Generic Brand Classificat Indication Action Adverse reaction Contraindica Nursing

Name Name ion &dosage tion responsibilities

1. Lactulose Cephula Gastrointes Prevention and Reduces blood GI:Flatulence, Low galactose -in children if the initial
c tinal agent; treatment of ammonia; appears borborygmi, belching, diet; dose causes diarrhea,
Hyperosmo portal- systemic to involve abdominal cramps, pregnancy. dosage is reduced
tic Laxative encephalopathy metabolism of pain, and distention, immediately.
Adult: PO 30- lactose to organic diarrhea, nausea and Discontinue if diarrhea
45mL t.i.d. acids by resident vomiting. persists.
Child: PO 40- intestinal bacteria. -do not self medicate
90ml/d with another laxative
Infant: PO 2.5- due to slow onset of
10ml/d drug action.
-do not breast feed
while taking this drug
w/o consulting
physician.
2. Ranitidine Zantac Gastrointes Duodenal Ulcer, Potent anti-ulcer CNS:Headache, Ranitidine -Adhere to schedule
tinal agent; gastric ulcer, drug that malaise, dizziness, injection is periodic laboratory
Antisecreto gastroesophage competitively and somnolence, contraindicate checkups during
ry d reflux. reversibly inhibits insomnia, vertigo, d for patients ranitidine treatment.
Adult: PO 150 histamine action, mental confusion, known to -Be aware that even if
mg b.i.d thus blocking agitation, depression, have symptomatic relief is
Child:PO 4- gastric acid hallucinations on hypersensitivi provided by ranitidine,
5mg/kg/d secretion. older adults. ty to the drug. this should not be
Infants:PO Indirectly reduces CV: Bradicardia interpreted as absence
<2wk, 2mg/kg/d pepsin secretion GI:Constipation.nause of gastric malignancy.
but appears to a,abdominal Follow-up examinations
have minimal pain,diarrhea will be scheduled after
effect on fasting Skin: Rash theraphy is
and postprandial discontinued.
serum gastrin
concentrarion.
3.Mannitol Osmitrol Electrolytic Acute kidney In large doses, CNS: Headache, Shock, Severe Monitor vital signs.
and water failure increases rate of tremor, convulsions, dehydration, Report significant
balance Adult: IV Test electrolyte dizziness history of changes in BP and signs
agent. Dose 0.2g/kg. excretion by the CV:Edema, CHF, allergy; of CHF.
Treatment kidney, hypotension, pregnancy Monitor for possible
50-100g particularly hypertension. indications of fluid and
Child:IV Test sodium, chloride, Eye: Blurred vision electrolyte imbalance.
Dose 200mg/kg and potassium GI: Dry mouth,
Maintenance nausea, vomniting
0.25-0.5g/kg q4-
6h
4. Dopamine Dopasta Autonomic Shock Naturally occurring CV: Ectopic beats, Hypersensitivi -Monitor BP, pulse,
t Nervous Adult/child: IV 2- neurotransmitter tachycardia, anginal ty to sulfites; peripheral pulses, and
System 5mcgg/kg/min. and immediate pain, palpitation, pheochromoc urinary output at
Agent. Renal Failure precursor of hypotension, ytoma; intervals prescribed by
Adult: IV 2- norepinephrine. vasoconstriction ventricular physician.
5mcg/kg/min. CNS: Headache fibrillation -Report the ff indicators
GI: Nausea and promptly to physician
vomiting for use in decreasing or
Respiratory: Dyspnea temporarily suspending
dose.
-monitor therapeutic
effectiveness.
5.Clopidogrel Plavix Blood Secondary Inhibits platelet Body as a whole: Hypersensitivi Monitor for and
formers, Prevention. aggregation by fatigue, pain, back ty to immediately report S&S
coagulator Adult:PO 75 mg selectively pain. clopidogerl; of GI bleeding.
s, and q.d preventing the CV: chest pain, intracranial Evaluate patients with
 anticoagul binding of edema, hypertension. hemorrhage, unexplained fever or
ants; adenosine GI:Abdominal pain, peptic ulcer, infection for
antiplatelet diphosphate to its dyspepsia,diarrhea,n any other myelotoxicity.
agent. platelet receptor. ausea. active Report promptly any
CNS: Headache, pathologic unusual bleeding.
dizziness,depression. bleeding. Do not breast feed
while taking this drug.

6. Epinephrine Adrenali Autonomic anaphylaxis Naturally occurring CV: Angina, cardiac Hypersensitivi Monitor BP, pulse,
n Nervous Adult: SC 0.1- catecholamine arrhythmia, chest ty to respirations, and
system 0.5ml of 1:1000 obtained from pain, flushing, epinephrine or urinary output.
Agent; q10-15min prn animal adrenal hypertension, any Keep physician
bronchodil Child IV 0.01 glands; acts increased myocardial component of informed of any
ator ml/kg of 1;1000 directly on both oxygen consumption, the changes in intake-
q 10-15m alpha and beta pallor, palpitation, formulation; output ratio.
receptors; the sudden death, cardiac Advise patient to report
most potent tachycardia arrhythmias; to physician if
activator of alpha (parenteral), angle-closure symptoms are not
receptor; CNS: Anxiety, glaucoma relieved in 20 mins.
increases systolic dizziness, headache,
but may decrease insomnia,
diastolic blood lightheadedness,
pressure; nervousness,
increases cardiac restlessness
rate. GI: Dry throat,
nausea,
vomiting, xerostomia.

7.Furosemide Furomid Electrolytic Hypertension Rapid-acting CV: Postural History of Monitor BP during
e and water Adult: PO 10–40 potent sulforamide hypotension, hypersensitivi periods of diuresis and
 balance mg b.i.d. and dizziness with ty to through period of
agent Edema antihyperstensive excessive diuresis, furosemide or dosage adjustment.
Adult: PO 20–80 with acute hypotensive sulfonamides; Observe patients
mg in 1 or more pharmacologic episodes, circulatory increasing receiving parenteral
divided doses effects and uses collapse. oliguria, drug carefully; closely
up to 600 mg/d almost identical to GI: Nausea, vomiting, anuria, fluid monitor BP and vital
if needed IV/IM those of oral and gastric and signs. Sudden death
20–40 mg in 1 ethacrynic acid. burning, anorexia, electrolyte from cardiac arrest has
or more divided diarrhea, depletion been reported.
doses up to 600 constipation, states; Observe older adults
mg/d abdominal cramping, hepatic coma; closely during period of
Child: PO 2 acute pancreatitis, pregnancy. brisk diuresis. Sudden
mg/kg, may be jaundice. alteration in fluid and
increased by 1– electrolyte balance may
2 mg/kg q6–8h precipitate significant
adverse reactions.
Report symptoms to
physician.

8. Clonidine Catapre cardiovasc Hypertension Centrally acting CV: Hypotension, Pregnancy -Monitor BR closely.
s ular agent; Adult: PO 0.1 antiadrenergic postural hypotension, (category C), Determine positional
central- mg b.i.d. derivative. peripheral edema, lactation. Use changes (supine,
acting Child: PO 5–10 Stimulates alpha2- ECG changes, of clonidine sitting, standing).
antihyperte mcg/kg/d adrenergic tachycardia, patch in -With epidural
nsive; divided q8–12h. receptors in CNS bradycardia, flushing, polyarteritis administration,
analgesic Severe Pain to inhibit rapid increase in BP nodosa, frequently monitor BP
Adult: Epidural sympathetic with abrupt scleroderma, and HR. Hypotension is
start infusion at vasomotor withdrawal. SLE a common side effect
30 mcg/h and centers. Central GI: Dry mouth, that may require
titrate to actions reduce constipation, intervention.
response. plasma abdominal pain, -Monitor BP closely
concentrations of pseudo-obstruction of whenever a drug is
norepinephrine. It large bowel, altered added to or withdrawn
 decreases systolic taste, nausea, from therapeutic
and diastolic BP vomiting, hepatitis, regimen.
and heart rate. weight gain. CNS:
Orthostatic effects Drowsiness, sedation,
tend to be mild dizziness, headache,
and occur fatigue, weakness,
infrequently. Also sluggishness,
inhibits renin dyspnea, vivid
release from dreams, nightmares,
kidneys. insomnia

9.Rifampicin rifadin Antiinfectiv Pulmonary Inhibits DNA- CNS: Fatigue, Hypersensitivi Maintain required
e; Tuberculosis dependent RNA drowsiness, ty to rifampin; anticoagulant activity
Antibiotic; Adult: PO/IV 600 polymerase headache, confuson, Obstructive when patien is also
anti mg once/d activity in dizziness. biliary receiving an
tuberculosi Child: PO 10-20 susceptible GI: Heartburn, disease; anticoagulant.
s agent. mg/kg/d bacterial cells, epigastric distress, meningococca Do not interrupt
thereby nausea, vomiting, l disease. prescribed dosage
suppressing RNA anorexia. regimen.
synthesis. Respiratory: Report onset of
Hemoptysis. jaundice.

10. Enalapril vasotec Cardiovasc Hypertension: Angiotensin- CV: Hypotension Hypersensitivi Monitor for therapeutic
ular agent; Initial: 0.08 converting (0.9% to 7%), chest ty to enalapril effectiveness.
antihyperte mg/kg/d (up to 5 enzyme anhibitor. pain (2%), syncope or enalaprilat; Maintain bedrest and
nsive. mg) in 1-2 ACE inhibitors (0.5% to 2%), angioedema monitor BP for the first
divided doses reduce peripheral orthostasis (2%), related to 3h after the initial IV
Congestive arterial resistance, orthostatic previous dose.
heart failure: pulmonary hypotension (2%) treatment Report transient
Initial oral doses capillary wedge CNS: Headache (2% with an ACE hypotension with
 of enalapril: 0.1 pressure, a to 5%), dizziness (4% inhibitor; lightheadedness.
mg/kg/day measure of to 8%), fatigue (2% to hereditary
preload, 3%) angioedema
pulmonary Skin: Rash (2%)
vascular GI: Abnormal taste,
resistance, and abdominal pain,
improve cardiac vomiting, nausea,
output as well as diarrhea, anorexia,
exercise tolerance. constipation
11.Losartan cozaar Cardiovasc Hypertension Angiotensin II CNS: dizziness, Hypersensitivi Monitor BP
ular agent; Adult: PO 25-50 receptor insomnia, headache. ty to losartan, Monitor drug
angiotensin mg in 1-2 antagonist acts as GI: Diarrhea, pregnancy,lac effectiveness.
II receptor divided doses. a potent dyspepsia. tation. Notify physician of
antagonist. vasonconstrictor Muscuskeletal: symptoms of
and primary Muscle crumps, hypotension.
vasoactive myaglia. Notify physician
hormone of the Respiratory: Nasal immediately of
rennin- congestion, cough, pregnancy.
angiotensin- upper respiratory
aldosterone infection, sinusitis.
system.
12. Thorazin Central Psychotic Directly depresses CV: Hypotension, Hypersensitivi Establish baseline BP
Chlorpromazin e nervous disorders, the heart; may palpitation, ty to Monitor BP frequently.
e system agitation. increae coronary tachycardia. phenothiazine Monitor cardiac status
agent; Adult:PO 25-200 clood flow. GI: Dry mouth; derivatives. w/ baseline ECG.
psychother mg t.i.d. Decrease constipation, Observe and record
apeutic. Child: PO psychotic cholastic jaundice, smoking,
Antipsycho 0.55mg/kg q4- symptoms. aggraviation of peptic Be alert to complaints if
tic 6h prn up to ulcer. diminished visual
500mg/d CNS: Drowsiness, acuity, reduced night
dizziness, vision.
restlessness.
13. Haldol, Central Acute problems: Potent, long-acting CNS: Insomnia, comatose Monitor for therapeutic
Haloperidol peridol nervous single doses of 1 butyrophenone restlessness, anxiety, states from effectiveness.
system mg to 5 mg (up derivative w/ euphoria, agitation, any cause and Monitor patien’s mental
agent; to 10 mg) oral pharmacologic drowsiness, in individuals status daily.
psychother or i.m. actions similar to depression, lethargy, who are Monitor for extra
apeutic. Chronic those of headache, confusion. hypersensitive pyramidal reactions.
conditions: 0.5 piperazine GI: Anorexia, to this drug or Be alert for behavioral
to 20 mg daily phenothiazines. constipation, have changes in patients who
oral, rarely diarrhea, Parkinson's are concurrently
more. hypersalivation, receiving antiparkinson
dyspepsia, nausea drugs.
and vomiting.
14.Diazepam Diastat CENTRAL Anxiety, Muscle Psychotherapeutic CNS: Drowsiness, Injectable Monitor for adverse
NERVOUS Spasm, agent related to fatigue, ataxia, form: Shock, reactions. Most are
SYSTEM Convulsions, chlordiazepoxide; confusion, paradoxic coma, acute dose related. Physician
AGENT; Alcohol reportedly rage, dizziness, alcohol will rely on accurate
BENZODIA Withdrawal superior in vertigo, amnesia, intoxication, observation and reports
ZEPINE Adult: PO 2–10 antianxiety and vivid dreams, depressed of patient response to
ANTICONV mg b.i.d. to anticonvulsant headache, slurred vital signs, the drug to determine
ULSANT; q.i.d. or 15–30 activity, with speech, tremor; EEG obstetrical lowest effective
ANXIOLYTI mg/d sustained somewhat shorter changes, tardive patients, maintenance dose.
C release IV/IM 2– duration of action. dyskinesia. infants <30 d Monitor for therapeutic
10 mg, repeat if Like CV: Hypotension, of age. effectiveness. Maximum
needed in 3–4 h chlordiazepoxide, tachycardia, edema, effect may require 1–2
Geriatric: PO 1–2 it appears to act at cardiovascular wk; patient tolerance to
mg 1–2 times/d both limbic and collapse. therapeutic effects may
(max: 10 mg/d) subcortical levels GI: Xerostomia, develop after 4 wk of
Child: PO >6 of CNS. nausea, constipation, treatment.
mo, 1–2.5 mg hepatic dysfunction.
b.i.d. or t.i.d.
15.Aspirin Astrin, Central Arthritic Associated CNS: Dizziness, Hypersensitivi Monitor for loss of
cosprin nervous conditions: primarily w/ comfusion, ty to tolerance to aspirin.
system Adult: PO 3.6- inhibiting the drowsiness. salicilates Monitor for salicylate
agent; 5.4 g/d formation of GI: Nausea, vomiting, including toxicity.
analgesic. Child: PO 80- prostaglandins diarrhea, anorexia, methyl
100mg/kg/d involved in the heartburn, stomach salicylate.
production of pains.
inflammation and Skin:Easy bruising.
fever
16.Heparin Hepalea Blood Open heart Strongly acidic, GI: Increased AST Severe Monitor APTT levels
n formers. surgery: high molecular Hematologic: thrombocytop closely.
Adult: IV 150- weight. Spontaneous enia. Draw blood fgor
300 U/kg bleeding. Hypersensitivi coagulation test 30 min.
ty to hepain. before each scheduled
SC.
Monitor vital signs.
17.Metformin Glucoph Hormone Type 2 Diabetes Mechanism of CNS: headache, Hypersensitivi Monitor known or
age and mellitus: action is thought dizziness, agitation, ty to suspected alcoholics
synthetic Adult: PO start to be due to both fatigue. metformin. carefully for decreased
substitute. w/ 500mg q.d. increasing the GI: nausea, vomiting, liver function.
to t.i.d. binding of insulin abdominal pain. Monitor
to its receptor and cardiopulmonary status
potentiating throughout course of
insulin action. therapy.
18.Allopurinol Axert Antigout Renal Reduces CNS: drowsiness, Hypersensitivi Monitor for therapeutic
agent impairment: endogenous uric headache, vertigo. ty to effectiveness which is
80ml/min: acid. GI: Nausea, vomiting, allopurinol indicated by normal
250mg/d diarrhea, abdominal serum.
discomfort. Report onset of rash.

19.Streptomy Strepto Antiinfectiv Tuberculosis Rapid emergence CNS: Paresthesias contraindicate Lab tests: Obtain C&S
acin mycin e IM 15mg/kg up of resistant strains GI: Stomatitis, d in any test prior to and during
 to 1 g/d as when used alone. hepatotoxicity. patient who course of therapy.
single dose. has or is Monitor I&O ratio.
suspected of
having a
paralytic ileus.

20.Morphine Duramo Central Pain relief: Natural opium CNS: euphoria, Hypersensitivi Obtain baseline
sulfate rph nervous PO 10-30mg q4h alkaloid with insomnia, ty to opiates. respiratory rate, depth
system prn agonist activity by disorientation, visual and rhythm.
agent. binding with the disturbance. Observe patient closely
same receptors s CV: Bradycardia. to be certain pain relief
endogenous opioid GI: Constipation. is achieved.
peptides. Monitor for respiratory
depression.

21.methergin
e
22.Paracetam Biogesic Anti-pyretic Adults and Hematologic: Contraindicat Use liquid form for
ol children 500- hemolytic anemia, ed in patients children and
1000 mg orally neutropenia, hypersensitive patients who have
every 4-6 hours leucopenia, to drug. difficulty
pancytopenia. swallowing.
Hepatic: Jaundice In children, don’t
Metabolic: exceed five doses
Hypoglycemia in 24 hours.
Skin: rash, urticaria. Advise patient that drug
is only for
short term use and to
consult the
physician if giving to
children for
longer than 5 days or
adults for
 longer than 10 days.
Advise patient or
caregiver that
many over the counter
products
contain acetaminophen;
be aware
of this when calculating
total daily
dose.

23. Lithium Lithobid, Central Maintenance Behaves in the CNS: dizziness, Significant Monitor response to
lithonat nervous dose: body much like headache, lethargy, cardiovascular drug.
e system 300mg t.i.d. the sodium ion. drowsiness. or kidney Monitor lithium level
agent. CV: Hypotension. disease, brain Monitor for S&S of
GI: Nausea, vomiting, damage. lithium toxicity.
diarrhea. Report early signs of
extrapyramidal
reactions promptly.

24.Metronidaz Metroge Antiinfectiv Amebiasis Antibacterial CNS: vertigo, Blood Monitor patients on
ole l, e; Adult:PO 500- activity against headache, confusion, dyscrasias; lithium for elevated
metizole antibiotic. 750mg t.i.d. anaerobic bacteria irritability, active CNS lithium levels.
Child: PO 35- depression, disease, Report appearance of
50mg/kg/d restlessness. pregnancy. candidasis or its
GI: Nausea, vomiting, becoming more
anorexia. prominent.
CV: ECG changes
25.Mebendazo Vermox Antiinfectiv Enterobiasis inhibits the GI: abdominal pain or contraindicate Initiate second course
le e PO 100 mg as formation of the upset; diarrhea; d in persons of treatment if cure
single dose worms' nausea or vomiting. who have does not occur within
microtubules and shown 3wk.
 causes the worms' hypersensitivi Examine and treat all
glucose depletion. ty to the drug. family mem.
Simultaneously because
pin worms are readily
transmitted from
person to person.
26. Regular Velosuli Hormone Diabetes Short-acting, clear, CNS: with overdose, Hypersensitivi Notify physician
insulin n and Mellitus colorless solution psychic disturbance ty to insulin promptly for presence
synthetic SC 5-10U 15-30 of exogenous Skin: animal of acetone with sugar in
substitute; min a.c. and h.s. unmodified insulin lymphadenopathy protein. the urine.
antidiabeti extracted from Monitor hypoglycemia.
c agent. beta cells in pork Check BP.
pancreas.
27.Acetylcyst Airbron, Skin and Mucolytis Disrupting CNS: dizziness, Hypersensitivi Monitor S&S of
eine mucomy mucous Adult: Inhalation disulfide linkages. drowsiness. ty to aspiration of excess
st, membrane 1-10 ml of 20% GI: Nausea, vomiting, acetylcysteine secretions.
mucosol agent. solution q4-6h stomatitis, , patiewns at Have suction apparatus
Child: 3-5ml of hepatotoxicity risk of gastric immediately available.
20% solution. Respiratory: hemorrhage. Instruct patient to
Bronchospasm, report difficulty with
rhinorrhea, burning clearing the airway.
sensation in the
upper passages,
epistaxis.

28. lanoxin
29.Ciprofloxac Cipro, Antiinfectiv UTI: Synthetic GI: Nausea, vomiting, Hypersensitivi Monitor urine pH; it
in cipro IV e. Adult: PO quinolone that is a diarrhea, cramps. ty to drug, should not be less than
250mg q12h. broad spectrum CNS: headache, pregnancy, 6.8.
Moderate to bactericidal agent. vertigo, malaise, lactation. Monitor plasma
severe systemic Inhibits DNA- seizures theophylline
infection: gyrase, an enzyme Skin: rash, phlebitis, concentrations.
 PO 500-750mg necessary for pain, burning, Assess for S&S of GI
q12h. bacterial DNA pruritus. irritation
replication and Monitor PT and INR.
some aspects of
transcription,
repair,
recombination
30.Phenytoin Dilantin- Central Anticonvulsant Inhibits seizure CNS: drowsiness, Hypersensitivi Continuously monitor
125, nervous PO 15-18 mg/kg activity. In dizziness, mental ty to vital signs.
dilantin- system or 1g loading abnormal tissue confusion, tremors hydantoin Observe patient closely
30 agent. dose. causes slight CV: bradycardia, products; for neurologic adverse
pediatri increase in AV hypotension. rash; seizures effects.
c. conduction GI: gingival due to Check periodically for
velocity depressed hyperplasia, nausea, hypoglycemia. decrease in serum
by digitalis vomiting, calcium levels.
glycoside. constipation.
PHARMACOLOGY

DRUG STUDY
By: Novel Jay Equiña
BSN 3-H