Answer on Question #11567-Physics-Molecular Physics-Thermodynamics

A certain fluid at 10 bar is contained in a cylinder behind a piston, the initial volume being 0.05 m^3.
Calculate the work done by the fluid when it expands reversibly:

i. at constant pressure to a final volume of 0.2 m^3

ii. according to a linear law to a final volume of 0.2 m^3 and a final pressure of 2 bar

iii. according to a law pV = constant to a final volume of 0.1 m^3

iv. according to a law pV^3 = constant to a final volume 0f 0.06 m^3

v. according to a law p=(a/v^2) - (b/v) to a final volume of 0.1 m^3 and a final pressure of 1 bar where A and
B are constants.

Sketch all processes on a p-V diagram.

Solution

i.

For reversible non-flow process we have

𝑉2

𝑊 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑉 = 𝑝(𝑉2 − 𝑉1 ) = 1000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 ∙ (0.2 − 0 .05)𝑚3 = 150 𝑘𝐽.
𝑉1

ii.

𝑝1 + 𝑝2 10 + 2
𝑊 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ( ) |𝑉2 − 𝑉1 | = ( ) 105 |0.2 − 0.05| = 90 𝑘𝐽.
2 2
iii.

2 2
𝑝1 𝑉1
𝑊 = 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 = ∫ 𝑝𝑑𝑉 = ∫ 𝑑𝑉 .
𝑉
1 1

𝑉2 0.1
𝑊 = 𝑝1 𝑉1 ln = 1000 ∙ 0.05 ∙ ln ( ) = 34.7 𝑘𝐽.
𝑉1 0.05

iv.

𝑝2 𝑉2 − 𝑝1 𝑉1
𝑊 = .
(1 − 3 )

𝑉 3 0.05 3
Where 𝑝2 = 𝑝1 (𝑉1) = 10 (0.06) = 5.787 𝑏𝑎𝑟.
2

5.787 ∙ 0.06 − 10 ∙ 0.05 5

𝑊 = 10 = 7640 𝐽.
−2

v.
2
a b 1 1 𝑉1
𝑊 = ∫ (( 2 ) − ( )) 𝑑𝑉 = 𝑎 ( − ) + 𝑏 ln .
v v 𝑉1 𝑉2 𝑉2
1

a b a b
10𝑏𝑎𝑟 = ( 3 2
) − ( 3
) ; 1𝑏𝑎𝑟 = ( 3 2
) − ( ).
(0.05 m ) 0.05 m (0.1 m ) 0.1 m3

𝑎 = 0.04 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑚6 ; 𝑏 = 0.3 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑚3 .

Thus,

1 1 0.05 m3
𝑊 = 0.04 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑚6 ( − ) + 0.3 𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑚 3
ln = 19.2 𝑘𝐽.
0.05 m3 0.1 m3 0.1 m3
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