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New Direct Resilient Relining Material of Denture Base

Article  in  International Medical Journal (1994) · April 2018

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 International Medical Journal Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 125 - 127 , April 2018 125
SHORT COMMUNICATION

New Direct Resilient Relining Material of Denture Base

Ibrahim Alfahdawi

ABSTRACT
Objective: Residual ridges change in shape and reduce in size because of alveolar bone resorption.
Purpose of the study: to investigate changes in denture base thickness and interocclusal rest space, resurface the tissue side of
a denture with new material, thus producing an accurate adaptation to the denture foundation area.
Materials and methods: The new material polymethyl methacrylate (Classico Dental Products, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil) was
used with a thinner: ratio of 1:3 (by volume) is then mixed and applied to the fitting surface of the denture. The denture is
inserted and the patient is asked to bite gently on the denture to ensure that the occlusion is not altered by the procedure.
Border molding can then be carried out. The material of acrylic produced by this method (polymethyl methacrylate and thin-
ner) is resilient not rigid.
Results: It shows dentures lined by this material are more comfort and fitting for the patient.
Conclusions: Direct relining is less time consuming and the dentures lined by this material are more comfort and fitting for
the patient, therefore can be used as relining.

KEY WORDS
acrylic base, thinner, relining, ridge resorption, denture fitness

INTRODUCTION denture nonconformity and the indirect method for high nonconforming
cases13-15).

After period of denture service, the patients treated with removable

dentures always suffer from ill-fitting denture due to bone resorption
that led to soft tissue contour change, this problem is treated by relining
or rebasing the denture. A critical part of the complete denture service is
maintenance of the adaptation of the denture base to the mucosa cover-
ing the residual ridges1). The bonding between the denture base materi-
als and relining materials are very sensitive technique that may led to
micro leakage at the denture base relining interface then detachment of
the relining material2,3).
Although improvements in oral health with a tendency to retain
more teeth in elderly peoples mouths, the usage of removable dental
prostheses, partial in addition to complete, will be still a necessity for
many people 4). Dentures tend to become loose, when residual ridge
resorption occurs,. denture relining, for most patients, is an economical
means of improving a denture's stability and retention, the overall occlu-
sal vertical dimension and, in some cases, facial appearance. Although,
not always improvements in retention, stability and occlusion improve
chewing efficiency5). Due to change of soft tissue contours during pros-
thesis service, the tissue surfaces of intraoral prosthesis is necessary to
be altered for proper fit and function. This may be achieved by relin-
ing6).
Most patients also reported improvements in speech and security.
These results support the beliefs of clinicians and observations of some
researchers that patients benefit from properly fitting dentures 7).
Relining is a process in which a plastic film is added to the tissue side of
the denture to obtain an improved fit with the denture bearing muco-
sa.8,9). Because of the patient use a denture for a long time, the denture
will observe changes such as disharmonious occlusal relationships by
attrition of artificial teeth, coloring and degradation of the denture
base10-12). As well as, incompatibility of the denture base is caused by
changes in the jawbone through absorption of under floor mucosa, over
time. The guidelines recommend the direct relining method for mild
INDICATIONS FOR RELINING
The loose of dentures because of poor adaptation to the supporting
tissues should be relined16). However, loose of dentures can result from
problems with denture occlusion, tooth position and denture con-
tours17,18). If these problems are not correctly diagnosed and corrected,
relining will not improve retention and stability of the denture. Use of
proper diagnostic techniques will ensure that the specific problem is
correctly identified19,20). From a practical and financial standpoint, it is
also important to ensure that a denture requiring relining is sufficiently
acceptable in other respects to justify prolonging its lifespan21).
Other indications as:
- Sharp, bony protuberances, anthropic mandibular alveolar pro-
cesses.
- Pressure points: trauma caused by resorptive forceps and thin, sen-
sitive mucosa.
- Flabby and anthropic tissue.
- Post-damming of the A-line, fabrications of oburators (solid or
inflatable).
- Irregular, sharp, and bondy ridges causing painful mastication.
- Bony undercuts - difficulty when inserting or removing the den-
ture.
- Secures the position on upper and lower dentures.
- Mouth guards, night guards, and restoration of individual elastic
rugae..22)

Received on March 8, 2017 and accepted on April 6, 2017

Department of Prosthodontics, University of Anbar, College of Dentistry
Iraq
Correspondence to: Ibrahim Alfahdawi
(e-mail: ibrahimhm7@yahoo.com)

C 2018 Japan Health Sciences University

& Japan International Cultural Exchange Foundation
126 Alfahdawi I.
Figure 1. Mixing of polymethyl methacrylate with a thinner
PROCEDURE
Relining: the procedures used to resurface the tissue side of a den-
ture with new material, thus producing an accurate adaptation to the
denture foundation area. Relining is indicated when there is loos of
retention or stability due to alteration or loos of correct relationship to
the supporting tissues. It cannot be done in the absence of optimum ver-
tical and centric relation and correct occlusal form of teeth.
Many patients completely edentulous were presented to a clinic
with a chief complaint of a discomfort and ill-fitting dentures due to
resorption of underling bone. Medical history revealed that the patients
were not diabetic and were not under medication, the patients were a
denture wearer since 4-6 years. Direct relining is less time consuming.
1. The fitting surface of the denture is cleaned, roughened, and
slightly 1-11/2 mm reduced.
2. The flanges are trimmed (to reduce danger of overextension) and
the undercuts removed.
3. Put lubricant over polished surface to prevent the new resin mate-
rial to adhere on it.
4. The new material polymethyl methacrylate (Classico Dental
Products, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil) was used with a thinner: ratio of
1:3 (by volume) is then mixed and applied to the fitting surface of
the denture.(Fig. 1)
5. The denture is inserted and the patient asked to bite gently on the
denture to ensure that the occlusion is not altered by the procedure.
6. Border molding can then be carried out.
7. The denture is kept in situ for about 5 minutes after which it is
removed and carefully examined.
The denture with the relining acrylic material is retrieved before the
acrylic completely sets in order to prevent the damage to the oral tissues
due to heat generated. The relined denture is trimmed to remove any
excess material with sharp scissors or scalpel. Feather taper the material
onto the labial and buccal surfaces with an acrylic bur followed by fin-
ishing, polishing and smooth with a large rubber point or finishing stone
of the borders, finish with a wet rag wheel and pumice to further smooth
the surfaces.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The material of acrylic produced by this method (polymethyl meth-
acrylate and thinner) is resilient not rigid. The dentures lined by this
Figure 2. Denture relined by new material
material are more comfort and fitting for the patient.(Fig. 2) Soft den-
ture reline materials will be used in dentistry for more than a century;
these materials play an important role in modern prosthodontics, many
of these materials will be used with varying levels of success. The hard
tissues may undergo accelerated resorption. The reason for this could be
due to the pressure on the mental foramen; sharp bony spicules; thin,
atrophic mucosa; bony undercuts, particularly in the mylohyoid region;
irregular bony resorption; poor fit of the denture base; incorrect occlusal
relationship; bruxism; and/or debilitating disease22).
There are many types of denture lining materials used for prosthetic
purposes. Direct auto polymerizing reline resins, whether hard or soft,
are currently being used in dentistry as interim liners for immediate den-
tures and for interim dentures until a definitive denture is completed.
These are called chair side liners because they allow the dentist to reline
a removable denture directly in the patient's mouth. The procedure is
faster than the indirect polymerization technique, in which a hot water
bath was used23) at a temperature of 40-45℃ to promote the material's
final polymerization. The mechanism of changes are not known exactly,
but it can be estimated despite knowing how aging changes the physical
and mechanical properties of soft denture liners24-27).
As poly methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) soluble in organic solvents,
these chemicals can also be used and increase the bond strength28). Other
researches stated that these solvents produce softening of the denture
base resin allowing the Kooliner monomer to penetrate the denture base
resin29).
CONCLUSION
1. Direct relining is less time consuming.
2. The dentures lined by this material are more comfort and fitting
for the patient, therefore can be used as relining.
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