olive oil about an hour before
each meal.

One standout example was the Cabbage Soup Diet, first popularized by celebrities in the 1950s. This diet
involved consuming nothing but soup for seven days. The original recipe called for cabbage, vegetables,
water and dry onion soup mix, but other renditions added ingredients like fruit, skim milk and beef. It
became trendy again every ten years or so, with the internet making it easier to share.

Alternative ideas
Some diets and their supporting theories went beyond food.

In 1727, writer Thomas Short observed that overweight people lived near swamps. His Avoiding Swamps
Diet thus recommended moving away from swamps.

Instead of moving away from swamps, Breatharianism recommends not eating. Followers in a 2017
interview claimed food and water are unnecessary, saying they subsist on spirituality and sunlight alone.
The prolonged fasting would eventually lead to starvation, but devotees have been spotted eating and
drinking.

The more dangerous Cotton Ball Diet surfaced in 2013. Dieters reported consuming up to five cotton balls
at a time, saying they felt full and lost weight. With its unfortunate side effect of intestinal obstruction, this
diet faded away.

But not all unusual ideas are bad. The Seven Day Color Diet, published in 2003, suggested eating foods of
only one color each day. For example, red day would include tomatoes, apples and cranberries. This actually
emphasizes healthful foods to include, rather than crazy concoctions or restrictions.

While intriguing, fad diets are usually short-term quick fixes. They may produce initial rapid weight loss,
but this is more likely due to their lower calorie intake than the follower’s usual diet, and often consists
of water loss.

Instead, we should remember that there’s no simple secret to losing weight. Achieving sustained weight loss
and maintenance requires reducing your calorie intake and increasing your activity levels – with or without
grapefruit and cabbage.
Questions from the Reading:
1. How long have diet fads existed?

2. What is the most recent cleanse?

3. Who used the sleeping beauty diet?

4. When was the cabbage soup diet popularized?

5. Which diet is the funniest one?

6. Which diet is the most dangerous?

7. Have you ever tried any specific diet? How was it?

8. Do you think that diets work?

Questions from the Listening: Ten Fad Diets that are Dangerous and
Ridiculous
1. What are the 3 ingredients from the Master Cleanse?

2. What diet allows you to eat whatever you want? What is the big rule?

3. What is Fletcherism?

4. When was the tapeworm diet popular?

5. How many stages are in the caveman diet?

6. What can you drink in the Grapefruit diet?

7. What is the most dangerous diet?

8. Which diet was the worst in your opinion? Why?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMd0-3Zahnw&t=41s
KETO: Low Carb Beef Stroganoff!!
Quantifiers and Sequencing Exercise
Part A: Circle all quantifiers in the recipe description.

These low carb Beef Stroganoff Meatballs are quite simply amazing. This is one of the best from my many recipes
for meatballs. It’s true, I wish I had some right now, but it’s only 7:30am – that’s how good they are! My husband
isn’t usually a huge fan of mushrooms, but even he could eat some more of these!

Now Beef Stroganoff is typically served with some egg noodles, and you could try these Keto beef stroganoff
meatballs with the low carb egg fast noodles from the Fettuccini Alfredo recipe, and it would probably be fantastic. I
served them with a little of the Cauliflower Puree because I was already making some and it was a little easier – and
delicious.

So you have a few options – but do serve them with something to enjoy all of that delicious gravy. Even zucchini
noodles or spaghetti squash would work if that’s what you have on hand. This is a meal that you can never eat too
many times. I suggest that you serve this delicious meal with a little homemade mango iced tea.

This KETO beef stroganoff meatballs recipe calls for a little xanthan gum which is a low carb thickener that you can
usually find in the baking aisle or with the gluten free products. Otherwise you can order it online pretty cheaply.
You can omit the xanthan gum, but your gravy will be much runnier without it – still yummy!

Part B: Answer the comprehension questions.

1. Who doesn’t like mushroom?

2. What kind or diet is this recipe for?

3. What side dish should you make with this recipe?

4. What is xanthan gum? Why is it important?

5. Where can you find xanthan gum?

Part C: Use the following quantifiers to complete the sentences below.


Some-Any-How much-How many-a little- a few

1. __________________ sugar does Mum need for the cake?


2. _________________ lumps of sugar do you put in your coffee?
3. I usually have __________________ ayran with my lunch, the doctor told me it’s good for my health!
4. Would you like ___________ tea?
5. We haven’t got ____________ eggs.
6. _________________ water do you drink every day?
7. I usually have _________________ pieces of chocolate a day.
8. I don’t think I have ____________ milk left; would you prefer _____________ fruit juice?
9. _________________ sandwiches shall I prepare?
10. When my children finish their vegetables, they can have _________________ ice cream.
The Ingredients!

For the Meat Balls: For the Sauce:


• 1 lb ground beef (80/20) • 1 Tbsp butter
• 1 egg • 2 cups sliced mushrooms (white or cremini)
• 1/4 cup almond flour • 1 cup sliced onions
• 1 tsp kosher salt • 1 clove garlic, minced
• 1/4 tsp black pepper • 1 1/2 cups beef broth
• 1/2 tsp garlic powder • 3/4 cup sour cream
• 1/2 tsp onion powder • 1/4 tsp xanthan gum
• 1 tsp dried parsley • salt and pepper to taste
• 1 tsp Worcestershire sauce • 2 Tbsp fresh parsley, chopped
• 2 Tbsp butter (for frying)

Part D: answer the following question:

What are the 4 different measurements that you see in the ingredients?

1_____________________ 2 _____________________ 3_____________________ 4_____________________

COOKING INSTRUCTIONS
First, combine the meatball ingredients (except the butter) in a medium bowl and mix well.
After it is mixed, form it into 12 meatballs.

Next, heat the 2 Tbsp of butter in a large, nonstick sauté pan. Then, cook the meatballs on medium heat in the
butter until browned on all sides and cooked through (2-3 minutes per side.) Immediately remove the meatballs
from the pan and set aside.

After you take the meatballs out, add the 1 Tbsp of butter and the 2 cups of sliced mushrooms to the pan. Then cook
until the mushrooms are golden and fragrant (4-5 minutes.) Again, remove the mushrooms from the pan.

Now, add the onions and garlic and cook for 3-4 minutes or until softened and translucent.
Remove the onions from the pan.

Then, add the beef broth to your pan and scrape the bottom to get all the yummy bits off. After, whisk in your sour
cream and xanthan gum.
As soon as it is a creamy texture, add the meatballs, mushrooms, onions and garlic back to the pan and stir.
Simmer on low for 20 minutes.

At last, Season with salt and pepper to taste and Garnish with the fresh parsley right before serving.
ENJOY!

Part E: Write down 4 different sequencing words per box.

Beginning Middle End


1. 1. 1.
2. 2. 2.
3. 3. 3.
4. 4. 4.
My Crazy Diet Recipe:_________________
Intro:
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________

Ingredients:

Cooking Instructions
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
Idioms:
1. Apple of my eye-

2. Bad apple-

3. Apples and Oranges-

4. Big Cheese-

5. As cool as a cucumber-

6. Best thing since sliced bread-

7. Piece of cake-

8. food for thought-

9. To have a sweet tooth-

10. Icing on the cake-

Phrasal Verbs:
1. Chop up-

2. Eat out-

3. Bolt down-

4. Whip up-

5. Pig out-

6. Warm up-

7. Cut back-

8. Cut out-

9. Pick at-

10. Boil over-


Let’s Talk about Movies!!
How often do you go to the What kind of movies do you Who’s your favourite actor
cinema? like? Why? or actress?

Who do you go with? (e.g. action, horror, sci-fi) Why do you like them?

What’s the name of the last Do you like horror movies? What’s the best movie you
film you saw? have ever seen?
Why (not)?
What was it about? Explain why.

Do you prefer to watch Do you ever rent DVDs? Have you ever bought a
movies at home or in the pirated movie? Do you think
If so, where do you rent
cinema? Why? it is OK to copy movies?
them?

What is the worst movie you Have you ever watched the Do you watch movies in
have ever seen? Academy Awards (Oscars)? English or your language?
Which do you prefer?
Why was it so bad? If so, did you like it? Why?

When you watch an English Movie stars are often paid Give as many ‘movie words’
movie, do you prefer it millions of dollars. Do you think as you know.
dubbed or subtitled? Why? they deserve this? Explain.
(e.g. film, director, set)

Do you ever watch reality What kind of snacks or Would you like to be a
TV shows? Do you like drinks do you have when you famous film star?
them? Why (not)? go to the movies?
Why or why not?

1. Pirates of the Carribean a. animated cartoon


2. Star Trek: The Movie b. horror movie Match the
3. Kung Fu Panda c. war movie
4. Zombies Nightmare d. romantic comedy Movie &
5. The Battle of the Bulge e. musical Genre
6. Fatal Attraction f. science fiction
7. Shakespeare in Love g. thriller
8. The Sound of Music h. adventure
9. Die Hard i. action
ADVERB CLAUSES
What is an adverb clause?_________________________________________________

•Meaning:
• Shows the time when an action takes place.
•Conjunctions:

Time •While, Before, After, Since, As, Whenever, As, As long as, Soon as, Till,
Until
•Examples:
• They met up while I was at work.
• We can leave when class finishes. (note: can't say 'when class will finish)

•Meaning:

Purpose
•Conjunctions:

•Examples:

•Meaning:

Reason
•Conjunctions:

•Examples:

•Meaning:

Result
•Conjunctions:

•Examples:

•Meaning:

Contrast
•Conjunctions:

•Examples:


http://www.eslcommando.com/2013/10/movie-trailer-esl-grammar-catching-fire.html

Catching Fire Listening Grammar Activity:


Adverb Clause Signal Words
1. ____ Peter and Katniss walked out, the people clapped 6. ________ Peter and
Katniss are walking to the
before party, the woman with
as soon as blue hair talks to them.

although As soon as

As
2._____ the old man is talking, the other is listening
After
because

therefore 7. Katniss has been very popular on TV ___________ she


first won the Hunger Games.
while
because
3. The younger man agrees that Katniss should die the last time
as long as it is the right time. whenever
while it is the right time.
8.People have been looking for Katniss __________ she
whenever it is the right time. left.

4. _________ the common people think that Katniss is ever since


like the two men, the common people might kill her until
themselves.
by the time
Before

Every time 9. Katniss says they need to go _______ the soldiers kill
them.
Once
when
5. _______ the soldiers begin to beat the old man, by the time
Katniss and Peter are taken inside.
before
Whenever

Just before 10. ________ the clip ended, the old man had wanted to
kill all of the victors.
As long as
After

When

By the time

Watch the video again and write 4 sentences about the actions in the video using any adverbial clause

1.

2.

3.

4. ________________________________________________________________________________________________
Go through and circle every ADVERB CLAUSE CONJUCTION
Reviewer's Rating
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
(2001)
Reviewed by Adrian Hennigan
Updated 6 November 2001

This is possibly Hollywood's first bespectacled hero since Harold Lloyd. Harry Potter makes a
satisfactory, although unspectacular, film debut as Chris Columbus delivers a $125 million
movie about the young boy destined to be a great wizard.

Treating JK Rowling's debut novel with a reverence that wasn't even accorded to The Bible,
Hollywood serves up a two-and-a-half hour fantasy that gets the introductions out of the way when
Harry goes to Hogwarts for the first time. This paves the way for more plot-driven tales in what's
sure to become the biggest franchise of all time. (On the big screen, incidentally, the story's
similarities to "Star Wars" are even more visible because of the similar plot and characters).

If you've read the novel - and if you haven't, why not? - great casting means you'll feel like you've
met all of these characters already. The three young leads - Radcliffe, Grint, and especially
Watson - deliver likable, natural performances, while the film's biggest joy is watching the spot-
on performances of their peers: Maggie Smith plays Professor McGonagall like Miss Jean Brodie
with a pointy hat, while Robbie Coltrane steals the show as loose-lipped Hagrid. Alan Rickman,
meanwhile, sneers for England as Professor Snape.

Indeed, the whole film plays like an advertisement for historic old England where the film
takes place - if this doesn't get Americans buying our castles and cathedrals, or at least coming to
look at them again, nothing will. Hell, even King's Cross station looks pleasant.

The film's not flawless, though. It's half an hour too long and much of the book's humour is
jettisoned. Despite its flaws, it's refreshing to witness a big-budget movie where the
impressive special effects complement the story, rather than merely compensate for the
lack of one.

"Harry Potter" may not leave you spellbound, then, however it'll definitely leave you wanting to
discover the "Chamber of Secrets".
MY FILM REVIEW: ________________________________________ YEAR______________

(don’t forget to use as many adverb clauses as possible)


Idioms:
1. Sell out-

2. Live up to the hype-

3. Break a leg-

4. To be in the limelight-

5. To run the show-

6. ‘Houston we have a problem’-

7. ‘You’re killing me smalls’ -

8. ‘I don’t think we are in Kansas anymore’-

9. (movie name) bombed-

10. A hit-

Phrasal Verbs:
1. Base (sb) on-

2. Catch on-

3. Dub over-

4. Jazz up-

5. Rip off-

6. Show off-

7. Tune in-

8. Edit out-

9. Sell out-

10. Blow away-


MUSIC

Conversation cards

What’s your favourite kind Can you play a musical How often do you listen to
of music? instrument? music?

If so, which one?

Have you ever been to a Have you ever sung Do you like to sing?
concert or live show? karaoke?
Why (not)?
Talk about it. Did you like it?

How many CDs do you have? Do you have an MP3-player? Have you ever downloaded
What’s your favourite? music from the Internet?
How often do you use it?
Why?

Do you prefer music in Which musician or band Do you ever listen to loud
English or in your own would you most like to music? When?
language? Why? meet? Why?

Can you dance? Do you listen to music on When you listen to music, do
the radio? What’s your you try to understand the
What’s your favourite
favourite radio station? words (lyrics)?
dance?

Would you like to be a What’s your favourite What’s your favourite band?
famous singer? Why? singer? Why do you like him Why do you like it?
or her?
ROLLİNG STONES – STİLL ROCKİNG AND ROLLİNG AT 50

The Rolling Stones are the oldest performing rock band in music history. They started out in London in 1962
and have been commercially successful for over fifty years. Of the original line-up three members are still in
the band: lead singer Mick Jagger, guitarist Keith Richards and drummer Charlie Watts. Ronnie
Woods joined the band in 1975. Up to today, the Stones have sold more than 200 million albums.
The idea of founding a rock and roll band goes back to the schooldays of Mick Jagger and Keith Richards. In
1962 they performed at the Marquee Club in London for the first time. The music they played at that time was
not rock and roll but rhythm and blues.
The Rolling Stones’ first US tour in June 1964 was not very successful, partly because they hadn’t had a hit
record at that time. The Beatles, formed at around the same time, were skyrocketing to success and landed
one hit single after the other. While the Beatles had been gentleman-like, nice and always neatly dressed The
Stones had been their counterparts, the bad boys, the Anti-Beatles, wearing longer hair and showing a
more aggressive musical style.
International breakthrough came in 1965 with their number one hit Satisfaction. The Stones had their most
successful time in Britain and the US during 1965 and 1966. In 1967 members of the Rolling Stones
were accused of taking drugs. Guitarist Brian Jones could not stand the pressure of success and left the band
in 1969. He committed suicide , shortly afterwards.

The Stones originally played songs from famous rhythm and blues and rock musicians. Later on Jagger and
Richards began writing their own songs. Hit songs include As Tears Go By, Paint it Black, Brown Sugar, Honky
Tonk Women and many others.
By 1980s the members of the band started their own solo careers but occasionally still played together. In
1989 the Rolling Stones were honored in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. In the same year the Stones got
together again for another album and world tour. Having reached middle age, the band proved that they could
still rock. Thousands flocked to stadiums around the world to see their concerts. On stage they are
still electrifying, especially the unique performance of lead singer Mick Jagger.
In 2008 Hollywood director Martin Scorsese, a dedicated Stones fan, turned one of their concerts into a
documentary film, Shine a Light.
No rock band has played longer than the Rolling Stones. Today, at the musical age of 50, they are far
from quitting and their fans appreciate it. They have recorded over 400 songs, made two dozen studio albums,
and have gone on ten world tours.
While other rock bands have come and gone, the Stones have endured. Critics say that the Rolling Stones are
not only clever businessmen but because they have always put the band before the individual.
https://www.english-online.at/music/rolling-stones/rolling-stones-at-50.htm

1. When did the Rolling Stones begin?

2. How many albums have the rolling stones sold?

3. What was their number 1 hit in 1965?

4. Have you heard any of their hit songs?

5. Which concert became a documentary?

6. How old are the members of the band now?


Gerund or Infinitive: Rules to Live By
Both OK : begin, start, love, like, hate

Infinitive Gerund
After certain verbs: agree, appear, decide, After certain verbs: Consider, avoid, deny,
expect, hope, manage, offer, promise, refuse, mention, finish, risk, spend, mind, regret,
seem, want, afford, pretend, (and many admit, suggest, imagine, deny (and many
more) more)
EX: He promised to come back. EX: I considered travelling next summer.
EX:___________________________________ EX:
___________________________________
To express purpose
EX. She goes to the gym to work out. As the subject of the sentence.
EX: EX: Listening to music helps me run faster.
___________________________________ EX:
___________________________________ Bare Infinitives
After question words: who, what, where, The bare infinitive is used as the
how, Etc. After prepositions and phrasal verbs. main verb after the dummy
EX: I don’t know how to solve the problem. EX: I woke up wondering what time it was
auxiliary verb do, or most modal
EX: EX:
___________________________________ ___________________________________ auxiliary verbs (such as will, can,
or should..)
After some adjectives: difficult, glad, happy, After ‘go’ for activities. Example:
sorry, willing, unable, afraid, etc. EX: I always go swimming at the sea. I can do it!
Ex: I am happy to help my mom. EX: EX:_________________________
EX: ___________________________________
___________________________________
After: it’s no use, it’s (not) worth, it’s no
Several common verbs of
Using too and enough. good, what’s the use of, There’s no point perception,
EX: There is too much work to complete. in, can’t help, can’t stand, be/get used to, including see, watch, hear, feel,
EX: have difficulty, feel like, I’m busy, As well and sense take a direct object and a
___________________________________ as, have trouble, etc) bare infinitive.
EX: I got used to living in Çankırı. Example:
First, second, next, last. EX:
I saw it happen.
EX: You’ll be the first to know my answer. ___________________________________
EX:
EX:_________________________
___________________________________
The bare infinitive is also used with
Special Words: several common verbs of
Forget: permission or causation,
including make, let, and have.
Remember:
Example:
Regret: I made/let/had him do it.
EX:_________________________
Try:
The bare infinitive is also used
Stop: after had better.
Example:
You had better leave now

The verb help is followed by the


bare infinitive.
Example:
He helped them do it. ("He helped
them to do" it is also possible)

With the word why.


Example:
Why say it?
GERUND OR INFINITIVE

1. I don’t mind ___________ (spend) every day.


2. I want _____________ (be) a part of it, New York, New York.
3. Remember __________ (let) her into your heart and, then you can start
____________ (make) it better.
4. And you only need the light when it’s burning low, you only miss the sun when it starts
___________ (snow),only know your lover when you let her _________ (go)
5. I know it’s hard ___________ (keep) an open heart when even friends seem out
____________ (harm) you but if you could _________ (heal) a broken heart,
wouldn’t time__________ (be) out to charm you
6. Lets __________ (raise) a glass or two to all the things I’ve lost on you
7. I must have called a thousand times __________ (tell) you I’m sorry, for everything
that I’ve done, but when I call you never seem ___________ (be) home
8. I didn’t mean __________ (end) his life , I know it wasn’t right, I can’t even
___________ (sleep) at night, Can’t ______ (get) it off my mind, I need
____________ (get) out of sight, Before I end up behind bars
9. So take my strong advice, just remember __________________ (always think)
twice
10.Don’t you stop ______________ (love) me, don’t quit ____________ (love) me,
just start ___________ (love) me
11. Trouble that can’t __________ (be) named, the tiger is waiting __________ (be)
tamed
12. I want __________ (break) free, I want ____________ (break) free.
13. Today I don’t feel like ______________ (do) anything I just wanna __________
(lay) in my bed, Don’t feel like __________ (pick) up my phone, So leave a message
at the tone, ‘Cause today I swear I’m not doing anything
14. I never meant ___________ (cause) you any sorrow, I never meant ____________
(cause) you any pain, I only wanted to one time see you laughing, I only wanted
__________ (see) you laughing in the purple rain
15. They tried ________ (make) me _______ (go) to rehab, I said no, no, no
16. Cause all of the stars are fading away , Just try _____________ (not/ worry) , You’ll
see them some day, Take what you need, And be on your way, And stop__________
(cry) your heart out

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3uYM2O9UDk7VXJnbUQwOHRDaVk/view

0.Billy Jean, Michel Jackson


Songs used:
. Love on the brain, Rhianna
2. Clocks, Coldplay
She will be loved, Maroon 5 . I want to break free, Queen
New York New York, Frank Sinatra 4. Lazy Song, Bruno Mars
Hey Jude, The Beatles . Purple Rain, Prince
Let her go, Passenger 6. Rehab, Amy Winehouse
November rain, Guns’n’Roses . Stop cryin’ your heart out, Oasis
Lost on you, LP
Hello, Adele
Man down, Rhianna
Karaoke Night!
Option 1: Pick a song

Option 2: Pick a poem

Option 3: Write a poem

What song/poem will you do for the


class?

_______________________________________________________________

What Gerunds or Infinitives are in it?

_______________________________________________________________

What are three fun facts about your choice?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

Why did you choose this song/poem?

_______________________________________________________________
Idioms:
1. Music to my ears-

2. Face the music-

3. Play by ear-

4. Fit as a fiddle-

5. Ring a bell-

6. Like a broken record-

7. It takes 2 to tango-

8. As clean as a whistle-

9. And all that jazz-

10. Chime in-

Phrasal Verbs:
1. Turn up-

2. Turn on-

3. Sing along-

4. Bleep out-

5. Put on-

6. Put out-

7. Come out-

8. Turn down-

9. Turn off-

10. Background music (not verb)-


ALL IN THE FAMILY
How many people are there Do you have any brothers or How many grandparents
in your family(1)? sisters? have you got?

Who are they? Talk about them. How often do you see them?

How do your parents earn a What does your family Who’s the oldest in your
living? (= what are their jobs) usually do on Sundays? family? Who’s the youngest?

Talk about it. Talk about it. Talk about them.

How many cousins do you Do you have any great- Do you have any family living
have? What do you do when grandparents? or working abroad?
you see them?
If so, how old are they? Talk about them.

Pick a family member. Does your family eat meals Who does the housework in
Describe looks (= outside) and together? What else do you your family? (e.g. cooking,
character (= inside). do together? cleaning, washing)

Talk about the relative you Would you live with your Are there any rules in your
like most. Say why you like parents after getting family? What are they?
him or her. married? Why or why not?
Do you think they are fair?

What do your parents look Is family important to you? Do you ever hold a family
like? Do you take after reunion?
Explain why.
them? (= look like them)
If so, what happens there?
Family
The nuclear family is the traditional family structure in the West. This term, originating in the 1950s,
describes families consisting of a father, a mother, and their offspring. Under this structure, the family is
seen as the basic unit in society; the father functions as the breadwinner and the mother as the homemaker.
Nowadays, alternative family types are becoming more prevalent, such as single-parent families, families
headed by same-sex parents, and extended families where families live with their kin, which may include
several generations. Extended families are less common in North America, where it is not uncommon to
place grandparents in retirement homes.

A Social Trends survey in 2009 reported radical changes in child rearing and marriage practices in the
United Kingdom. Figures showed that while 30 percent of women under thirty had given birth by the age of
25, only 24 percent had tied the knot. This marked the first time childbirth had become the first
major milestone in adult life, ahead of marriage. In 1971 in the U.K, 3/4 of women were married by the age
of 25 and half were mothers.

Judging by the high rates of divorce and the increasing number of children born out of wedlock, it would
appear that the family as an institution is in decline. American sociologist Stephanie Coontz believes so too,
but for different reasons. Coontz points out that marriages are no longer arranged for political or economic
reasons, and children are no longer required to contribute to the family income. Marriages nowadays are
founded on love. She believes this shift towards love and free choice has actually weakened both the family
by making it optional and the bond between the husband and wife by making it contingent on emotional
fulfillment.

QUESTIONS
1) What is a nuclear family?

2) True or False: extended families are replacing nuclear families in North America.

3) How has marriage and raising children changed in the U.K. since 1971?

4) Why does Stephanie Coontz believe the institution of the family has weakened?

5) Do you agree or disagree with the ideas in the article?

Kayla Briet- Why do I make art?


https://www.ted.com/talks/kayla_briet_why_do_i_make_art_to_build_time_
capsules_for_my_heritage
1. What is the hoop dance? Why is it important for her?

2. What is an ancestor? What is heritage? What is her heritage?

3. What helped her get close to her heritage?

4. What modern music style does she use with her heritage?

5. Why is it so important for her to learn her family history?

6. What is your heritage?

7. Do you preserve your heritage? How?


Causatives
CAUSATIVE PRACTICE
1) His teeth are checked twice a year. (have-no agent)

2) Her skirt is being cleaned at the moment. (get-no agent)

3) Central heating is going to be installed in our house next month. (have-no agent)

4) Their windows need to be cleaned. (have-no agent)

5) She insisted that they go to the meeting.( make)

6) We persuaded Paul to lend us some money. (get)

7) Did the mechanic repair Paul’s motorbike? (get)

8) Their house was burgled last night.(have-no agent)

9)Don’t ask them to post the letters.( have-no agent)

10) She prefers sending her clothes to the dry cleaner’s. ( have-no agent)

11) Would you like someone to do the shopping for you? ( have-no agent)

12)Julie’s maid irons all her clothes.(have-agent)

13) Did you ask Jenny to arrange the flowers for you? (get –agent)

14) He used to pay someone to do his accounts once a month. (get-no agent)

15) Why did he insist that I buy this dress? (make)

16) The police ordered him to tell them what had happened.(make)

17) The dentist is extracting her tooth now. (have-agent)

18) He doesn’t mind the barber cutting his hair short. (get-no agent)

19) A detective investigated the case for her. (have-agent)

20) You should ask Jennifer to water your plants.(get /agent)

21) My father likes people taking his photo. (have/no agent)

22) I will tell James to cancel the meeting tomorrow. ( have-agent)

23) My brother insisted that I give him back his book.(make)


It’s Time for a Family Meeting!

Situation: Your family is having problems, so you’ve all agreed to have a family meeting.

Instructions: First, decide who in your group is the child, the teenager, the mother and the father. Then take 1-2
minutes to read your role below (don’t read the other roles). When you are ready, the father will start the meeting.

Child Some of the things you want:


- To be able to stay up later at night.
- More money from your parents
- A computer in your bedroom
- Other: ___________________ ? (You can think of more)

Teenager . Some of the things you want:


- To be able to use the family car this weekend to go to a party.
- To get a tattoo.
- Other: ___________________ ? (You can think of more)

Mother Some of the things you want:


- You want your children start helping with the housework
- You want them to stop using bad language
- ___________________ ? (You can add more)

Father : Some of the things you want:


- You want your child to see an English tutor because his/her English is poor.
- You want your teenager to start cooking dinner for the family
- Other: ___________________ ? (You can think of more)
*You will start the meeting when you’re ready. You can say, “Thank you for coming. It’s time to talk….”

A. (Pair Work)
1. What do children want their parents to let them do? Put some ideas below.

Children want their parents to let them…

• go to bed late.


(Box 1)

2. What do parents make their children do? Put some ideas below.

Parents make their children …

• wash dishes


(Box 2)
B. Role-play (Groups of 4)
Situation: Your family is having problems, so you’ve all agreed to have a family meeting. In groups of four, decide
which pair will be the children and which pair will be the parents. Read your roles below. When you are all ready
ready, the parents will start the meeting.

Role: Children: Your parents are too strict. Look at the ideas in the Box 1 above. Those are the things
you want to do. In the meeting, try to persuade your parents to let you do them.

Role: Parents: Your children are bad. Look at the ideas in Box 2 above. Those are the things you want to
make your children do. In the meeting, make them agree to follow the new rules. When you are ready,
you can start the meeting. You can say “Thank you for coming. It’s time to talk…”

Closing: After the meeting, share the results of your meeting with the class. Use
make/have/let/help (causative). For example:
- “My parents won’t let me have a computer in my bedroom.”
- “I will not let my daughter get a tattoo on her face.”
- “A tutor will help my child improve his English.”
- _________________________________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
- _________________________________________________________________________________
Idioms:
1. Take after someone-

2. Apple doesn’t fall far from the tree-

3. Spitting image-

4. To have a bun in the oven-

5. Pride and joy-

6. Breadwinner-

7. Wears the pants-

8. (own) flesh and blood-

9. Black sheep-

10. My old man/my old lady-

Phrasal Verbs:
1. Grow up-

2. Live up to-

3. Look up to someone-

4. Look back on-

5. Bring someone up-

6. Look after-

7. Fall out with someone-

8. Get on with someone-

9. Be named after-

10. Settle down-


IT’S ELECTION TIME
What do you think Do you like making What’s the best
when you hear the presentations? presentation you have
Word ‘presentation?’ Why/why not? ever heard?

How can you stop What do you think of Is it better to give a


being nervous about a PowerPoint? Are you presentation to 5
presentation? good at using it? people or 30?

Do you like listening Whose presentation Do you think giving


to presentations? would you like to see presentations makes
(anyone in the world)? you confident?
Why?

What is the most What advice do you Do you like people


difficult part of giving have for someone looking at you when
a speech? giving a speech? you give a speech?

How rude is it to talk What do you think How do you feel when
during a presentation? when people talk your presentation is
during your over?
presentation?
So You Want to Be Class President
Before I talk about how to get elected, I want you to think about why you want to become class
president. Do you want to improve school dances? Do you want to have a wider variety of school lunch
options? Create a class field trip? Start a fundraiser?
All of these reasons are legitimate. You need to figure out what your own goal is. If you're having trouble,
sit down and brainstorm. Think about all the events your student government plans. Which did you attend?
Were there issues at these events? What could have been done better? Is it something you could change?
This brainstorming should lead you to some ideas of why you want to become president of your class or
school.
Why do you need a reason to want to be class president? It'll keep you motivated during your
campaign, and it'll help you explain to your classmates why they should vote for you. I'll delve into this in-
depth later on in this article.

Step 1: Start Early


If you want to be president of your class or high school someday, you need to start working towards
that goal early.
Plan to join student council your freshman year, but don’t expect to be elected president. Freshman
student council elections are usually a mess. Freshman elections typically happen within a month of starting
school, so no one knows each other. The person elected president is usually the person whose name other
students have heard the most. It’s not usually based on competence or trust.
My recommendation for freshman student council elections: Run for one of the “smaller” offices
such as secretary or treasurer. There is usually less competition for these positions, so you’ll have a better
shot of being elected. During freshman year, your aim should just be to get on the council. Once you're on it,
you’ll be able to prove your effectiveness as a leader and can start the climb towards president. I was elected
Freshman Treasurer, and then Sophomore Vice President, and then Junior Class President.
But by starting early, I don’t just mean joining the council early...

Step 2: Maintain Relationships


You need to work from the start to build relationships with your classmates so that they know and
trust you. This is the most important step to becoming Class President. Students want to elect someone they
like and know is competent. Be a leader in the classroom. Participate in class discussions and get good
grades. It’s how you’ll prove your competence. Don’t be the class clown or the student who’s always on
their cell phone or asleep.
Interact with the students around you. Sit with different groups at lunch. Talk to them about their
concerns and what changes they’d like to see happen at the school. If you’re not currently on student
council, ask if you can attend their meetings. Some student councils allow students who’re interested in
joining to sit in on their meetings, and some host an occasional meeting (monthly, bi-monthly, annual, etc.)
for students who’re not on the council to voice their concerns and ideas.
Also, if you’re not currently on student council, ask members of student council if they need help
with their events. It’s a great way to test out student council to see if it’s right for you, and it's also a great
way to show you’re fit to be on student council/leading student council.
With my advice, you won't be quite so lonely!

Step 3: Get Your Name Out There


To win an election, you need to market yourself. Start by creating a slogan, even if it’s as simple as
“Lauren for Junior Class President.” You want to use one slogan for your campaign that will be used on all
of your marketing materials so that your name becomes recognizable. If you don't come up with one slogan
and instead use multiple slogans or designs, people may get confused. You want one good slogan that you'll
use across all of your material to ensure a clear, focused campaign that'll create name recognition. Think
about all of the US presidential campaigns; the posters always have one design from which they never
stray.
Step 4: Put Up Posters with Your Slogan
The posters can be super simple; even just a print out of the slogan on normal computer paper will
work. However, you should have a lot of them. The exact number will vary proportionally to the number of
students in your class (or school, if you’re running for the overall Student Government President). What I
mean by that is if your class has 100 students, 10 posters may be enough, but if you have 1000 students in
your class, you may want to put up 50 or more posters. Count on some posters being ripped down or
disappearing. Most schools have rules against this, but it’s hard to catch someone ripping down a
poster. Plan on making extras.

Step 5: Create Something to Hand Out


This can be a sticker, button, pencil, etc. You can make these super cheaply by buying labels,
printing your slogan onto the labels, and handing them out as “stickers” or putting these labels onto
pencils. Again, as I said for posters, the number of handouts you should make will vary based on the number
of students in your class or school. If you can afford it, I’d recommend making at least one sticker/handout
per student in your class. The campaigns usually last multiple days, so try to make sure you have enough
handouts to give a second sticker or pencil to other students who may misplace the first.
NOTE: You may not be able to use all of my suggestions above. Different schools have different
campaign rules. For example, some schools don’t allow you to hand anything out. Check with a teacher or
school administrator to make sure you know what the rules are.
What’s the Point of Marketing Yourself?
You won’t win an election if people don’t know who you are and why you’re running. As I said
before, students want to elect people they like and know are competent. Even if you’re a leader in the
classroom and getting good grades, if you’re in a class of 1000, you may not know half of your
classmates. You want the other half of students who don’t know you personally to know your name and to
talk about you with their friends.
Posters help create name visibility. People will start to recognize your name and will hopefully start
to talk to their friends about you.
Handouts (i.e. stickers or pencils) also help create name visibility and offer you an opportunity to
meet more students you don’t know. At lunch time, travel around your cafeteria, walk up to people you
don’t know and ask if they’d like a sticker or pencil. It’s a GREAT excuse to talk to people and will give
you an opportunity to convince them to vote for you.
Make sure you tell them why you want to be president. As I mentioned earlier, whatever reason you
decided to run (whether it was to improve school dances or improve the lunch menu) tell it to them! Ask
them what they’d like to see happen at the school next year. Show them you’ll be a good listener as well as a
good leader!

QUESTIONS
1. How early do you need to start? What can you do?

2. How can you maintain relationships?

3. What is a slogan?

4. What should you give out?

5. What was the best advice that the author gave in your opinion? Why?

6. What was something that you learned from this article?


Conditionals / Wishes - practice

I. FILL IN THE RIGHT FORM OF THE VERBS:

1. Mark ______________________ (cut) the tree if he had a sharp axe.


2. If you enjoy cooking, you ______________________ (love) this new recipe.
3. If Olive hadn’t walked under the ladder, she _____________________ (not lose) her wallet.
4. I _______________________ (not take) the baby to the park if it were rainy.
5. I would have phoned the police if I _____________________ (see) anything strange.
6. Lara would get lost unless she _______________________ (have) a map.
7. John will feel embarrassed if he ____________________ (forget) his poem during the Christmas show.
8. I _________________________ (not talk) to him again if he hadn’t apologized to me.
9. I __________________________ (wear) something elegant if you came with me to the restaurant.
10. Dan __________________________ (not marry) Tina unless she had had money.

II. MATCH THE TWO HALVES OF THE SENTENCES:

1. If I have enough time, ….. a. I would have stayed more.


2. We would have missed the train …… b. if we hadn’t taken a cab.
3. We will miss the train ….. c. if she has apples.
4. If I had enough time ….. d. if it doesn’t rain.
5. If I had had enough time …. e. if they had time.
6. She will make an apple pie ….. f. I will see a film.
7. She would make an apple pie …. g. if she had known the recipe.
8. They will play tennis ….. h. if she had some help.
9. She would have made an apple pie ….. i. if we don’t take the bus.
10. They would play tennis …. j. I would visit you.

III. Underline the mistake and correct the sentences.

1. Vladimir would have visited the Tower of London if he went to London.


2. If we had used cars less, we would have more oxygen.
3. You would fail the exam unless you don’t learn properly.
4. If it snowed, we will go skiing.
5. Grandma would dug the garden if she had a spade.
6. Helen have bought us a drink if she had won the game.
7. They will arrive on time if there will be no accidents on the road.
8. If Paul wouldn’t have made fun of his brother, his mother would have bought him a computer game.
9. Paula wouldn’t go to the doctor, if I won’t go with her.
10. If I learn how to play chess, we played together.

IV. WRITE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS

1) If I __________ (have) lots of money, I ______________ (sail) round the world. (2)
2) If my sister __________________ (see) this puppy, she __________________ (love) it. (1)
3) If I ____________________ (pack) the suitcases myself, I ___________________ (leave) my swimsuit.
(3)
4) We ______________________ (sit) in the garden if the weather _________________ (be) nicer. (2)
5) _____________________________ (Fred / be) bored if you ______________ (take) him to the opera?
(3)
6) I ____________________________ (wait) for you outside the cinema if I _______________ (arrive)
early. (1)
7) Val and Cherie _________________ (move) if they _______________________ (find) a better house. (2)
8) I ______________________ (tell) him my name if he _____________ (ask). (3)
9) If the children ___________________ (want) to go to the zoo, ________________ (Dad /take) them? (1)
10) If the job ___________________ (be) interesting, ________________ (you/ work) for this company?
(2)

V. REPHRASE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES:

1. I don’t have a car. I wish I ____________________.


2. I can’t play the piano. I wish I ____________________.
3. I didn’t have time to read a lot of books. I wish ________________________.
4. It never stops raining here. I wish it ________________________.
5. Please, stop talking. I wish you ______________________.
6. I regret selling my old car. I wish I _______________________.
7. It would be so nice to have a house in the mountains. I wish we _______________________.
8. “Bob, leave your sister alone!” Mother wishes that Bob ________________________.
9. Jenna can’t swim. Jenna wishes she _______________________.
10. If only John hadn’t lied to me. I wish John ________________________.

VI. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER:

1. Alice didn’t get a good grade. She wishes she …… harder.


a) worked b) had worked c) could work
2. Tom likes football very much. He wishes he …… a professional football player.
a) became b) had become c) would become
3. He was running very fast when he had a heart attack. If only he …….. so fast.
a) didn’t run b) hadn’t run c) couldn’t run
4. She’s keen on computers. She wishes she ……. computer science next school year.
a) studied b) had studied c) have studied
5. I am sorry I don’t know how to use the computer. If only I ……. how to use it.
a) knew b) had known c) had knew
6. I stayed late at work and missed the last bus. I wish I …….. at work late.
a) didn’t stay b) hadn’t stayed c) wouldn’t stay
7. He didn’t pass the exam. If only he ……. hard.
a) worked b) had worked c) works
8. What a beautiful house. I wish I ……. a house like this.
a) had b) had had c) would have
9. It’s cold today. He wishes it ……. warmer.
a) were b) had been c) could be
10. That math problem seems very difficult. I wish I ……. help you.
a) helped b) had helped c) could help
Listening Activity: Simon Sinek: Who is he?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0GmcwVi7jo

During the Video

1. How do you stand out in the market place?

2. Why is apple different than other technology companies?

3. What are the 3 rings?

4. What does every company know?

5. What can’t most companies clearly state?

6. Tell me more about Apple marketing.

7. What should you do to the order of information?

8. Tell me about DELL and why they can’t sell.

9. How many parts of the brain are there in the video?

10. Why does Simon Sinek mention Dr. Martin Luther King?

After the video:


1. What did you think of the video?

2. What does ‘why’ mean to you?

3. We are talking about class president. How can this video help you get elected?
It is time for class president elections!
We need to elect one of our students to represent our class. What is important to our English class?
What does our class need? How can you help our class to be the best class ever? What are your goals?

1. You need a slogan! What is a slogan? _______________________________


a. Examples include:
i. For the teachers!
ii. For the Future!
iii. Let’s look at some previous presidential slogans online.
https://advergize.com/marketing/catchy-campaign-slogans-us-elections-presidential-
candidates/
b. What will your slogan be?______________________________________________
2. Now you need a speech to win the vote! Have you ever heard any really great speeches before? Tell
me what made the speech so great!
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. Let’s start the introduction. You want to introduce yourself and thank everyone for coming to listen.
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Next: Time to say why you want to be president. For example, ‘I believe in’ and ‘I am responsible.’
Don’t forget how and why.
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. Now comes the if clauses. You can use if clause type 1 or 2 for this. If I were elected president, I
would… or If you elect me president, I can/will……
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Now: How can you accomplish these goals? What is your plan to make all of this possible?
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7. FINALLY!!! End with your slogan!
a. ___________________________________________________________________________
Idioms:
1. To get on/off your soapbox-

2. Election fever-

3. Hot air-

4. To throw in the towel-

5. Talk until your blue in the face-

6. Has the cat got your tongue?-

7. Spit it out-

8. Talk in circles-

9. Tongue tied-

10. Gift of gab-

Phrasal Verbs:
1. Be spoken for-

2. Speak out of turn-

3. Speak well/ill of-

4. Speak up-

5. Speak out-

6. Ramble on-

7. Butt in-

8. Talk down to-

9. Come out with-

10. Blurt out-


Let’s talk about EDUCATION

Where do (did) you go to Do you plan to go to university? What is (was) your favourite
school? Do you think it is (was) (or: Did you go to university?) subject? Why do (did) you like
a good school? Explain. it?
What will (did) you study?

What are the qualities of a Once you graduate, should you Which are the best schools
good teacher? A good student? stop learning? Explain. and universities in your
country? Explain.
(e.g. A good teacher is patient.) How can you continue to learn?

How much homework or papers Is studying expensive in your Do you think it is easier to
do students need to do? How country? What are the costs? learn as a child or as an adult?
much free time do they have?
Do research and compare. Explain your view.

Does education guarantee a Which languages are taught in ‘I’d rather start making money
good job? school? Is it difficult to learn at 16 than continue studying.’
to speak them well? Explain.
Brainstorm and discuss. Do you agree? Discuss.

‘Most of what you learn in school is ‘You don’t need to go to school ‘Going to school is a complete
useless. Also, most teachers are to be smart. I can teach waste of time.’ Do you agree?
out of touch with the real world.’ myself.’ Do you agree?
Explain your views.
Do you agree? Discuss.

Which is more important: the Would you consider studying Are women encouraged to
skills you learn in school or in abroad? Where? Why? pursue an education? What
real life? Explain. jobs do they do? Talk about it.
Talk about it.
WHAT IS IT LIKE BEING A TEACHER?
Students will get real
Teachers must be prepared for students to open up their hearts, sharing 
their dreams and deepest fears. It may be
especially true with writing classes, but students do want to
 explore their feelings about all manner of issues,
including childhood
 experiences with abuse, social inequality, bullying, regrets about slights 
to family members or
fellow students, and even arrests and convictions. Teachers must be prepared to listen, offer their best opinions on
what and
 how to write, help the students work these issues out through writing and 
critical thinking, and direct them
to appropriate resources and
professionals for additional guidance.
The more experience you have, the better
For potential teachers, I always suggest that they have some kind of experience with children or adolescents before
they begin education course work. It is important to know that working with kids is something they want to do. For
future bilingual or ESL teachers, I would expect and, indeed, encourage future teachers to have a language learning
experience themselves in order to be sympathetic and even as vulnerable as the English Language Learners are. I also
encourage future teachers to get involved in community education activities so they will be connected and primed for
a teaching job when they graduate! It's also a good way to find out the districts' professional development focus,
philosophy, and accepted methods.
It’s extraordinarily rewarding
If you’ve ever heard “grown-ups” talking about their work being unfulfilling or boring or lacking purpose, you
will never experience that if you become a teacher! Each and every day, you will help more than you hurt, and you
will make young lives better. When your head hits the pillow at night, you will rest assured that you have made the
world a better place, heart to heart, human to human. Is it risky? Is it hard? Of course. It’s caring for young
people. But it is one of the most invigorating and fulfilling things one can
do with one’s life. And, to be clear, it is a life, a calling, not a job. If you’re
considering the teaching profession, you must already have a sense that you
would enjoy helping young people in their development. But how can you
know exactly whom to help and how? Research. This is about learning, after
all. Visit as many classrooms at as many grade levels in as many
environments as possible. Interview the teachers, the students, and the
administrators and balance what you learn with where your passions and
skills lie. Make a call to your favorite former teacher (or principal) today,
and get started.
It’s also extraordinarily hard
Teaching means that you have an emotional investment in making our
world better, and you use your skills and gifts to achieve that within your
own classroom. You see each student as unique, and you realize that his
gifts are special and deserve to be developed and celebrated. Teaching is a
tough but rewarding career. You earn every penny.
My advice to new teachers is to find, deep within yourself, the magnetic
aspects of your personality that will help kids connect with you. Not every teacher needs to be Tony Robbins, but they
do need qualities that encourage students to trust and believe in them. If you chose to teach because you can talk for
days about literature, because you enjoy sharing things you like with other people, and because you tend to be a happy
person who can bounce back after failure, then you’re on the right track. I know that new teachers feel anxious and
overwhelmed. Having a positive attitude and a proactive mindset will save you from many headaches. This might
sound a little sappy, I know. But think about it: Are good teachers the ones who dislike kids? Who find teenagers
annoying and dumb? Who are down on civilization? Heck, no. Those people need to get out of the profession, like,
right now.
Kindness, confidence, strategic thinking, and inner joy are the four factors that turn classrooms into places where kids
feel inspired, happy, and confident. Whether they remember minor details about the turtle’s symbolism in Chapter 3 of
The Grapes of Wrath doesn’t matter in life. Their confidence and joy for learning matters. I aim to be a dynamic,
inspired teacher. Students are drawn to enthusiasm and catch it. They appreciate passion and kindness and genuine
interest. Harness those things, and you will have a successful, rewarding career.
Change through learning
A teacher must be dedicated to the notion of change. The essence of education is to reveal the unknown by either
breaking a set and looking at something in a new way or building upon previous knowledge and experience to seek
greater understanding and truth. In either case the teacher is the instrument of change—defined as learning. Drawing
upon a constellation of acquired skills and techniques, the teacher creates the environment for learning to take place.
In addition to dedication to change, the teacher must embrace the importance of relationships with his or her students.
Without a genuine desire to build relationships, the arc of learning will be severely curtailed. Appreciating differences,
respecting the dignity of each student, and accepting responsibility that a student's failure to learn is the responsibility
of the teacher are the necessary building blocks of creating a teaching-learning relationships with students. The
greatest joy in teaching is to facilitate that “ah-ha!” moment when a student realizes that there is a new truth or
understanding that resulted from their interaction with their teacher.
The job doesn’t end when the bell rings
You take students from where they are now to where you want them to be. If you are a high school teacher, you
should be willing to help students after they graduate. I help students get internships and jobs, and I connect with
former students and athletes using LinkedIn. I usually get solicited for help quite frequently. I also created a LinkedIn
group for alumni of our high school that has been helpful for these former students. I believe teachers are role-models
for children. They should act and behave the way they expect their students to behave. Get to know your students.
They will work hard for you—and, really, themselves—if you genuinely care about them and show it.

QUESTIONS
1. What should teachers be prepared for? (not including normal class preparation)

2. How can a future teach gain experience before teaching?

3. If you’re considering teaching, what must you already have a sense of?

4. Why do they say that teaching is extraordinarily hard?

5. What is the author’s advice for new teachers?

6. What are students drawn to?

7. What is the greatest joy in teaching?

8. What does it mean when the author says that the job doesn’t end when the bell rings?

LISTENING- If teachers acted like students


Before the video:
1. Did you ever want to be a teacher?

2. What kinds of questions might students ask in school?

3. Have you ever asked the teacher for extra credit?

During the video:


1. What were some funny questions that the students asked?

2. What are some of the concerns that the teacher has?

3. What did the students forget to bring to class?

4. This video is meant to be funny. What makes it funny?

5. Do you think that this is normal for teachers? Why/why not?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vbW3pwwJ6xA&list=PLf1d-eZsANsf-
EN70fAu76cZUmL3rWQGy&index=17&t=0s
PERFECT MODALS
•missed opportunity

Could •suggestion wasn't taken



•action that almost happened

•expresses a past situation/probability if something happened in the


Would past

• It is now thought that a different action/decision was necessary at


the time

Should •Critisize

•Regret

May/Might •Something was possible in the past, but we are not sure

Must •Deduction: make a positive conclusion about the past.


Can't/Couldn't •Deduction: make a negative conclusion about the past.


Needn't •The opposite of should have. It wasn't necessary.



Exercises/ In other words
1) I am sure she lost the race.

2) Perhaps she will phone us sometime today.

3) Maybe the Rogers have been living here long.

4) I’m sure James won’t be seeing the boss tomorrow.

5) I’m sure Alan wasn’t driving recklessly.

6) Perhaps he had left before you called.

7) I’m sure she wasn’t lying to you.

8) It wasn’t necessary for him to give me the money back soon.( needn’t)

9) Perhaps she went to her uncle’s.

10) It’s forbidden to smoke in this building.

11) Why don’t you go to Canada for a holiday?

12) It isn’t necessary for you take the bus.

13) May I read your newspaper? ( mind)

14) Perhaps the car needs a new engine.

15) I’m sure Terry isn’t at the office.

16) You aren’t allowed to eat and drink in the classrooms.

17) It is obligatory for us to be punctual.

18) It wasn’t necessary for John to attend the seminar, so he didn’t.

19) I strongly advise you to see a doctor as soon as possible.

20) They managed to get to the theatre in time despite the heavy traffic.

21) Do you mind if I take the rest of the day off?

22) Emily managed to reach the top shelf even though she didn’t have a ladder.

23) I’m sure Peter misunderstood my instructions.

24) It’s forbidden to copy files without the manager’s permission.

25) I’m sure she is looking for a new house.


Speaking Game: The Shame and Deduction Ball Toss
Students must write 3 examples in the past for shame and 3 examples for deduction.
Example:
Student 1: ‘’I lost weight’’
Student 2: ‘’Deduction’’
Student 3: ‘’You must have dieted’’

__________________________________
_1________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
_2________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
_3________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

__________________________________
_1________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
_2________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
_3________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________

Which was your favorite?

The funniest?

The nicest?

The meanest?
Mini Lesson:
You must plan a minimum of 5 minutes. It can be about any grammar or ESL point.
You must prepare a PowerPoint or some visual aid for the class to follow.
Pick something that you are :D excited :D about. Here are some options:

Any tense: present, past, future Going to a restaurant/Cafe


Phrasal Verbs or Collocations Giving Directions
ED-ING Adjectives Going to the hospital
Opposite Adjectives Checking in for flight/hotel
TAG QUESTIONS Cultural Day

MY LESSON_________________________________
Objectives-Topic

Vocabulary

Materials that you will Worksheet? PowerPoint?


use.

Process Warm up:

Teach:

End:

Test Knowledge How did the students practice?

AFTER THE LESSON:


How did it go? Use the 4 modals below to talk about your lesson.
EX: The students must have enjoyed the lesson because they all participated well/ I could have added more practice.
Must Have

Could Have

Should Have

Couldn’t Have
Idioms:
1. Teacher’s pet-

2. You can’t teach an old dog new tricks-

3. You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make them drink-

4. Tricks of the trade-

5. Do as I say, not as I do-

6. Take it from me-

7. A for effort-

8. Easy as ABC-

9. To be a bookworm-

10. Play hooky-

Phrasal Verbs:
1. Sign up (for)-

2. Show up-

3. Take out-

4. Put away-

5. Put up with-

6. Give up-

7. Go over-

8. Figure out-

9. Come up with-

10. Turn in-


Are you passionate about Do you feel bad after you Would you describe yourself
your beliefs? have an argument? as an argumentative person?

Do you get along Do you at times enjoy Have you ever taken part in a
argumentative people? "playing the devil's debate? Did you have to
advocate" (debating for the defend an opinion that wasn't
fun of it)? your own? If so, was it easy?
Did it make you re-evaluate
your own views?
Do you steer clear of some Are hand gestures useful in Do you think it's
touchy topics or do you get a an argument? disrespectful to argue with
kick out of provoking others? your elders?

How do you feel when How do you grab someone's Do you think it's
someone disagrees with attention when you're disrespectful to argue with
everything you have to say? making a point? What can your elders?
you do to lose it?

What do you say when How do you avoid What are some reason why
someone is being arguments? people argue?
condescending?
Three Tips for a Successful Debate or Presentation
There is much anticipation surrounding this election season's first presidential debate. It's each
candidate's opportunity to present their ideas to a wide audience and persuade viewers of their
positions. Similarly in a business presentation, a presenter must win over the audience and clearly
communicate his point of view in a way that causes the audience to take action.

Here are a few tips to make a debate or presentation a successful event:

1. Know your subject. To be convincing as an authority on your subject and to be able to speak
astutely, you should have an in-depth understanding of the topic and think on your feet. In a
debate questions may come from the mediator or opponent, and in a business presentation a
skeptical audience could confront you with a rigorous Q&A session. Knowing "your stuff" will
make you prepared for anything that comes at you. But, knowing your arguments is just the half of
it. You must also be able to combat the opposition with sound arguments. To be able to do that, it's
important that you understand the other side's position. Your audience's opinions may also differ
from yours, so you are not only countering your competition's point of view, you are also trying to
convince the audience that your arguments are stronger and sounder.

2. Mind your actions. At any speaking event or meeting, all eyes are on you. You are not only
being judged on what you say but also on your demeanor. Be mindful of your composure, avoid
slouching or leaning. Pay attention to non-verbal reactions to your opponent's statement ‒ an eye
roll or pursed lips could come across as rude or antagonistic. And be aware that even when you are
not speaking, you are still being watched!

3. Hold your composure. The goal of your speech or presentation is to give the audience the
opportunity to hear your thoughts, comprehend your message, and act upon them. In a highly
stressful, heated setting, it is easy to get caught up in the emotion of the moment. But raising your
voice or getting upset will not benefit your cause. Instead, keep collected even if your opponent or
audience is trying to draw you into a shouting match. You will earn more respect for being calm
and able to express your thoughts in a composed manner.

One of the things that make the presidential debates unique in comparison to most presentations
is the lack of visual aids ‒ don’t try to mimic this exclusion. Visual aids complement what you are
saying to help convey your message. And, most importantly, they are processed much faster than
words and are easier to remember.

With any debate or presentation, keep in mind that your goal is to persuade your audience that
you, or your company and its products and services, are the right choice. Mastering your subject to
cogently formulate your thoughts and arguments will help you communicate your value statements
and position in contrast to the competition. When the audience understands your message, they
are more likely to accept and retain your position, leading them to take action. To convincingly
establish your authority and expertise on the subject, stay mindful of your composure and actions.

Best of luck to tonight's debaters and keep these tips handy for your next presentation!

1. What is most important from this article?

2. What does composure mean?

3. What can compliment you in a presentation?

4. What is a Q&A session?


Debating Listening Activity- Floris Holstege

During the Video


1. What does debating teach you?

2. Who is he? What year is he in at university?

3. What exactly is debating?

4. Is confidence important for debating?

5. What do you need to overcome for debates?

6. How else did debating help him? (outside of the debate)

7. What was wrong during his big world competition?

8. Is debating useful outside of the debate?

After the Video


1. What did you think about his advice?

2. Have you ever debated?

3. Does this video make you want to try debating for fun?

4. Why is a debate different from arguing?


Respond to these questions using I don't know...

1- How old is Kate?

2- Where did Juan go?

3- Why did Maria leave?

4- What did she say?

5- When is she going to leave?

6- What country is Maria from?

7- What is that girl's name?


Complete the following with your own words. Use noun clauses.

1- I feel that ----

2- I wonder if -----

3- You are lucky that -----

4- It is a fact that ------

5- I doubt whether --------

6- I am worried that ------

7- I don't know when ------

8- I don't know if -------

9- I regret that -------

10- I am amazed that -------

Let’s Make Some Examples For a Debate? What might you say?
1. Whether…

2. Do you know what…

3. I don’t know if…

4. I don’t know how…

5. Can you explain…

6. I am positive that…
Idioms:
11. Shame on you-

12. Fool me once, shame on you. Fool me twice, shame on me-

13. Speak of the devil-

14. To play devil’s advocate-

15. To hit the nail on the head-

16. Battle of wills-

17. A bone to pick-

18. To bury the hatchet-

19. To call someone’s bluff-

20. Get off my back-

Phrasal Verbs:
11. Lay into-

12. Lash out-

13. Boil over (idiom meaning)-

14. Rise above-

15. Fall out with-

16. Brewing up between-

17. Have it out-

18. Square off-

19. Argue/Debate with-

20. Can’t argue with (something)-


Let’s talk about WORK

What do you do? What’s your father’s job? What does your mother do?
What time does she finish
Do you enjoy being a (…) ? What time does he start
work?
work?
Why?
What would you like to be? Which jobs pay well? In which jobs do you have to
Why? wear a uniform?
Give minimum 3 examples.
Give minimum 3 examples.

Would you prefer a job that Do you prefer working Name 3 outdoor jobs.
pays well or a job you enjoy? indoors or outdoors? Why?
Would you like to do any of
Explain.
them?

What kind of office work Do you think being a singer In which jobs do you need
does a secretary do? is a hard job? to work evenings and
weekends?
Explain why.

Which job would you never What three things are most If you could have your own
want to do? important for you in a job? business, what would it be?

Why?

In your opinion, what is the Who in your family or among Do you think professional
most boring job in the your friends has the most sports player are overpaid?
world? interesting job? Explain.
Explain.
Reading: A Starbucks Job Posting

Questions:
1. Where is Starbucks from?

2. What is the store manager’s responsibility?

3. What is the most important requirement in your opinion?

4. What does salary package and benefits mean? What might the benefits be?

5. Seeing this ad, what making you want to apply for the job?
Interview with an Applicant

During the Listening:

1. Was she overqualified or under qualified?

2. Does she get the job?

3. What happens after she gets the job?

4. The second time, did she take the job?

5. What does the interviewee ask for?

6. What happens in the end?

7. Is this a good or a bad interview?

Post Listening:
What are some good interview questions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7W_qrc-TkR8
It is used to refer to people

Example: The man who works at the


Post Office is very kind.

It is used to refer to animals and


objects

Example: Tina has a bunch of flowers


which his friend bought.

It is used to refer to possession

Example: Whose is that dictionary?

Have you seen the girl whose father


di d
It is used to refer to people, animals,

It can replace WHO or WHICH

Example: The blue jacket that she is


putting on belongs to her friend.

It used to refer to places

The hotel where we slept was excellent

It is used to refer to time

That was the day when my sister was


born

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE WHEN/WHERE/WHICH/WHO/WHOSE

1.-A couch is a person …………. helps you train.

2.-That’s the politician ……….. daughter got married in Miami.

3.-A court is a place …………. people play tennis.

4.-That is the race ……………. millions of people watch.

5.-1992 is the year ………… the Olympics were held in Barcelona.

6.- I have a friend ……………. father is working in the local hospital

7.-You will never forget the day …………. you were born.
1.- David Beckham is a name where is known all over the world.

2.-That gentleman is reading a newspaper who is written in German.

3.-Roxanne is the little girl whose lives in the house next to mine.

4.-Richard Williams is the man who daughters are famous tennis players.

5.-Is that the place when the accident happened last week?

6.-Athletes whose take drugs will be disqualified immediately.

7.-Skydiving is a sport who is extremely dangerous.

8.-It’s forbidden to feed the animals who are in the zoo.

9.-The queen doesn’t like dogs who come from other countries.

10.-The referee is the man which decides if a player is given a red card.

11.-Philip is an excellent cook whose prepares delicious dishes at the hotel.

12.-My sister which loves cycling, is a very active person.

13.-Hockey is a game who you play with a stick.

14.-The girl which cried so loudly, was taken to the doctor yesterday.

15.- Leonardo is the actor which acted in Titanic with Kate Winslet.

16.- The robber which the police arrested was very short.

17.-The new stadium who is being built is very modern.

18.-Martin was taken to the hospital who was near his house.

19.-The shoes who my sister wears are very expensive.

20.-Judo is an Olympic game which isn’t taught in my school.

21.-Did you read the headlines who were on The Times yesterday?

22.-Jennifer lives in Lisbon who I would like to visit soon.

23.-Jennifer whose is working in Amsterdam is my best friend.


Questions to prepare for:
1. Tell me about yourself.

TIP: The most often asked question in interviews. Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate
to the position you are interviewing for.

2. Why did you leave your last job?

Never complain of supervisors, co-workers or the organization. Keep smiling and talk about leaving for a positive
reason such as a great opportunity.

3. What experience do you have in this field?

Talk about specifics that are relevant to the position. In case of little relevant experience, get as close as you can

4. What do you know about this organization?

Do some research on the organization before the interview. What are the current issues and who are the major players?

5. Why do you want to work for this organization?

This should be based on the research you have done on the organization. Sincerity is extremely

important here.

6. What have you done to improve your knowledge in the last year?

Have some positive self-improvement activities handy to mention.

7. What kind of salary are you looking to get?

A nasty little game that you will probably lose if you answer first. So, do not answer it. Instead, say something like,
“That’s a tough question. Can you tell me the range for this position?” If there’s no way out of showing your cards,
say that it depends on the details of the job, and give a wide range.

8. Are you a team player?

Of course, you are a team player. Be sure to have examples ready to give good evidence of your team attitude.

9. Have you ever had to fire anyone? How did you feel about that?

You will do it when it is the right thing to do. You will protect the organization when an individual has created a
harmful situation.

10. Tell me about your ability to work under pressure.

You thrive under certain types of pressure. Give an example.

11. Explain how you would be an asset (=a useful tool) to this organization

Highlight your best points as they relate to the position being discussed.

12. Why should we hire you?

Point out how your assets meet what the organization needs.
Idioms:
21. To balance the books-

22. To cook the books-

23. Jack/Jill of all trades-

24. Ball park figure-

25. Cash cow-

26. Dead end job-

27. For the long haul-

28. To cut corners-

29. Burning the midnight oil-

30. It’s not rocket science-

Phrasal Verbs:
21. Carry out-

22. Take over-

23. Take on-

24. Lay off-

25. To get down to business-

26. Call off-

27. Slack off-

28. Work on-

29. Work through-

30. Work over time (OT)-


6
Curriculum Vitae
Personal information
First name(s) / Last name(s)
Address(es)
Telephone(s) Mobile:
E-mail

Nationality

Date of birth

Gender

Desired employment /
Occupational field

Work experience
Dates
(starting from the most recent)
Occupation or position held
Main activities and responsibilities
Name and address of employer
Type of business or sector

Work experience
Dates
(starting from the most recent)
Occupation or position held
Main activities and responsibilities
Name and address of employer
Type of business or sector

Education and training


Dates
Title of qualification awarded
Principal subjects/occupational skills
covered
Name and type of institution
Level in national or international
classification

Education and training


Dates
Title of qualification awarded
Principal subjects/occupational skills
covered
Name and type of institution
Level in national or international
classification
Look for a job online in your field.
What job did you find?
_________________________________________________________________________
Go to the company website and do some research over that company.
What did you learn?
_________________________________________________________________________
Now write a cover letter for a job that you found online (add 3 relative clauses):

_________________________(company name)_ ,
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Sincerely,

________________________________

THIS IS YOUR FINAL EXAM WRITING QUESTION. Tear this out of the packet
and turn in this and the CV on or before the exam day!

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