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Arte / Art:
J.I. Comunicação Produção industrial / Industrial production:
Rua Camanducaia, 100 – Campo Belo
São Paulo – SP – Brasil
Tel. / Phone: (55 11) 5093-5589
Anfitriã / Host
Alfredo Huallem
Presidente da ABM
WELCOME
We are about to start the event of the year: the 69 ABM
th
prepare future engineers for and get them in contact with
International Annual Congress, Latin America’s largest the professional world.
relationship and debate forum in the mining, metals and In short, ABM celebrates 70 years of existence by
materials industries. In the year in which ABM celebrates its promoting events that match the magnitude and
70th anniversary, the Congress features a special program, importance of its own history.
including four other major events that will take place at Get ready to dive into a world of knowledge! You
the same time and will certainly draw the attention of the
will be able to participate in technical sessions, panels,
technical and scientific community.
lectures, exhibits, presentations, homage and awarding
With the Pan American Materials Conference we seek ceremonies... All these activities aim at enhanced exchange
to consolidate the “Alliance of the Americas” and pave the of information among the participants in a move that
way to enhanced integration among seven sister Materials goes far beyond national borders, with the attendance of
Associations in the Americas. The 1st Brazilian-German
renowned experts from all over the world.
Symposium on Materials Science and Engineering
Holding our Congress over so many years is an
is a partnership with DGM (Deutsche Gesellschaft für
Materialkunde) and will review the outcomes of recent accomplishment that makes us proud and stronger. The
knowledge and information exchange between the two presentations, discussions and information disseminated in
countries in the fields of advanced high-strength steels, the coming days will certainly represent a real contribution
technological innovations and trends in aluminum, to the development of the industries in which ABM plays
friction welding and microstructural design of advanced a role. More importantly, it reiterates our commitment to
refractories. The 1st Workshop on Surface Treatment of promoting activities that expand the organizations’ and
Corrosion Resistant Alloys will be a plunge into the world people’s knowledge and competitiveness.
of plasma-based surface treatment technologies, whereas ABM and all our partners would like to express our
the 14th edition of the ENEMET – National Meeting gratitude and appreciation for your attendance at
of Mining, Materials and Metallurgical Engineering the Congress. We hope you enjoy every minute of this
Students translates into our most rewarding mission: to outstanding five-day event.
Alfredo Huallem
Board President of ABM
BOAS-VINDAS WELCOME
Dando início à contagem regressiva para a observação, There could be nothing better than a remarkable event
em 2014, dos 70 anos de criação da entidade, nada like the present edition of ABM International Annual
melhor que um evento memorável na presente edição Congress to start the countdown for ABM’s 70th anniversary
do Congresso Anual da ABM – Internacional. in 2014.
Maior fórum de debates e de relacionamento Latin America’s largest relationship and debate forum
dos setores minerometalúrgico e de materiais da in the mining, metals and materials industries, the 69th
América Latina, o 69º Congresso abre oficialmente as Congress officially opens the celebrations of seven decades
comemorações das sete décadas de intensa atividade of intensive activity by the Brazilian Metallurgy, Materials
da Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia, Materiais e and Mining Association. The event gathers together
Mineração. O evento acolhe e brinda centenas de hundreds of participants and offers them an extensive
participantes com elaborada programação incluindo program, including technical sessions, panels, lectures by
sessões técnicas, painéis, palestras de renomados renowned specialists, corporate exhibits, technical visits
especialistas, mostras de empresas, visitas técnicas e and numerous opportunities for networking.
diversas oportunidades de networking.
To turn this year’s Congress into an even more significant
Fazendo do atual Congresso um marco ainda mais
hallmark in the outstanding history of the seventy-year-old
significativo na destacada trajetória da septuagenária
ABM, four other events will take place at the same time
ABM, quatro eventos paralelos prometem abrilhantar
and they promise to further enhance the importance of
ainda mais o encontro deste ano em que as atenções se
the present gathering, in a year in which the “Nation of the
voltaram para o “País do Futebol”. São eles a Pan American
football” drew all the attention. These events are the Pan
Materials Conference - ABM e TMS / o 1st Brazilian-
American Materials Conference - ABM and TMS, the 1st
German Symposium on Materials Science and
Brazilian-German Symposium on Materials Science and
Engineering - ABM e DGM / o Workshop de Tratamento
de Superfícies de Ligas Resistentes à Corrosão e, por Engineering - ABM and DGM, the Workshop on Surface
último, o 14º ENEMET - Encontro Nacional de Estudantes Treatment of Corrosion Resistant Alloys and, last but not
de Engenharia Metalúrgica, Materiais e Minas. least, the 14th ENEMET – National Meeting of Mining,
Materials and Metallurgical Engineering Students.
A comunidade técnico-científica ligada à ABM ainda
poderá se dedicar com afinco aos trabalhos do Congresso ABM’s technical and scientific community will be invited
depois de ter a rara oportunidade de participar da to work hard during the Congress after having the rare
cerimônia de abertura do evento, na belíssima e opportunity of attending the opening ceremony in the
imponente Sala São Paulo – testemunho da pujante magnificent, amazing São Paulo Room – a witness of the
história da industrialização da cidade, do Estado e do vibrant history of industrialization of the city, the state of
próprio Brasil. E que, como em perfeita união, serve de São Paulo and Brazil. Like a perfect union, this room will
palco para a apresentação do Mestre Milton Nascimento, be the stage for a show by Master Milton Nascimento,
“capitão” do Clube da Esquina e da essência da música “captain” of the Clube da Esquina and the essence of the
das Minas Gerais, com seu fértil solo de riquezas minerais music of Minas Gerais, a land full of mineral wealth and
e “Caminhos de Ferro”. “Caminhos de Ferro”.
Tadeu Carneiro
Coordenador Geral do Congresso
General Coordinator of the Congress
BOAS-VINDAS WELCOME
Desde 2007 estou diretamente envolvido no ENEMET I have been directly involved with the ENEMET since
e ao longo destes anos percebi que o trabalho conjunto 2007 and I have realized over the years that the joint work
dos alunos, apoiadores externos e ABM levou-o a among students, external supporters and ABM has led
se consolidar como o principal fórum técnico entre the ENEMET to become an fundamental benchmark as a
alunos graduandos das áreas de Metalurgia, Materiais technical forum among graduation students in the fields of
e Mineração. O ENEMET 2014 tem como tema central: Metallurgy, Materials and Mining. The ENEMET 2014 core
“Tecnologias e aplicações avançadas: tendências”. theme will be “Technologies and advanced applications:
Dentre outras atividades neste tema, teremos uma trends”. A round table with invited experts and moderated
mesa-redonda, formada por especialistas convidados e by students will be one of the new approaches to discuss this
moderado pelos alunos. Além disso, teremos a rodada subject. Moreover, we will hold a HR Forum, when students
de RH, um momento no qual os alunos conhecerão will have the opportunity to learn about the corporate
a cultura e também compartilharão sua percepção e culture and share their perceptions and demands in terms
demandas quanto a estágios e emprego com inúmeras of internships and jobs. Several companies will take part in
empresas presentes. this Forum.
Rodrigo Magnabosco
Coordenador Científico do ENEMET
Scientific Coordinator of the ENEMET
BOAS-VINDAS WELCOME
É para nós uma grande honra participar ativamente It’s a great honor to take active part in this event
deste evento marcando o início das comemorações do that marks the beginning of ABM’s jubilee celebrations.
jubileu da ABM. Ao longo destes 70 anos, indivíduos Individuals and organizations linked to Germany
e organizações ligados à Alemanha vêm prestando have rendered remarkable services and outstandingly
grandes serviços e contribuindo de maneira concreta contributed to ABM’s successful history over the past 70
para o sucesso da ABM. years.
As ligações entre o Brasil e a Alemanha são intensas – The ties between Brazil and Germany are quite strong –
a imigração alemã deixou marcas profundas em várias the German immigration left deep marks in several parts
regiões do Brasil, desde o século XIX os elementos of Brazil, where German cultural elements have been a
culturais alemães têm uma forte presença. A contribuição distinguished presence since the XIX century. German
de empresas alemãs durante as diversas fases da companies have played a significant role in the different
industrialização brasileira é significativa – a cidade de São stages of the Brazilian industrialization process – under
Paulo é considerada sob vários aspectos como “o maior various aspects, the city of São Paulo is deemed “the biggest
conglomerado industrial alemão”. Também no campo German industrial complex”. Culture is another area in
cultural há vários contatos - o Brasil foi o convidado de which the exchange has been intense – for the second time
honra da Feira do Livro de Frankfurt em maio de 2013; pela Brazil was the guest of honor at the Frankfurt Book Fair in
segunda vez e de novo deixando uma forte impressão. May 2013, and again left a strong impression. Moreover,
Com uma grande série de eventos ao longo dos últimos the “Germany + Brazil 2013-2104” program promoted
doze meses, o programa “Alemanha + Brasil 2013-2014” numerous events over the past twelve months and took
levou a todos os estados brasileiros diversos aspectos
the many facets of such intensive cooperation to all the
desta intensa cooperação..
Brazilian states.
Dentro do espírito desta iniciativa, a ABM e a
In the spirit of this initiative, ABM and DGM – Deutsche
DGM – Sociedade Alemã de Ciência e Engenharia de
Gesellschaft für Materialkunde – decided to hold a
Materiais – decidiram organizar um Simpósio Brasil-
Brazilian–German Symposium on Materials Science and
Alemanha na área de Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais. O
foco deste evento é a cooperação entre as comunidades Engineering. The focus of the event is the cooperation
brasileira e alemã nesta ampla área da Ciência e between the Brazilian and German communities in the
Engenharia de Materiais; temos aqui um contato intenso broad field of Materials Science and Engineering. The
que já se estende por decênios nos campos de ensino, intensive interaction and exchange date back to many
pesquisa, desenvolvimento de produtos, produção decades, particularly in the areas of education, research,
industrial e comercialização. Ainda hoje o visitante do product development, industrial production and trading.
Laboratório Hubertus Colpaert na Universidade de São Still today, whoever visits the Hubertus Colpaert Laboratory
Paulo pode ver diversos exemplos dos contatos com at São Paulo University can see a number of examples of
laboratórios metalográficos alemães – entre êles aquele interaction with German metallographic laboratories –
da minha instituição em Berlim. O objetivo central among which the one belonging to my organization
deste Simpósio é levar ao público em geral, aos setores in Berlin. This Symposium’s core target is to provide the
científicos e industriais bem como aos organismos de public at large, the scientific and industrial communities,
fomento da pesquisa e aos órgãos governamentais um and research and government agencies with an overview
quadro atual da cooperação dinâmica entre estes dois of the current cooperation between the two countries.
países. Esperamos com isto gerar impulsos diversos para The ultimate goal is to gain momentum to promote new
novos programas e projetos bilaterais. bilateral projects and programs.
Por fim, dentro da melhor tradição da comunidade Finally, in the best tradition of the German metallurgical
metalúrgica alemã, despedimo-nos com um sonoro community, we say goodbye with a resounding.
Glückauf! Good luck!
Local: Venue:
SALA SÃO PAULO SALA SÃO PAULO
Praça Júlio Prestes, 16 - Campos Elíseos Praça Júlio Prestes, 16 - Campos Elíseos
São Paulo São Paulo
A mais moderna sala de concertos da América Latina. The most modern concerts room of Latin America
Programa: Program:
• Recepção aos convidados: welcome cocktail das 19h às 20h • Guests reception: welcome cocktail from 07:00 pm to 08:00 pm
• Saudações e composição da mesa de honra • Greetings and composition of the table of honor
• Execução do Hino Nacional Brasileiro • Brazilian National Anthem
• Abertura oficial dos trabalhos por Nelson Guedes de
• Welcome remarks by Nelson Guedes de Alcântara, Council
Alcântara, Presidente do Conselho da ABM
President of ABM
• Agradecimentos, citações e registro de presença
• Thanks, compliments and acknowledgment of distinguished
• Pronunciamento do presidente da ABM, Alfredo Huallem
participants
• Outorga da medalha ABM Hubertus Colpaert - Mérito em
Metalografia e Metalurgia Física ao Engenheiro Carlos de • Speech by Board President of ABM, Alfredo Huallem
Moura Neto (in memoriam) • Granting of ABM Hubertus Colpaert Medal to Engineer Carlos de
• Outorga da medalha ABM Hubertus Colpaert - Mérito em Moura Neto (in memoriam)
Metalografia e Metalurgia Física ao Engenheiro Leonardo • Granting of ABM Hubertus Colpaert Medal to Engineer Leonardo
Barbosa Godefroid Barbosa Godefroid
• Outorga da medalha de Mérito ABM ao Engenheiro Karlheinz
• Granting of ABM Honor Medal to Engineer Karlheinz Pohlmann
Pohlmann
• Outorga do Prêmio Robert Franklin Mehl ao Prof. Jagdish • Granting of Robert Franklin Mehl Award to Prof. Jagdish
Narayan Narayan
• Pronunciamento da empresa anfitriã CBMM por Tadeu • Speech by Tadeu Carneiro on behalf of host company CBMM
Carneiro • Milton Nascimento presentation
• Apresentação de Milton Nascimento • Closing ceremony
• Encerramento da cerimônia
Cantor e compositor brasileiro, reconhecido mundialmente Brazilian singer and composer, recognized worldwide as one
como um dos mais influentes e talentosos cantores e of the most influential and talented singers and composers of
compositores da Música Popular Brasileira. Tornou-se Brazilian popular music. He became nationally known when the
conhecido nacionalmente, quando a canção "Travessia", song "Travessia", composed by him and Fernando Brant, ranked
composta por ele e Fernando Brant, ocupou a segunda posição second in the International Song Festival, 1967. Received five
no Festival Internacional da Canção, de 1967. Recebeu 5 Grammy Awards and in 1998 won the Grammy for Best World
prêmios Grammy e em 1998, ganhou o Grammy de Best World Music Album in 1997. He has performed in South America, North
Music Album in 1997. Já se apresentou na América do Sul, America, Europe, Asia and Africa.
América do Norte, Europa, Ásia e África.
EXPOMET
Exposição de Fornecedores de Produtos e Serviços para a Cadeia Metalúrgica, de Materiais e
Mineração / Exhibition of Products and Services Suppliers for the Metallurgical Production Chain
Expositores / Exhibitors
ABM Höganäs
Abimaq (Sindesam) Magnesita
AIST Panalytical
ArcelorMittal Seco/Warwick do Brasil
Aperam SMS SIEMAG
Brasil Insurance SunCoke
CBMM Thermo-calc Software
CSN Universidade Federal de Alfenas
Enfil Usiminas
Falconi VDI
FEI Villares Metals
Finep Votorantim Siderurgia
Gerdau White Martins
*Confirmados até 10 de julho de 2014 / Confirmed until July 10th, 2014
21 de julho de 2014 - 20h - Sala São Paulo - Cerimônia de Abertura / July 21st, 2014 - 8:00 pm - Sala São Paulo - Opening Ceremony
MEDALHA DE MÉRITO ABM / ABM HONOR AWARD
Honraria instituída pela ABM para homenagear pessoas físicas e jurídicas que tenham contribuído de forma
relevante para o desenvolvimento nas áreas de atuação da ABM e à própria entidade. Em 2014, esta honraria será
conferida ao Engenheiro Karlheinz Pohlmann.
The ABM honor medal is an award created by ABM to pay tribute to individuals and companies that have contributed
in a relevant manner to the development of ABM itself and the áreas where it operates. In 2014 it is granted to Engineer
Karlheinz Pohlmann.
22 de julho de 2014 - das 10h40 às 11h - Sala 1 - Plenária (Teatro Frei Caneca) / July 22nd, 2014 - from 10:40 am to 11:00 am -
Room 1 - Plenary (Frei Caneca Theater)
24 de julho de 2014 - 8h15 - Sala 1 - Plenária (Teatro Frei Caneca) / July 24th, 2014 - 8:15 am - Room 1 - Plenary (Frei Caneca
Theater)
Local
Casa das Caldeiras
Av. Francisco Matarazzo, 2000 - Água Branca
São Paulo
Tel.: +55 (11) 3873-6696
www.casadascaldeiras.com.br
Importante
• Será necessária a apresentação do convite individual;
• Convites avulsos poderão ser adquiridos na secretaria executiva do evento;
• Não haverá serviço de transporte para a Casa das Caldeiras.
Venue
Casa das Caldeiras
Avenida Francisco Matarazzo, 2000 - Água Branca
São Paulo
Phone: +55 (11) 3873-6696
www.casadascaldeiras.com.br
Attention
• The presentation of individual invitation will be required;
• Separate invitations can be purchased in the executive secretariat of the event;
• Shuttle service to the Casa of Caldeiras will not be provided by ABM.
INFORMAÇÕES GERAIS / GENERAL INFORMATION
69º Congresso Anual da ABM- Internacional
69th ABM International Annual Congress
21 a 25 de julho de 2014 / July 21st to 25th, 2014
TODO O LIVRO FOI IMPRESSO EM PAPEL RECICLADO COM TINTA A BASE DE ÁGUA, INCENTIVAMOS A IDEIA DE RECICLAGEM.
THE BOOK WAS PRINTED WITH RECYCLED PAPER AND WATER BASED INK, THEREFORE ENCOURAGING THE IDEA OF RECYCLING.
Registramos um agradecimento especial aos nossos voluntários:
membros da comissão organizadora/editorial, palestrantes e
presidentes de mesa convidados para as sessões técnicas.
Coordenadores / Coordinators:
Debanshu Bhattacharya - ArcelorMittal Chicago
Ed Juarez Mendes Taiss - CBMM
10h40 Mauricio Centeno Lobão Aplicação de aços de ultra-alta resistência (UHSS) em sistemas
10:40am Vesta Engenharia - Aethra de absorção de energia
Use of ultra high strength steels (UHSS) in energy absorption
systems
11h Augusto César Lacerda de Oliveira Desenvolvimento da oferta de ação para estampagem a
11:00am CSN quente da CSN - novas oportunidades e o conceito de aços
engenheirados na prensa
Development of CSN’s hot stamping offering - New opportunities
and the press-engineered steel concept
11h10 Jesse Paegle Parcerias para maximizar a aplicação dos AHSS nas carrocerias
11:10am Gestamp nacionais
Partnerships as a way to maximize AHSS application in car bodies
in Brazil
11h30 João Francisco Batista Pereira Segurança veicular: o novo cenário nacional e a contribuição da
11:30am Usiminas Usiminas
Vehicle Safety: The new Brazilian scenario and Usiminas’
contribution
12h10 Debate
12:10pm Discussion
Painéis Tecnológicos / Technology Panels
Sala 1 - Plenária (Teatro Frei Caneca) / Room 1 – Plenary (Frei Caneca Theater)
Coordenador / Coordinator:
Leonardo Magalhães Silvestre - CBMM
14h40 Luiz Carlos Caggiano Santos Ações para o desenvolvimento da construção em aço
2:40pm Brafer Actions for the steel construction development
15h20 Ademar de Carvalho Barbosa Filho Viabilidade das estruturas de aço em múltiplos andares
3:20pm CODEME Feasibility of multi-story steel structures
15h50 Debate
3:50pm Discussion
Resumo da Programação – Sessões técnicas orais
22 de julho, terça-feira
Horário CONGRESSO
Início Fim Sala 1 - Plenária Sala 2 Sala 3 Sala 4 Sala 5 Sala 6 Sala 7 Sala 8
8h 8h20 Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker
Renata Antoun Lineu Azuaga Phil Kirkwood Fernando Luz Lara Zehbour Panossian Tarcísio Reis de Antônio Jose Ramirez
8h20 8h40 Simão Ayres da Silva Oliveira Londono
8h40 9h Nanotecnologia Lavra e Soldagem Gestão Sistêmica Corrosão Estampagem Metalurgia física e
tratamento de comportamento de
9h 9h20 minérios materiais em temperaturas
elevadas
9h20 10h Coffee break e Sessão pôster
10h 10h20
Invited lecture: Fundamentos - John J. Jonas
10h20 10h40
10h40 11h Entrega de prêmios de reconhecimento técnico
11h 11h20
Invited lecture: Gestão - Daniela Ramos Teixeira
11h20 11h40
11h40 12h
12h 12h20 Sessão técnica em Materiais com Lavra e Metalurgia física e
homenagem a John efeito de memória tratamento de Soldagem Gestão Sistêmica Corrosão Estampagem comportamento de materiais
12h20 12h40 J. Jonas de forma minérios em temperaturas elevadas
12h40 13h
13h 14h Almoço
14h 14h20
14h20 14h40 Sessão técnica em Materiais com Lavra e Metalurgia física e
homenagem a John efeito de memória tratamento de Soldagem Corrosão Forjamento comportamento de materiais
14h40 15h J. Jonas de forma minérios em temperaturas elevadas
15h 15h20
15h20 15h40
Invited lecture: Processos - Seiji Nomura
15h40 16h
16h 16h40 Coffee break e Sessão pôster
16h40 17h Sessão técnica em Keynote speaker Keynote speaker
homenagem a John Roberto João de Sérgio Rodrigues
17h 17h20 J. Jonas Deus Lavra e Simões Metalurgia física e
17h20 17h40 tratamento de Soldagem Corrosão comportamento de materiais
minérios Engenharia de em temperaturas elevadas
17h40 18h Fundição
superfície
18h 18h20
Summary of programming – Oral presentation sessions
July 22nd, Tuesday
Schedule CONGRESS
Start End Room 1 - Plenary Room 2 Room 3 Room 4 Room 5 Room 6 Room 7 Room 8
8:00 8:00 Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker Keynote speaker
Renata Antoun Lineu Azuaga Phil Kirkwood Fernando Luz Lara Zehbour Panossian Tarcísio Reis de Antônio Jose Ramirez
08:20 08:40 Simão Ayres da Silva Oliveira Londono
08:40 09:00
Nanotecnology Ore mining and Welding Systemic Corrosion Drawing Physical metallurgy and
tratment management material behavior at hight
09:00 09:20 temperatures
9h20 às 10h 16h às 16h40 9h20 às 10h 16h às 16h40 9h20 às 10h
Corrosão Corrosão Gestão de Diagramas de fases Diagramas de fases e
manutenção e transformações transformações de fases
de fases
Gestão sistêmica Lavra e tratamento Mecânica de fratura Metalurgia física e Tratamento térmico
de minérios e integridade comportamento
estrutural de materiais em
temperaturas
elevadas
Nanotecnologia Soldagem
Soldagem
Summary of programming - Posters presentation session
9:20am to 10:00am 4:00pm to 4:40pm 9:20am to 10:00am 4:00pm to 4:40pm 9:20am to 10:00am
Corrosion Corrosion Maintenance Phase diagrams and Phase diagrams and
management phase transformations phase transformations
Systemic Ore mining and Structural fracture and Physical metallurgy Heat treatment
management treatment integrity and material behavior
at high temperatures
Ore mining and Shape memory alloys Ferrous metallic Non-ferrous metallic
treatment products products
Nanotechnology Welding
Welding
Programa oficial
21 e 22 de julho de 2014
cENTro UNiVErSiTÁrio Da fEi
Avenida Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco, 3972
Assunção - São Bernardo do Campo - SP
23 a 25 de julho de 2014
cENTro DE coNVENÇÕES frEi caNEca
Rua Frei Caneca, 569 - Consolação - São Paulo - SP
21 de julho (segunda-feira)
Centro Universitário da Fei
Cerimônia de abertUra
Composição da mesa diretora
boas-vindas por Luiz Henrique Campos de Lima Castro - Diretor da Regional ABM São Paulo
9h boas-vindas por Paula Letícia Corrêa de Toledo Cury - Diretora da divisão técnica ABM Junior
boas-vindas por Willy Ank de Morais - Coordenador geral do evento
Apresentação da comissão organizadora e foto oficial
Palestra: Como as atividades extracurrículares podem mudar seu futuro - Arthur Francisco Costa Ramalho -
9h30
Engenheiro Trainee na Cia de Ferro Ligas da Bahia - FERBASA
10h10 debate
mesa-redonda
tecnologias e aplicações avançadas: tendências
Presidente: Bruna de Camargo Lemos (FEI)
moderador: Felipe Lima e Silva (IFES)
Compósitos aplicados na aeronáutica - Gigliola Salerno - Professora do departamento de engenharia de materiais -
14h
Centro Universitário da FEI
tendências de aplicação do grafeno - Guilhermino José Macêdo Fechine - Professor adjunto do centro de grafeno e
14h10
nanomateriais - Mackgrafe (Escola de Engenharia) - Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie
exemplos de novas tecnologias aplicadas nos processos de mineração da Cbmm - Adriano Porfírio Rios - Ge-
14h20
rente de produção da Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração - CBMM
biomateriais - Tomaz Puga Leivas - Assistente técnico de direção / Engenheiro chefe da comissão de projetos do conselho
14h30
diretor no Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatlogia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP - HCFMUSP
14h40 debate
15h40 deslocamento para pontos de encontro
17h30 deslocamento para cerimônia de abertura - sala são Paulo
19h Welcome cocktail
20h Cerimônia de abertura - Sala São Paulo
9h Ginástica laboral
CUrso 2
CUrso 1 CUrso 4
Aplicações da
Produção e Fundamentos
termodinâmica
caracterização de microscopia
computacional visitas visitas visitas visitas
de compósitos eletrônica de
9h45 (software técnicas aos técnicas aos técnicas aos técnicas aos
de fibra de varredura
Thermo-calc) laboratórios laboratórios laboratórios laboratórios
Carbono rodrigo
andré Luis v.
Gigliola magnabosco -
Costa e silva -
salerno - Fei Fei
ibQn e UFF
CUrso 7
CUrso 2 CUrso 6 Ferramentas
CUrso 3
Aplicações da CUrso 5 Princípios do para análise
Seleção de
termodinâmica processo de do compor-
Materiais Fundamentos
visitas computacional visitas fabricação tamento
Usando o de difração de
13h45 técnicas aos (software técnicas aos de peças eletroquímico
Software CES raios X
laboratórios Thermo-calc) laboratórios metálicas por de aços
EduPack Gilberto J.
andré Luis v. fundição inoxidáveis
William Pereira - Fei
Costa e silva - João L. daniella
naville - Fei
ibQn e UFF abel - Fei Caluscio dos
santos - Fei
Coffee point
oferecimento
16h45 Coffee point - oferecimento
visitas
técnicas aos
Deslocamento laboratórios
17h15 para campeona- Deslocamento para campeonato esportivo
to esportivo
PaineL teCnoLóGiCo
indústria automobilística: o futuro da segurança veicular no brasil
Coordenadores: Ed Juarez Mendes Taiss (CBMM) e Debanshu Bhattacharya (ArcelorMittal)
Palestra: aços microligados para a indústria automotiva
10h
Debanshu Bhattacharya - ArcelorMittal
aplicação de aços de ultra-alta resistência (UHss) em sistemas de absorção de energia
10h40
Mauricio Centeno Lobão - Vesta Engenharia - Aethra
10h50 Usibor® 1500 and Laser welded blanks - Marcelo Federici - ArcelorMittal
desenvolvimento da oferta de ação para estampagem a quente da Csn - novas oportunidades e o
11h
conceito de aços engenheirados na prensa - Augusto César Lacerda de Oliveira - CSN
11h10 Parcerias para maximizar a aplicação dos aHss nas carrocerias nacionais - Jesse Paegle - Gestamp
11h20 a inovação tecnológica como fator de competitividade - Marco A. Colosio - General Motors
segurança veicular: o novo cenário nacional e a contribuição da Usiminas
11h30
João Francisco Batista Pereira - Usiminas
implantação do centro de tecnologia automotiva do inmetro com ênfase no laboratório de
11h40
segurança veicular passiva - Romeu J. Daroda - INMETRO
11h50 Uso do alumínio em componentes de carrocerias de automóveis - Ayrton Filleti - ABAL
12h10 debate
rodada de rH
8h30 Cbmm
9h arcelormittal
9h55 Gerdau
10h10 aperam
10h25 vale
10h40 debate
PaineL teCnoLóGiCo
Principais vantagens da utilização de estruturas metálicas na construção civil
Coordenador: Leonardo Magalhães Silvestre (CBMM)
adding value through the use of high strength steel in stadium and high-rise design
14h
Mike King and Willian Whitby - ARUP
15h20 viabilidade das estruturas de aço em múltiplos andares - Ademar de Carvalho Barbosa Filho - CODEME
15h50 debate
16h20 encerramento
1 brasmetal Waelzholz
2 Caterpillar
4 Gerdau araçariguama
7 Pedreira embu
8 termomecânica*
9 Usiminas Cubatão
10 votorantim Cimentos
segurança
Serão fornecidos os EPI´s necessários.
importante
Será expressamente proibido o uso de câmeras fotográficas (inclusive de telefone celular), filmadoras, notebooks ou gravadores.
traslado
Haverá disponibilização de ônibus.
Cumprimento de horário
Solicitamos aos participantes o cumprimento do horário estabelecido de forma a não prejudicar a programação.
observação
As programações poderão sofrer alterações que não comprometerão os horários e dias pré-estabelecidos.
11h / 11:00am
Prof. John J. Jonas
Retrospective work – Brazilian Co-workers
Invited lecture
Daniela Ramos Teixeira – 12h20 / 12:20pm
Revie Inteligência Empresarial Dr. Francisco Boratto
Inteligência Competitiva: como agilizar a Hot Rolling Simulation and Tnr
tomada de decisão na sua empresa com
resultados / Competitive Intelligence: How 12h40 / 12:40pm
to efficiently speed up decision making in your Prof. Dr. Ronaldo Barbosa
company Modeling of industrial processes by use of hot
torsion tests
15h20 / 3:00pm
Invited lecture Tarde / Afternoon
Seiji Nomura – Nippon Steel & Sessão John J. Jonas
Sumitomo Metal Corporation
Plenary session – John J. Jonas
Desenvolvimentos recentes nas tecnologias
de produção de ferro da NSSMC em vista do 14h / 2:00pm
uso de matérias primas de menor qualidade / Prof. Dr. P.R. Cetlin
Recent developments in ironmaking technologies of
Hot torsion simulation of IF steels and wire rod
NSSMC facing low grading raw material
rolling processes
9h 9:00am
EFFECT OF ADDICTION RATIO OF
25095
OCTADECYLAMINE IN LAMELLAR
EFEITO DA RAZÃO DE ADIÇÃO ZIRCONIUM PHOSPHATE PROPERTIES
DE OCTADECILAMINA NAS TO OBTAIN NANOCOMPOSITES
metastable structure called austenite and one or fita apresentou-se completamente amorfa.
more metastable structures called martensites. Após o tratamento térmico todas as fitas
In single crystals, depending on the specific apresentaram as transformações martensíticas
composition of the alloy and the crystallographic e auteníticas. Observou-se que a velocidade da
orientation of the tensile axis, martensite- roda tem grande influência nas temperaturas
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
2% and 8%. For a given test strain, the FGA area 2:00pm
increases when the test temperature is reduced, i.e., mechanical behavior of M-wire
when the number of cycles to fracture increases. Ni-Ti and conventional Ni-Ti
endodontic instruments
Keywords: NiTi alloys; Fatigue; Superelasticity;
via finite element method
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
Fatigue cracks.
simulation
temperaturas de 300°C a 500°C, e então apparent modulus of elasticity was also observed,
temperados em água. A caracterização física together with an increase in the residual strain as
do material foi realizada por calorimetria the annealing temperature increased, indicating,
exploratória diferencial e as propriedades in agreement with the increase in transformation
mecânicas foram obtidas em ensaios de tração temperatures, that the material began to exhibit
2:20pm
NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA) have been
widely used as construction materials due to their
EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON
shape memory and superelastic properties. Usually
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF A superelastic NiTi the application of the NiTi alloy is in the wire form,
wire which is ideal shape to make springs, orthodontic
arc-wire and endodontic files. Since our research
Recent developments in the use of superelastic group (ITASMART) started producing NiTi
(SE) NiTi alloys in the manufacture of rotary wires, it was noticed that NiTi SMA produced
endodontic instruments involve the application by Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) presents
of heat treatments to the instruments initially carbon contamination, which is due to the melting
produced with SE alloys. In this work, the effect process. Therefore, alloys rich in carbon remove
of thermal treatments and their contribution to the titanium from matrix, forming precipitates of
evolution of the functional properties of an SE NiTi TiC (titanium carbide). Also, Ti2Ni precipitation
wire was studied. Commercial NiTi wires, near removes titanium from the matrix and these two
equiatomic, were tested after annealing treatment precipitates TiC and Ti2Ni can produce internal
for 1 hour at temperatures between 300°C and volumetric defect in the wire drawing process.
500°C, and then quenched in water. The physical Seeing the importance of NiTi wires as base of
characterization of the material was performed many applications, this work studies the formation
by differential scanning calorimetry and the of volumetric defects caused by precipitates in the
mechanical properties were obtained from tensile wire drawing process of a NiTi wire drawn down
and shape recovery tests. The results showed an to 0,39 mm in diameter.
increase in the transformation temperatures of Keywords: NiTi SMA; TiC precipitate; Ti2Ni,
the wires after the annealing, the appearence of Wire drawing.
the double transformation austenite – R-phase –
B19’ martensite during cooling. A decrease in the
C8 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
buena conductividad. Las aleaciones base de interdendritic phase with fragile characteristics
cobre, tipo CuNiSiCr son las más adecuadas is generated provoking fractures when forming.
como reemplazo. El siguiente trabajo trata The results demonstrate that application of the
del estudio y desarrollo del proceso de full annealing and temperature control during
fabricación, por fusión, colado y conformado, forging minimize this problem
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
de una aleación tipo CuNiSiCr de alta dureza Keywords: Material dies and injection molds;
y buena conductividad para ser utilizada Copper alloy base; Microstructures.
en la fabricación de moldes de inyección
para la industria del plástico. Los resultados
preliminares de esta investigación demuestran 18h
que a través del aumento sistemático en el 24544
contenido de níquel y silicio se consigue
Avaliação do comportamento
un aumento de la dureza (>32 Rockwell microestrutural e de
C) y una aceptable conductividad eléctrica microdureza em matriz de
(≈25%IACS). El fenómeno segregación aluminio com inclusão de
interfiere fuertemente en los tratamientos nanotubo de carbono e níquel
termomecánicos, pues se forma una segunda
Luiz Gabriel da Silva Nascimento – IFPa
fase interdendrítica, de características frágiles, José Antônio da Silva Souza – Universidade Federal
que genera fracturas en el conformado. Los do Pará
resultados demuestran que la aplicación del Fernando Antônio de Sá – Universidade Federal do
recocido total y control de la temperatura Pará
durante la forja minimizan este problema. Um material que vem sendo muito estudado
Palabras-clave: Material para matrices y quando imerso na matriz de outros materiais,
moldes de inyección; Aleación base cobre; são os nanotubos de carbono, uma forma
Microestructuras. alotrópica do carbono, que são milhares de
vezes mais finos que um fio de cabelo, mas
que apesar disso, possuem uma extraordinária
5:40pm
resistência mecânica. O alumínio por
MICROESTRUCTURAL apresentar um baixo peso específico e ter a
CHARACTERIZATION FROM A COPPER
facilidade de se unir a outros materiais pode
BASE ALLOY TO MANUFACTURE
MOLDS IN PLASTIC INDUSTRY nos fornecer excelentes propriedades e muitas
aplicações tecnológicas. Através de ensaios
At present, injection moulding is widely used in metalográficos e mecânico, esse trabalho
plastic processing because it allows production avaliou o comportamento microestrutural
of complex shapes. To produce moulds C17200 e de microdureza do alumínio depois da
(coppeer-berylium) alloy is widely used, but adição nanotubo de carbono e nanotubo
few beryllium free copper base alternatives and mais níquel em sua estrutura. Foi usado
with hardness values above 30 Rockwell C and um processo de fabricação por fusão com
good conductivity alloys are in development. agitação mecânica por um pequeno motor
Copper base alloys, CuNiSiCr type, are most elétrico e resfriamento brusco por água.
suitable as a replacement. The following work Depois das análises nesses diversos materiais,
deals with the study and development of the com composição diferenciada, o que melhor
manufacturing process through melting, casting apresentou propriedade mecânica foi o Al-
and forming from a high strength and good 3%Ni+nanotubo de carbono. Palavras-chave:
conductive CuNiSiCr type alloy to be used in the Nonotubo de carbono; Alumínio; Níquel;
manufacture of injection moulds in the plastics Microdureza.
industry. Preliminary results of this research
show that through a systematic increase in nickel
and silicon content an increase in hardness (>
32 Rockwell C) and an acceptable electrical
conductivity (> 27% IACS) is achieved. The
segregation phenomenon interferes strongly in
thermo mechanical treatments, because a second
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C11
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
6:00pm 8h40
Microstructural and
24643
mechanical analysis of
aluminum matrix with IMPACTO DA QUALIDADE DOS
inclusion of Nickel and carbon DADOS NO PLANEJAMENTO DE
8h
Keynote speaker 8:40am
IMPACT OF DATA QUALITY ON SHORT
Lineu Azuaga Ayres da Silva – EPUSP TERM PLANNING
Lavra de minas e tratamento de minérios –
formação acadêmica e atuação profissional / Short-term mine planning typically relies on
Ore mining and dressing – academic education and samples obtained from blastholes in an open
professional activity pit operation. These samples may carry a large
sampling error. The aim of this article is to
evaluate the impact of the sampling error in
mining recovery. For comparison purposes,
the exhaustive Walker Lake was used and it is
considered to be the true grade distribution. The
methodology consists in obtaining samples from
the exhaustive data set at a regular spacing of
C12 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
5x5 m. Then, a sampling error is added to the entre as elevações. O produto final deste
samples. Afterwards, the samples were used to trabalho consistiu da quantificação dos fatores
estimate the blocks and decide whether they are ore de diluição e perdas de minério, aplicadas
or waste. Four scenarios were evaluated: samples ao planejamento de lavra de curto prazo,
with 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% of relative error. otimizando o aproveitamento dos recursos
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
this maneuver could remove excess SiO2 of the leaching technique was proposed before and after
flotation circuit allowing the generation of pellet the preheating and cooling of iron ore using
feed quality standards within Vale. microwave energy.
Keywords: Flotation; Quality, Iron Ore. Keywords: Iron ore; Kinetics; Ore treatment;
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
Microwave.
12h20
25137 12:40pm
AVALIAÇÃO COMPARATIVA DA 25070
CINÉTICA DE REDUÇÃO DO
ELEMENTO FÓSFORO CONTIDO NO Paste production from
MINÉRIO DE FERRO UTILIZANDO phosphate rock tailings
AQUECIMENTO ATRAVÉS DE ENERGIA trough free settling and
DE MICRO-ONDAS vacuum filtration
André Carlos Silva – UFG
Leonardo Martins da Silva – UFF
Elenice Maria Schons Silva – UFG
Marisa Nascimento – CETEM
Juarez Gonçalves Mesquita – Vale Fertilizantes
Izabel de Oliveira Mota – UFF
Ângelo Pereira da Silva Junior – Anglo American
José Adilson de Castro – UFF
Fosfato Brasil
Em teores elevados o elemento fósforo pode João Paulo Aparecido Arruda – UFG
causar efeitos indesejáveis aos produtos e Vítor Rodrigues de Araujo Vaz – UFG
operações de redução do minério de ferro e Dewatering stage is among the most important
refino dos aços. Tais efeitos ocorrem devido à industrial unit operations, and is wide adopted
má formação da estrutura do aço tornando-o in many different industries, due the fact that a
assim quebradiço e com fraturas. Sendo large portion of industrial products is produced
assim torna-se necessário o desenvolvimento using suspensions of solids in liquids. Nowadays
de uma técnica viável de redução do teor the mineral processing tailings disposal is a
do elemento fósforo contido no minério de big problem due the environmental degradation
ferro. Neste trabalho foi proposta a avaliação produced. The phosphate rock processing in Anglo
cinética da técnica de lixiviação ácida antes American Phosphate Brazil, situated in Catalão/
e após o pré-aquecimento e resfriamento Go/Brazil, generates around 180 t/h of tailings
do minério de ferro utilizando energia de for a plant feed of 480 t/h (approximately 37,5%
micro-ondas. of the processing plant feed), with 5 to 10% of
Palavras-chave: Minério de ferro; Cinética; solids and approximately 14% of P2O5. Nowadays
Tratamento de minério; Microondas. the tailings are sent direct to the tailings dam.
The present work proposes the paste production
using with the tailings from phosphate rock
12:20pm processing plant divide in two different stages.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF The first one composed by the free settling of the
THE KINETICS OF REDUCTION OF material in presence of industrial flocculants in a
ELEMENT CONTAINED IN IRON graduated cylinder with 2.0 L of internal volume
ORE BY USING HEATING ENERGY for one hour, in the same way it must occur in
MICROWAVE
conventional thickeners. After that time, the
clarified liquid was drained and the remaining
In high levels the phosphorus element can cause
pulp was sent to the second stage consisting
undesirable effects in the products and in the
in the tailings vacuum filtration. Ten different
operations of the reduction of iron ore and in the
flocculants and nine different filter media were
refining of steel. Such effects occur due to poor
tested. The found results were satisfactory for
formation of the structure of the steel thus making
paste tailings production with solids percentage
it brittle and with fractures. Thus it becomes
around 65%.
necessary to develop of a feasible technique of
reduction of content of the phosphorus in iron Keywords: Mineral paste; Phosphate rock;
ore. In this work the kinetic evaluation of acid Dewatering; Tailings.
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C15
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
tratamentos térmicos. O teste de bolas same behavior of the reference ball. The hardness
marcadas permite a comparação de diferentes remained constant for the three types of balls
ligas ao mesmo tempo, sob as mesmas analyzed.
condições operacionais e em tempo hábil. Keywords: Grinding; Grinding media; Wear;
Foi realizado o teste com bolas marcadas em
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
Tempering.
um dos moinhos industriais primários do
concentrador I da Samarco Mineração S.A.
Foram comparados corpos moedores com 14h40
revenimento, sem revenimento e corpos 24988
moedores de referência. Foram utilizadas
INFLUÊNCIA DO GRAU DE
200 bolas de cada tipo de corpo moedor e GELATINIZAÇÃO DO AMIDO DE
realizadas cinco coletas a partir da data de MILHO NO PROCESSO DE FLOTAÇÃO
inserção das bolas marcadas durante um REVERSA DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO
período total de 1695 horas de teste. Foram
Ana Caroline de Souza – UFMG
inferidos o diâmetro, peso e dureza dos Douglas Geraldo Magalhães – UFMG
corpos moedores. Quanto ao desgaste, as
bolas analisadas apresentaram o mesmo A aplicação do amido de milho como
comportamento da bola de referência. A depressor de óxidos e hidróxidos de
dureza se manteve constante para os três ferro carece de estudos de otimização em
tipos de bolas analisadas. termos de gelatinização. O objetivo deste
estudo é avaliar o grau de gelatinização
Palavras-chave: Moagem; Corpos moedores;
dos grânulos de amido submetidos à
Desgaste; Revenimento.
gelatinização pela adição de soda cáustica,
analisando fotomicrografias, resultados dos
2:20pm ensaios de flotação e soda livre, a fim de
TEST WITH MARKED BALLS IN determinar a relação amido/soda e o tempo
THE CONCENTRATOR I’S PRIMARY de gelatinização ideais. Entre os ensaios de
GRINDING OF SAMARCO flotação variando-se a relação amido/soda,
a proporção que obteve melhores resultados
Grinding is the last stage of comminution and it is foi 2/1, com praticamente todos os grânulos
essential for subsequent steps of concentration. The solubilizados. No entanto, desempenho
grinding step involves large energy consumption, satisfatório foi obtido na relação 4/1 com
as well as large consumption of grinding media. a presença de alguns grânulos insolúveis e
In the case of ball mills, the grinding media can be uma porção em processo de gelatinização,
made from a range of different alloys and having quando observados em microscópio óptico.
been subjected to different heat treating. The Nos ensaios de flotação utilizando soluções
test with marked balls allows the comparison of preparadas variando o tempo da primeira
different alloys at the same time, under the same diluição, o ensaio de 5 minutos na primeira
operational conditions and in a timely manner. diluição e de 10 minutos na segunda obteve
The test was performed with marked balls in resultados satisfatórios em termos de
one of the primary mills of the concentrator I qualidade do concentrado e recuperação
of Samarco. Grinding media with tempering, metalúrgica.
without tempering and reference grinding media Palavras-chave: Flotação; Amido; Gelatinização;
were compared. 200 balls were used for each type Fotomicroscopia.
of grinding media and five collections were made
from the date of insertion of marked balls in a
total period of 1695 hours of testing. Diameter,
weight and hardness of grinding media were
inferred. About wear, balls analyzed showed the
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C17
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
8h40 8:40am
ASSESSMENT OF THE TMCP
25093 SHIPBUILDING EH36 STEEL
AVALIAÇÃO DA SOLDABILIDADE DO WELDABILITY OF HIGH HEAT INPUT
AÇO NAVAL EH36 TMCP SOLDADO SUBMERGED ARC WELDING JOINT
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
no Brasil. A conversão da energia cinética dos excellent weldability, mainly with Tandem Arc
ventos em energia elétrica é realizada por process, which enables further exploration of this
aerogeradores, que são acopladas em torres, process as an excellent alternative for reducing
que na sua maioria são constituídas de anéis the welding time during the manufacturing of
sobrepostos de aço, os quais são fabricados e wind towers.
In a continuous pickling line, the entry down cordões de solda foram avaliados por meio de
time is one of the constraints in productivity. microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de
Stratifying the total down time, significant part varredura, assim como pela análise dos perfis
consists in flashing time, which is one of the de micro-dureza e da composição química
fundamental parameters of Flash Butt Welding. do arame e do material depositado. Foi
Furthermore, electricity and natural gas consumed possível avaliar a influência da aplicação de
during welding process, contribute to raise process diferentes parâmetros elétricos de soldagem,
costs. In order to reduce time and process costs a utilização ou não de pré-aquecimento nas
was evaluated trough metallographic analysis, microestruturas geradas nas zonas fundidas,
Olsen cup and hardness test, the quality of welds parcialmente fundidas e termicamente
joints with diminished time and without oxygen afetadas dos cordões obtidos, assim como as
depletion system for low-carbon steels according propriedades mecânicas.
to the literature. Based on achieved results, it was
Palavras-chave: Soldagem de ferro fundido;
possible to reduce the average weld time in 5s for
Microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas do
materials with thicknesses greater than 2.50 mm
ferro fundido soldado.
and eliminate the need of natural gas use in all
GRADE 0 steels, which represents around 76%
of coils processed in the CPLs. 2:00pm
Keywords: Flash butt welding; Productivity; ANALISYS OF THE WELDABILITY OF
Pickling. THE NODULAR CAST IRON WELDED
BY THE PROCESS SMAW AND GMAW
foram realizadas por microscopia ótica em toughness, since it was observed a considerable
amostras polidas e sem ataque para registrar amount of fragmented inclusions of reduced
as inclusões. Essas micrografias foram dimensions.
avaliadas via análise de imagens visando Keywords: Friction Hydro-Pillar Processing;
a determinação de quantidade, tamanho e
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
17h 5:00pm
Effect of energy welding on
24470
microstructure and corrosion
Efeito da energia de soldagem resistance of superduplex
na microestrutura e stainless stell uns s32750 by GTAw
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
bastante competitivo no mercado, inclusive of austenite in the welded joint. The manner in
na substituição dos aços AISI 316 e 316L. A which the material is transferred through electric
soldabilidade dos aços duplex baixa liga, arc determines the stability of the process and
como o UNS S82441, não é tão boa quanto greatly affects the quality and bead geometry.
a dos austeníticos, exigindo um controle The present work aims to study the shape of the
8h
8:40am
Keynote speaker
OPTIMIZATION OF LABORATORY
Fernando Luz Lara – Falconi TESTS ON ELECTRIC GRADE STEEL AT
Uma abordagem sistêmica de melhoria e CSN USING METHODS OF LEAN SIX
estabilização de resultados no aprimoramento SIGMA
de sistema de gestão – um case da parceria
Falconi com a CBMM / A systemic approach This project describes the optimization of
to result stabilization and enhancement for laboratory testing of electric grade steel, being
management system improvement – a case of the subject of a Lean Six Sigma project. The
partnership between Falconi and CBMM purpose of this project was to optimize the test
laboratory for epstein, traction hardness and
8h40
reduce the Lead Time of the tests, in addition to
24566 reducing the number of tests performed. Lean Six
Otimização de ensaios Sigma methods were used, allowing the search
laboratoriaIs de produtos para results in a systemic way surpassing the set
fins elétricos na CSN com uso de targets, generating greater competitiveness in
ferramentas Lean Six SigmA the enterprise market. Obtained in this work a
Kleidon Rodrigues de Almeida – Companhia significant reduction of Lead Time and quantity of
Siderúrgica Nacional laboratory tests within a specified period, allowing
Mariana Corrêa Assis – Companhia Siderúrgica a release for billing on the same day of production
Nacional in 80% of the production of this product.
Luiz Marques Barbosa – Companhia Siderúrgica
Nacional Keywords: Lean six sigma; Optimization;
Júlio Cesar Lopes da Silva – Companhia Siderúrgica Epstein method; Tensile test; Hardness Test;
Nacional Electric grade steel.
DE EXPEDIÇÃO
é conhecida e é necessária uma segunda
ação. Esta ação é assegurar que todos os Jaine Ana Ferreira – CSN
Cristine Gonzales de Almeida – CSN
pontos críticos serão incluídos no plano de
Luiz Gonzaga da Silva – CSN
controle. Estes pontos necessitam uma análise Ricardo Vaz da Silva – CSN
estruturada do sistema de medição para
assegurar um controle adequado no processo A GAL tem uma constante preocupação em
produtivo, onde determinamos o instrumento desempenhar as atividades de embarque
de medição mais adequado há ser utilizado e faturamento de forma eficiente e ao
e definimos os subgrupos racionais para o mesmo tempo receber a produção cada
controle estatístico de processo (CEP) aplicado vez melhor. Pensando nisso, a equipe
a característica monitorada. buscou parâmetros que pudessem medir
a eficiência do Entreposto13 e propor
Palavras-chave: Gestão de risco; Controle de
melhorias, visando eliminar as constantes
processo; FMEA; Planejamento avançado da
paradas de equipamentos por falta de
qualidade do produto e plano de controle.
área de armazenagem no Entreposto. O
desejo era reduzir a quantidade de bobinas
9:00am removidas no momento do carregamento,
Risk management applicability pois quando se reduz esse o manuseio
in the productive process interno, reduz-se o tempo do embarque e
consequentemente agiliza o recebimento
Nowadays the automotive industry works in a de bobinas no entreposto. Várias outras
connected world, where the information is so fast melhorias de infraestruturas e gestão de
that if you haven’t a question promptly answered pessoas e equipamentos foram necessárias
is possible publish your dissatisfaction on facebook, para que o objetivo final fosse alcançado.
or send an email to your contacts starting a Objetivo esse que se resume em reduzir
viral marketing. Regarding this new business paradas dos equipamentos de Preparação de
environments which we need to prevent failures Bobinas à Quente para aumentar a velocidade
and assure a product without risk. It’s important de embarque.
use the quality tools in conjunction with risk Palavras-chaves: Eficiência do EE13; Gestão
management techniques in the product design and iIntegrada; Otimização de equipamentos e mão
process development. When we use our knowledge de obra.
to develop a product and a process and thinking
about all potential failure modes and effects to
the customer by using a structured techniques, 11:40am
known as FMEA, a list of critical points is known IMPROVEMENTS IN WAREHOUSES
and is needed a second action. This action is to TO IMPROVE THE PROCESS AND
ensure that all critical points will be included in EXPEDITION
the control plan. These points need a structured
analysis of the measure system to ensure a proper The GAL is a constant concern perform activities
control in the productive process, which we define of shipment and billing form efficient and at the
the most suitable gauge that will be used and the same time receive the best production ever.
rational subgroups to statistical process control Thinking about it, we sought a parameter that
(SPC) applied at monitored characteristics. could measure the efficiency of Warehouse 13,
Keywords: Risk management; Process control; whose production delivery suffered with constant
FMEA; Advanced product quality planning and stops for lack of equipment storage area. The desire
control plan. was to reduce the amount of coils removed at
the time of loading. When this reduces handling
internal speeds up boarding and consequently
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C31
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
the deviations that occurred during the process and que o DOS das amostras envelhecidas mostra
the strong points to consolidate the accreditation forte dependência da microestrutura. Foram
by Inmetro. registrados duplos máximos de densidade
Keywords: Quality management; ISO/IEC de corrente tanto na ativação quanto na
reativação, onde os ensaios potenciostáticos
9h 11h40
24533 25015
AVALIAÇÃO DA FRENTE DE MÉTODO PARA DETERMINAÇÃO
CARBONATAÇÃO EM CONCRETOS DE DE FAIXAS DE PARÂMETROS IDEAIS
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
account that all them are painted simultaneously, das fases deletérias precipitados no aço.
it is very important achieve a homogenous final Além disso, quanto mais longo o tempo de
painting in the whole car. Usually, the paint tratamento, maior foi o grau de precipitação e,
application voltage is determined by the available consequentemente, maior a susceptibilidade à
time, and does not consider the paint’s type, corrosão no AISD, em função da maior razão
caracterização deste material em suas diversas the microstructure. The changes of delta-ferrite
propriedades, destacando-se neste trabalho volume fraction was achieved through annealing
o efeito da microestrutura na resistência à treatments (1,050°C) with different times, by
corrosão. Objetivou-se, portanto, o estudo 4h up to 48h. The samples were submitted for
da resistência à corrosão por pite de um potentiodynamic polarization, using a 3,5% NaCl
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
2:20pm
14h20
BEHAVIOR OF A SUPERMARTENSITIC
24679 STAINLESS STEEL 13Cr-5Ni-2Mo IN THE
COMPORTAMENTO DE UM AÇO ENVIRONMENTS: NaCl, NaCl+CO2 e
INOXIDÁVEL SUPERMARTENSÍTICO NaCl+H2S
(2% Mo) EM AMBIENTES CONTENDO
NaCl, NaCl+CO2 E NaCl+H2S Supermartensitic Stainless Steels (SMSS)
appeared in the middle 90’s, after some oil and gas
José Wilmar Calderón-Hernández – USP
DuberneyHincapié-Ladino – USP
industries together with research institutes started
Mariana Perez de Oliveira – USP projects to develop stainless steels containing
Carolina passanate – USP good corrosion and mechanical properties. The
Neusa Alonso-Falleiros – USP driving force for this project was the search for
Aços inoxidáveis supermartensíticos (AISM) new stainless steels as alternative to duplex and
surgiram em meados dos anos 1990, após superduplex stainless steels, used in offshore oil
algumas empresas petroleiras e centros extraction which have high costs and production
de pesquisa empreenderem projetos para troubles. SMSS are derived from conventional
desenvolver aços inoxidáveis com boa martensitic stainless steels, containing lower
resistência mecânica e resistência à corrosão. carbon (<0,02%C) to allow better weldability
A força motriz destes projetos foi a procura and improve intergranular corrosion resistance
de aços inoxidáveis alternativos para os (because decrease in the formation of Cr23C6
aços duplex e superduplex na extração de precipitates), nickel is added to avoid the delta
reservas de petróleo “offshore”, devido a ferrite phase and molybdenum also is added
seu alto custo e a problemas de produção to improve the corrosion resistance. Through
naquela época. Os AISM são derivados dos potenciodynamic polarization tests the corrosion
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C39
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
resistance of a SMSS with 13Cr-5Ni-2Mo, called tensão desta liga com aplicação da técnica de
here AIS_2Mo, was evaluated in three different espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica e
electrolytes: NaCl, NaCl+CO2 and NaCl+H2S caracterização microestrutural, conduzida por
(deaerated solutions). The material was received microscopia óptica e varredura. Os resultados
as hot rolled plates, which were austenitized mostram que a tensão de escoamento é
24970
2:40pm
CORROSÃO NAS REGIÕES DE
INSTABILIDADE PLÁSTICA NO AÇO PLASTIC INSTABILITY IN ISO 5832-9
INOXIDÁVEL AUSTENITICO ALTO HIGH-NITROGEN AUSTENITIC
NITROGÊNIO ISO 5832-9 STAINLESS STEEL
José Helio Sobrinho – IFMA ISO 5832-9 high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel
Eden Santos Silva – IFMA
Samuel Filgueiras – IFMA
has shown promising results in the fabrication of
Jean Roberto – UFMA temporary and permanent orthopedic prostheses,
Gedeon Silva Reis – IFMA exhibiting better mechanical strength and
Jose Manuel Rivas Mercury – IFMA corrosion resistance than the traditional ISO
5832-1 (ASTM F-138) steel. Recent studies
O aço inoxidável austenítico alto nitrogênio
have revealed that this alloy possesses unique
ISO 5832-9 tem sido promissor na manufatura
properties, such as high mechanical strength and
de próteses ortopédicas com resistência
corrosion resistance and the presence of second
mecânica e de corrosão superiores a do aço
phase particles (Z phase) in the matrix. However,
tradicional ASTM F-138. Pesquisas recentes
it is not known how the microstructural and
têm mostrado que esta liga apresenta
mechanical properties and the corrosion rate are
resultados peculiares, tais como alta
correlated in regions of industrial processability
resistência mecânica, resistência à corrosão
of this alloy during hot forming. In this study,
e presença de partículas de segunda fase
continuous and interrupted isothermal hot torsion
(Fase Z) na matriz. Entretanto, não se
tests were performed after solubilization heat
sabe como se dá a correlação mecânica-
treatment at 1,200°C for 300 s, with temperature
microestrutural e de taxa de corrosão em
intervals varying from 1,000°C to 1,200°C and
regiões de processabilidade industrial desta
strain rates ranging from 0.05 to 5 s -1. The
liga na conformação a quente de peças.
purpose of these tests was to investigate the
No presente trabalho, ensaios sob torção a
alloy’s workability and stress corrosion rate by
quente isotérmico contínuo e interrompidos
means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
foram realizados após tratamento térmico
(EIS) and to characterize its microstructure by
de solubilização a 1.200oC, por 300 s com
optical and scanning electron microscopy. The
intervalos de temperatura variando entre
results indicate that the yield stress is sensitive
1.000°C e 1.200oC com taxa de deformação
to the strain parameters. The peak stress decreases
variando entre 0,05 e 5 s-1, para investigar
with increasing temperature and decreasing strain
a trabalhabilidade e a taxa de corrosão sob
C40 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
rate, with a high rate of dynamic recovery, with um aumento da presença da fase α’ com 10
elongated grains generating areas of stress build- horas de tratamento térmico apresentaram
up. These regions of plastic instability present maior resistência à corrosão.
a higher degree of corrosion than as-received
Palavras-chave: Aço inoxidável; Super duplex;
samples. The regions of high temperature and low
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
Corrosão.
strain rate exhibit good workability with a refined
final microstructure of dynamically recrystallized
grains. 3:00pm
resistência à corrosão do aço super austenítico frente à corrosão tem enorme importância
na condição solubilizada. O aumento da prática. Este trabalho descreve resultados
dureza provocado pelo encruamento reduz da medida do potencial de corrosão de
a resistência à corrosão do aço inoxidável em estacas de aço cravadas em diferentes locais
meio de cloreto. da cidade de Santos, SP. Os resultados
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
Phosphate.
ferrita.
Palavras-chave: Aço microligado; Evolução
Tarde / Afternoon microestrutural; Refino de grão; Trabalho a
morno.
Forjamento / Forging
2:00pm
14h Study of the MICROSTRUcTURAL
evolution of a warm forged
24547 HSLA Steel
ESTUDO DA EVOLUÇÃO
MICROESTRUTURAL DE UM AÇO The development of the automotive industry
MICROLIGADO SUBMETIDO A UM demands innovation both in the engineering
FORJAMENTO A MORNO materials, as well as in the conformation processes.
Wilson Alexander Hormaza Rodriguez – UFSC Due to these new requirements, the properties of
Carlos Augusto Silva de Oliveira – UFSC mild steels have been improved by grain refinement
Gabriel Mauricio Castro Güiza – UFSC
and precipitation hardening. The aforementioned
O desenvolvimento da indústria mechanisms are activated by minute additions
automobilística exige inovações na área of carbide, nitride and carbonitride forming
de materiais de engenharia assim como de elements, such as Ti, Nb and V. The resulting
processos. A partir desta necessidade, as steels are classified as High Strength Low Alloy
propriedades dos aços baixo e médio carbono (HSLA), combining high strength with low
podem ser melhoradas com a precipitação e production cost. An additional way of inducing
refino de grão associado à adição de pequenas a grain refinement in these materials is through
quantidades de elementos formadores de a thermomechanical process, specifically designed
nitretos, carbonetos e carbonitretos. Aços to obtain a predetermined structure. There, the
baseados nestes princípios podem classificar- grain size is reduced by a careful control of the
se como aços microligados, apresentando nucleation and growth kinetics. In this research,
elevados níveis de resistência mecânica e the effect of warm forging in grain refinement of
tenacidade sem aumentos significativos nos a HSLA steel is evaluated. Initially, some samples
custos de fabricação. No entanto, um dos were heated to 550°C, following several degrees of
métodos de obtenção de estruturas refinadas deformation (40%, 60% and 80%) and quenching
na indústria é mediante o processamento in water. Subsequently, they were subcritically
termomecânico com o propósito de se atingir annealed for a time ranging from 1 minutes to 10
uma microestrutura predeterminada. Assim minutes and, finally, cooled again in water. The
o refino obtido é baseado no controle da microstructural evolution and the mechanical
cinética de nucleação e crescimento de behaviour of these steel were evaluated through
grão. Neste trabalho foi estudado o efeito optical microscopy, scanning and transmission
do forjamento a morno no refino de grão electron microscopy, and hardness testing. The
de um aço microligado. Inicialmente, warm forging process was effective in obtaining
as amostras foram aquecidas a 550°C, a refined microstructure associated to the ferrite
deformadas através de um processo de recrystallization.
forjamento (40%, 60% e 80%) e resfriadas Keywords: HSLA steel; Microstructural
em água. Em seguida foram recozidas na evolution; Grain refinement; Warm working.
região subcrítica por tempos variando de 1
min a 10 min e novamente resfriadas em água.
A evolução microestrutural, assim como o
comportamento mecânico deste aço, foram
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C47
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
17h20 5:20pm
24872 TRIBOLOGICAL TESTS FOR
Ensaios tribológicos para OBTAINING THE COEFFICIENT OF
obtenção do coeficiente de FRICTION OF A STEEL TOOL WITH
atrito de um aço ferramenta TREATMENT SURFACE OF PLASMA
molde. Por fim, os resultados mostram que a quente foram realizados em corpos de
o aumento da velocidade de lingotamento prova com diâmetro de 10 mm, usinados de
gera um aumento na transferência de calor. um pino bruto de 30 mm de diâmetro. Os
Palavras-chave: Lingotamento contínuo;
ensaios foram realizados a frio (temperatura
ambiente) e a quente (200°C, 300°C, 350°C,
ORAL - ABM | July 22nd
increasing the graphite amount in the material. mm X-80 per year in China. The metallurgical
The metallographic analysis reveals the occurrence principles and history of the development are
of this phenomenon. Increases in exposure time presented in details in this paper.
at elevated temperatures also contributed to the Keywords: API X80, Acicular Ferrite/Bainite,
perlite degeneration.
The use of 2,25Cr-1Mo-0,25V steel increased high strength pipe steel grade with improved sour
significantly in hydrotreating reactors due to its service resistance for the linepipe industry.
excellent creep, high toughness and corrosion
Keywords: HIC; API 5L; Sour service; H2S; Nb
resistance. However, the presence of retained
microalloy; Low Mn.
austenite can reduce that mechanical properties.
The aim of this work was to study the influence
of the microstructure of 2,25Cr-1Mo-0,25V, 17h
which was obtained by different heat treatment,
24454
on the diffusivity and solubility of hydrogen. The
study included a color tint-ecthing to reveal the Influência da microestrutura
retained austenite and electrochemical permeation na resistência a corrosão sob
tensão de aços HSS em ambiente
tests. Results showed that permeation of sample
aquoso contendo H2S
tempered at 550ºC (Dapp = 4,6 x 10-12 m2/s ) has a
lower diffusion coefficient compared to the samples Rafael Utsch Braga – UFMG
Dayanna Moreira Duarte – Vallourec Tubos do Brasil
tempered at 375ºC (Dapp = 6,9 x 10-11 m2/s) and
S.A.
tempered at 730ºC (Dapp = 3,4 x10-11m2/s). Cesar Afonso Weis Olea – Vallourec Tubos do Brasil
Keywords: 2,25Cr-1Mo-0,25V steels; Retained S.A.
austenite; Electrochemical permeation; Vicente Tadeu Lopes Buono – UFMG
Diffusivity of hydrogen. Neste trabalho foi analisada a influência da
microestrutura de diferentes composições
16h40
químicas de aço de alta resistência (HSS,
do inglês High Strength Steel) na resistência
24781 à corrosão sob tensão assistida por sulfetos
CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW (SSC, do inglês Sulfide Stress Corrosion). Quatro
LOW MANGANESE, NIOBIUM aços ao boro com quantidades variáveis de
microalloyed STEEL FOR SOUR V e Ti foram tratados termicamente para
SERVICE atingir propriedades mecânicas de aços de
Mario González Ramírez – USP alta resistência. A resistência à corrosão do
Neusa Alonso Falleiros – USP material foi avaliada de acordo com a norma
Hélio Goldenstein – USP NACE-TM0177 Método D, utilizando corpos
Frank Barbaro – University of Wollongong de prova do tipo DCB. A microestrutura dos
The safe transport of sour gas requires steels aços foi caracterizada utilizando microscopia
with enhanced hydrogen induced cracking eletrônica de varredura (MEV) através da
(HIC) resistance. Centerline segregation bands análise de réplicas de carbono, por meio
of high hardness microconstituents and non- das quais foram determinados o tamanho
metallic inclusions are the heterogeneities usually e a distribuição dos precipitados, cuja
linked to HIC failures in pipeline steels. Full- composição química foi avaliada através
scale production heats of a new low Mn, Nb de espectroscopia por dispersão de energia
microalloyed steel were produced by different (EDS). Foi observada uma influência do teor
steel mills aiming at the application in sour gas de V, sendo o acréscimo de V favorável ao
environments. The new alloy design provides both aumento da resistência à corrosão. O aumento
effective strengthening and control of sulphide do tamanho médio de precipitados de CrMo
inclusions. Coil microstructure consisted of fine através do coalescimento dos mesmos
grained ferrite with a small volume fraction of também mostrou-se eficaz para melhorar a
uniformly dispersed eutectoid aggregates. Most resistência a corrosão sob tensão em meio
importantly the microstructure was uniform in contendo H2S. As propriedades mecânicas e
both the longitudinal and transverse directions
and exhibited exceptional consistency. Samples
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C59
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
TEMPERATURE OXIDATION-
22 de julho / July 22st
CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF FERRITIC oxidation at high temperature (800 0C) for long
STAINLESS STEELS FOR SOLID OXIDE periods of time (up to 3,600 hours) and mass gains
ORAL
8h
Ginástica Laboral 8:20am
physical model of inclusion
8h20 removal in continuous casting
tundish
24772
MODELAgem FÍSICa DA REMOÇÃO The search for improve the steel quality, mainly in
DE INCLUSÕES NO DISTRIBUIDOR DE the case of clean steel, is the reason to the tundish
LINGOTAMENTO CONTÍNUO also to be employed to inclusion removal. These
Elisa Araujo Santos Darsie – UFRGS inclusions can strongly damage the mechanical
Paula Rodrigues Caumo – UFRGS proprieties of steel. The effectiveness of this tundish
Felipe das Dores Machado – UFRGS function demands the knowledge of the flow
Magda Beatriz Galant François – UFRGS
characteristics of metallic bath and it can propose
Antônio Cezar Faria Vilela – UFRGS
modifications on the tundish configuration. This
A busca na melhoria da qualidade dos aços, knowledge can be acquired by using the physical
principalmente no caso de aços limpos, fez modeling to simulate the involved phenomenon.
com que o distribuidor de lingotamento The objective of this work is to evaluate four
continuo também seja empregado para a internal configurations of tundish using the
remoção das inclusões responsáveis por physical model of the fluid flow characterization
prejudicar as propriedades mecânicas dos and inclusion removal. The variables used in this
aços. Uma melhor eficiência desta função study are speed of ingoting, presence of dams
do distribuidor pode ser atingida com o and presence of submerged inlet shroud. The
conhecimento das características do results presented to the tundish used in this work
escoamento do banho metálico de modo show that, in case of the use of submerged inlet
que se possam propor modificações na shroud, associated with the use of dams, the fluid
configuração do distribuidor. Esses fenômenos flow becomes predominantly upflow eliminating
de escoamento e remoção de inclusões podem the bypass flow and it is favorable to removal of
C62 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
9h 9:00am
ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF
24303
MINERAL BASED COMMERCIAL
ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO CUTTING FLUID COMPARED WITH
DO FLUIDO DE CORTE INTEGRAL BIODEGRADABLE FORMULATIONS IN
COMERCIAL COMPARATIVAMENTE GRINDING PROCESS
COM FORMULAÇÕES
BIODEGRADÁVEIS NO PROCESSO DE The grinding process is used to manufacture
RETIFICAÇÃO
components requiring excellent dimensional
Cintia Braga – CEFET-MG precision with high quality surface finish. The
Leonardo Roberto da Silva – CEFET-MG performance of this process depends heavily on
Evanilton José Alves Barbosa – CEFET-MG
the lubrication and cooling conditions produced
Izabela Silva Bicalho – CEFET-MG
Felipe Amaral Oliveira – CEFET-MG by cutting fluids, which are used to reduce the
Helane Lúcia Oliveira de Morais – CEFET-MG problems that affect surface integrity of the parts,
14h20
This work aimed to study the fatigue crack growth
24428 resistance of welded joints of two ferritic stainless
INFLUÊNCIA DO APORTE TÉRMICO steels (grades S40910 and S41003), with notch
DE SOLDAGEM NO CRESCIMENTO in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The fatigue tests
DE TRINCA POR FADIGA EM were performed on welded joints produced by Gas
JUNTAS SOLDADAS DE DOIS AÇOS Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), and also on the
INOXIDÁVEIS FERRÍTICOS
base metals. Welding was performed in 2 energy
Túlio César Nogueira – Universidade Federal de levels, using an AWS SFA 5.9 E308 LSi wire.
Ouro Preto Fatigue tests were performed under load control
Vitor Pereira Alves – Universidade Federal de Ouro
Preto
and R ratio = 0.1. The results were obtained using
Leonardo Barbosa Godefroid – Universidade Federal the methodology of fracture mechanics (da/dN vs.
de Ouro Preto ΔK curves), with characterization of regions I and
Geraldo Lúcio de Faria – Universidade Federal de II of the sigmoidal fatigue crack growth curve.
Ouro Preto Microstructures and fractures were also observed
Paulo José – Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto through optical microscopy and scanning electron
Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar microscopy, respectively, as a support to justify
a resistência ao crescimento de trinca por the fatigue behavior of the specimens. Although
fadiga de juntas soldadas de aços inoxidáveis the two steels have distinct behavior, it was
ferríticos do tipo UNS S40910 e UNS S41003, possible to conclude that the welded joints showed
com entalhe na ZTA. Os ensaios de fadiga no effect of heat supply, not being influenced by
foram realizados em juntas soldadas com microstructural changes in the HAZ.
alta e baixa energia de soldagem realizadas Keywords: Fatigue crack growth; Welded joints;
pelo processo GMAW, tendo como metal Ferritic stainless steels.
de adição o consumível austenítico ER 308
LSi, e em amostras do metal de base de
ambos os aços. Os ensaios foram realizados
sob controle de carga com a amplitude
de carregamento constante, e razão R
entre tensões de 0,1. Os resultados foram
obtidos na forma de curvas (da/dN) vs.
ΔK, com caracterização das regiões I e II do
crescimento de trinca por fadiga. Analisou-
se também os aspectos microestruturais e
fratográficos por intermédio de microscopia
ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura,
respectivamente, como suporte para se
justificar o comportamento sob fadiga das
amostras. Embora os dois aços tenham
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C65
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
14h40 2:40pm
SUPERFICIAL AND
25033
MICROSTRUCTURAL EVALUATION OF
AVALIAÇÃO SUPERFICIAL E NIOBIUM WELD BEADS TREATED BY
MICROESTRUTURAL DE CORDÕES PLASMA BASED ION IMPLANTATION
DE SOLDA DE NIÓBIO TRATADOS
TERMICAMENTE VIA IMPLANTAÇÃO The present work evaluates the influence of surface
IÔNICA POR IMERSÃO EM PLASMA
treatment on niobium sheet by nitrogen plasma
Maria Fernanda Gonçalves de Oliveira – Unifesp bases ion implantation (PBII), previously welded
Denis Angelo da Silva – Unifesp using laser beam technology. The results have
Aline Capella de Oliveira – Unifesp
shown a significant change in the material surface
Rogério Moraes Oliveira – INPE
Rudimar Riva – Institute for Advanced Studies after the PBII treatment with the formation
of niobium nitrides on the material surface.
O objetivo do trabalho é estudar a viabilidade In general, nitrides of refractory materials
até commodities, como o PET, PP e PE. angle and mechanical tests (Young’s modulus,
Estudos com algodão, material em grande tensile strength and elongation at break). The
produção e baixo custo, retratam ganhos analysis showed that the addition of cotton fiber
nas propriedades mecânicas sem perda da compensates for the loss of mechanical strength
biodegradabilidade em compósitos. Assim, caused by the addition of TPS. Both the fiber and
este trabalho objetivou preparar, por meio starch increased the wettability of the composites.
de homogeneizador termocinético KMixer e Keywords: Biodegradable starch; Poly(lactic
prensa térmica, placas de compósitos de PLA acid); PLA-Cotton composites; Natural cotton
contendo amido (0, 3 e 5% m/m) e fibras de fibers.
algodão in natura processadas (0, 10 e 20%
m/m). As amostras foram caracterizados por
15h20
espectroscopia na região do infravermelho
com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), ângulo 24619
de contato estático e ensaios mecânicos
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
SÍNTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE
(módulo de Young, resistência à tração e ALUMINA DOPADA COM ESTRÔNCIO
alongamento na ruptura). As análises VIA MOAGEM ÚMIDA
mostraram que a adição de fibra de algodão
Ivy Frazão – Centro Universitário da FEI
compensa a perda de resistencia à tração Gilberto José Pereira – Centro Universitário da FEI
ocasionada pela adição de TPS. Tanto a fibra
como o amido aumentaram a molhabilidade O presente projeto teve como objetivo a
do compósito. síntese com alta homogeneidade química,
utilizando a reações no estado sólido através
Palavras-chave: Amido biodegradável; Poli
de moagem úmida, envolvendo alumina em
(ácido lático); Compósitos PLA-algodão; Fibras
de algodão natural. sua fase mais estável (corundum) dopada
com íons de estrôncio. Foram utilizados
como fonte de Sr2+ tanto óxidos quanto
3:00pm nitratos e carbonatos e variou-se também
COMPOSITES PLA-STARCH-COTTON o meio de moagem (aquoso e alcoólico), a
WITH HIGH NATURAL FIBER temperatura de calcinação e a concentração
CONTENT de dopante. Para a caracterização do material
foram realizadas difrações de raios-x e
With increasing environmental care, biodegradable espectrometria por fluorescência. O potencial
polymers have gained important role in the world catalítico da alumina dopada com Sr2+ é
market. In particular, starch is a highlight due to conhecido para reações de transesterificação, e
its low price and high demand, however it has os estudos deste sistema que são encontrados
great mechanical fragility and its films are very na literatura apontam para a formação de
hydrophilic. Another important biodegradable compostos intermediários, porém utilizando
polymer is poly(lactic acid) which has a high diferentes rotas de síntese. Os resultados
mechanical resistance and transparency when preliminares indicam que por moagem
compared to thermoplastic starch, enabling úmida não há a formação de compostos
their application in food packages. However, intermediários.
the PLA still has a high cost when compared to
Palavras-chave: Alumina; Estrôncio; Síntese por
starch and commodities, such as PET, PP and mistura de óxidos.
PE. Studies with cotton, a low cost fiber and a
large production material, portrays an increase
in the mechanical properties without loss of 3:20pm
composite’s biodegradability. Thus, this study Synthesis and characterization
aimed to prepare, through KMixer homogenizer of alumina doped with
and thermal press, plates of PLA composites strontium by wet milling
containing starch (0, 3 and 5% w/w) and cotton
fibers, in nature, (0, 10 and 20% w/w). The This project aimed to the synthesis with high
samples were characterized by fourier transform chemical homogeneity, adopting the reactions
infrared spectrometry (FTIR), static contact in the solid state through wet milling, which
comprises alumina in its most stable phase
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C67
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
8h40 8:40am
INTEGRATION OF OPERATION AND
24371
MAINTENANCE IN THE FINISHING
Integração de operação e PROCESS OF HOT ROLLED COILS IN
manutenção no processo de ARCELORMITTAL TUBARÃO
acabamento de bobinas da
ArcelorMittal Tubarão The search for competitiveness in ArcelorMittal
Caetano Nunes da Silva – ArcelorMittal Tubarão Tubarão create an interest in new possibilities
Vinicius Detemann Muniz – ArcelorMittal Tubarão for integration of operation and maintenance
Flávio de Araújo Porto – ArcelorMittal Tubarão in industrial areas, being treated here the
Alamir da Luz Júnior – ArcelorMittal Tubarão
Eduardo Rodrigo Gasparini – ArcelorMittal Tubarão
experience of the coils finishing area. The work
Alexandre Maestri Nascimento – ArcelorMittal focuses on: 1. cultural change – which has been
Tubarão continuously worked with the teams and has
Gabriel Pimenta – ArcelorMittal Tubarão reinforced principles as the sense of ownership,
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
Júlio Cesar Wandekoken – ArcelorMittal Tubarão autonomy and integration; 2. functions exchange
Ubirajara Bermudes Coutinho – ArcelorMittal Tubarão
– contributing for the operation and maintenance
A busca por competitividade despertou na activities were known by all; 3. routine changes,
ArcelorMittal Tubarão interesse em novas with introduction of shared meetings, inspections
possibilidades de integração de operação e and reports – to improve information exchange
manutenção nas áreas fabris, sendo retratado between operation and maintenance; 4. change in
nesse trabalho a experiência da área de the physical location of teams – accommodation
acabamento de bobinas. O trabalho enfoca: of operation and maintenance teams closer each
1. a mudança cultural – que vem sendo other and with the main equipments; and finally,
continuamente trabalhada com as equipes 5. autonomous maintenance – with training and
e tem reforçado princípios como o senso some maintenance performed by operators. The
de propriedade, autonomia e integração; integration process has shown remarkable results
2. o incentivo ao intercâmbio entre funções on safety, operational stability and cost.
– contribuindo para que as atividades da Keywords: Integration; Operation; Maintenance;
operação e manutenção fossem conhecidas Management.
por todos; 3. alterações na rotina, com a
introdução de reuniões, inspeções e relatórios
9h
compartilhados – para melhor troca de
informações entre as equipes de operação 24373
e manutenção; 4. mudança na localização Planejamento de grandes
física das equipes – com a acomodação das reformas de usinas de
equipes de operação e manutenção mais pelotização utilizando a
próximas entre si e dos equipamentos; e metodologia de gerenciamento
por fim, 5. a implantação da manutenção de projetos IPA (Independent
autônoma – com a capacitação e realização Project Analysis)
de intervenções de manutenção pelos Bruno Miranda de Miranda – Samarco Mineração S/A
operadores. Com a melhoria da integração Manoel José Pedrosa Filho – Samarco Mineração S/A
têm sido obtidos resultados expressivos de João Guilherme da Cruz – Independent Project
segurança, estabilidade operacional e custo. Analysis Latin America Ltda.
2:20pm
INCREASING THE RELIABILITY OF
THE bulldozers 345 FLEET in
MARIANA COMPLEX
these equipments experienced in the last Oct/12 era feito por um profissional habilitado na
to Ago/13. In response was developed Six Sigma área elétrica. Resultado: A implantação deste
Project to increase the reliability measured by sistema permite realizar os procedimentos
the MTBF indicator, the formula is this: work no disjuntor em local seguro, chamado zona
hours divided number of corrective failures. The livre, distante do raio de ação de qualquer
project was based on analysis tools and solves energia proveniente de um arco elétrico.
problems from Oct/12 to Ago/13. The mean Conclusão: O projeto permitiu a remoção do
MTBF was 29.39 hours with 47 hours regarding risco para o eletricista durante a operação
benchmark. To establishing the target the “Lacuna do disjuntor, deixando-o livre de qualquer
methodology” was implemented. After defining possível contato com a energia proveniente
the target Priority Tools was used in the Relevant de uma falha no disjuntor.
Focus. Under focus found the “Variability
Palavras-chave: Disjuntor; Comando remoto;
analysis” and “Proportion Letters” were used. IHM; Segurança.
For each cause classified and prioritized, actions
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
e o Braço de Medição, foi possível aumentar período de chuva saindo de 7.937hs para
a disponibilidade da usinagem, diminuir 8.340hs, até março de 2013, utilizando a
o tempo de inspeção de peças, acelerar o metodologia PDCA / DMAIC.
processo de decisão dos reparos, reduzir Palavras-chave: Pneu.
o tempo de entrega dos equipamentos,
aumentar a confiabilidade das inspeções, além
de e efetuar eventuais serviços de medição 5:20pm
em campo. INCREASE CAT 785 TRUCK TIRES LIFE
Palavras-chave: Inspeção tridimensional. IN MINES ALEGRIA AND FÁBRICA
NOVA
numerical analysis based on chemical composition lingotes passaram pelos processos mecânicos
to estimate both yield and tensile strength of the de usinagem e laminação para obtenção
raw materials. The numerical analysis was also de corpos de prova com quatro distintos
used to formulate a model, so that knowing the diâmetros (2,7; 3,0; 3,8; 4,0) mm a fim de
final diameter of the product the yield strength and aproximar estes das bitolas utilizadas em
the tensile strength of the steel were determined. indústrias de cabos elétricos. Todas as ligas
Thus it was possible to improve the organization foram caracterizadas macroestruturalmente
of the raw material and the correct use of the wire analisando as estruturas brutas de fusão,
drawing dies according to each manufacturer and eletromecanicamente por meio do ensaio de
the desired property. tração [σ] e condutividade elétrica [%IACS].
Keywords: Wiredrawing; Numerical analysis; Posteriormente, para a melhor compreensão
Civil steel industry (CA-60). dos resultados foram avaliados os valores de
alongamento [δ%] indicando que o diâmetro
3,00mm é a modificação com 0,05%Ti foram
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
8:40am
Produtos Metálicos Não-Ferrosos
Non Ferrous Metallic Products EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF
COLD WORK ON Al-Cu-05% [0.24-0.28]
%-Fe-0,7%Si MODIFIED SOLUTES
8h
Ti AND Ni ON THE PROPERTIES
Keynote speaker ELECTROMECHANICAL
Antonio Maschietto – Instituto Procobre
The present work was conducted to study the
Tendências e desafios do cobre e suas ligas /
effect of titanium elements (content of 0.05%)
Trends and challenges in copper and its alloys
and nickel (content of 0.03%) in the alloy Al-
8h40 0, 05%Cu-[0, 24 to 0, and 28] %Fe-0, 7%Si
for transmission and distribution of electricity.
24406 Thus, an operational sequence was adopted to
AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO DO characterize the structures provided by the leagues.
TRABALHO A FRIO SOBRE A LIGA Solidification processes were carried out via
Al-0,05%Cu-[0,24-0,28] %Fe-0,7%Si steel chill (“U”). After solidified alloys, ingots
MODIFICADA COM OS SOLUTOS Ti passed by mechanical machining and lamination
e Ni RELATIVO ÀS PROPRIEDADES for obtaining specimens with four different
ELETROMECÂNICAS
diameters (2.7, 3.0, 3.8, and 4.0) mm in order
Everaldo Afonso Fernandes – UFPA to bring them from the gauges used in electrical
Whellisson da Silva Dias – UFPA cable industries. All alloys were characterized
Jessiana Avelar de Lima – UFPA
Isabella Cristina da Silva Jorge – UFPA
macroestruturalmente analyzing gross fusion
José Maria do Vale Quaresma – UFPA constructs, electromechanically through the tensile
test [σ] and electrical conductivity [%IACS].
O presente trabalho foi realizado com a Subsequently, to better understand the results
finalidade de estudar o efeito dos elementos the values of elongation [%δ] were evaluated
titânio (teor de 0,05%) e de níquel (teor indicating that the diameter of 3.00 mm is the
de 0,03%) na liga Al-0,05%Cu-[0,24-0,28] modification with 0.05%Ti were the best reported
%Fe-0,7%Si para fins de transmissão e results.
distribuição de energia elétrica. Dessa forma,
foi adotada uma sequência operacional a fim Keywords: Titanium; Nickel; Electromechanical
properties; Hardening.
de caracterizar as estruturas apresentadas
pelas ligas. Os processos de solidificação
foram realizados via coquilha de aço (forma
de “U”). Depois de solidificadas as ligas, os
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C77
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
2:40pm
BEHAVIOR OF COPPER CONTAINING
LEAD
24858
15h
Remoção de boro de silício por
24730 tratamento a plasma
INFLUÊNCIA DA ADIÇÃO DE André Alexandrino Lotto – IPT
ARGÔNIO SOBRE A REDUÇÃO A João Batista Ferreira Neto – IPT
PLASMA DA HEMATITA
A demanda global por energia renovável
Anna Paula Littig Berger – IFES vem aumentando ao longo dos últimos
Adonias Ribeiro Franco Júnior – IFES
anos. A energia solar é uma energia limpa e
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a abundante, mas seu uso ainda é limitado por
influência da adição de argônio à atmosfera de causa dos preços altos e baixa eficiência das
redução a plasma sobre a redução de pós de células fotovoltaicas. O silício bruto, também
hematita. Os experimentos de redução foram chamado de silício de grau metalúrgico,
realizados em reator a plasma pulsado DC, tem sido alvo de muitos estudos visando
sob pressão de 533 Pa, temperatura de 380ºC, sua purificação a um nível suficiente para
tempo de 60 min, fluxo total de hidrogênio aplicações de energia solar por processos
e de argônio de 400 cm3/min e variando os mais baratos do que o processo convencional,
teores de argônio e hidrogênio. Os resultados chamado Processo Siemens. Neste trabalho,
mostram que os aglomerados de partículas 3 kg de silício de grau metalúrgico foram
após redução possuem um aspecto esponjoso. fundidos por plasma térmico numa atmosfera
Verificou-se que o uso de uma mistura gasosa de vapor de água, hidrogênio e argônio. O
contendo 2% de Ar e 98% de H2 permite um teor de boro foi reduzido de 10 ppm para 0,09
aumento de aproximadamente 7,76% na ppm em 18.000 s (5 horas), mostrando que o
fração de redução. processo poderia ser uma alternativa viável
ao processo tradicional por via química.
Palavras-chave: Redução; Plasma; Argônio;
Hematita. Palavras-chave: Purificação de silício; Remoção
de boro; Plasma.
C80 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
metallurgical grade silicon were melted by thermal processes followed by annealing treatments was
plasma in an atmosphere of water vapor, hydrogen applied to a ZK60A alloy (Mg-6%Zn-1%Zr)
and argon. The boron content was reduced from with the objective of investigating the conditions,
10 ppm to 0.09 ppm 18,000s (5 hours), showing which allowed grain size refinement. Forming
that the process could be a viable alternative to dies were developed to allow the incremental
traditional expensive process by chemical route. drawing of ZK60A round bars (received in the
T5 condition). The bars were cold worked to a
Keywords: Silicon purification; Boron removal;
Plasma.
7.8%, 15.4%, 22.6% and 29.4% reduction ratio.
After each deformation step, tensile properties and
hardness were evaluated. The recrystallization
15h40 process was investigated by submitting the 29.4%
cold worked samples to annealing treatments
24848
at 400°C, 350°C, 300°C, 250°C, 200°C and
PROPRIEDADES mecânicas E 150°C. The microstructure of strain-hardened and
RECRISTALIZAÇÃO ESTÁTICA
annealed specimens was characterized by optical
DA liga de magnésio ZK60A
conformada a frio por microscopy. Finally, the activation energy for the
trefilação recrystallization process of the cold drawn ZK60A
alloy could be determined.
Diogo de Oliveira Azevedo – PUC-Minas
Klaus Higor dos Santos Silva – PUC-Minas Keywords: Magnesium alloy; Cold-forming;
Gilmar Cordeiro Silva – PUC-Minas annealing; Activation energy.
Pedro Brito – PUC-Minas
em forno elétrico a arco VAR (Vacuum Arc The analysis of XRD indicates the existence of
Remelting) nas condições: encruada e tratada a Zr-α, hexagonal compact matrix for all the
termicamente. As análises de difração de conditions of thermomechanical treatment. After
raios-X indicam a existência de uma matriz the hydrogenation, ZrH and ZrH2 were formed.
Zr-α, hexagonal compacto, para todas as The results of Vickers microhardness test show
condições de tratamentos térmicos. Após a a reduction of hardness after the treatment of
hidrogenação, ocorreu a formação de ZrH e 700°C/1 h and, for the treatments of 800°C/2 h
ZrH2. Os hidretos formados são de pequeno and 800°C/6 h, a gradual increase were observed
volume e não conectados para as amostras from fine precipitates. The image of electron
laminada e tratada a 700°C/1 h e 800°C/2 h, micrograph (MEV) confirms the recrystallization
sendo que a condição de 800°C por 6 h obteve of the 800°C/6 h indicated by the reduction of
a maior quantidade de hidretos por área e microhardness compared with the cold-rolled one.
alguns hidretos conectados. Em todas as The images of optical microscopy show hydrides
condições os hidretos se encontram espaçados not connected of low volume distributed along
de ligas metálicas não ferrosas. X65 para dutos resistentes ao serviço ácido
(Sour Service) / Joint development by Usiminas,
Palavras-chave: Laminação; Orowan; Ekelund; TenarisConfab and Petrobras of API 5L-X65 steel
Bland & Ford. for sour service pipelines
8h40
5:00pm
DEVELOPMENT OF A SYSTEM OF 24732
CONTROL AND AUTOMATION FOR Relação entre quantificação
STUDY OF ROLLING PROCESS OF microestrutural e
NON-FERROUS METALS ON THE MILL comportamento mecanico de
MACHINE IN REVERSE DUO 8 TON aços api/dnv para linepipes
Rodrigo Galves De Lucca – Tenaris
Automation of Machine rolling mill reversible Sergio Henrique dos Santos – Tenaris
duo 8 tons goes by determining the strength of Izabela Ferreira Girão – Tenaris
lamination cylinders during the deformation Benedito Carlos Cavalheiro – Tenaris
process of nonferrous metal plate, which makes the Marcelo Re Salani – Tenaris
Ronaldo Cristiano da Silva – Tenaris
direct measurement of force in rolls of the rolling
Marcelo Carlos Fritz – Tenaris
mill by a force sensor or by use of mathematical
models applied to the rolling process of alloys. As tendências do mercado são de utilizar
The present work aims to study the models tubos com maior resistência e tenacidade para
Orowan, Ekelund and Bland & Ford applied to a temperatura de projeto. Resultados obtidos
the prediction of rolling load of nonferrous alloys. em testes de laboratório para diferentes
Samples in extruded flat bars with 6.35 mm (¼ ordens de produção e graus, a partir de
“) thick aluminum alloy 6063-T5, 300 mm long testes de tração de chapas e tubos, juntamente
and 50.8 mm (2”) wide, were laminated. Its final com a quantificação microestrutural,
dimensions were obtained by a measuring scale proporcionam uma oportunidade para
and universal caliper, and the data processed melhor compreender e quantificar a influência
by computer routines developed specifically de cada fase sobre o comportamento das
for the implementation of the aforementioned propriedades mecânicas do material. A
mathematical models. The results realized that presença de maiores quantidades de ferrita
the implementation of models Orowan, Ekelund acicular/ferrita poligonal, em vez de ferrita
and Bland & Ford through computational routines poligonal/perlita, geram um aumento das
can be very useful in predicting the load rolling propriedades mecânicas durante a formação
of nonferrous alloys. do tubo, bem como uma forma bem definida
do comportamento de tensão-deformação, o
Keywords: Lamination; Orowan; Ekelund; Bland
& Ford.
que é benéfico em aplicações de strain based
design.
Palavras-chave: Quantificação microestrutural;
Comportamento mecânico; Linepipe; ARBL.
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C83
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
2:40pm
ORE TRANSPORTATION
PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS
ACHIEVED THROUGH THE
APPLICATION OF NIOBIUM
MICROALLOYED STEELS IN DUMP
TRUCK BUCKETS
subsequent quenching promoted by the stamping improve the understanding of the role of copper
matrix.Parts obtained by this technique can show and nickel on the problem of “hot shortness”.
strength levels until 1.6Gpa, therefore far above
Keywords: Hot shortness; Weathering steels;
of the similar parts obtained by cold stamping
Nickel; Copper; Cracks.
or by the employment of high strength steels.
The process allows effective weight reduction in
major structural and safety car componentes, 17h40
dimensional quality, high mechanical strength and
24704
fracture toughness, these characteristics essential
to an efficient production process and to produce Análise técnico-gerencial da
a safe product, thus meeting the needs imposed produção de eixos motrizes
recuperados por soldagem
by Inovarauto.
Heretiano Dalmacio Sampaio Junior – Inspebras
Keywords: Steels, autoparts, Inovarauto; hot Willy Ank de Morais – Unisanta
stamping; 22MnB5.
Neste trabalho será apresentado o
detalhamento das atividades necessárias à
5:20pm realização dos serviços de recuperação de
25018 eixos comuns de acionamento de grandes
equipamentos mecânicos. Apesar do ideal
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ROLE OF
ser o emprego de eixos sobressalentes
COPPER IN CAUSING AND NICKEL IN
PREVENTING THE “HOT SHORTNESS” para substituição do eixo fraturado, dando
IN STEELS continuidade aos trabalhos sem interrupção
dos serviços, as técnicas demonstradas neste
O. Comineli – UFES
trabalho mostram ser viável tecnicamente
J.J.Jonas – McGill University
e economicamente a recuperação de eixos
An extensive investigation into the role of low fraturados por soldagem.
copper contents on the hot ductility of C-Mn-
Palavras-chave: Eixos; Soldagem; Manutenção
Al steels has been carried out in order to better
understanding the problem of “hot shortness”.
Previous work has suggested that this problem 5:40pm
results from the build up of Cu that occurs at ANALYSIS TECHNICAL AND
the surface of the steel as a consequence of the MANAGERIAL OF THE PRODUCTION
preferential oxidation of iron. This causes the OF SHAFTS RECOVERED BY WELD
formation of a Cu-rich film of low melting point.
A nickel addition has been reported as a solution In this work will be presented in detail the
to the problem, since it increases the solubility of activities necessary to achieve the recovery of
copper in the austenite. After hot tensile testing joint drive shafts of large mechanical equipment
to failure, samples of Cu-containing steels have services. Despite being ideal employment axle
been examined using optical, scanning and parts for replacement of the fractured shaft,
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C89
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
continuing to work without interruptions, the been considered. This paper evaluates the use of
techniques demonstrated in this work show that it coatings of copper and nickel, with particles of
is technically and economically feasible recovering La2O3, Y2O3, CeO2, LaCrO3 and doped chromites
fractured axles by welding. applied on ferritic stainless steels AISI 430,
Keywords: Shaft; Welding; Maintenance.
AISI 441 and Crofer22APU produced by
electrodeposition. The produced samples were
evaluated by microscopy techniques, gravimetric
analysis and by electrothermal characterization.
Sala 5 / Room 5
The most significant results were obtained with
chromites coatings (LaCrO3 pure, mono- and
Manhã / Morning multiple-doped) showing the combination of the
best features of metal coatings, substrates and
ceramic particles with semiconductor properties.
Materiais Cerâmicos, Compósitos e
8h
9h
Keynote speaker
24727
Hugo Borelli Resende – IPT
Determinação da resistência
Alguns desafios para o desenvolvimento de à flexão da alumina (Al2O3)
estruturas leves em fibra de carbono / Some entre 23°C e 850°C utilizando
challenges to overcome in the development of light dispositivo autocompensador
carbon fiber structures
Gustavo Henrique Bolognesi Donato – Centro
Universitário da FEI
8h40
Lucas Bertolli Parra – Centro Universitário da FEI
Fernando dos Santos Ortega – Centro Universitário
24259
da FEI
DEVELOPMENT AND Paulo Eduardo Batista de Mello – Centro Universitário
CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITE- da FEI
COATED INTERCONNECTS FOR
USE IN HIGH AND INTERMEDIATE A utilização de materiais cerâmicos em
TEMPERATURE FUEL CELLS componentes que operam em elevadas
temperaturas (p. ex.: trocadores de calor
Ananda Moreira Vaz Ourique de Avila – CEPEL
Rodrigo Dias – CEPEL cerâmicos que operam acima de 800°C)
Roberta Martins de Santana – CEPEL é vantajosa do ponto de vista térmico,
José Geraldo de Melo Furtado – CEPEL mas não é trivial em termos estruturais,
uma vez que estes materiais são frágeis e
High and intermediate temperature fuel cells
portanto, suscetíveis à fratura catastrófica.
(FC) are power generators characterized by high
Considerando a necessidade de materiais
efficiency and their use in cogeneration systems.
resistentes a elevadas temperaturas e que
The single fuel cells are connected in series by
garantam a integridade de aplicações como
the use of interconnects to form a fuel cell stack.
tais trocadores de calor, este trabalho investiga
Ferritic stainless steels have been used in the
as propriedades mecânicas da alumina α
making of high and intermediate temperature
(Al2O3) como função da temperatura na
operation solid oxide fuel cells interconnects.
faixa de 23°C a 850°C. Para tal, cem ensaios
However, at high temperatures, on the order of
de flexão em 4 pontos e ensaios adicionais
700-8500C, these steels can present significant
selecionados em 3 pontos foram realizados em
oxidation and degradation processes, promoting
amostras de seção transversal retangular de ~
increased electrical resistivity and corrosion losses
45 mm2 produzidas por gelcasting, técnica esta
that result in contamination of the electrodes
que tem grande potencial para moldar peças
and reducing the performance and the useful life
de geometria complexa. Os ensaios foram
of the FC. Intensive R&D activities have been
conduzidos empregando um dispositivo
made to minimize these problems and the use
fabricado em Inconel (superliga de Níquel-
of composite coatings on metallic substrate has
C90 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
2:40pm
LAMINATES COMPOSITE of LOAD OF
RED MUD AND SHORT FIBER MAUVE
test were produced plates unsaturated polyester ensaios de HDB realizados no mundo em
composites filled with a load of red mud and tubos de PRFV fabricados pelo mesmo
reinforced with randomly arranged fibers mauve. processo produtivo de enrolamento contínuo.
The resin used as the initiator and accelerator, Palavras-chave: Plástico reforçado com fibras
cobalt MEK- P (Butanox M-50). The composite de vidro; Compósitos; ASTM D-2992; HDB
of unsaturated polyester and reinforced load of red resistência à pressão hidrostática interna de longa
mud with mauve fibers were produced in the form duração.
of rectangular plates. The plates were produced
on a rectangular metal mold. Were produced 10
samples for each series. The mechanical tests were 3:00pm
based on according to ASTM 3039. And their ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURAL LIFE
microstructural characteristics were based on OF FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PIPE
analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (FRP) FOR THE USES OF POTABLE
WATER SUPPLY NETWORKS WITH LIFE
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
fabricação das telhas cerâmicas deve atender a tile in structural ceramic. The ceramic properties
requisitos de qualidade que são influenciados evaluated in fired specimens partially meet the
por suas características químicas, físicas, requirements of ceramic roof tiles.
mineralógicas e microestruturais, as quais Keywords: Clay; Characterization; Ceramic roof
controlam as propriedades das telhas. tile; Ceramics properties.
Este trabalho visa caracterizar a argila,
denominada Guandu, usada na fabricação
de telhas cerâmicas. Para esse fim a argila 15h40
foi submetida a ensaios de FRX, DRX, análise 25151
térmica diferencial e termogravimétrica,
Comportamento mecânico
MEV, limites de Atterberg e granulometria. de material compósito de
Corpos de prova foram conformados com a matriz poliéster reforçado
argila, secos a 110ºC e queimados em forno por resíduos da industria
industrial e após isso foram submetidos a
3:40pm 16h40
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF
24433
COMPOSITE MATERIAL POLYESTER
MATRIX REINFORCED FOR ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DAS
INDUSTRIAL WASTE WOOD PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DO
CONCRETO PADRÃO E CONCRETO
The exponential population growth has exerted COM ADIÇÃO DE FIBRAS VEGETAIS
high pressure on natural resources, this slowed Leonardo Lúcio de Araújo Gouveia – Universidade do
exploration has put into practice the reuse of Estado de Minas Gerais
waste as well as the development of materials Ricardo Luiz Perez Teixeira – Universidade Federal de
Itajubá
from renewable sources, it is essential to the Carlos Augusto de Souza Oliveira – Universidade
new logic of sustainable socio-environmental Federal de Itajubá
development. Among the most abundant waste Bruno Henrique Moreira Ferreira – Universidade do
generated by primary processing industries are Estado de Minas Gerais
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
residuals of the woods. The purpose of this paper Sheron Stephany Tavares – Universidade do Estado de
Minas Gerais
is to apply the reuse of this waste combined with
Carla Regina Ferreira – Universidade do Estado de
the production of Wood Plastic Composites or Minas Gerais
WPC, which used the residuals of quaruba and
marupá woods, generated from the use of circular Este trabalho objetiva o estudo da influência
saw, these woods were selected because they have da adição de fibras vegetais de bambu e
low density and is available between the woods cana-de-açúcar nas propriedades mecânicas
processed in the region. The same way were do concreto. Para este trabalho foram
used as purchased without surface treatment. confeccionados corpos-de-prova cilíndricos
The composites were fabricated by the manual e prismáticos nos quais foram adicionados
molding, without pressure and room temperature. 2% e 5% em volume das fibras à massa do
Subsequently the mechanical properties were concreto. Após a cura, conforme NBR 5738
evaluated by tests traction. The results obtained (2003) [1], os mesmos foram testados via
in this study allowed to identify that increasing ensaios de resistência à compressão conforme
the mass fraction of the reinforcement, reduces the NBR 5739 (2007) [2], resistência à tração
tensile strength of the composite. por compressão diametral, conforme NBR
7222 (2011) [3], resistência à tração na flexão
Keywords: Mechanical properties; Polyester;
conforme NBR 12142 (2010) [4] e módulo
Quaruba; Marupá.
de elasticidade estático, conforme NBR
8522(2008) [5]. Verificou-se após os testes
que todos os concretos produzidos atenderam
a resistência mínima a compressão de 20
MPa, recomendado pela NBR 6118 (2003)
[6] para fins estruturais. Foi observado um
aumento da resistência à compressão em
relação à mistura padrão. O concreto com
adição de fibras de bambu apresentou melhor
resistência mecânica em relação ao concreto
com adição das fibras de cana-de-açúcar e ao
concreto sem adição.
Palavras-chave: Concreto; Fibras; Propriedades
mecânicas; Construção civil.
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C95
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
machinability, moldability and adhesion. The of this paper is to study the technical feasibility of
results obtained show the possibility of industrial incorporating the blast furnace sludge in clayey
employment of these plugging masses mass used in the structural ceramic industry.
Keywords: Taphole; Mud plugging; Alumina;
Samples of blast furnace sludge and clay were
Binder. obtained and tested for chemical, mineralogical
and microstructural characterization. Samples
containing blast furnace sludge between 5%
17h40 and 90% were fired in the industrial furnace at
24896 a temperature 800°C and 900°C for 24 hours.
The following were evaluated: water absorption,
ESTUDO DA VIABILIDADE TÉCNICA
apparent porosity, bulk density, weight loss and
DE INCORPORAÇÃO DE LAMA DE
ALTO FORNO EM MASSA ARGILOSA mechanical strength. Studies show that the blast
furnace sludge contributes to energy saving and
Alessandra Savazzini dos Reis – IFES provides firing efficacy. The best results in the
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
14h40 15h
24381 24699
Efeito do teor de silício nas SIMULAÇÃO DA LAMINAÇÃO VIA
perdas histeréticas dos aços de STECKEL DE UM AÇO MICROLIGADO
grão não orientado AO NIÓBIO UTILIZANDO ENSAIOS DE
Adriano Alex de Almeida – USP
TORÇÃO
Ramon Valls Martins – IPT Nilo Nogueira da Silva – Senai
Fernando Jose Gomes Landgraf – USP Nilton José Lucinda de Oliveira – Senai
Thompson Junior Avila Reis – Senai
Dois aços de grão não orientado com 2,45 e Margareth Spangler Andrade – Senai
3,3 %Si com 7 amostras para cada liga, foram
estudados para compreensão do efeito do teor O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os
de silício nas perdas histeréticas. As amostras efeitos da temperatura de laminação na
foram recozidas com diferentes temperaturas microestrutura de um aço microligado ao
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
temperature below 870 °C. It was also observed rolling process by varying the temperature of
that the ferritic grain size increases with finishing the finishing passes. Interrupted torsion tests
rolling temperature. were conducted to evaluate the recrystallization
Keywords: Microalloyed steel; Steckel mill;
between passes. The torsion samples were analyzed
Torsion test; Hot rolling simulation; Nb. by optical microscopy and EBSD. As a result of
the work, favorable rolling schemes to promote
recrystallization have been established. These
15h20 schemes may provide subsidies for the establishing
24696 industrial hot rolling standard practice to promote
recrystallization of niobium stabilized ferritic
Recristalização durante
stainless steel.
a simulação de laminação
por ensaios de torção de Keywords: Rolling simulation; Ferritic stainless
aço inoxidável ferrítico steel; Recrystallization; Niobium; Ridging.
trabalho foca a redução de ferrita de zinco ambientais causados por resíduos sólidos
gerada em laboratório, principal composto de industriais. Muitos estudos feitos pelas
zinco presente nos pós de aciaria, por meio de indústrias ou por institutos de pesquisa
CO puro e misturas CO-CO2. A fenomenologia focam na destinação de um resíduo ou um
da redução considera a decomposição prévia pequeno grupo de resíduos. Este trabalho
seguida de reduções simultâneas, bem como tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de
as significativas influencias da temperatura, um sínter fabricado apenas com resíduos
do tempo e do teor de CO. siderúrgicos, no qual buscou-se utilizar todos
Palavras-chave: Reciclagem; Pós de aciaria;
os resíduos sólidos siderúrgicos fontes de
Cinética; Ferrita de zinco. ferro, carbono e óxido de cálcio e sem a
adição de minério de ferro. Foram elaboradas
6 misturas que foram aglomeradas a frio
3:00pm através da fabricação de micropelotas e uma
planta piloto foi utilizada para sinterizar estas
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
will be necessary a mass balance, aiming to know on replacing conventional lime per residue of
the limit of sinter made just with wastes that can marble and also of fluorite by calcium aluminate.
use in a Blast Furnace charge. The tests were performed at 1,600°C and samples
Keywords: Micro-pelletizing; Iron and
were removed periodically for 25 minutes in order
steelmaking wastes; Sinter; Blast furnace. to evaluate the desulfurization of the metal. The
results indicate the feasibility of using waste and
calcium aluminate slag for desulfurizing in steel.
15h40 Keywords: Marble waste; Synthetic slag,
Desulfurization.
25117
UTILIZAÇÃO DE RESÍDUO E
ALUMINATO DE CÁLCIO EM 16h40
SUBSTITUIÇÃO A CAL E A FLUORITA
EM ESCÓRIAS SINTÉTICAS 24913
injection of H2S. Immersion times comprehended Os resultados mostraram que mesmo após
0, 96 and 360 hours and the tensile tests were imersão, não houve modificação significativa
performed 12 days after the end of the exposure. na temperatura de transição do material,
The obtained results revealed a negligible effect apenas uma pequena diminuição da energia
on mechanical strength, stress-strain evolution absorvida. Esse comportamento sugere
and toughness. However, in all cases a larger que o teor de hidrogênio em solução sólida
scatter on mechanical properties was found for aumentou em função do tempo de imersão,
corroded samples. This behavior indicates that levando a tais resultados. O refinamento da
hydrogen affected the local micromechanism microestrutura e o baixo nível de inclusões
for fracture, but with negligible effects on the estão relacionados a baixa quantidade e
macroscopic monotonic mechanical properties. uniformidade da distribuição dos sítios de
This performance can be a result of the refined ancoramento de hidrogênio irreversível, o que
microstructure combined to the low incidence of pode explicar o desempenho obtido.
inclusions found in the studied steel, which can
estruturais.
24837
potEncial de corpos de prova 2:20pm
charpy pré-trincados (pcvn) na
determinação de curvas r e de Potential of precracked
propagação de trinca à fadiga charpy specimens (pcvn) for
de aços estruturais determining R curves and
fatigue crack growth rates of
Gustavo Henrique Bolognesi Donato – Centro structural steels
Universitário da FEI
Rodrygo Figueiredo Moço – Centro Universitário da
Mechanical testing regarding R curves (J vs.
FEI
Tatiane Rossi Merlo – Centro Universitário da FEI Δa – ductile extension of cracks) and fatigue crack
Felipe Cavalheiro Moreira – Centro Universitário da growth (da/dN vs. ΔK) are supported by standards
FEI such as ASTM E1820, ISO 12135 and ASTM
Maurício de Carvalho Silva – Centro Universitário da E647, which impose minimum dimensions to
FEI C(T) and SE(B) specimens in order to guarantee
Ensaios de curva R (J vs. Δa – crescimento SSY conditions and therefore validity of K and J.
dúctil de defeitos) e de propagação de trincas However, such requirements usually lead to large
por fadiga (da/dN vs. ΔK) são balizados por dimensions that make the extraction of samples
normas como a ASTM E1820, ISO 12135 e from real structures sometimes unfeasible. As
E647, as quais exigem dimensões mínimas an alternative, results from Koppenhoefer and
para as amostras C(T) ou SE(B) a fim de Dodds (1998) and more recently from Shin and
garantir condições SSY e portanto a validade Lin (2012) indicated the possibility of employing
de K e J. Entretanto, tais exigências usualmente miniature specimens (including precracked Charpy
conduzem a dimensões expressivas que geometries) for the experimental estimation of R
dificultam a retirada de amostras de chapas curves and da/dN vs. ΔK evolutions. The key
finas ou mesmo de muitas estruturas reais. concerns are: i) the feasibility of performing the
Como alternativa, estudos de Koppenhoefer tests in such small specimens with repeatability;
e Dodds (1998) e mais recentemente de Shin ii) to obtain valid crack driving forces during the
e Lin (2012) indicaram a possibilidade de uso tests, in order to guarantee similitude. As a step
de amostras em miniatura (inclusive Charpy in this direction, this work examines the potential
contendo pré-trinca) para determinação de of precracked Charpy specimens (10x10x70 mm)
curvas R e da/dN vs. ΔK. As grandes questões for determining R curves and da/dN vs. ΔK
são a viabilidade de ensaio de amostras evolutions. Both kinds of tests were conducted on
pequenas com repetibilidade e a adequada samples made of a structural ferritic steel using
avaliação dos limites de validade das forças a MTS 810 testing machine. Despite the reduced
motrizes nestas geometrias, a fim de garantir dimensions of the samples under investigation, all
condições de similitude. Como um passo nesta tests were successful and presented repeatability
direção, este trabalho investiga o potencial de and stability on the obtained experimental results.
amostras Charpy pré-trincadas (10x10x70mm)
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C113
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
This work is intended to establish a comparative 1010. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que
framework – based on the current scientific as chapas expandidas confeccionados de aços
literature – between mechanical properties and inoxidáveis apresentaram os melhores índices
behavior of neutron irradiated Stainless Steel and de resistência mecânica quando comparadas
Zirconium alloys which are widely employed as à chapa de aço ABNT 1010, mesmo este
structural components of nuclear facilities, like possuindo maior espessura.
nuclear reactors and submarines. The knowledge
about damage induced by neutronic irradiation in Palavras-chave: Chapas Expandidas; Aços
Inoxidáveis Ferríticos; Ensaios Mecânicos.
materials is of prime importance for engineering
design to avoid the occurrence of accidents.
Keywords: Nuclear materials; Stainless steels; 3:20pm
Zircaloy; Nuclear reactors. Structural and Mechanical
characterization of ferritic
stainless steel Expanded sheets
15h20
need to obtain the elastic ratio of the CA-60 coil diferentes valores de tensões aplicadas foram
stipulated by the standard. Evaluations were determinadas as constantes, A e n, da relação
performed in the following steps of the hot rolling de Norton. Com os resultados obtidos da taxa
process in order to get the wire rod: temperature de propagação de trinca por fluência, da/dt,
of the looping former, belt speed and air flow in em função do parâmetro C*, foi possível ser
the Stelmor process fans. These tests were initially modelada a equação da/dt = 1,1x10-3(C*)0,78. A
planned and performed in order to obtain a grain morfologia da fratura observada na região de
size greater than the current one, aiming to obtain crescimento de trinca por fluência no estado
a yield strength reduction. Then the wire rods estacionário apresentou modo de propagação
produced in the experiments were cold rolled to interdentrítica, típica de aços com estrutura
check the mechanical properties of the CA-60 austenítica bruta de fusão.
after the changes in the hot rolling process. The
Palavras-chave: Fluência; Propagação de trinca
hardening and strain relief during cold rolling por fluência; Aço ASTM A297-Nb; Integral-C*.
can cause changes in the mechanical properties
outward. Subsequent plastic straining causes cracks under fatigue and under EAC conditions
the stress state to remain on the yield surface, can be unified in an extended Kitagawa-Takahashi
which will translate to prevent the stress point diagram, a new and potentially very useful tool
from moving outside it according to a kinematic for material selection tasks.
hardening rule that models the Bauschinger effect. Keywords: Short cracks; Defect-tolerant criteria;
The accurate modeling of the yield surface shape Notch sensitivity in fatigue and EAC.
is fundamental to predict stress-strain relations.
In this work, the main yield surface equations for
isotropic materials are compared. Even though Sala 9 / Room 9
most materials can be modeled using Mises and
Tresca surfaces, other need to consider the effect on
the yield strength of the hydrostatic stress or the Tarde / Afternoon
normal stress acting on a critical plane. It is shown
that pressure-sensitive models originally devised
Diagramas de Fases e Transformações
for concrete can be applied to predict yielding in de Fases / Phase Diagrams and Phase
some materials, and even fatigue life for metallic Transformations
structures with short cracks.
Keywords: Multiaxial fatigue; Yield surface; 14h20
Pressure-sensitive materials. Keynote speaker
Gilberto Carvalho Coelho – USP
6:00pm Materiais para aplicações estruturais em ultra-
altas temperaturas / Materials for structural
25139
applications at ultra high temperatures
TOLERANCE TO SHORT CRACKS IN
FATIGUE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY 15h
ASSISTED CRACKING CONDITIONS
25477
Marco Antonio Meggiolaro – PUC-Rio
Jaime Tupiassú Pinho de Castro – PUC-Rio CÁLCULO DE ADIÇÃO DINÂMICA
DE CÁLCIO SILÍCIO PARA AÇO
Notches are preferential sites for fatigue and MICROLIGADO AO CROMO E
for environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) MOLIBDÊNIO
initiation. Semi-empirical notch sensitivity factors Marcelo Fernandes Mercier – Vallourec Tubos do
have been used for a long time to quantify notch Brasil
effects on fatigue design. Recently, this concept has Osvaldo Ferreira Neto – Vallourec Tubos do Brasil
been mechanically modeled using techniques which Roberto Parreiras Tavares – UFMG
properly consider the notch tip stress gradient André Luiz Vasconcellos da Costa e Silva – UFF
influence on the fatigue behavior of mechanically A presença de inclusões nos aços está
short cracks. This model properly calculates diretamente associada à sua limpidez,
sendo que os diferentes tipos de inclusões
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C119
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
of Zr and Nb of liquid remaining in the alloy computational thermodynamics some topics of the
is much higher on LC alloy caused by the delay quaternary system CaO-SiO2-FeO-MgO (CSFM)
in the precipitation of MC type carbides in this important in steelmaking in connection with the
region which must be the phase that increases theme foaming slag, which are: (i) saturation
the mechanical strength of the area. The correct compositions of the solid phases ‘MgO’ and ‘CaO’
balancing of the chemical composition of the alloy and (ii) the effective viscosity of a particular point
regarding those elements allowed the scrap rate for of this system.
hot tearing decreased to near zero levels. Keywords: Foaming slag; EAF; Double
Keywords: Hot tears; Superalloys; Inconel 713; saturation.
Investment casting.
5:00pm
16h40
24334
17h20 5:20pm
INFLUENCE OF CHEMICAL
24931
COMPOSITION ON STEEL CASTING
INFLUÊNCIA DA COMPOSIÇÃO PERFORMANCE
QUÍMICA NA LINGOTABILIDADE DE
AÇOS Improving the quality of steel and its
Roney Eduardo Lino – ArcelorMittal Monlevade manufacturing processes have always been a
Ângelo Máximo Fernandes Marins – ArcelorMittal matter of routine for metallurgical engineers
Monlevade and steelmakers, this being a requirement in
Leandro Aparecido MarchI – ArcelorMittal Monlevade
Jamylle Assis Mendes – UEMG
a market that demands quality products at a
Lucas Vieira Penna – ArcelorMittal Monlevade competitive price. Adjustments in chemical
Joaquim Gonçalves Costa Neto – ArcelorMittal composition and temperature are performed in
Monlevade the secondary metallurgy refining process, as
João Henrique Palmer Caldeira – ArcelorMittal well as the necessary inclusion modification. The
ORAL - ABM | July 23rd
Monlevade
most common solidification process is continuous
André Luiz Vasconcellos da Costa e Silva – UFF
casting, where the continuous flow of molten steel
Melhorar a qualidade dos aços e dos processos through valves is maintained through controlled
tem sido uma rotina dos engenheiros temperature and the presence of inclusions in
metalurgistas e das siderúrgicas em um the liquid state at casting temperatures. In this
mercado que exige produtos com qualidade study, Thermocalc and CEQCSI softwares were
e preço competitivos. No processo de refino used with the aim of evaluating the effect of the
dos aços são feitos os ajustes de composição chemical elements carbon, silicon and sulfur on
química e temperatura, além das modificações the castability window in aluminum vs calcium
inclusionárias necessárias às características phase diagrams. The softwares proved very
de qualidade dos produtos e as exigências appropriate and effective in this study, and the
para uma perfeita lingotabilidade. O results indicate that the elements studied directly
processo de solidificação mais comum é o affect the position of the castability window for
lingotamento contínuo, onde a continuidade carbon steels. The analyze of a billet sample 0.2%C
de fluxo de aço líquido através das válvulas é by SEM show a large heterogeneity of inclusions
assegurada através da temperatura adequada in a aluminum killed and calcium treated steel.
e presença de inclusões no estado líquido nas
Keywords: Phase diagram; Thermocalc;
temperaturas de lingotamento. Neste trabalho Continuous casting; Calcium.
foram utilizados os softwares Thermocalc e
CEQCSI com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito dos
elementos químicos carbono, silício e enxofre 17h40
na janela de lingotabilidade de diagramas 24575
de fases alumínio vs cálcio. Os softwares se
O EFEITO DA ENERGIA INTERFACIAL
mostraram bastante apropriados e eficazes
NO MODELAMENTO DA CINÉTICA DE
neste estudo, e os resultados indicam que PRECIPITAÇÃO DE CARBONETOS DE
os elementos estudados afetam diretamente CROMO EM AÇOS INOXIDÁVEIS
a posição da janela de lingotabilidade dos
André Luiz Vasconcellos da Costa e Silva – IBQN
aços carbono. A análise de amostra de tarugo
Roberto Ribeiro de Avillez – PUC-RJ
de um aço 0,2%C via MEV mostrou que há
grande heterogenidade de inclusões no aço Aços inoxidáveis são empregados em várias
acalmado ao alumínio e tratado com cálcio. indústrias. A resistência à corrosão é um
fator crítico na sua seleção. A degradação
Palavras-chave: Diagrama de fases; Thermocalc;
Lingotamento contínuo; Cálcio. da resistência à corrosão destes aços é
influenciada pela precipitação de Cr23C6,
que causa a sensitização e favorece outros
mecanismos de corrosão. Muitos autores
procuram modelar esta precipitação
associando a precipitação às medidas de
sensitização. Tais modelos dependem de uma
premissa ligada ao nível de precipitação, ou de
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C123
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
depleção do cromo na matriz, que resulta na results show that interfacial energy is critical for
sensitização em testes tecnológicos. Assim, são the simulation and, therefore, for a sensitization
de difícil validação. Este trabalho apresenta model for stainless steels.
resultados da cinética de precipitação de Keywords: Computational thermodynamics,
Cr23C6 através da teoria clássica de nucleação Kinetics, Stainless steels.
e crescimento (software PRISMA) e modelos
de difusão (software DICTRA). Curvas
TTT simuladas para M23C6 com PRISMA 18h
são comparadas com curvas experimentais. 25019
Mostra-se que a energia interfacial tem forte
Estabilidade dos boretos Nb2B3 e
efeito na cinética de precipitação do M23C6. Nb5B6
O crescimento foi também modelado com
DICTRA e supôs que o carboneto cresce no Belmira Benedita de Lima – USP
Gabriel Hideki Shinkawa – USP
centro de uma esfera. Em certas condições,
effective than its gaseous (700 bar of H2) or liquid análise macrografica mostrou um grande
(21 K) counterparts. Metal or complex hydrides aumento no refino de grão por inoculação
can be produced by reactive milling, an advanced com TiB2 processado do que em comparação
processing technique in which a high-energy ball com o material como recebido.
milling procedure is performed under hydrogen Palavras-chave: Moagem de alta energia;
pressure. The mechanochemical synthesis Diboreto de titânio; Agente nucleante.
involves hydride formation with nanocrystalline
structure and in an activated state, exhibiting
11:00am
ultrafast H-absorption/desorption reactions, when
compared to the respective conventional materials THE EFFECT OF THE HIGH ENERGY
(microcrystalline). In this paper, we present BALL MILLING OF TiB2 ON
some advances of our research group on the INOCULATION OF PURE ALUMINUM
understanding of the nanocomposites synthesis
This work evaluates the high energy ball milling
for different magnesium-based hydride systems
process on TiB2 in inoculation effect of pure
– MgH2, Mg2FeH6 e Mg2CoH5 – all presenting
aluminum. The commercial TiB2 powder was
high hydrogen gravimetric capacities. The main
processed on SPEX type high energy ball mil and
processing parameters as type of mil, milling time,
mixed with high purity aluminum powder. The
ball-to-powder weight ratio and hydrogen pressure
mixture was formed in pastilles and sintered on
were studied and lead to an important control of
inert atmosphere. The pastilles was introduced on
the hydride synthesis, which can be completed in
melted pure aluminum in 0.15% and 0.30 wt%
relatively short milling times. The characterization
content and solidified by natural cooling. The
of the obtained nanostructures and the kinetic
macrography analysis shows a great improvement
hydrogen storage properties are included in the
of grain refining by inoculation of milling
presented analysis of results.
processed TiB2 than compared by as received
Keywords: Hydrogen storage; Metal hydrides; material.
Complex hydrides; Reactive milling.
Keywords: High energy milling; Titanium
diboride; Nucleating agent.
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C129
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
11:40am 8h
The Behavior of Keynote speaker
Thermochemical Treatment
of Steam Oxidation in Sealing Nina Fonstein – ArcelorMittal
Open Porosity of Sintered Dos efeitos do refino estrutural sobre as
Structural Parts with Medium propriedades de aços de alta resistência
Density Based in Iron-Copper- avançados (AHSS) / On effects of structure
Carbon refinement on properties of AHSS
BRASIL
has been the subject of research and studies as a
function of being a very attractive alternative in Priscilla Aparecida Vieira Moraes – Uninove
José Carlos Curvelo Santana – Uninove
terms of technical and economic, increasing the Rafael Agnelli Mesquita – Uninove
wear resistance and promoting the sealing of open
porosity. This work aims to study the behavior A gestão da qualidade no setor de serviços
of treatment Oxidation Steam (Ferrox) parts in de tratamento térmico no Brasil não é
medium density composed of iron, copper and cientificamente conhecida, mas existem
graphite, sintered under industrial conditions at indícios de que vários problemas de
different temperatures. Evaluate the behavior of qualidade ocorram neste segmento, devido
the permeability in function of process parameters a uma sistemática de gestão da qualidade
(temperature of sintering, atmosphere and time ineficaz. A qualidade final do aço para
of treatment of Ferrox), and by D’Arcy Law, produzir ferramentas depende de um correto
calculate the permeability coefficient (k) of sintered tratamento térmico a maioria das falhas
parts to each processes conditions. nas propriedades ocorrem devido a um
tratamento térmico incorreto e ineficiente.
Keywords: Termochemical Treatment; Steam
Neste contexto, o presente estudo propõe-se
Oxidation; Darcy’s Law.
a avaliar a gestão da qualidade em empresas
de tratamento térmico de ferramentas
industriais, para que após a comparação
entre as empresas pesquisadas estabelecer
uma análise de benchmarking comparando
com a empresa modelo do setor. Este presente
estudo pretende se utilizar de entrevistas
não estruturadas a empresas do setor e
análises macro do segmento. Em termos,
metodológicos a natureza da pesquisa do
trabalho proposto será caracterizada por
revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso. Para
conseguir informações sobre como é a gestão
da qualidade nas empresas de tratamento
térmico de ferramentas industriais,
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C131
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Nacional (CSN), aiming market share increase on melhora das propriedades mecânicas do aço
Service Centers. The new specification, produced tornando-o mais interessante na fabricação
via industrial batch annealing, let available de peças para a indústria metal-mecânica.
diverse applications to the end customers. This
Palavras-chave: Cromo; Tratamento térmico;
development, with multidisciplinary approach, is SAE1040; Ensaios mecânicos; Aço.
focused on production cost reduction, customer’s
satisfaction and reaching new market share.
10:00am
Keywords: Industrial annealing; Batch
annealing; Service center market; Formability. INFLUENCE OF CHROMIUM
MECHANICAL and metallurgical
PROPERTIES OF STEEL SAE 1040
10h
Carbon steels are very important
25008
materials in parts production to the metal-
INFLUÊNCIA DO CROMO NAS mechanical industry. Screws, rods, shafts, pistons,
PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E
gears are manufactured to this kind of steel, more
METALÚRGICAS DO AÇO SAE1040
specifically SAE1040 steel. The objective of this
Marcos Vinícios de Souza – Universidade do Estado study was to evaluate the influence of the presence
de Minas Gerais
of 0.2wt% of chromium in the mechanical and
Thalles Vinícios Morais Caldeira – Universidade do
Estado de Minas Gerais metallurgical properties of steel with 0.4wt%
Larissa de Barros Machado Vilela – Universidade do carbon. The standard alloy SAE1040 and this
Estado de Minas Gerais alloy modified by chromium were submitted
ORAL - ABM | July 24th
a frio, a areia fenólica usada destorroada variables tested and determine the most efficient
industrialmente foi testada variando configuration for cleaning of resin covering the
a velocidade de rotação do atritor (450 e grains.
900 RPM), e o tempo de permanência (10, Keywords: Foundry; Used sand; Phenolic resin;
20 e 30 min). Os experimentos em areia Mechanical reclamation.
foram analisados através de distribuição
granulométrica, análise de perda ao fogo e
também a limpeza dos grãos via microscopia 8h20
eletrônica de varredura, sempre guiados pelas 24579
referências de areia base e areia destorroada.
SÍNTESE DE CARVÃO ATIVADO A
Analisando os resultados encontrados foi PARTIR DE LODO DE ESGOTO E SUA
possível identificar a influência das variáveis APLICAÇÃO NA ADSORÇÃO DE
testadas e assim determinar a configuração POLUENTE INORGÂNICO
mais eficiente na limpeza da capa resina que
Glaydson Simões dos Reis – UFRGS
envolve grãos. Carlos Hoffmann Sampaio – UFRGS
Palavras-chave: Fundição; Areia usada; Resina Caline Rodrigues Gally – UFRGS
fenólica; Regeneração mecânica. Eder Claudio Limar – UFRGS
makes possible their handling. The SPL was A fim de contribuir com a reciclagem e a
leached for removal of metallic aluminum and diminuição dos resíduos sólidos, o presente
then used as a filler in the geopolymer by addition trabalho pretende apresentar um estudo do
of up to 50% SPL in weight. The compressive processamento mecânico das placas mães de
strength of geopolymer with filler was again in the computadores descartados, visando recuperar
same order of magnitude of 3MPa. A comparative o cobre, o níquel e o zinco presentes no
study was performed in order to determine the resíduo.
influence of air and CO2 atmospheres at 1,000°C.
Palavras-chave: Resíduos de equipamentos
The product obtained was characterized and the eletroeletrônicos; Reciclagem; Processamento
formation of magnetite was observed. The heat mecânico; Placas de circuito impresso.
treatment caused increase in the mechanical
compressive strength to 15MPa. The material
showed potential application in the ferroalloys 9:00am
industry. Mechanical processing of
printed circuit boards from
Keywords: Aluminum Industry Wastes;
computers
Geopolymerization; Mechanical Strength;
Magnetite.
The solid waste generation has turned into
a problem for society. Million tons of solid
9h wastes are produced daily in the world. This
waste kind can affect human health and the
24328
surround environment. Moreover, the accelerated
PROCESSAMENTO MECÂNICO DAS consumption combined with the technological
steel texture were accurately measured using de uma sonda portátil de um ferritoscópio.
micro – X-ray diffraction in a Synchrotron and Utilizando técnicas de difração de Raios-X
published in the literature used. In both cases the (DRX) e ensaios de dureza Vickers pode-se
experimental results of phase transformed texture correlacionar a evolução microestrutural e
were compared with results calculated using the valores de dureza nessas mesmas regiões
classical theory of martensitic transformation ao grau de encruamento da austenita e a
(PMTC) and using the relations Kurdjumaov formação de martensita.
-Sachs (KS) and Nishiyama – Wassermann (NW).
Palavras-chave: Aço inoxidável austenítico 304L;
It was assumed that the selection of variants Efeito TRIP; Transformação martensítica; Ensaio
followed the model of Patel – Cohen. CLC.
Keywords: Martensitic transformation;
Crystallography; Orientation relationship.
9:00am
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
9h MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR AND
STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF 304L
24572
STEEL PLATES SUBJECT TO FLC TEST
ESTUDO COMPARATIVO DO
COMPORTAMENTO MECÂNICO E The 304L stainless steel can present a particular
EVOLUÇÃO ESTRUTURAL DE CHAPAS feature: the phase transformations induced
DE AÇOS 304L SUBMETIDOS A ENSAIO
deformation, the effect TRIP (Transformation
CLC
Induced Plasticity) having basis in martensitic
Isabela Santana de Oliveira – UFF transformation. This paper aims to analyze the
ORAL - ABM | July 24th
edge and high surface roughness (Ra). In this Biocompatibility and corrosion
work it is performed an experimental study of resistence of diamond-like
the micromilling of super duplex UNS 32750 carbon films obtained by
and the influence of the cutting speed (Vc) and electrodeposition
feed per tooth (fz) on the surface integrity and
tool wear. The design of experiments considered In the present work it was studied flat titanium,
two levels and three replicates. Results indicate nanostructured titanium, diamond-like carbon
the increase of roughness for bigger feed per tooth, films deposited onto nanostructured titanium.
small influence of the cutting parameters on the Roughness, contact angle, hardness and corrosion
burr formation. The tool presented flank wear after resistance were evaluated. The biocompatibility
the experiments. of the samples was assessed by analyzing an
in vitro cell culture. Nanostructured samples
Keywords: Micromilling; Super duplex; Surface presented better cell biocompatibility. DLC
integrity; Tool wear.
deposited onto nanostructures samples remained
with nanostructured morphology, presented high
24599 hardness and improved the corrosion resistance
BIOCOMPATIBILIDADE E compared to bare titanium.
RESISTÊNCIA À CORROSÃO DE Keywords: Titanium; DLC; Electrodeposited
FILMES DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON films; Biocompatibility.
OBTIDOS POR ELETRODEPOSIÇÃO
Sara Matte Manhabosco – UFRGS
Leo Anderson Meira Martins – UFRGS
24633
Silvia Tamborim Desenvolvimento de uma
Mariana Ilha – UFRGS base de características
Moema Queiroz Vieira – UFRGS de biomateriais para
Fátima Costa Rodrigues Guma – UFRGS auxiliar o conhecimento da
Iduvirges Lourdes Muller – UFRGS osseointegração em TiO2
Taise Matte Manhabosco – UFOP
Mateus Luiz Gamba – UFRGS
Neste trabalho foram estudadas amostras Daniel Basílio Marcelo – UFRGS
de titânio planas, titânio nanoestruturadas Fabiano Rodrigues Fernandes – UFRGS
e filmes do tipo diamond-like carbon (DLC) Alana Witt Hansen – UFRGS
POSTERS - ABM | July 22nd
TiN coating compared to AISI M2. The material CORROSION AND CELL VIABILITY
was characterized metallurgical in accordance STUDIES OF GRAPHITE-LIKE
with standard SEP 1615 and the Snyder – Graf HYDROGENATED AMORPHOUS
method. It was necessary to conduct a pre-test CARBON FILMS
to define the parameters of heat treatment. The
adhesion of the PVD film was verified by the This work presents a study of corrosion resistance
VDI 3198 indentation test. In the 2k factorial and cell viability of carbon films on bare and
experimental design variables were significant nitrided Ti–6Al–4V. Films deposited on bare alloy
substrate material (Z2 and AISI M2) coating the significantly improve the corrosion resistance.
tool (with or without), cutting speed (20 m/min Unexpectedly, films deposited on nitrided alloy
and 30 m/min) and the cutting feed (0.110 mm/ present delamination and cracking after 16 days.
rot and 0.075 mm/rev). The response variables We associate film failure with the presence of pores
were the wear, the number of holes and surface combined with a weak film/substrate interaction
roughness. At the end of the work it was found that allows diffusion of ions at the interface. We
the Z2 materials can’t be used to the AISI M2 can found that films tend to diminish the osteoblastic
be used as the AISI M2. cell viability and the observed variations on film
roughness do not improve cell viability.
Keywords: High speed steel; Drilling; TiN;
Helical drill. Keywords: Graphite-like a-C: H films; EIS;
Corrosion resistance; AFM.
24598
CORROSÃO E VIABILIDADE CELULAR Estampagem / Stamping
DE FILMES DE CARBONO AMORFO
HIDROGENADO DO TIPO GRAFITE 24389
Sara Matte Manhabosco – UFRGS AVALIAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS
Adélia Marques dos Santos MICROESTRUTURAIS DE LIGAS DE
Ronaldo Junio Campos Batista – UFOP ALUMÍNIO SUBMETIDAS A TÉCNICAS
Leo Anderson Meira Martins – UFRGS DE DEFORMAÇÃO PLÁSTICA SEVERA
Moema Queiroz Vieira – UFRGS
Mariana Ilha – UFRGS Saulo Brinco Diniz – IME
Douglas Rodriges Miquita – UFMG Emanuel Alejandro Benatti – UNR
POSTERS - ABM | July 22nd
Fátima Costa Rodrigues Guma – UFRGS Andersan dos Santos Paula – UFF
Iduvirges Lourdes Muller – UFRGS Raúl Eduardo Bolmaro – UNR
Taise Matte Manhabosco – UFOP Bruna Godoi Meirelles – Votorantim Metais
Gestão Sistêmica / Systemic Management and displacement sensor). Thus, this paper intends
to provide information to help technicians and
24396 engineers, and also to estimate the relative error
Análise da Confiabilidade na and develop a periodical methodology to ensure
Determinação das Propriedades the reliability of the testing machine.
Mecânicas em Ensaios de Tração Keywords: Mechanical Properties; Tensile Test;
Cláudia Lisiane Fanezi da Rocha – UFRGS Reliability.
Daniel Antonio Kapper Fabricio – UFRGS
Jefferson Haag – UFRGS
Telmo Roberto Strohacker – UFRGS 24726
(ii) com uma amostra que apresentava sua no significant influence on mineral flotability
superfície totalmente oxidada (devido à (considering the time interval of 14 days), and the
reação com água oxigenada) e (iii) testes em total surface oxidation showed some disadvantages
meio oxidante, adicionando água oxigenada to the galena flotability. Finally, the level of
ao sistema. Considerando os testes (i), os oxidation of the medium has a great influence on
resultados mostraram que, para os tempos the recovery of galena.
de exposição avaliados, não houve grande Keywords: Galena; Oxidation; Microflotation.
variação na flotabilidade do mineral, os
valores obtidos foram entre 95% e 85%. Já
os ensaios realizados com a amostra do 24404
mineral totalmente oxidado apontaram uma purificação de níquel contido
flotabilidade de 64%. Nos testes realizados em licores sintéticos de
em meio oxidante, a flotabilidade da galena lixiviação utilizando-se
foi de apenas de 5%, quando na presença de extração por solventes com
um volume de 20 mL do reagente. Os testes misturas de extratantes
indicaram que o método de armazenamento Alexandre Silva Guimarães – UFMG
não teve significativa influência na Priscila Siqueira da Silva – UFMG
flotabilidade do mineral, para o tempo de Marcelo Borges Mansur – UFMG
14 dias, e que a total oxidação da superfície Este trabalho avaliou a purificação de
desfavorece a flotabilidade da galena. Pode-se níquel em relação aos contaminantes cálcio
dizer ainda que o nível de oxidação do meio e magnésio a partir de soluções sintéticas
tem grande influência sobre a recuperação sulfúricas simulando os licores industriais
da galena. obtidos pelo processo de lixiviação sob
Palavras-chave: Galena; Oxidação; Microflotação. pressão de minérios lateríticos de níquel.
O uso de Cyanex 272 (20% v/v) se mostrou
INFLUENCE OF OXIDATION IN ineficiente na purificação do licor em
GALENA MICROFLOTATION decorrência das extrações simultâneas de
magnésio e níquel e pela baixa seletividade
Lead sulfide minerals are the main source of this do Cyanex 272 em relação ao cálcio (extrações
metal, so that is necessary studies to ensure greater inferiores a 10%). A adição de 5% v/v de ácido
POSTERS - ABM | July 22nd
understanding of the stages of concentration of naftênico ao Cyanex 272 (20% v/v) provocou
these minerals and the difficulties that may appear a extração conjunta de magnésio e níquel e
during the process. The surface oxidation and extrações insignificantes de cálcio (inferiores
decomposition of the reagents used in flotation of a 0,5%). A mistura de 20% v/v de Cyanex
sulfides are adversities encountered in industry. 272 com 20% v/v de D2EHPA, em pH = 4,5,
This paper presents a study on the influence é passível de promover a purificação do licor
of these factors on the flotability of the mineral frente ao níquel, pelo fato desta combinação
galena (PbS). Microflotation assays are performed de reagentes extrair cerca de 50% de cálcio,
(i) with galena under different exposure times 48% de magnésio com baixos teores de níquel
(from 0 to 14 days) to oxidation by atmospheric (em torno de 10%), podendo-se utilizar dois
air, (ii) with a sample which had a fully oxidized estágios de contactação para se obter no
surface (due to reaction with hydrogen peroxide), mínimo 80% de níquel purificado em fase
(iii) and in an oxidizing system, reached by aquosa.
adding hydrogen peroxide. In relation to the tests Palavras-chave: Níquel; Cyanex 272; D2EHPA;
(i), the results showed no significant change in Ácido naftênico.
the flotability of the mineral, the values were
between 95% and 85%. On the other hand, the
tests made with the sample that presents a fully
oxidized mineral surface, presents a flotability of
64%. The tests made in an oxidizing system, the
flotability of galena dropped to about 5%, when
in the presence of 20 mL of reagent. In summary,
the tests indicated that the method of storage had
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C163
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Keywords: Nickel; Cyanex 272; D2EHPA; Milling systems are designed based on, among
Naphtenic acid. other parameters, the power consumption of
responsible for the color of the clay, without a Flotigam EDA 3C que obteve concentrado
causing significant changes in their structure. final com 67,4% Fe e 1,76% de SiO2, e
Thus, clay can be used in the cosmetics industry recuperação metalúrgica de ferro de 92,14%.
and other products with high added value. The
Palavras-chave: Flotação; Minério de ferro;
treated clay was characterized by scanning Aminas.
electron microscopy (SEM), stereomicroscopy,
energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS) and X-ray
DIFFERENT AMINES IN REVERSE
diffraction (XRD). It was observed a bleaching FLOTATION IRON ORE FROM REGION
in samples with time of 12h to 18h. With the NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS
DRX was possible to monitor the peak intensity
of the clay structure and the sample with 12 The mineral industry is a major producer of
hours of treatment was not significantly altered iron ore reserves in the world and the country
its crystalline structure, maintaining the peak are increasingly with iron lower grade. Studies
clay at d001. The most pronounced changes in to enable the exploitation of deposits of low
the bleaching occurred within the first 12 hours grade is necessary. Using ores iron low grade,
of acid treatment. it is necessary for greater comminution ore
Keywords: Clays; Acid treatment; Industrial use. processing. With a smaller particle size of the
material, the flotation process has an important
role in the processing to be more tolerable to fine.
24560 The objective of this study was to test different
COMPARAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES cationic collectors, specifically amines, used in
AMINAS NA FLOTAÇÃO CATIÔNICA reverse flotation step in a iron ore from Vale do Rio
REVERSA DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO DA Pardo, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The samples used in
REGIÃO NORTE DE MINAS GERAIS this study are from regrind that the beneficiation
Henrique de Siqueira Queiroz – UFOP circuit feeds the flotation of fine. The following
Érica Linhares Reis – UFOP amines were tested: EDA, EDA 3C and EDA3
Júnia Mayane Sales – Sul America de Metais S/A (Clariant). The amine which performed better
Gustavo Ferreira Correia – UFOP
was the Flotigam EDA 3C who got the final
A indústria mineral brasileira é uma das concentrate with 67.4% Fe and 1.76% SiO2, and
maiores produtoras de minério de ferro do recovery is 92.14%.
steel heat castings in a special steel plant. The temperaturas de 1173 e 1273K, apresentou
temperature of the mold walls was measured using uma resistência a compressão de 15 e 15,5
thermocouples strategically positioned along the kg-f/pelota, respectivamente. Nenhuma das
length of the mold and its faces. The temperatures pelotas ensaiadas apresentaram crepitação.
and process data of the heats were used to correlate A pelota P15 atingiu fração de reação unitária
the influence of chemical composition with heat aos 10 minutos, a 1773K. Verificou-se também
transfer in metal/mold interface. Finally, the para estas condições a formação de escória,
results show that raising the carbon equivalent aos 3,5 minutos, prejudicando a reação CO/
produces an increase in heat transfer. cromita.
Keywords: Continuous casting; Gap; Heat Palavras-chaves: Ferro-cromo; Auto-redução;
transfer; Chemical composition. Aglomerados auto-redutores; Cromita.
1573K. Os aglomerantes ensaiados foram: P15) The compressiion strength were measured
bentonita, cal hidratada, melaço, carboxi- for green pellets, during curing period for 28
metil-celulose (CMC) e silicato de sódio. days, after drying and after submmitting at high
Inicialmente os materiais (cromita, ferro- temperatures profiles, Decrepitation tests were also
silício, coque de petróleo e aglomerantes), done. After reduction experiments, at 1773K, the
foram caracterizados por análise química products obtained (slag and metal) were analyzed
e granulométrica. Após isto, os materiais, by SEM and EDS. The best perfomance was
foram aglomerados na forma de pelotas obtained by the pellet P15 (4 % sodium silicate
(P1 a P15), contendo teores variáveis de as binder): it reached a compression strength
aglomerantes. Após a fabricação das pelotas, of 5 kg-f/pellet (dry pellet) and of 15 and 15.5
procedeu-se aos ensaios de laboratório; kg-f/pellet, after heat treatment at 1173 and
medindo-se a resistência a compressão da 1273K, respectively. None of tested pellets present
pelota verde, ao longo do tempo (por 28 decrepitaion. The pellet P15 achieved unitary
dias), da pelota seca e após os ensaios de reaction fraction, after 10 minutes at 1773K. It
ciclos térmicos. Foram realizados também was observed slag formation after 3.5 minutes,
ensaios de crepitação e avaliação da redução harming the reaction CO/chromite.
à temperatura de 1773K. Após os ensaios
Keywords: Ferrochromium; Self-reduction; Self-
ciclos térmicos e de redução, os produtos
reducing pellets; Chromite.
obtidos (escória e metal) foram analisados
por MEV e EDS. A pelota P15 (4% de silicato
de sódio como aglomerante) apresentou uma
resistência a compressão, de pelota seca, de
5 kg-f/pelota, e após tratamento térmico às
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C169
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
com cinéticas mais rápidas. Recentemente, 2Mg-Fe samples were mixed with CNT (0–5 wt%)
processos termomecânicos e de deformação by HEBM, and after mixing, processed by Hot-
plástica severa (SPD) têm sido investigados extrusion (thermomechanical) at 300oC and/or
para produzir nanocompósitos em volume cold rolling (SPD) at room temperature. Powder
com melhor resistência ao ar (processo with 0 to 5 wt% of CNT have shown very similar
de ativação) e que podem ser facilmente XRD patterns meaning similar nanostructures.
fabricados em escala industrial. No presente All samples could be rolled, but only samples with
trabalho, amostras 2Mg-Fe foram misturadas less than 2.0 wt% of CNT could be extruded, and
com CNT (0-5%p.) por HEBM, e em submitted by a combination of extrusion-rolling.
seguida processadas por extrusão a quente The kinetic properties, measured by Sieverts
(termomecânico) a 300oC e/ou laminação a and DSC methods, were worst for extruded,
frio (SPD) a temperatura ambiente. Pós com intermediate for extrusion/rolled and better to
0%p a 5%p. de CNT mostraram padrões de those only rolled samples. In this later, Bragg peaks
DRX muito similares indicando similares have shown low intensities and favorable texture
nanoestruturas. Todas as amostras puderam towards (002) in Mg, which possibly explains
ser laminadas, mas somente amostras com these results. The higher the amount of CNT
menos que 2,0%p. de CNT puderam ser the better the properties (kinetic and desorption
extrudadas, e submetidas pela combinação temperature).
de extrusão-laminação. As propriedades
Keywords: Hydrogen storage; Mg based
cinéticas, medidas pelos métodos Sieverts hydrides; Hot-extrusion; Severe plastic
e DSC, foram piores para as extrudadas, deformation.
intermediárias para as extrudadas/laminadas
e melhores para as somente laminadas. Nessas
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C171
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
25196 Microstructural
CARATERIZAÇÃO characterization and of the
MICROESTRUTURAL E DA TEXTURA crystallographic texture of
CRISTALOGRÁFICA DA LIGA Al the Al AA1070 alloy deformed
AA1070 DEFORMADO A FRIO VIA ECAP by the cold ECAP process from
A PARTIR DA ROTA C route C
Gabriel Gonçalves Pessoa de Castro – UFF
Raquel dos Santos Mendes – UFF
The study aimed to produce an alloy with ultrafine
Manuela Fontana – UFF Al AA1070 via equiangular channels by pressing
Ana Carolina Ribeiro Duarte – UFF microstructure. The process employed to route C
Jefferson Fabrício Cardoso Lins – UFF with 2 consecutive cold passes and accumulated
deformation ε2 = 2.38. The starting material is
O trabalho teve por objetivo produzir uma
from a hot rolling process in which the resulting
liga Al AA1070 com microestrutura ultrafina
microstructure consisted of coarse grains
via prensagem por canais equiangulares.
with grain size of 14.5 ± 19.1 micrometers me
O processo empregou a rota C com 2
hardness of 31.1 ± 1.9 Vickers. Microstructural
passes consecutivos a frio e acumulou
characterization was performed with the aid
uma deformação ε2 = 2,38. O material de
of electron microscopy (SEM) and electron
partida é proveniente de um processo de
backscatter diffraction. The mechanical behavior
laminação a quente na qual a microestrutura
of the samples was measured by Vickers hardness
resultante era composta de grãos grosseiros
tests in order to determine the energy stored
com tamanho de grão de 14,5 ± 19,1 μm e
during the passes. The results showed that the
dureza de 31,1 ± 1,9 Vickers. Foi realizada a
starting material had partially recrystallized
caracterização microestrutural com o auxílio
structure, resulting from the thermomechanical
das técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de
rolling process. The severe shear deformation
varredura (MEV) e de difração de elétrons
that occurs at the intersection between channels
retroespalhados. O comportamento mecânico
during processing via ECAP allowed an intensive
das amostras foi avaliado por ensaios de
grain refinement. The grain size after the 2nd
dureza Vickers, a fim de se determinar a
pass was approximately 1.6 ± 1.7 micrometers.
energia armazenada durante os passes. Os
The hardness after the 1st pass almost doubled
resultados obtidos mostraram que o material
compared to the starting material, but virtually
de partida apresentou estrutura parcialmente
solda obtido por soldagem com laser pulsado objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a influência
de Nd:YAG. Os resultados mostraram que a do aporte térmico sobre a microestrutura de
dimensão da zona termicamente afetada é juntas soldadas do aço duplex SAF2205. As
extremamente pequena e a microestrutura chapas de aço duplex 2205 foram soldadas
do metal de solda apresenta menor fração pelo processo de soldagem GMAW (Gas
volumétrica de austenita em relação aos Metal Arc Welding), variando apenas
processos convencionais. o aporte térmico. Após essa etapa, as
Palavras-chave: Soldagem; Laser pulsado;
chapas foram cortadas, preparadas para a
Nd:YAG; Aço duplex; UNS S32205. análise metalográfica, difração de raio X
(DRX) e ensaio de microdureza Vickers.
INFLUENCE OF THE VARIATION IN As microestruturas do metal base (MB), da
TEMPORAL WIDTH WITH PULSED zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) e da zona
Nd :YAG LASER WELDING OF UNS fundida (ZF) foram caracterizadas nesse
S32205 DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL estudo. Foi verificado que quanto maior o
aporte térmico menor a quantidade de ferrita
The laser is a flexible and powerful tool with many e maior o crescimento de grão da austenita
relevant applications in industry , especially in the na região fundida. Os ensaios de microdureza
area of welding. Lasers now provide the welding mostraram que quanto maior o aporte térmico
industry technical solutions to many problems, maior será a ZTA do material.
and in addition to replacing conventional welding Palavras-chave: Aço duplex; Aporte térmico;
already established, yet have higher productivity. GMAW.
The present work studied the weld metal of duplex
stainless steel UNS S32205 employed in the oil INFLUENCE OF HEAT INPUT
and gas industry by analyzing the influence of CONTRIBUTION ON THE
varying the temporal width of the microstructural MICROSTRUCTURE WELDED JOINTS
characteristics obtained by laser welding with IN STEEL DUPLEX SAF2205
pulsed Nd : YAG. The results showed that the
size of the heat affected zone is extremely small Duplex stainless steels have an austenitic-ferritic
and the microstructure of the weld metal has microstructure with an average fraction of each
lower volume fraction of austenite compared to phase of about 50%. The duplex microstructure
metallographic tests and electrochemical tests. aços com adição de molibdênio apresentaram
The micrographs of addition used in the welding o melhor comportamento frente à corrosão
of metal alloys showed that it has a dendritic nos testes eletroquímicos.
microstructure and the graphs obtained from
Palavras-chave: Aços Carbono Baixa Liga;
the cyclic potentiodynamic polarization tests Impedância Eletroquímica; Ensaios de Campo;
did not reproduce welded to the alloy which was Antimônio.
analyzed by observing the best results of the tests
separately, for regions that constitute the solder EVALUATION OF CORROSION
alloys, the weld metal and HAZ. Possible to verify RESISTANCE OF LOW ALLOY CARBON
the existence of a higher corrosion resistance in STEEL USING ELECTROCHEMICAL
the weld metal. IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND
Keywords: Naphthenic corrosion; Experimental FIELD TESTS
alloys; Molybdenum.
Low alloy carbon steels are materials used in
several applications as automotive, shipping and
24964 nuclear industry. This work aimed at studying
AVALIAÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA À the corrosion resistance of three low alloy carbon
CORROSÃO DE AÇOS CARBONO steels with addition of copper, antimony and
BAIXA LIGA USANDO A molybdenum using the electrochemical impedance
ESPECTROSCOPIA DE IMPEDÂNCIA spectroscopy technique and field tests in marine
ELETROQUÍMICA E ENSAIOS DE atmosphere. The field tests showed that the mass
CAMPO loss of SbMo carbon steel was higher compared to
Renata Braga Soares – UFMG the other steels. The mass loss was similar for all
Evandro de Azevedo Alvarenga – UFMG steels at a exposure time of 2000 hours. Hence, to
Maria das Mercês Reis de Castro – UFMG study the initial stage of corrosion for low alloy
Vanessa de Freitas Cunha Lins – UFMG
carbon steels, the technique of electrochemical
Os aços carbono baixa liga são materiais impedance spectroscopy was used. The carbon
usados em diversas aplicações como no steels with copper addition showed the highest
setor automotivo, naval e nuclear. Este corrosion resistance using the field tests in marine
trabalho consistiu em estudar a resistência environment and the steels with molybdenum
à corrosão de aços carbono com adições de
POSTERS - ABM | July 22nd
ADSORPTION OF DODECYLAMINE
AND SODIUM OLEATE ON MINERALS
SURFACES
adsorption measurements of reagents were based não necessita de nenhuma transformação dos
on measurements of surface tension of solutions of dados. Os métodos serão ilustrados através
collectors used. Besides, were done measurements de um estudo de caso.
of zeta potential of the mineral studied as function
Palavras-chave: Simulação estocástica; Função de
of the concentration of collectors. Hematite results transferênicia; Transformação.
suggest the occurrence of chemical adsorption.
The increase in adsorption time resulted in
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION
increased of adsorption of oleate in the hematite, AND DIRECT SEQUENTIAL
this tendency was not observed for the system SIMULATION: A COMPARISON OF
quartz-dodecylamine. The results suggest that METHODS
the adsorption kinetics is very fast, occurring
adsorption in the first moments of contact between Stochastic simulations allow assessing the
the solution containing the collector and the uncertainty associated with a given geological
mineral quartz. attribute. This uncertainty space, obtained by
Keywords: Adsorption; Surface tension; Zeta generation multiple equally probable scenarios,
potential; Collectors. can be used to risk analysis and decision making,
according a selected transfer function. Sequential
Gaussian simulations methods are widely used
24607 to build these models. Sequential Gaussian
SIMULAÇÃO SEQUENCIAL simulation usually requires the original variable
GAUSSIANA E SIMULAÇÃO to be transformed into a normal distribution.
SEQUENCIAL DIRETA: COMPARATIVO Direct sequential simulation does not require
ENTRE MÉTODOS any transformation before simulations, allowing
Roberto Quadros Meninr – UFRGS simulation directly using original data. This
João Felipe Coimbra Leite Costa – UFRGS paper investigates the differences between these
Marcel Arcari Bassani – UFRGS methods comparing the output results. Sequential
Os métodos de simulação estocástica Gaussian simulation method tends to reproduce
permitem acessar o espaço de incerteza better the histogram, while direct simulation is
associado à estimativa de atributos geológicos. easier to be implemented as it does not require any
Esse espaço de incerteza, obtido através da data transformation. The methods are illustrated
POSTERS - ABM | July 22nd
nos quais jazidas que eram desvantajosas changing the mesh of the second deck from 30
economicamente passaram a configurar to 5 mm with retained intended to secondary
empreendimentos de valor agregado. Dessa screening and removing the thin particles in the
forma, pesquisas em todos os setores e áreas primary screening by addition of water in the
do processamento mineral intensificaram secondary crushing.
buscas por excelência. No peneiramento, Keywords: Screening; Iron ore; Mineral
entendido como separação de sólidos em processing; Efficiency.
duas classes, baseada nas diferenças de
tamanho e forma dos constituintes e no uso de
gabaritos (por exemplo, peneiras) buscou-se 25144
por maior eficiência industrial. Este trabalho Redução dos riscos de parada
investigou os pontos de melhorias possíveis dE UMa usina de concentração
no peneiramento de uma mineradora de DE MINÉRIO DE FERRO
médio porte, exportadora de minério de Ricardo Ligório Soares – Anglo American
ferro, localizando pontos de maximização Carlos Alberto Pereira – UFOP
do processo/operação. Entre os principais Francielle Câmara Nogueira – UFOP
resultados destacam-se eliminação de Fábio de São José – UFOP
sobrecarga no peneiramento primário pela Nas usinas de beneficiamento mineral,
substituição da abertura/malha do primeiro paradas não programadas acarretam
deck de 40 para 30 mm com retido destinado dispendiosas perdas produtivas e, portanto
à britagem secundária, troca da malha do financeiras. Deste modo, reduzir os riscos de
segundo deck de 30 para 5 mm com retido possíveis interrupções na alimentação de uma
usina a partir da flexibilização do circuito
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C193
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
for superelastic applications. The microstructure relevante quando da aplicação desse tipo
and composition characteristics were evaluated by de material em situações em que se requer
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), by Scanning Electronic elevada resistência mecânica aliada a eficácia
Microscopy (SEM) associated with Electron dos fenômenos de memória de forma.
Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) and Energy
Palavras-chave: Ligas NiTi; ECAE; Temperaturas
Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometer (EDS), and de transformação; Conformação mecânica.
correlated with Vickers hardness measurements.
Based on literature results, shown more promise
INFLUENCE OF ECAE ON NiTi SHAPE
characteristics by solubilization heat treatment MEMORY ALLOYS PROPERTIES
at 950ºC by 120 minutes conjugated with aging
heat treatment at 350ºC by 30 minutes, both Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are active
cooled in water. materials that present as external pulse response
Keywords: Ni-rich NiTi alloy; Solubilization; characteristic, recovering deformations apparently
Aging; Superelasticity. plastics. These materials have strong potential
application as thermomechanical actuators in
several industrial sectors. Therefore, it’s important
24701
to the improvement of thermomechanical
INFLUÊNCIA DA ECAE NAS properties of these alloys. Mechanical forming
PROPRIEDADES DE LIGAS NiTi COM of ECAE (Equal Channel Angular Extrusion)
EFEITO DE MEMÓRIA DE FORMA
results in improvements on the mechanical
Niédson José da Silva – UFPE properties of these alloys. This improvement is
Carlos Augusto do Nascimento Oliveira – UFPE related to grain size reduction due to internal
Cezar Henrique Gonzalez – UFPE
shear that they suffer when passing by channels
Carlos José de Araújo – UFCG
Oscar Olímpio de Araújo Filho – UFPE (compression and shear stresses), without occur
Leonardo Mendonça Carneiro da Silva – UFPE changes in area of the sample cross-section. In
this work, it was carried out the manufacture of
Ligas com memória de forma (LMF) são Ni-Ti SMA and their mechanical forming in a
materiais ativos que apresentam como matrix of ECAE. The results of this study were
característica a resposta a impulsos externos, the observation of improvement of mechanical
recuperando deformações aparentemente properties and modification of transformation
plásticas. Esses materiais têm forte potencial
POSTERS - ABM | July 22nd
que apresentam o efeito memória de forma, values of A3 found for HF, TYP, PTU F2 and EW
com os instrumentos ProTaper Universal F2 instruments were 0.084, 0.107, 0.122 and 0.082
(PTU F2) e EndoWave (EW), fabricados com mm2, respectively, while the average values of
o fio de NiTi superelástico convencional. Os maximum bending moment were 0.327, 0.315,
instrumentos avaliados possuíam calibre de 1.1490 and 0.567 N.cm, and the mean values
ponta de 0,30 mm e conicidade de 6%, com of maximum torque: 1.047, 1.254, 1.400 and
exceção de PTU F2. As áreas médias das seções 1.111 N.cm. These results showed that the CM
transversais a 3 mm da ponta (A3) foram technology allows the production of instruments
determinadas em 10 instrumentos de cada which show, when compared instruments with
tipo. Igual número de instrumentos foram similar values of A3, greater flexibility (lowest
testados em dobramento a 45° e em torção maximum bending moment) and similar torsional.
até a ruptura (ISO 3630-1). Os valores médios The results obtained demonstrated that the CM
de A3 encontrados nos instrumentos HF, technology enables the production of more flexible
TYP, PTU F2 e EW foram, respectivamente, endodontic instruments, which is desirable from a
0,084, 0,107, 0,122 e 0,082 mm2; os valores clinical point of view, but without compromising
médios de momento de dobramento máximo: their torsional strength.
0,327, 0,315, 1,1490 e 0,567 N.cm; e os valores Keywords: NiTi alloys; Shape memory effect;
médios de torque máximo: 1,047, 1,254, 1,400 Endodontic instruments; Flexibility; Torsional
e 1,111 N.cm. Verificou-se, portanto, que os strength.
instrumentos fabricados com a tecnologia
CM apresentaram, quando comparados aos
instrumentos com valores próximos de A3, 24439
maior flexibilidade (menor momento de AVALIAÇÃO DAS PROPRIEDADES
dobramento máximo) e resistência torcional TERMOMECÂNICAS DE FIOS
semelhante. Os resultados encontrados SUPERELÁSTICOS DE NITINOL
mostraram que a tecnologia CM permite MICROSOLDADOS PELO PROCESSO
TIG
a produção de instrumentos endodônticos
mais flexíveis, o que é desejável do ponto de Fernando Andrade Amorim – UFCG
vista clínico, porém sem comprometer a sua Luiz Fernando Alves Rodrigues – UFCG
Carlos José de Araújo – UFCG
resistência torcional.
João Baptista da Costa Agra de Melo – UFCG
level, we carried out the study of the mechanisms of depleted region beneath the oxide layer. One of the
plastic deformation creep of these steels belonging alloys also presented an internal oxidation zone.
to ASTM A-335, heat treated 500°C to 600ºC. The stage of microstructural degradation of both
Keywords: Plastic deformation; Creep; Cr-Mo
alloys was analyzed and compared with results
steels. of other studies.
Keywords: Fe-Ni-Cr alloys; High temperature;
Pirolysis tubes; Corrosion.
24329
AVALIAÇÃO MICROESTRUTURAL
DE LIGAS Fe-Ni-Cr SUBMETIDAS 24408
À CORROSÃO EM ALTAS CREEP PROPERTIES AT 650ºC OF
TEMPERATURAS MARAGING 300 STEEL SOLUTION
Maurício de Jesus Monteiro – INT ANNEALED
Sheyla Santana de Carvalho – INT Adriano Gonçalves dos Reis – ITA
Cássio Barbosa – INT Danieli Aparecida Pereira Reis – Unifesp
Iêda Maria Vieira Caminhar – INT Antônio Jorge Abdalla – Instituto de Estudos
Ibrahim de Cerqueira Abud – INT Avançados
Claudio Teodoro dos Santos – INT Jorge Otubo – ITA
Paulo Moura Bispo de Santana – IFBA
In the development of the structural materials
O presente estudo apresenta a avaliação for the advanced applications, as in the aerospace
microestrutural de duas ligas Fe-Ni-Cr com industry, there is a constant strive to increase both
composições químicas distintas submetidas strength and toughness. Maraging steels are iron-
à corrosão em altas temperaturas em tubos nickel alloys designed to combine both properties
de pirólise em uma planta de fabricação de that are achieved through the age-hardening of low
polímeros durante três anos. A superfície carbon martensite. This alloy have a metastable
e a seção transversal das ligas foram martensitic structure that can revert to austenite
caracterizadas por microscopia eletrônica de when heated in temperatures close to the aging
varredura e espectroscopia por dispersão de temperature, and this effect can be enhanced with
energia de Raios-X. As condições de serviço the temperature increasing and time of treatment.
induziram a formação de uma camada de Therefore, the study of creep behavior in elevated
óxido na superfície das ligas composta por
POSTERS - ABM | July 22nd
24905 24906
EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN HOT EQUIVALENCE BETWEEN
TENSILE AND CREEP DATA IN HOT TENSILE AND CREEP
ALUMINUM ALLOY AL7475-T7351. PART DATA IN ALUMINUM ALLOY
1: RELATIONS INVOLVING STRESS, AL7475-T7351. PART 2: ANALYSIS BY
STRAIN RATE AND TEMPERATURE DIFFERENT PARAMETERIZATION
Diego José Inforzato – Embraer
METHODOLOGIES
Gilmar Ferreira Batalha – USP Gilmar Ferreira Bataglia – Embraer
Erika Fernanda Prados – USP Diego José Inforzato – USP
Levi de Oliveira Bueno – UFSCar Erika Fernanda Prados – USP
Levi de Oliveira Bueno – UFSCar
Hot tensile data were correlated with creep data,
in Aluminum Alloy AL7475-T7351, as part The possibility of parameterization of hot tensile
of a broader research program, aiming at the data together with creep data is investigated,
validation of a methodology that proposes an for Aluminium Alloy 7475-T7351. This study
equivalence between the two kind of results, for represents part of a broader research program
metallic materials in general. The methodology is aiming at the validation of a methodology recently
based on a criterion that establishes correlation proposed for analyzing both kinds of data together,
among the following parameters from each test: considering different metallic materials. The
the strain rate, ultimate tensile stress, and time results presented in Part 1 of this work, were
to reach the ultimate tensile stress, in tensile analyzed according to 4 traditional methods
tests, are equivalent respectively to the: minimum of the literature for parameterization of creep
strain rate, applied stress and rupture time, in data, namely: Larson-Miller, Orr-Sherby-Dorn,
creep tests, for a given test temperature. The Manson-Succop and Manson-Hafferd. The
present material was tested at 3 temperatures: compatibility of the hot tensile test results with
133,166 and 193ºC, using 3 nominal tensile strain those of creep is remarkably good, indicating the
rates in the hot tensile tests: 3.2x10-6, 1.6x10-4 possibility of using both kind of data together
and 6.4x10-3 s-1 and 9 applied stress levels in also in extrapolation schemes. The criterion
the creep tests, varying from 140 to 400 MPa. proposed for equivalence between hot tensile and
The conversion of the hot tensile data to creep- creep data is verified to work well also for this
like data allowed performing the analysis of all kind of material, under the present experimental
the four welding heat input showed the presence resultados mostraram que as propriedades
of cracks that initiated in the region of the HAZ mecânicas não apresentaram diferenças
coarse grains (HAZCG) and were pronounced significativas em relação ao metal base com os
to weld metal (WM).The HAZ presented a tratamentos térmicos realizados, propiciando
microstructural behavior in presence of bainite resultados satisfatórios em relação aos
and WM predominantly acicular ferrite. The requisitos da norma IACS W22 Grau R4.
microhardness in WM was higher compared to
Palavras-chave: Aço fundido; Zona termicamente
other regions.
afetada; Propriedades mecânicas; Tratamento
Keywords: API X80 steel; Welding process with térmico pós-soldagem.
flux cored wire; Hydrogen-induced cracking;
WIC test. EFFECT OF POST WELD HEAT
TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF HIGH STRENGTH
CAST STEEL WELDED JOINTS
O desenvolvendo da indústria de
USE OF INFRARED IN PREVENTIVE eletroeletrônicos associada ao barateamento
MAINTENANCE OF DISTRIBUTION dos produtos tem reduzido a vida útil de
TRANSFORMERS
equipamentos levando a uma geração elevada
de resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos
Thermography has its principle in the thermal
(REEE). Um componente desse resíduo são
reading through infrared radiation emitted by
as placas de circuito impresso, que possuem
objects above absolute zero temperature. Its
em sua composição altos teores de metais, que
purpose is to indicate abnormal conditions in the
podem ser recuperados através de processos
power network, by reading the temperature rise
de reciclagem. O presente trabalho busca
in the conductors and connections. Thermography
caracterizar placas mãe de computador,
has been widely used as a method to monitor
determinando sua quantidade de material
the temperature of the components, in order to
orgânico, cerâmico e metálico. As placas
detect these thermal issues in its early stage,
foram direcionadas para cominuição, que foi
avoiding unnecessary downtime of equipment.
realizada em moinho de facas com grelha de
Currently, the electricity distributor in the state
9mm, seguida por um moinho de martelos,
of Rio Grande do Norte only performs corrective
atingindo uma granulometria menor que
maintenance of their distribution transformers
2mm. A amostra foi então quarteada, para
residential / industrial electricity, i.e., processors
uma maior homogeneização e passou por
are replaced only when they burn, causing
ensaio de digestão em água régia. O licor
inconvenience to users and high costs for your
resultante foi diluído para determinação do
repair. This study aimed to apply thermography
teor dos metais Ag, Al, Au, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe,
in transformers for preventive maintenance of
Ni, Pb, Sn, e Zn utilizando espectrometria de
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
frente à corrosão e foram realizados ensaios barreira térmica, ou thermal barrier coating
para determinação do coeficiente de atrito. (TBC) prolonga da vida útil do material.
A camada aspergida de níquel apresentou Neste trabalho utilizou-se o processo de
resultados satisfatórios quanto às análises spray a plasma em alta velocidade (HVPS)
estudadas. para depositar NiCrAlY e ZrO2 8%p de
Palavras-chave: Aspersão térmica HVOF;
Y2O3. Caracterizou-se microestruturalmente
Corrosão; MEV e coeficiente de atrito. o substrato e as camadas (metálicas e
cerâmicas) depositadas via microscopia
Characterized nickel coatings eletrônica de varredura (MEV), microdureza e
obtained by thermal spray hvof perfilometria. A partir dos resultados obteve-
in API 5CT P110 steel se uma camada de barreira térmica com
espessura da ordem de 300 μm.
The API 5 CT P110 steel has been utilized in oil Palavras-chave: Ti6Al4V; HVPS; TBC.
and gas sector in Brazil due to its high mechanic
resistance, but it has low corrosion resistance. EVALUATION OF MICROSTRUCTURAL
The discovery pre-salt has been encouraged news SYSTEM NICRALY + YSZ DEPOSITED
challenges in this sector and the development the ON Ti-6Al-4V OBTAINED WITH HIGH
news technologies resists to harsh environments VELOCITY PLASMA SPRAY
where the materials are going to exposed. The
thermal spray by HVOF stands out for making Titanium alloys alpha plus beta class are required
coatings against corrosion and wear resistance especially in the aerospace industry because
with few pores and cheaper than others process. they combine attractive properties with high
Among the materials that can be making the workability. At elevated temperatures, this alloy
coatings for thermal spray, the nickel stands oxidizes rapidly and this is the loss of mechanical
out for excellent corrosion resistance because do properties. Thermal barrier coating (TBC)
a protector oxide on the surface. So, the main prolongs the life of the material. In this work
object this work is get and characterize nickel used the at high speed plasma spray (HVPS) for
coatings made for thermal spray HVOF in API depositing CoNiCrAlY and ZrO2 8%p of Y2O3.
5 CT P110 steel. The coatings were morphologic Was characterized microstructurally and substrate
characterized for scanning electron microscope layers (metal and ceramic) deposited by scanning
(SEM). Polarization plots were realized to study electron microscopy (SEM), microhardness test
behavior corrosion and were realized tests to define and profilometry analysis. The results obtained
the friction coefficient. The nickel coating had a thermal barrier layer with a thickness of
behavior satisfactory in this study. approximately 300 microns with a low fraction
Keywords: Thermal spray HVOF; Corrosion;
of pores.
SEM and friction coefficient. Keywords: Ti6Al4V; HVPS; TBC.
24736 24705
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
estudadas. O material foi moído em duas blends with higher tensile and impact strength,
granulometrias diferentes (uma fina e outra no matter the value of the shot size used during
grossa). Os corpos de prova para ensaios the injection process.
de tração e impacto de blendas ABS/HIPS Keywords: Recycling; ABS; HIPS; Blends.
na proporção 50/50 (% em massa) foram
obtidas diretamente por injeção variando-se a
velocidade de dosagem (50, 150 e 300 mm/s) 24630
e a granulometria do material moído (fina e OBTENÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO
grossa). Os corpos de prova obtidos foram DE LIGAS FeCrNiCoAlCu
caracterizados quanto às suas propriedades e FeCrNiCo(AlCu)0,5
mecânicas (resistência à tração e resistência MULTICOMPONENTES DE ALTA
ao impacto). As diferenças obtidas nas ENTROPIA
propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas Vitor Falcão Artacho – UFABC
através da análise de variância (Anova-fator Carlos Triveño Rios – UFABC
duplo com repetição). Observou-se que a As ligas de alta entropia são sistemas de
velocidade de dosagem e a granulometria do ligas multicomponentes onde os elementos
material não afetaram significativamente os constituintes estão em proporções atômicas
valores de módulo de elasticidade aparente e equivalentes ou quase equivalentes. As ligas
deformação na ruptura das blendas obtidas. de alta entropia são materiais avançados com
Já a granulometria mais fina resultou em propriedades únicas e promissores como
blendas com uma maior resistência à tração e materiais estruturais. Contrário as fases
maior resistência ao impacto, não importando intermetálicas ordenadas esperadas pela
o valor da velocidade de dosagem utilizada metalurgia clássica, fase simples em solução
durante o processo de injeção. sólida com estruturas CCC e CFC têm sido
Palavras-chave: Reciclagem; ABS; HIPS; Blendas. encontradas nos sistemas de ligas de alta
entropia. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi
Influence of processing preparar e caracterizar as ligas selecionadas
conditions on mechanical FeCrNiCoAlCu e FeCrNiCo(AlCu)0,5. A
behavior of ABS/HIPS BLENDS preparação da liga foi realizada em forno
obtained FROM WASTE ELECTRICAL a arco voltaico em atmosfera protegida. A
AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT caracterização microestrutural foi realizada
através de microscopia ótica e microscopia
In this work, blends of ABS (acrylonitrile eletrônica de varredura e por difração
butadiene styrene) and HIPS (high impact de raios-X. A caracterização mecânica foi
polystyrene) obtained from waste electrical and realizada por medidas de dureza Vickers e
electronic equipment (WEEE) was investigated. por ensaio de compressão a frio. Os resultados
The plastic residue WEEE was ground in two mostram que ambas as ligas são constituídas
different particle sizes (fine and coarse particle por soluções solidas de estrutura dendrítica.
size). The ABS/HIPS 50/50 blends specimens for A microdureza e o limite de escoamento
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
tensile and impact tests were obtained directly compressivo da liga FeCrNiCo(AlCu)0,5 foi
by injection molding varying shot size (50, 150, superior à liga FeCrNiCoAlCu.
300 mm/s) and the particle size (fine and coarse
particle size). The specimens obtained were Palavras-chave: Ligas de alta entropia; Solução
sólida; Microdureza, Compressão.
characterized by tensile and impact tests. The
mechanical properties differences were evaluated
by analysis of variance (Two-Way Anova with Preparation and
replication). It was observed that shot size and the characterization of
FeCrNiCoAlCu AND FeCrNiCo(AlCu)0,5
particle size did not affect significantly the values
HIGH ENTROPY multicomponenT
of elastic modulus and deformation at break of the ALLOYs
blends obtained. The finer particle size resulted in
High entropy alloys are multicomponent systems
where the elements are in equivalent atomic
ratio. The high entropy alloys are advanced
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C215
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
materials with unique properties and promissory queda na resistência ao impacto. O método
for structural materials. Unlike the ordered com dois alimentadores apresentou maior
intermetallic phases expected from classical deformação e maior resistência ao impacto.
metallurgy, only a single phase solid solution with Análise termogravimétrica revelou menor
CFC and CCC structures have been found in high teor de fibra incorporado, para o método com
entropy alloy systems. The objective of this study dois alimentadores em relação aos outros
was to prepare and characterize FeCrNiCoAlCu métodos. A análise de micrografias obtidas
and FeCrNiCo(AlCu)0.5 selected alloys, prepared por MEV não revelou diferenças significativas
by arc melting in argon atmosphere. The na adesão entre fibra e matriz, quanto ao
microstructural characterization was performed método de incorporação.
by optical and scanning electron microscopy and
Palavras-chave: Compósito; Pó de serra; PP/
x-ray diffraction. The mechanical characterization EPDM/talco; Método de incorporação.
was realized by Vickers microhardness measures
and compression tests at room temperature. The
SAWDUST INCORPORATION SCHEMES
results showed that both alloys consist of dendritic IN TOUGHENED POLYPROPYLENE (PP/
structure in solid solution. The hardness and EPDM/TALC): EFFECT ON COMPOSITE
compressive yield stress of the FeCrNiCo(AlCu)5 THERMAL AND MECHANICAL
alloy was higher than the FeCrNiCoAlCu alloy. PROPERTIES
Keywords: High entropy alloys, Solid Solution,
Microhardness, Compression. Three schemes of incorporating sawdust in PP/
EPDM/talc have been investigated regarding
their effect on composite mechanical and thermal
24640 properties. The schemes were: tumble premixing
EFEITO DO MÉTODO DE of all components with subsequent injection
INCORPORAÇÃO DE PÓ DE SERRA molding; separate feeding of fiber, polymer matrix,
EM MATRIZ DE POLIPROPILENO and compatibilizer in a co-rotating twin screw
TENACIFICADO (PP/EPDM/TALCO) extruder and subsequent injection molding; tumble
NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E premixing of all components, joint feeding in co-
TÉRMICAS DO COMPÓSITO FINAL
rotating twin screw extruder with subsequent
Juliana Satie Watai – Centro Universitário da FEI injection molding. Fiber incorporation increased
Baltus Cornelius Bonse – Centro Universitário da FEI heat deflection temperature (HDT), tensile and
Foi estudado o efeito do método de flexural strength, Young’s modulus and decreased
incorporação de pó de serra em PP/ impact strength and strain at break in relation
EPDM/talco, nas propriedades mecânicas e to the matrix. At constant fiber content, joint
térmicas do compósito final. Os três métodos feeding showed the highest values of tensile and
de incorporação foram: pré-mistura, por flexural strength, Young’s modulus, and HDT, and
tamboreamento, de todos os componentes lowest impact resistance. The schemes with two
com injeção subsequente; alimentação em feeders showed highest strain at break and impact
separado da fibra, da matriz polimérica e strength. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed less
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
compatibilizante em extrusora dupla rosca fiber incorporation for the scheme with two feeders
co-rotacional, com injeção subsequente; in relation to the other methods. SEM revealed no
pré-mistura, por tamboreamento, de todos significant differences in adhesion between fiber
os componentes, alimentação conjunta em and matrix, regarding incorporation scheme.
extrusora dupla rosca co-rotacional, com Keywords: Composite; Sawdust; PP/EPDM/
injeção subsequente. A adição de fibras talc; Incorporation scheme.
conferiu maiores valores de temperatura
de deflexão ao calor (HDT), resistências à
tração e à flexão, módulo de Young e menores
resistência ao impacto e deformação em
relação à matriz. Para o mesmo teor de fibras,
o método de alimentação conjunta apresentou
os maiores valores de resistência à tração e
flexão, módulo de Young, e HDT, e maior
C216 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
para as análises anteriormente citadas, o Cyanex 272 (0,64 mol/L) e misturas entre
aço apresentou resultados coerentes com a Cyanex 272 (0,64 mol/L) e ácido versático
literatura para todas as análises. (0,53 mol/L). Os resultados revelaram que
Palavras-chave: Escórias; Composição química;
a adição de ácido versático ao Cyanex 272
Oxigênio total; Flotação. provocou um aumento nas extrações de
cálcio, que atingiram cerca de 40% em pH =
analysis of the influence of 5,1, decrescendo com a elevação do pH do
secondary refining SLAGS licor até atingir aproximadamente em 15% pH
and process parameters in = 5,9. As extrações de níquel (em torno de 80%
inclusions CLEANLINESS of steels em pH = 7,1) foram favorecidas, enquanto as
extrações de magnésio permaneceram em
The slag utilized in the secondary refining must torno de 75-80%, numa faixa de pH entre
possess adequate properties so that assist in the 6,0 e 7,0, em comparação com a utilização
control of the inclusions of steel. With this in de apenas Cyanex 272 como extratante. O
view, there are various parameters that must níquel pode ser separado dos metais cálcio
be taken in account to obtain an optimal slag e magnésio, pela mistura dos extratantes
that will go assist in the cleaning of the steel. nas concentrações estudadas, em pH = 5,1,
As a technical for measuring, the total oxygen utilizando-se de 2 a 3 estágios de contactação.
content in the bath is directly related with the Palavras-chave: Níquel; Cyanex 272; Ácido
number of the oxides inclusions presents in the versático.
liquid steel. The present work aims as general
objective the accompaniment of the cleaning of effect of addition of versatic
the inclusions by means of the levels of the total acid to cyanex 272 in the
oxygen presents in steels, for variables selected of separation of calcium,
the slag and of process. From chemistry analysis of magnesium and nickel
the samples of the a steel high carbon aluminum contained in synthetic liquors
killed, were generated graphics with the values sulfuric
of the total oxygen in function of the parameters
%CaO/%Al2O3, %FeO+%MnO, %CaO/%SiO2, This study evaluated the effect of extraction of the
time of flotation in the continuous casting turret metals calcium, magnesium and nickel contained
and pick-up of nitrogen; followed by analysis of in sulfuric synthetic liquors, using the extractant
the results obtained and comparison with data Cyanex 272 (0.64 mol/L), and mixtures of Cyanex
of the literature. Can be concluded, considering 272 (0.64 mol/L) and versatic acid (0.53 mol/L).
the analysis previously mentioned, steel has The results showed that the addition of the versatic
shown results consistent with the literature for acid to Cyanex 272 caused an increase in the
all analysis. extraction of calcium, which reached about 40%
at pH = 5.1, decreasing with increasing of pH of
Keywords: Slag; Chemistry composition; Total
the liquor until it reaches approximately 15% in
oxygen; Flotation.
pH = 5.9. The extraction of nickel (about 80% at
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
hexagonal profile. However, when the synthesis os coeficientes de atenuação em massa das
is conducted in the same thermal conditions and composições, gerando curvas de atenuação,
only in presence of distilled water, the observed no intervalo de energia estimado a cada 0,01
morphology is a cubic boehmite crystals. In keV. Em função destas curvas de atenuação
order to try to understand the mechanism of em massa, verificou-se o desempenho das
crystal growth in the presence of acetate ions, argamassas comparando-as com outros
new synthesis involving the same preparation materiais desenvolvidos e com materiais de
procedure were performed, but with changes in referência (chumbo).
the ways that which reaction occurs. From new
Palavras-chave: Argamassa; Barita; Raios-X;
synthesis performed with potassium acetate in Proteção radiológica.
aqueous neutral environment (pH = 7) or acidic
(pH = 2), it was observed that the presence of
CHARACTERIZATION OF MORTAR TO
acetate ion on the reaction medium is crucial RADIATION PROTECTION
in order to obtain a lamellar morphology. The
crystalline structure of crystals obtained was Mortars made with cement are commonly used for
characterized by XRD and morphology was wall cladding, floors and ceilings. For radiological
examined by SEM. protection, these mortars are added with powdered
Keywords: Boehmite; Hydrothermal synthesis; barium that is a mitigating factor against ionizing
X-ray diffraction; Scanning electron microscopy. radiation. This study aims to compare the usual
mortars used as wall cladding with barium mortar,
whose purpose is to radiological protection in
25062
environments subject to ionizing radiation. Based
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ARGAMASSAS on the proposed objective, we established the
PARA PROTEÇÃO RADIOLÓGICA methodology of the work consists on the following
Frieda Saicla Barros – Universidade Tecnológica steps: characterization of the constituent materials
Federal do Paraná of mortar through the trials of chemical analysis
Gustavo Macioski – Universidade Federal do Paraná by X-ray fluorescence, particle size analysis,
Argamassas feitas com cimento são determination of experimental densities by the
comumente usadas para revestimentos method of weighing and measuring manual
de paredes, pisos e tetos. Para proteção volume of specimens, molding of test specimens
radiológica, estas argamassas são acrescidas of normal mortars and barium mortar (material
de pó de bário, elemento atenuante contra commonly used for radioprotection), assessment
radiações ionizantes. Este trabalho tem como and evaluation of the mechanical properties of the
objetivo principal comparar argamassas usuais radiation attenuation using the program Xcom.
utilizadas como revestimento de paredes Through this program, the mass attenuation
com a argamassa baritada, cuja finalidade é coefficients of the compositions were simulated;
proteção radiológica em ambientes sujeitos generating attenuation curves in the energy
a radiação ionizante. Com base no objetivo range ships each 0.01 keV. Depending on these
proposto, estabeleceu-se a metodologia do mass attenuation curves, there was performance
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
trabalho constituída das seguintes etapas: of the mortars comparing them with reference
caracterização dos materiais constituintes das material (lead).
argamassas por meio dos ensaios de análise Keywords: Mortar; Barite; X-ray; Radiation
química por fluorescência de raios-X, análise protection.
granulométrica, determinação das densidades
experimental pelo método de pesagem e
medição volumétrica manual dos corpos de
prova, moldagem dos corpos de prova das
argamassas normais e argamassa baritada
(material comumente utilizado para proteção
radiológica), avaliação das propriedades
mecânicas e avaliação da atenuação da
radiação X utilizando o programa Xcom.
Por meio deste programa, foram simulados
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C221
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
wireless sensors network. This paper presents BCP pelo método biomiméticos sobre filmes
a ME composite that combine 15% CoFe2O4 das blendas de PLGA/PHB. Para produção
(cobalt ferrite) as magnetostrictive phase and 85% das blendas de PLGA/PHB utilizaram-se as
BaTiO3 as piezoelectric phase. It is shown the proporções de 50:50 e 70:30 sendo realizada
relation among processing/sintering parameters a dissolução dos polímeros em clorofórmio
and the composites’ microstructures, with three pelo método casting. A seguir, foram
different phases arrangements: particulate produzidos revestimentos de BCP sobre as
(obtained by two different methods) and in layers. superfícies dessas blendas utilizando a técnica
The ferrite powder was produced by means of the de colagem. As blendas foram imersas em
ceramic method and mixed with barium titanate uma solução alcoólica de BCP (15 gramas de
in an eccentric mill. Pellets were compacted and solutos para 80 mL de solvente). Esses filmes
sintered at 1,200ºC, 1,300ºC and 1,400ºC for foram caracterizados físico-químicamente
4 hours. The pellets sintered at 1,400ºC were (MEV, DSC, DRX) e por ensaios mecânicos
fused. The sintered samples were analyzed in (HV e Ra). Este material conjugado possui
Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), where pelas suas características físico-químicas
porosity characteristics, grain size and phase e mecânicas um potencial uso em terapias
distribution on the microstructure were evaluated. osteocondrais para reabilitação de médio
It was also performed crystallographic analysis tempo. Uma possível aplicação destes filmes
by X-Ray diffraction, RAMAN spectroscopy seria a sustentação temporária de cartilagens
and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The e ossos danificados por trauma ou doenças
ceramics processing/sintering parameters and the degenerativas.
microstrucures of the samples were correlated.
Palavras-chave: Blendas; BCP; Revestimento;
Keywords: Ceramics processing; Magnetoelectric Biomateriais.
composites; Ferrites; ceramic composites.
Development blends of PLGA/
PHB coated BCP for use in
25231
osteochondral implants
Desenvolvimento de blendas
PLGA/PHB revestidas de BCP Over the past two decades, the World Health
para a utilização em implantes Organization (WHO) has prioritized medical
osteocondrais
research for bone tissue repair. In Brazil, the
Laís Henriques Figueiredo Coura Ferreira – CEFET-MG number of cases of people who undergo procedures
Clara Lana Bispo Fidelis – CEFET-MG for rehabilitation of the locomotor system is one of
Layla Mosqueira Moura – CEFET-MG
the largest in the world. Many of these people need
Sidney Nicodemos da Silva – CEFET-MG
bone and cartilage not available in the domestic
Nas últimas duas décadas, a Organização market implants. The objective of this work was the
Mundial de Saúde (OMS) vem priorizando development of a new non-permanent biomaterial
as pesquisas médicas para reparação do able to help reconsolidation of these lesions. For
tecido ósseo. No Brasil, o número de casos de this, two traditional biomaterials PLGA and BCP
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
pessoas que passam por procedimentos para with a history of satisfactory response equipment
reabilitação do aparelho locomotor é um dos -host, a third material were used PHB was also
maiores do mundo. Muitas dessas pessoas investigated. So in this work, BCP coatings by
necessitam de implantes de ossos e cartilagens biomimetic method on films of blends of PLGA/
não disponíveis no mercado nacional. O PHB were studied. For the production of blends
objetivo deste trabalho foi o desenvolvimento of PLGA/ PHB used the proportions of 50:50
de um novo biomaterial não permanente and 70:30 dissolving the polymer in chloroform
capazes de auxiliar a reconsolidação was performed by casting method. Then, BCP
dessas lesões. Para isso, foram utilizados coatings on the surfaces of these blends using the
dois biomateriais tradicionais o PLGA e o bonding technique were produced. The blends were
BCP com satisfatório histórico de resposta immersed in an alcoholic solution of BCP (15 to 80
material-hospedeiro, um terceiro material o grams of solute mL of solvent). These films were
PHB foi também investigado. Assim neste characterized physico- chemically (SEM, DSC,
trabalho, foram estudados revestimentos de XRD) and mechanical tests (HV and Ra). This
C226 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Paulo
respectivamente. Por outro lado, a adição de
Cristina Bormio Nunes – Universidade de São Paulo
nanofibras de nylon 6 para formar um híbrido,
mostrou-se, bastante promissora ao levar a Literature has shown that spinel Co-Mn ferrite
aumentos de 8% na resistência ao impacto have potential application in magneto-mechanical
sem ocasionar perdas de módulo elástico, sensors, due to its relatively high magnetoelastic
na resistência à ruptura e na deformação na sensitivity. In this work, Co-Mn ferrite was
ruptura. processed by means of the ceramic method, using
Fe2O3, MnO and Co3O4 as raw materials.
Palavras-chave: Nanotubos de carbono
de múltiplas paredes; Epóxi; Eletrofiação; Samples were liquid-phase sintered, using Bi2O3
Nanofibras de nylon 6. additive as liquid-phase former. X-ray fluorescence
analysis was carried out in the raw materials
in order to evaluate their impurity content.
Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis was
used for quantifying the Co/Mn/Fe proportion
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C227
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
in the ferrite. The microstructure of the sintered de provas. Basicamente, deve-se avaliar o
sample was analyzed by means of Scanning histórico de carregamento do componente
Electron Microscopy. The magnetization and a partir da instrumentação e aquisição
magnetostrictive behavior of the ferrite were de dados, discretizar os sinais utilizando
evaluated, obtaining curves for magnetic métodos de contagem de ciclos (rainflow e
hysteresis, magnetostriction and magnetoelastic range-pair), utilizar a regra de Palmgren-
sensitivity. The impurity inclusions and the Bi- Miner para a composição do dano hipotético
rich particles formed from the liquid phase were ao qual o componente deverá ser submetido.
characterized. The sintered ferrite had a total Os componentes escolhidos para demostrar
magnetostriction of -126ppm, which is lower a metodologia foram os suportes do tanque
than the values reported in literature for a Co- de combustível de um caminhão pesado
Mn ferrite of similar composition. It was verified que falharam nos testes de durabilidade em
that sintering was carried out within a critical campo de provas com aproximadamente
temperature range, in which the decomposition 80% para sua conclusão. A metodologia
of Mn ferrites may occur when sintering in air. aplicada mostrou-se bastante eficaz no
This decomposition affects the magnetic properties dimensionamento e análise de severidade
of the material, and it may be avoided by using dos testes de durabilidade acelerada em
controlled sintering atmospheres. laboratório. A amostra avaliada apresentou
Keywords: Magnetic ceramics; Ferrites; a mesma falha encontrada anteriormente
Magnetostriction; Magnetic properties. com 75% do tempo total estimado para
sua conclusão, por volta de 200 horas,
mostrando uma boa relação entre os testes
Mecânica de Fratura e Integridade de durabilidade em campo de provas e em
Estrutural / Structural Fracture and laboratório. A partir dos resultados anteriores,
Integrity uma nova peça foi projetada e submetida aos
mesmos testes ao passo que nenhuma falha
24385 foi observada.
Testes de fadiga baseados Palavras-chave: Fadiga; Dano linear;
em históricos reais de Durabilidade acelerada; Testes automotivos.
carregamento
Rafael Raider Leoni – UFF FATIGUE BENCH TESTS BASED ON
J. A. R. Duran REAL WORLD USAGE
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo The present work has as main objective the use of
principal a utilização da teoria de acúmulo de the fatigue linear damage accumulation theory,
dano linear, proposta por Palmgren e Miner, proposed by Palmgren and Miner, to develop
no desenvolvimento de testes durabilidade accelerated durability testing on automotive
acelerada em componentes automotivos. components.The proving ground durability tests,
Os testes de durabilidade em campo de commonly used for vehicle’s structural validation
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
provas, comumente utilizados na validação e and certification, requires about 6-8 months for
certificação estrutural de veículos, demandam its complete execution and usually runs at the
em torno de 6 a 8 meses para sua conclusão end of the vehicle’s design. Failures at this stage
e geralmente são executados ao final do may be vital and make the schedule product
projeto do veículo, sendo que falhas ocorridas launching unviable. This problem can be solved
nesta fase podem ser vitais ao ponto de by the accelerated durability testing performed in
inviabilizar o lançamento do produto no laboratory that uses real loading histories. These
prazo determinado. Uma saída para este tests are very complex and consist on reproduction
problema são os testes de durabilidade of the most severity loading modes, which were
acelerada realizados em laboratório que measured in proving ground. Essentially, the
utilizam históricos reais de carregamento. loading history of the component must be evaluated
Tais testes são bastante complexos e consistem from the instrumentation and data acquisition,
na reprodução dos modos de carregamento discretization of the signals using cycle counting
de maior severidade medidos em campo methods (rainflow and range-pair counting) and
C228 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
the Palmgren-Miner damage accumulation rule e limite ruptura encontrados nas amostras
for the composition of a hypothetical damage of simuladas foram menores do que aqueles
the part to be submitted. The component used to apresentados pelo material como recebido.
demonstrate the methodology was the fuel tank
Palavras-chave: API 5L X80; Soldagem; ZTA;
bracket of a heavy truck that failed in proving Taxa de resfriamento.
ground’s durability test with about 80% for its
completion. The applied methodology proved
SIMULATION OF COOLING CURVES
to be very effective in the design and severity OF THE HEAT AFFECTED ZONES OF
analysis of the accelerated durability testing. The API 5L X80 STEEL OF WELDS MADE
evaluated part presented the same failure mode BY FLUX CORE ARC WELDING SELF
occurred in proving ground tests with 75% of PROTECTING
the total estimated time for it completion, about
200 hours, showing a good relationship between The simulation of cooling curves of the heat
proving ground and accelerated durability tests. affected zones (HAZ) of API 5L X80 steel was
Based on the previous results, a new part was based on the cooling rates of welds made by
designed and subjected to the same tests whereas the process named FCAW – S (Flux Core Arc
no failure occurred. Welding Self Protecting). The specimens were
Keywords: Fatigue; Linear damage; Accelerated analyzed by macroscopy, light microscopy (LM)
durability, Automotive testing. and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to
investigate the effects of cooling conditions on
the tensile test and Vickers hardness. A thermo-
Produtos Metálicos Ferrosos / Ferrous mechanical simulator showed be able to reproduce
Metallic Products the different thermodynamics conditions of points
in the HAZ and allowed the reproduction of the
24669 thermal cycle obtained by welds were applied to
the specimens of API 5l X80 steel. The values of
SIMULAÇÃO DA CURVA DE
RESFRIAMENTO DA ZONA the yield strength, ultimate strength and hardness
TERMICAMENTE AFETADA DO AÇO found in the specimens were lower than those
API 5L X80 SOLDADO PELO PROCESSO presented by the material as received.
ARAME TUBULAR AUTOPROTEGIDO Keywords: API 5L X80; Welding; HAZ; Cooling
Heronilton Mendes de Lira – UFPE rate.
Ricardo Artur Sanguinetti Ferreira – UFPE
Maurício David Martins das Neves – USP
Severino Leopoldino Urtiga Filho – UFPE 24690
Oscar Olímpio de Araújo Filho – UFPE O EFEITO DA INDUÇÃO MÁXIMA
A simulação de curvas de resfriamento SOBRE A ENERGIA DISSIPADA POR
HISTERESE EM AÇOS ELÉTRICOS DE
da zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) do
GRÃO NÃO ORIENTADO
aço API 5L X80 foi realizada com base nas
taxas de resfriamento de soldas reais do Daniel Luiz Rodrigues Júnior – Universidade São
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
Paulo
processo arame tubular autoprotegido. As
Fernando José Gomes Landgraf – Universidade São
amostras foram analisadas por macroscopia, Paulo
microscopia óptica (MO) e microscopia Sérgio Antônio Romero – Universidade São Paulo
eletrônica de varredura (MEV) para investigar
os efeitos das condições de resfriamento sobre O presente trabalho avalia o efeito da
o ensaio de tração e de dureza Vickers. Um indução máxima sobre a energia dissipada
simulador termomecânico (STM) reproduziu por histerese magnética em amostras de
as diferentes condições termodinâmicas aços elétricos de grão não orientado. Tal
de pontos da ZTA e permitiu que os ciclos relação foi descrita por Steinmetz como uma
térmicos obtidos por soldas reais fossem lei de potência cujo expoente tem valor 1,6.
aplicados a amostras do Aço API 5L X80. No entanto, esta lei falha quando aplicada
Os valores de dureza, limite de escoamento a uma ampla faixa de induções magnéticas.
Com o objetivo de se avaliar a aplicabilidade
dessa equação chapas de aço elétrico foram
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C229
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
those treated at 740ºC, however with lower tensile production. The international standards indicate
and yield strengths and superior elongation an annual consumption of 1.33 kilograms per
value, suggesting a morphology influence on head, with tendency to an exponential growth for
the mechanical behavior of the material. The as whose reasons are very important the improvement
received material had shown the best combination of the processes manufacturers and the quality of
between strength, elongation and formability, the same ones.
suggesting that this condition is the most indicated Keywords: Aluminum; Properties; Manufacture.
for the automotive segment.
Keywords: Dual-phase steel; Intercritical
annealing; Mechanical properties; Formability. 24300
NUMERICAL MODELING OF AN
EULER-BERNOULLI METALLIC BEAM
USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Produtos Metálicos Não-Ferrosos / Adriana Amaro Diacenco – Centro Universitário de
Itajubá
Non Ferrous Metallic Products
Andrey Maxwell – Centro Universitário de Itajubá
Andreza Aparecida da Silva – Centro Universitário de
24196 Itajubá
INGENIERÍA MANUFACTURERA DEL
This work presents the finite element modeling
ALUMINIO
of Euler-Bernoulli beams constituted of a
Luis Jimmy Clemente Condori – Universidad Nacional metallic material, discussing theoretical and
del Centro numerical aspects. The numerical analysis uses
El bajo peso, una excelente solidez, muy Hermitian interpolation functions and finite
buena ductilidad y una elevada capacidad elements with two degrees of freedom per node.
conductora de electricidad y térmica hacen A numerical simulation will be done for uniform
del aluminio, dentro de los metales no loading considering two kinds beams (steel and
ferrosos, sea un metal de amplia aplicación aluminum). The paper is organized as follows:
industrial. El aluminio tiene una notable introductory comments and numerical simulations
demanda en el mercado internacional, en to evaluate the static and dynamical behavior of
sus diversas formas de presentación; su the metallic beams.
aplicación va creciendo permanentemente, Keywords: Structures; Finite element modeling;
por lo que el sector fabril viene dinamizando Euler-Bernoulli beams.
y ampliando su producción. Los estándares
internacionales indican un consumo anual per
cápita de 1.33 kilogramos, con tendencia a un 24934
crecimiento exponencial, por cuyos motivos EFEITOS NA MICROESTRUTURA
es muy importante la mejora de los procesos E TEXTURA DE UMA LIGA DE
manufactureros y la calidad de los mismos. ALUMÍNIO AA1070 PROCESSADO VIA
ECAP ATRAVÉS DAS ROTAS BA E BC
Palabras-clave: Aluminio; Propiedades;
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
temperatures lower than usual processes as waste de relações entre os principais constituintes
and taking only water vapor. In this study we destas inclusões (%FeO versus %SiO2, %SiO2
sought to investigate the influence of hydrogen versus %Al2O3, %Al2O3 versus %MgO e
flow on the efficiency of the reduction of Cu2O %CaO versus % K2O). Utilizou-se, então, a
by hydrogen plasma at a low temperature. The técnica de regressão linear (com reta passando
experiments were performed in DC pulsed plasma e sem passar pela origem) para cada uma
reactor in flow rates of 100 , 200 , 300 and 400 destas relações de modo a obter e avaliar o
cm3/min a constant temperature of 300°C for valor do coeficiente de determinação linear
1h and pressure 4Torr . The efficiency of the R2. Aplicou-se, ainda, o teste de t de Student
reduction was determined by a mass balance para avaliar a hipótese de “reta passando
and analysis of the reduction products were forçosamente pela origem”, como proposto
made by x – ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning por Dillmann et al. [1]. Não foi possível
electron microscopy (MEV).The results confirm obter a assinatura química dos processos
the reduction in plasma as a new route for the produtivos, visto que a análise estatística dos
production of metallic copper and demonstrate that dados mostrou uma incoerência no modelo
the changes in hydrogen flow have little influence utilizado por Dillmann et al. [1], que assumia
on the efficiency of the reduction. que a regressão linear passava pela origem
Keywords: Reduction; Copper oxide; Hydrogen dos eixos.
plasma. Palavras-chave: Arqueometalurgia; Microanálise
de inclusões; Análise estatística; Processos de
produção.
Tarde / Afternoon
VERIFICATION OF STATISTICAL
16h às 16h40 / 4:00pm to 4:40pm ANALYSIS OF SLAG INCLUSIONS
IN SAMPLES FROM FERROUS
Diagramas de Fases e Transformações COLLECTED IN THE VICINITY OF
de Fases / Phase Diagrams and Phase MORRO ARAÇOIABA
Transformations
In the present study, analyzed three samples
25811 from ferrous metal Real Iron Factory Ipanema
(RIFI) three other archaeological Site in Sardinia
VERIFICAÇÃO ESTATÍSTICA DA
(ASS) in search of a chemical signature of the
ANÁLISE DE INCLUSÕES DE
ESCÓRIA EM AMOSTRAS FERROSAS production processes of these objects based on a
COLETADAS NO ENTORNO DO linear regression model the results of chemical
MORRO DE ARAÇOIABA analysis of non-metallic inclusions proposed
by Dillmann et al. [1]. Microstructural
Rafael Rocha Maia – USP
Marcelli Susaki – USP
characterization techniques used were associated
Cesar Roberto de Farias Azevedo – USP with EDS microanalysis (Energy dispersive X-
Fernando José Gomes Landgraf – USP ray spectroscopy) of these inclusions. With the
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
inconsistency in the model used by Dillmann et Perlite has first nucleation of ferritic grains and
al. [1], which assumed that the linear regression at a later instant perlitic grains. Recently, Rios
passing through the origin of the axes. and Villa presented an exact analytical method
Keywords: Archaeometallurgy; Microanalysis
that applies to simultaneous and/or sequential
of inclusions; Statistical analysis; Production transformations. In this work the method of Causal
processes. Cone (CC) was used for the microstructural
modeling of sequential transformations. The CC
is a very versatile computational method, its
24447 efficiency in simulations of nucleation and growth
SIMULAÇÃO DE REAÇÕES COM was already presented. The data obtained in the
NUCLEAÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO DE simulations were compared with the analytical
FASES SEQUENCIAIS PELO MÉTODO equations of Rios and Villa. The simulation allows
DO CONE CAUSAL to obtain, besides the microstructure, quantitative
André Luiz Moraes Alves – UFF microstructural quantities such as the volume
Weslley Luiz da Silva Assis – UFF fraction transformed, surface area per unit volume,
Simone Carreiro de Oliveira – UFF forward speed interfaces and microstructural path.
Paulo Rangel Rios – UFF
Keywords: Recrystallization; Sequential
As transformações sequenciais estão presentes reactions; Computer simulation.
em vários materiais, como por exemplo, nos
aços, onde na transformação da Austenita
em Ferrita e Perlita, tem-se inicialmente a 24756
nucleação dos grãos ferríticos e em um instante EFEITO DA ADIÇÃO DE METANO E
posterior a nucleação dos grãos perlíticos. ARGÔNIO NA REDUÇÃO POR PLASMA
Recentemente, Rios e Villa apresentaram DA HEMATITA DE ALTA PUREZA
um método analítico exato que se aplica às Tiago Bristt Gonoring – IFES
transformações de fase simultâneas e/ou Adonias Ribeiro Franco Júnior – IFES
sequenciais. Neste trabalho o método do Cone Estéfano Aparecido Vieira – IFES
Causal (CC) foi utilizado para o modelamento Ramiro da Conceição do Nascimento Júnior – IFES
microestrutural das transformações Neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito da adição
sequenciais. Vale ressaltar que o CC é um de metano e argônio sobre a redução a plasma
método computacional muito versátil, sua de pós de hematita de alta pureza (com
eficiência em simulações de nucleação e %Fe2O3> 99,00 e tamanho de partículas
crescimento já foi apresentada em trabalhos <5µm). Os experimentos de redução foram
prévios. Os dados obtidos nas simulações realizados em reator a plasma pulsado DC,
foram comparados com as equações analíticas nas temperaturas de 360 e 400°C, por tempos
de Rios e Villa. A simulação permite obter, de 30, 60, 90 e 120 minutos, sob atmosferas
além da microestrutura propriamente dita, de 100%H2, 2,5% Ar + 97,5%H2 e 2,5% CH4
grandezas microestruturais quantitativas, + 97,5%H2. Os resultados mostram que o
tais como: fração volumétrica transformada, plasma de hidrogênio puro permite obter
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
área superficial por unidade de volume, frações de redução de até 93% após por 120
velocidade de avanço das interfaces e o min na temperatura de 400°C. Sob essas
caminho microestrutural. mesmas condições de referência, verificou-se
Palavras-chave: Recristalização; Reações que a adição de argônio, além de garantir uma
sequenciais; Simulação Computacional. melhor estabilidade ao plasma, possibilitou
a redução de 91% da hematita. A adição
SIMULATION OF REACTION WITH de metano, além de prejudicar a redução,
NUCLEATION AND GROWTH OF causou instabilidade no plasma. Em todas
SEQUENTIAL PHASES BY THE CAUSAL as condições estudadas, verificou-se que a
CONE METHOD redução de hematita a ferro se deu em duas
etapas: Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → Fe.
Sequential transformations are present in
Palavras-chave: Redução; Plasma de hidrogênio;
various materials, for example in steel, where Hematita; Argônio; Metano.
the transformation of Austenite into Ferrite and
C234 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
than the emission standards for Class 1 regulated that can be used in the manufacturing process
by the Brazilian environmental legislation in force. itself. The industry rejects the furniture sector is
The sedimentation process was able to reduce by growing every moment economically damaging
21% of the COD. In the test of loss on ignition industries, but also for environmental reasons.
(LOI) from the tank bottom sludge were observed Given this, proposals has been launched to have a
losses of 29.35%, while the volatile analysis good use of this material. Therefore, making use of
found 20.70% of volatiles in the sample. Based these ideas for primary recycling, companies can
on the analysis of X-ray diffraction, the minerals achieve reuse about 90% of this metal material,
identified in the sludge were quartz, muscovite, it generates a good economy, becoming a highly
kaolinite, calcite and albite. profitable practice.
Keywords: Wastewater; Slurry; Characterization; Keywords: Primary recycling; Furniture sector.
Ferromanganese alloys.
25120
24481 Experimental study of
RECICLAGEM PRIMÁRIA DE METAIS carbonate reactivity in the
PROVENIENTES DA INDÚSTRIA context of CO2 geological
MOVELEIRA storage
Aureliano Xavier dos Santos – UFCG Tiago de Abreu Siqueira – PUC-RS
Rômulo do Nascimento Rodrigues – UFCG Gabriela de Freitas Quandt – PUC-RS
Juliana Meira de Vasconcelos Xavier – UFCG Laura Kunz – PUC-RS
Anthony Credoz – PUC-RS
A prática do uso da Reciclagem primária Rodrigo Iglesias – PUC-RS
é algo que vem crescendo ao longo
dos anos. Objetivou-se neste trabalho, o CO2 geological storage is one of the current
reaproveitamento de metais, tubo industrial technologies developed worldwide to reduce
de aço provenientes de indústrias moveleira, industrial emissions of carbon dioxide to the
através de um projeto de reciclagem, o qual atmosphere. Two main mineral types of deep
transforma aquele material considerado geological reservoir could be contemplated
sucata em um novo produto que pode ser for CO2 storage: sandstone reservoirs and
utilizado no próprio processo fabril. Os carbonaceous reservoirs. Geochemical reactivity
rejeitos das indústrias do setor moveleiro of a dolomite-calcite mineral compound and
vem crescendo a cada dia prejudicando-as magnesite pure mineral was studied with a set
economicamente, como também por questões of nine experiments per crushed mineral phase
ambientais. Diante disto, propostas vem sendo with two saline solution and with mQ water
feitas para se obter um bom aproveitamento and three temperatures: 50°C, 90°C and 150°C.
desse material. Portanto, fazendo o uso dessas Experiments were performed in batch reactors
ideias de reciclagem primária, as empresas with 250 bar of CO2 partial pressure during 24h
podem conseguir reaproveitar cerca de 90% to assess the effect of temperature and salinity in
desse material metálico, gerando uma boa constant CO2 pressure. Solid characterization
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
economia e se tornando uma prática bastante was performed by XRD and solution analysis
rentável. by ICP-OES. Acidification of solutions due to
CO2 dissolution in water is the main source of
Palavras-chave: Reciclagem primária; Setor reactivity in the system. Proton concentration
moveleiro.
increases and causes partial dissolution of initial
dolomite, calcite and magnesite and release of
PRIMARY METALS RECYCLING FROM Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations in solution. Bicarbonate
THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY anion (HCO3) concentration also increases due to
CO2 dissolution in water and carbonate minerals
The practice of using primary Recycling is
dissolution. Temperatures of 90°C and 150ºC
something that has been growing over the years.
increase the kinetic of reaction and the dissolution
The objective of this work, recycling of metals,
of minerals and cations release in solution. New
industrial steel pipe from furniture industries,
through a recycling project, which transforms
that material considered junk into a new product
C238 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
carbonate crystalline phase precipitates as a Ca, manufacturing of pre – molded gypsum process
Mg solid solution between dolomite and calcite and on construction sites where the product is
pure poles. applied for decorative purposes. Clinker, 3-5% by
Keywords: CO2; Geological storage; Carbonate;
weight of natural gypsum and 5% by weight of
Reactivity. carbonate material were ground in a ball mill for
industrial Polysius mark. The same procedure was
repeated with the residue of partially substituting
24601 natural gypsum for gypsum benchmarks. The
APLICAÇÃO DO RESÍDUO DE PEÇAS chemical characterization of the materials involved
PRÉ-MOLDADAS DE GESSO NA in the study was investigated using x -ray
PRODUÇÃO DE CIMENTO PORTLAND fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffraction (XRD).
Kênia Gomes Aires – IFES The physical properties of the cement samples with
Desilvia Machado Louzada – IFES and without residue were tested by determining
Viviana Passamai Della-Sagrillo – IFES the mechanical resistance. It was found that the
A presente pesquisa estuda a possibilidade cement produced with the waste gypsum meets the
do uso de resíduos de gesso em substituição specifications of ABNT may be characterized as an
à gipsita na produção de Cimento Portland. advantageous alternative raw material in cement
O resíduo de grande potencial poluidor foi manufacturing process and public administration
originado no processo de fabricação de peças with the proper disposal of this waste.
pré-moldadas de gesso e em canteiros de Keywords: Mechanical resistance; Gypsum;
obras onde é aplicado o produto para fins Waste gypsum; Portland cement.
decorativos. Clinquer, 3-5% em massa de
gipsita natural e 5% em massa de material
24667
carbonático foram moídos em moinho de
bola industrial da marca Polisyus. O mesmo Reciclagem de terras raraS A
procedimento foi repetido com o resíduo PARTIR DE RESÍDUOS DE BATERIAS
DE NíQUEL METAL HIDRETO: ETAPA
de gesso substituindo parcialmente a
DE CARACTERIZAÇÃO
gipsita natural para termos comparativos.
A caracterização química dos materiais Catharina Rebucci Ribeiro Orsoli – Senai Mario Amato
Fernando Nascimento Codelo – Senai Mario Amato
envolvidos na pesquisa foi investigada usando
Viviane Tavares Moraes – USP
Fluorescência de Raios-X (FRX) e Difração de Denise Corcce Romano Espinosa – USP
Raios-X (DRX). As propriedades físicas das
amostras de cimento com e sem resíduo Com o crescimento do mercado tecnológico,
foram testadas através da determinação da os modelos de aparelhos eletrônicos sofreram
resistência mecânica. Constatou-se que o adaptações, principalmente em relação aos
cimento produzido com o resíduo de gesso tamanhos os quais se tornaram: menores, mais
atende as especificações da ABNT podendo leves e com mais rapidez operacional. Alguns
ser caracterizado como uma matéria- resíduos de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos
prima alternativa vantajosa no processo de contem terras raras (TRs) em sua composição.
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
of drying at room temperature, the material went Palavras-chave: Compósito; Flexão; Fibras de
through a Wiley mill using 3 mm grids. The carbono; Orientação.
milled material and divided into 100 g fractions,
with a part to acid digestion, one to one for EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION
loss on ignition and the rest were directed to OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY OF CARBON-
the hydrometallurgical route (to the extraction, EPOXY COMPOSITE MATERIAL
identification and quantification of TRs present
in Nickel metal hydride batteries), looking for a The carbon-epoxy composite has high specific
selectively obtain of the TRs. resistance and strength. However, its behavior
under compressive stress could be decreased
Keywords: Recycling; Nickel metal hydridre; because of buckling, needing more detailed studies.
Rare earths; Characterization. The objective of the present work is to verify which
mechanical properties are affected exclusively
by the fibre’s orientation. Specimens oriented in
C240 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
0°/90° and 0°/90°/45 were fabricated and taken as cargas de prova apresentaram pouca
to bending tests, accordingly to the norms ASTM influência na flexibilidade do dispositivo,
E855 and D790, in a universal testing machine e consequentemente pouca influência na
MTS – Material Test System, with full capacity of rigidez após os cálculos de correção.
250 kN. Primarily the carbon fiber fabrics suffered
Palavras-chave: Rigidez à flexão; Correção;
a superficial physical treatment called silanization, ASTM F382; ABNT NBR 15676-2.
developing a better adhesion of the fibers in the
resin. After the superficial treatment, the layers
CORRECTION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY
were embedded with epoxy resin. Within 1 hour ON BONE PLATES TESTING
at 120°C, the composite resin’s cure were obtained
in a Fanem heater, model 320, subsequently the Plate bones are components used to fix or heal bone
specimens were obtained using the water jet cut. fractures. Talking about orthopedic implants, it is
It was concluded that all specimens failed by essential to understand the material behavior when
tension. Specimens with internal void volumes subjected to mechanical stresses. Mechanical tests
presented lower flexural modulus and those with are performed based on technical standards, where
the presence of fracture mechanisms like buckling for bone plates, ASTM F382 and ABNT NBR
and delamination showed lower strength values. 15672-2 are used. The effect of the flexibility of the
Keywords: Laminated; Carbon-epoxy; Carbon test device can be affect the test result to determine
fibers; Orientation. the flexural rigidity of a bone plate. To check the
magnitude of this effect, static bending tests
and flexibility test of device were executed. The
24874
mechanical properties of the plate were evaluated
CORREÇÃO DA RIGIDEZ À FLEXÃO by applying the correction device flexibility. The
EM ENSAIOS DE PLACAS ÓSSEAS results showed that the flexibility of the device had
METÁLICAS
little influence on the flexural rigidity.
Agnes Ágata Fróes Martins – UFRGS
Afonso Reguly – UFRGS Keywords: Bend testing; Compensation; ASTM
Bill Paiva dos Santos – UFRGS F1264-03; ABNT NBR 15668-2.
Cínthia Gabriely Zimmer – UFRGS
Claudia Lisiane Fanezi da Rocha – UFRGS
Daniel Antonio Kapper Fabricio – UFRGS 24586
Vagner Machado Costa – UFRGS DETERMINAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DE
CURVAS DE ENVELHECIMENTO E DE
Placas ósseas metálicas são componentes CURVAS DE FLUÊNCIA PARA A LIGA
utilizados para correção ou cura de fraturas DE ALUMÍNIO AA 7475 SOB FLEXÃO
ósseas. Em se tratando de implantes
Marcello Vertamatti Mergulhão – Centro Universitário
ortopédicos, é fundamental conhecer
da FEI
o comportamento dos materiais quando Maurício de Carvalho Silva – Centro Universitário da
submetidos a esforços mecânicos. Para isto FEI
ensaios são realizados baseados em normas
técnicas, que no caso específico de placas Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
The results obtained in this study were: the creep Palavras-chave: Usinagem com alta velocidade;
versus the aging time curves, the hardness curves Aços endurecidos; Rugosidade; Microestrutura;
and the shape curvature of the samples bended. Desgaste de ferramenta.
Keywords: Aluminum Aalloys; Aging; Creep;
CAF Process. CARBIDETOOLANALYSISBEHAVIORIN
HIGH SPEED MILLING ofHARDENED
AISI H13 STEEL
Evaluate properties of crack resistance propagation corte da barra, podem ocasionar o seu
in steels is a key element in structural integrity empenamento.
methods. Such characterization usually occurs Palavras-chave: Simulação computacional;
by getting resistance curves of stable propagation Trefilação; Fieira.
defects (JR curve) of the material. So to make this
larger study, JR curves of a structural steel will be
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE
obtained to developing a methodological sequence DRAWING DIE GEOMETRY BY means
for achieving JR curves. The fracture toughness of computer simulation
test to obtain the JR curve will be conducted
using single specimen technique and unloading Drawn bars may not present the required profile
compliance, according to the standard ASTM for their manufacturers after its production
E1820. For this study, a compact specimen C(T) process. For this reason this paper has as objective
to study different die geometries, more precisely
the drawing angle and bearing zone (Hc) of the
C246 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
tool. For the numeric model process was used SURVEY OF PHYSICAL CHEMICAL
the DeformTM software which has enabled this CHARACTERISTICS OF DUPLEX
study with die influence simulations for the STAINLESS STEEL 2205 FOR
products residual stress (AISI1045 still bars). APPLICATIONS IN OFFSHORE
Were analyzed the different material behavior in INDUSTRY
process with die angle of 15 and 20 degrees. The
focus is on variations of residual stresses and to Duplex stainless steel (DSS) are structural
investigate the changes in the final product. In one materials potentially applicable in marine
of the main comparison between the drawing dies environments, subject to high pressure and
before said, was observed a difference of residual corrosion rates. The precipitation of intermetallic
stress with nearly 206MPa in the drawing bar in these steels, particularly sigma phase, can
center, result which added with asymmetric stress compromise the structural performance of
distributions, in relation to the determined bar components in duplex steel. Thus, the aim of
central point, may cause its bowing. this study is to investigate the physicochemical
properties of 2205 duplex steel for applications in
Keywords: Numerical simulation; Cold-drawing; the offshore industry. To this end, microstructural
wire drawing die. analyzes were performed based on images of
optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron
24565 microscopy (SEM), accelerated corrosion tests
LEVANTAMENTO DE by immersion, Vickers hardness (HV) and
CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO- x-ray diffraction (XRD) to verify sigma phase
QUÍMICAS DO AÇO DUPLEX 2205 presence. It’s observed as a result a peculiar
PARA APLICAÇÕES NA INDÚSTRIA two-phase microstructure, a discrete uniform
OFFSHORE corrosive process and absence of sigma phase in
Igor Hector Rodrigues Silva – CEFET-MG
the material as received indicating great potential
Sidney Nicodemos da Silva – CEFET-MG for application in the offshore industry.
Ivete Peixoto Pinheiro Silva – CEFET-MG Keywords: Duplex stainless steel; Sigma phase;
Aços inoxidáveis duplex (AID) são materiais Corrosion; Offshore.
estruturais potencialmente aplicáveis
em ambientes marinhos, sujeitos a altas 24703
pressões e taxas de corrosão. A precipitação
INFLUÊNCIA DA TEMPERATURA NO
de intermetálicos nesses aços, sobretudo COMPORTAMENTO À CORROSÃO E
a fase sigma (σ), podem comprometer o À CORROSÃO SOB TENSÃO DO AÇO
desempenho estrutural de componentes INOXIDÁVEL DÚPLEX AISI 318 EM
em aço duplex. Deste modo, o objetivo MEIO CONTENDO CLORETO
deste estudo é investigar propriedades
Leandro Brunholi Ramos – UFRGS
físico-químicas do aço duplex 2205, para Maiquel Antoniazi da Rosa – UFRGS
aplicações na indústria offshore. Para tanto, Cristiane de Souza Brandolt – UFRGS
foram realizadas análises microestruturais Roberto Moreira Schroede – UFRGS
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
higher than the pitting potential, a dramatic 5L X80M – PSL2; Recristalização dinâmica.
reduction in elongation was observed, in both
temperatures. However, when the potential was
The development of high strength steels associated
held below -650mVECS at 70°C and -750 mVECS
with good toughness is an alternative to reduce
at room temperature, a reduction in maximum
costs in the construction and installation of
elongation until rupture was observed, probably
pipelines, due to the possibility of reducing the
through hydrogen embrittlement mechanism.
tubes thickness without its performance being
Keywords: Dúplex stainless steel; Stress affected. The API steels (American Petroleum
corrosion cracking; Slow strain rate testing. Institute) belong to the class HSLA (High Strength
Low Alloy) possessing the desirable combinations
of tensile strength, ductility, toughness and
weldability. In hot rolling process the steels
behavior is directly related to the processing
parameters such as temperature, strain, strain
C248 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
rate, cooling rate and interpass time. The control magnéticas de material macio “soft”, com
of these parameters is important to determine baixa coercividade (0,189 kOe) e magnetização
the microstructure and mechanical properties of de saturação (47,699 emu/g).
the material. The main of this work is to study
Palavras-chave:Ferrita; Ni-Zn-Sm; Propriedades
the thermomechanical behavior of API 5L PSL2 magnéticas; Samário.
X80M steel through isothermal hot torsion test.
Through these tests will be determined the peak
MICROSTRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC
stress and strain, critical stress and strain and the PROPERTIES OF Ni-Zn FERRITE doped
softening percentage of the material. with samarium
Keywords:
Ferrites are ceramic compounds which exhibit
magnetic properties, which are dependent on
Materiais Cerâmicos, Compósitos e its crystal structure. Among ferrites, the Ni-Zn
Poliméricos / Ceramics, Composite and type is one of the most promising, due to the
Polymeric Materials microstructure and the magnetic properties of
this material. This work aimed to analyze the
24845 microstructure and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn
MICROESTRUTURA E PROPRIEDADES ferrite doped with ions (TR) Sm3+. The Sm-Ni-Zn
MAGNÉTICAS DA FERRITA Ni-Zn ferrite was obtained by polymeric precursors by
DOPADA COM SAMÁRIO dissolving citric acid, iron nitrate, nickel nitrate,
zinc nitrate, samarium nitrate and ethylene glycol.
Raimison Bezerra de Assis – UFRN
Flanelson Maciel Monteiro – IF Baiano The obtained resin was pyrolyzed at 350°C/2h
Samara Melo Valcacer – UFRN with a heating rate of 10°C/ min. and calcined at
Ariadne de Souza Silva – UFRN 650°C/3h with a heating rate of 10°C/ min. The
Maurício Roberto Bomio Delmonte – UFRN resulting material was characterized by X-ray
Carlos Alberto Paskocimas – UFRN diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy
Rubens Maribondo do Nascimento – UFRN
Uílame Umbelino Gomes – UFRN
(SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometry
Fabiana Villela da Motta – UFRN (VSM). The results showed the formation of
single phase Ni-Zn ferrite, Sm, and agglomerated
Ferritas são compostos cerâmicos que particles with magnetic properties of soft material
apresentam propriedades magnéticas, “soft”, low coercivity (0,189 kOe) and saturation
sendo estas dependentes da sua estrutura magnetization (47,699 emu/ g).
cristalina. Dentre as ferritas, a do tipo Ni-Zn
é uma das mais promissoras, em virtude Keywords: Ferrite; Ni-Zn-Sm; Magnetic
properties; Samarium.
da microestrutura e das propriedades
magnéticas deste material. Este trabalho
teve como objetivo analisar a microestrutura 25056
e propriedades magnéticas da ferrita Ni-Zn determinação das constantes
dopada com íons (TR) Sm3+. A ferrita Ni-Zn- elásticas por ultrassom em
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
parte central das pastilhas. O inchamento have led to these elastic constants, which showed
das pastilhas UO2, decorrente dos produtos excellent agreement with literature available to
de fissão, causa trincamento do material e o Al2O3.
estudo do seu comportamento é importante. Keywords: Ultrasound; Ultrasonic wave; Elastic
Esse trabalho avaliou a aplicação de método constants; Alumina.
ultrassônico na obtenção de constantes
elásticas. Em função das dificuldades no
manuseio do material nuclear, optou-se por 25134
um estudo comparativo em pastilhas de Preparação e caracterização
alumina (Al2O3). Foram fabricados e usados das propriedades de tijolos de
dois conjuntos de 10 pastilhas de Al2O3 solo-cimento
com densidades de 92% e 96%. Foi utilizada Elcio Correia de Souza Tavares – Universidade
técnica ultrassônica por transmissão obtendo Potiguar
medidas do tempo de percurso de ondas Danilo Duarte Costa e Silvar – Universidade Potiguar
ultrassônicas, longitudinais e transversais, No estado do RN o êxodo da população
usadas para a determinação das constates residente na zona rural para a zona urbana
elásticas do material. Equações relacionando ocorre de forma ainda acentuada, tendo como
densidade do material e velocidade da onda agravante o ciclo de secas periódicas. Outro
ultrassônica ao módulo de elasticidade, problema do estado é a desertificação, que
módulo de cisalhamento e coeficiente de vem tomando proporções maiores ao longo
Poisson, permitiram obter essas constantes dos anos, e em algumas regiões específicas,
elásticas, que apresentaram excelente gera relevante preocupação ambiental, uma
concordância com a literatura disponível vez que as cerâmicas ali presentes utilizam
para o Al2O3. a vegetação local como combustível nos
Palavras-chave: Ultrassom; Onda ultrassônica; fornos de tecnologia tradicional. Embora se
Constantes elásticas; Alumina. tenha consciência deste problema, pouco se
percebe em termos de iniciativa para saná-lo,
DETERMINATION OF THE ELASTIC uma vez que o setor é marcado pela baixa
CONSTANTS BY ULTRASOUND IN tecnologia empregada. Uma alternativa para
ALUMINA (Al2O3) SIMULATING a construção de residências para a população
Uranium FUEL pellets (UO2) de baixo poder aquisitivo é a utilização de
tijolos feitos de solo-cimento. O solo-cimento
Uranium pellets (UO2) are used as fuel in é uma mistura íntima e bem proporcionada
power reactors, where operational conditions de solo com cimento Portland, de tal modo
introduce high thermal gradients in the tablets. que haja uma estabilização daquele por este,
High powers provide the in the middle of the melhorando as propriedades da mistura. O
pellet. The swelling of UO2 pellets, resulting tijolo feito de solo-cimento é caracterizado por
from the fission products, causes cracking of um menor custo final que o tradicional e pela
the material and it´s important to study their baixa agressão ao meio ambiente, uma vez
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
behavior. This study evaluated the application que não é queimado. Neste trabalho foram
of the ultrasonic method in obtaining elastic produzidos tijolos de terra crua misturada
constants. Due to the difficulties in handling com cimento (20% a 30%) e compactados em
nuclear material, we chose a comparative study prensa manual. Foram realizados análises
in tablets of alumina (Al2O3). Were made and dos materiais empregados e de resistência à
used two sets of pads 10 Al2O3 with densities of compressão dos tijolos produzidos. Verificou-
92% and 96%. Ultrasonic transmission technique se que o tijolo de solo-cimento possui
was used for obtaining measurements of the travel resistência a compressão dentro das normas
time of the ultrasonic longitudinal and transverse e facilidade de fabricação, proporcionado
waves. These are used for determining the elastic assim uma solução alternativa para o setor.
constants of the material. Equations relating
Palavras-chave: Solo-cimento; Meio ambiente;
material density and velocity of the ultrasonic
Habitação popular.
wave to the elasticity, shear and Poisson’s modules
C250 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
aplicação e uso. Devido à grande utilização gloss and decrease of mechanical strength. Such
de polímeros nas mais diversas aplicações phenomena are almost always associated with
ao ar livre, surgiu a necessidade de estudar processes of chain scission and in some cases also
sua resistência às intempéries, não somente occur crosslinks. To assess the stability or evaluate
por aspectos estéticos, como descoloração ou the efficiency of a polymer is necessary to subject
perda de brilho, mas também por mudanças them to tests simulating the conditions to which
nas suas propriedades. Os polímeros he was exposed during its lifetime. In that contest
quando expostos a luz solar na presença de an assessment of the degradation of polypropylene
oxigênio são degradados, no entanto as taxas exposed to ultraviolet radiation will be presented.
de degradação foto-oxidativa dependem Keywords: Polypropylene; degradation;
fortemente da natureza química do polímero. Ultraviolet.
Durante o processo de degradação ocorrem
mudanças físicas e químicas no polímero
que levam à descoloração, fissuramento, 25138
perda de brilho e queda de resistência Estudo dos efeitos da radiação
mecânica. Tais fenômenos estão quase gama em EVA por infra vermelho
sempre associados a processos de cisão de e microscopia eletronica de
cadeia e, em alguns casos, ocorrem também varredura
reticulações. Para se avaliar a estabilidade, ou Elaine Cristina de Azevedo – UTFPR
mesmo avaliar a eficiência de um polímero, Viviane Ruffini – UTFPR
é necessário submetê-los a ensaios que Materiais poliméricos sofrem danos
simulem as condições às quais ele estaria estruturais ao serem submetidos à radiação X.
exposto durante a sua vida útil. Nesse Estes danos podem causar reticulação, quebra
contexto será apresentada uma avaliação de ligações entre outros danos. Em diversos
sobre a degradação do polipropileno exposto serviços de radiodiagnostico e de radioterapia
a radiação ultravioleta. é utilizado placa de etileno vinil acetato,
Palavra-chave: Polipropileno; Degradação: EVA, para auxiliar o posicionamento de
Ultravioleta. pacientes crianças ate 2 anos em radiografias
de tórax. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar
ANALYSIS OF AGING OF se este material é adequado para ser utilizado
POLYCARBONATE SUBJECTED TO UV nestes serviços. Para tanto, amostras do
RADIATION material foram submetidas a dose de 25
kGy e avaliados por espectrometria de infra
Polypropylene is a polymer chemically neutral, vermelho com transformada de Fourier, e
100% recyclable, high temperature resistant, a superfície por medidas de rugosidade e
waterproof , durable, which offers a fantastic microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os
combination of physical, chemical, mechanical, resultados indicam que o material apresenta
thermal and electrical properties (electrical degradação com dose de 5 kGy e aumento
insulator). Polypropylene is one of the biggest da rugosidade.
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
in children chest radiographs. The objective of this apresentaram resultados satisfatórios dentro
work is to verify that this material is suitable for dos valores aceitáveis para o devido uso na
use in these services. Thus samples of the material indústria cerâmica.
were subjected to dose of 25 kGy and evaluated by
Palavras-chave: Grês; Propriedades; Cerâmica;
infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform, and Mármore.
the surface roughness measurements by electron
microscopy and scanning. The results indicate
EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL
that the material exhibits degradation with 25 OF INCORPORATION OF WASTE
kGy dose and increased roughness IN MARBLE THE PRODUCTION OF
Keywords: Gamma radiation; infrared and PORCELAIN STONEWARE
Polymer.
The main objective of this study was to incorporate
the residue of marble in the development of
24518 formulations for obtaining ceramic bodies of
AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE porcelain stoneware tiles. Four formulations of
INCORPORAÇÃO DO RESÍDUO DE the ceramic mass were prepared by varying the
MÁRMORE NA PRODUÇÃO DE GRÊS proportions of kaolin, talcum, felspar, clay and
PORCELANATO firing in a clear marble of the residue in mixtures.
Elione Moura Carlos – UFRN These raw materials were sieved to 200 mesh mesh
Raimison Bezerra de Assis – UFRN and percentages for each formulation was mixed
Renata Ferreira de Sousa – UFRN in a ball mill for 30 minutes. The specimens were
Tatiane Potiguara Oliveira – UFRN
José Ubiragi de Lima Mendes – UFRN prepared in a uniaxial press with a pressure of
25 MPa and sintered in a conventional oven at
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi temperatures of 800°C, 900°C and 1,000°C, with
incorporar o resíduo de mármore no a threshold of 60 minutes and a heating rate of
desenvolvimento de formulações de massas 10°C per minute, checking the properties of parts.
cerâmicas para obtenção de grês porcelanato. To obtain test results of water absorption, linear
Foram preparadas quatro formulações da shrinkage were performed on sintered parts,
massa cerâmica variando-se as proporções apparent specific gravity and porosity, in order to
de caulim, talco, feldspato, argila de queima evaluate the variation of shrinkage temperature
clara e do resíduo de mármore nas misturas. determined according to the percentage of water
Essas matérias-primas foram peneiradas absorption. (SEM) – the bending tests and
na malha 200 mesh e as porcentagens para scanning electron microscopy were also performed
cada formulação foi misturada em moinho . The compositions studied showed satisfactory
de bolas por 30 min. Os corpos de prova results within acceptable values for proper use in
foram preparados em uma prensa uniaxial the ceramics industry.
com pressão de 25 MPa e sinterizados em
Keywords: Stoneware; Properties; Ceramics;
forno convencional nas temperaturas de
Marble.
800°C, 900°C e 1.000°C, com patamar de 60
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
fracture of the specimens with and without contact em atrito com o aço inox girando a 800 rpm.
with the oil region. O êxito do selo ficou evidente, pois após a
Keywords: Composite materials; Sisal; montagem em barcos, durante um ano tem
Petroleum; Mechanical properties. realizado com sucesso a sua função.
Palavras-chave: Formulação de borrachas; Selo
mecânico de vedação; Eixo de hélice de barco;
Ebonite.
encountered ceramic models, which are expensive um aumento das perdas em núcleos de FeSi
and manufactured abroad, and the Teflon lined destes transformadores, principalmente pelo
rubber ones, which present adhesion problems aumento das correntes parasitas no núcleo.
at the joint between these materials, resulting Transformadores elétricos com núcleos de
in leaks. The elastomeric compound should ligas amorfas a base de Fe vêm apresentando
have hardness about 90 Shore D, low coefficient redução de até 70% das perdas no núcleo
of friction, heat, abrasion, sea water, weather quando operados em 50Hz ou 60Hz. Assim,
and UV resistance and be self-lubricating. The esse estudo visa discutir as vantagens e
formulation providing the best results consisted desvantagens do uso de transformadores
of natural, nitrile, carboxylated nitrile, and fluoro elétricos com núcleos de ligas amorfas a base
(Viton®) rubbers, containing high sulfur levels de Fe em aeronaves. Os resultados mostram
(37.5 phr), reinforcing fillers, plasticizers and que, com o desenvolvimento de novas ligas,
solid lubricants, among other additives. Rubber tal utilização mostra-se viável devido a uma
compounding and mixing were accomplished in an redução de peso de tais transformadores.
internal Banbury mixer and two-roll mill, whereas
Palavras-chave: Transformador; Liga amorfa;
shaping and vulcanization of specimens and seals Aeronave
were carried out by hot pressing. The following
analyses have been performed: rheometric curve,
Using amorphous alloys
morphology by scanning electron microscopy, in cores of onboard power
tensile and tear strength, hardness and abrasion electrical transformers of
in a lathe simulating the seal pressure during aircrafts
friction against the stainless steel shaft rotating
at 800 rpm. The success of the seal was evident The increasing demanding for electrical energy
because after mounting in boats it has successfully onboard of modern aircrafts can be noticed by the
performed its function for over a year. increase of the electrical power generation, as for
Keywords: Rubber compounding; Seal; Boat example: Boeing 787 generates 1000kVA while
propeller shaft; Ebonite. Airbus A330 generates 240kVA, although they
have almost the same size. 400Hz alternate current
is used for mass reduction in transformers and
Metalurgia Física e Comportamento de generators onboard, but this higher frequency also
Materiais em Temperaturas Elevadas / increases the FeSi core transformer losses, mainly
Physical Metallurgy and Material by the core eddy currents. Core transformers of
Behavior at High Temperatures amorphous alloys have been proved to reduce
the loss in almost 70% when operating at 50Hz
25032 or 60Hz. Thus, this study aims to discuss the
Uso de transformador com advantages and disadvantages of using cores of
núcleo de liga amorfa em Fe-based amorphous alloys in onboard electric
aeronaves transformers. The results show that with the
Wagner Angelo da Silva – UFSCar
development of new alloys, such use appears to
POSTERS - ABM | July 23rd
was measured by a Hall effect sensor. The results as microestruturas foi escolhida a similar
were correlated with the ones of scanning electron à de um tubo comercial API 5L X70 para
microscopy (SEM), hardness and X-ray diffraction preparação de corpos de prova para ensaios
(XRD). The results showed that the Hall voltage de tração. Resultados preliminares mostram
measurements were able to follow the formation of a possibilidade de obter aços com qualidade
σ phase. The formation of this non-magnetic phase API através do forjamento.
influenced the signal obtained by the Hall sensor,
reducing the voltage. There was a correlation Palavras-chave: Aço microligado; Aço forjado;
Microestrutura.
between magnetic flux density and the phase
embrittlement, pointing to a methodology able to
follow the formation of this phase.
Keywords: Sigma phase; Nondestructive test;
Magnetic flux density.
C258 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
REDUÇÃO DE ÓXIDO DE COBRE SOB at the temperature of 300°C, for 60 minutes with
PLASMA DE HIDROGÊNIO variable pressure values: 267, 534, 800 and 1068
Lívia Maria Sant’Ana do Prado – IFES Pa. The reduction efficiency was determined by
Simão Vervloet Ramos – IFES mass balance and it was performed the following
Estéfano Aparecido Vieira – IFES analysis of the reduction products: x-ray
Adonias Ribeiro Franco Junior – IFES diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope
Neste trabalho foi avaliado um método and EDS. According to the results the pressure
alternativo de redução dos óxidos de cobre, condition at which was obtained the highest
a técnica de redução assistida por plasma reduction percentage was 800 Pa. Possibly due to
de hidrogênio em reator de plasma pulsado the formation of a dense and homogeneous cathodic
de corrente continua (cc). O plasma de sheath enveloping the oxide surface.
hidrogênio apresenta como possibilidade a Keywords: Reduction; Copper oxide; Hydrogen
produção de espécies de alto poder redutor, plasma; Pressure.
derivadas da molécula de H2 [1], além de
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C261
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
LNLS. On face milling the roll-in strategy showed compared to other aluminum alloys. This
a significant reduction in flank wear and a small behavior is associated with the heat treatment
reduction in residual stress if compared with the of Solubilization and aging, and the artificial
straight entry strategy. Pocket milling straight aging curves are different for evaluation of
plunge strategy showed an unexpected increase in tensile strength, yield strength, elongation
flank wear and a significant reduction of residual etc. In this work the effects of curing coating
stress when compared with the ramp strategy. Politetraflueretileno held at 230°C, the mechanical
All superficial residual stresses found in the properties and hardness, these alloys after
experiments were compressive. It is concluded that preliminary condition of solubilization and aging
the roll-in strategy provides insert consumption will be presented. Polytetrafluoroethylene gives
reduction, and straight plunge strategy showed no
low friction and distinctive finish, and compared
its effect with anodizing processes.
Keywords: Aluminum; Polytetrafluoroethylene;
Mechanical resistance.
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C263
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Five non-commercial compositions of ultra high como esperado, e foi realizado comparativo
strength maraging steels were studied within entre as duas técnicas de determinação
a project aimed at obtaining materials with da fração de ferrita com simulações de
yield strength around 3 GPa. Altogether five equilíbrio em Thermo-Calc®. O intercepto
heats were studied with varying amounts of médio das amostras solubilizadas a 1.000°C
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C265
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
ferrite, evaluating the behavior of phase extraction is established from a thermodynamic viewpoint.
of each sample by its weight loss as a function of Theoretical results are in agreement with the
immersion time. Corrosion products obtained experimental trends from literature.
after selective corrosion were analyzed by XRD Keywords: SOFC; Ceria; Sulfur poisoning;
and EDS techniques, where it was found the Methane.
phenomenon of selective corrosion of ferrite.
Solution-treated samples had their ferrite phase
quantified by techniques of XRD, quantitative Gestão de Meio Ambiente e Recuperação
stereology and ferritoscope, and was verified that e Tratamento de Rejeitos / Environmental
all samples presented different results, being the Management and Waste Recovery and
values closest to the equilibrium calculations by Treatment
Thermo-Calc the ones obtained by quantitative
stereology. 24866
Keywords: Duplex stainless steel; Selective UTILIZAÇÃO DE MISTURA DE AREIAS
corrosion; Phase characterization. USADAS FENÓLICA E A VERDE
DE FUNDIÇÃO NA FABRICAÇÃO
DE BLOCOS DE CONCRETO PARA
25074 PAVIMENTAÇÃO
Solid oxide fuel cell (sofc) with Leandro Moosher – Unisinos
Cu-ceria anode running on Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes – Unisinos
methane or biogas mixtures: Marlova Piva Kulakowski – Unisinos
thermodynamic analysis
A crescente geração e disposição de resíduos
Aline Lima da Silva – UFRGS
sólidos tornou-se preocupante, para tanto
Nestor Cezar Heck – UFRGS
busca-se um fim adequado aos mesmos.
The present work is focused on the thermodynamic Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a viabilidade
study of the methane or biogas mixtures conversion técnica, ambiental e financeira do uso das
on Cu-ceria catalysts. Several experimental studies areias fenólica e verde usadas de fundição
reported in literature have demonstrated the ability como co-produto em substituição parcial
of these materials to operate as SOFC anodes for ao agregado miúdo areia natural de rio
direct methane oxidation, with the evidence of na fabricação de blocos de concreto para
enhanced tolerance towards sulfur poisoning and pavimentação. Produziu-se 3 traços com
carbon deposition. More recently, experimental 25% e 50% de substituição da areia natural
investigations have shown the feasibility of Cu- por uma composição de areia de fundição
ceria anodes to directly operate with simulated com os mesmos equipamentos e parâmetros
biogas feeds at intermediate temperature (1023K). comerciais e obteve-se resultados satisfatórios,
In this way, the effect of the ceria redox properties como a resistência à compressão através do
on the equilibrium composition is investigated, traço rico em consumo de cimento e com
considering methane or biogas mixtures as the 25% de substituição da areia natural pelo
fuel. Conditions under which carbon deposition co-produto atingindo 37,2 MPa, cerca de
and sulfur poisoning can be prevented are 6% acima do mínimo requerido pela NBR
determined. Our study combines results from 9780. Já na avaliação ambiental esses blocos
the classical thermodynamics, obtained with the foram classificados como Resíduo Classe
help of FactSage software, with the new Cu-S and II-A Não Inerte e a análise de viabilidade
Ni-S diagrams proposed in literature, which were financeira mostrou custo 1% menor que o
calculated based on the Density Functional Theory bloco convencional.
(DFT). These diagrams are able to predict a region
Palavras-chave: Fundição; Resíduo sólido;
where sulfur interacts with the metal surface Reciclagem; Blocos de concreto.
through chemisorption. A comparison between the
POSTERS - ABM | July 24th
de obsolescência programada. Como use conditions has reached warning numbers, yet
consequência deste comportamento becoming a serious environmental issue. Along
mercadológico e novos parâmetros with the National Solid Waste Policy, studies on
de consumo, o volume de resíduos de the reverse logistics of waste electric electronic
equipamentos eletroeletrônicos gerado equipment have shown promise due to the presence
pelo descarte indiscriminado de produtos of metals with high economic value that enables
ainda em condições de uso tem atingido processes for recycling these wastes. Regarding
patamares alarmantes, tornando-se assim um the recovery of these metals and reagents, routes
grave problema ambiental. Com a Política involving hydrometallurgical steps offer benefits
Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, estudos sobre over the existing solutions due to the non-release
a logística reversa dos resíduos provenientes of toxic gases during the process. However, the
de equipamentos eletroeletrônicos revelam- recovery of copper and noble metals through
se promissores devido à presença de traditional hydrometallurgical route has been
metais com alto valor de mercado, o que shown impaired due to the presence of iron in
viabiliza economicamente os processos de the waste. For this reason, this work conducted
reciclagem destes resíduos. Quando se trata kinetic study of the leaching of iron selectively for
da recuperação de metais e de reagentes, as the recovery of other metals. Studies of leaching
rotas envolvendo etapas hidrometalúrgicas in sulfuric acid at the concentration of 2M,
oferecem um grande benefício em relação às controlling time and temperature, were conducted
soluções existentes devido à não liberação in order to evaluate the selective extraction of
de gases tóxicos durante o processo. No iron, thus enabling subsequent recovery processes
entanto, para a recuperação de cobre e alguns for copper and noble metals through extraction
metais nobres as rotas hidrometalúrgicas solid-liquid or liquid-liquid. The results point
tradicionais têm-se mostrado ineficientes iron extraction in acid solution with purity levels
devido à presença de ferro nos resíduos. Por higher than 95%.
esta razão, este trabalho tem como objetivo Keywords: Leaching; Hydrometallurgy; Waste;
realizar estudo cinético da lixiviação de ferro Recycling.
de forma seletiva para a recuperação de
outros metais. Foi analisado o processo de
lixiviação em ácido sulfúrico na concentração 24522
de 2M, variando tempo e temperatura, com o CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS METAIS
intuito de avaliar a extração seletiva do ferro e PRESENTES NA FRAÇÃO NÃO
viabilizando assim os processos subsequentes MAGNÉTICA DAS PLACAS
de recuperação de cobre e metais nobres DE CIRCUITO IMPRESSO DE
através de extração sólido-líquido ou líquido- COMPUTADORES
líquido. Os resultados apontam para extrações Luíza Freire Arold – USP
de ferro em solução de ácido com índices de Monica Maria Correa Jiménez – USP
pureza acima de 95%. Viviane Tavares de Moraes – USP
Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório – USP
Palavras-chave: Lixiviação; Hidrometalurgia; Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa – USP
Resíduos; Reciclagem.
Placas de Circuito Interno (PCI’s) são
partes fundamentais de um computador,
KINETIC STUDY OF CHEMICAL
uma vez que são responsáveis pelo bom
LEACH OF IRON FROM FROM WASTE
electronics funcionamento deste. Porém, seu descartadas
em áreas clandestinas, podem causar danos
Since the end of the decade of 90’s, the ao meio ambiente e a saúde pública, pois
development of new industrial parameters for estas placas podem ter na sua composição
the manufacturing of electro and electronic devices elementos tóxicos que as tornam perigosas. O
POSTERS - ABM | July 24th
created the concept of programmed obsolescence. presente estudo visa qualificar e quantificar os
As a consequence of this marketing behavior and metais presentes na fração não magnética das
new consumption parameters, the volume of PCI’s, a fim de que subsequentes processos de
waste electro electronic equipment generated by recuperação de metais possam ser aplicados.
the indiscriminate disposal of products still in Para que as análises pudessem ser feitas, as
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C269
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
PCIs foram submetidas a etapas de moagem, with aqua regia was taken for chemical analysis
quarteamento, separação magnética e digestão by inductively coupled plasma optical emission
em água régia. As placas foram moídas em spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed
um moinho de martelos, utilizando grelhas that the circuit boards of computers contains in
de 2 mm. O resíduo cominuído seguiu para its non-magnetic fraction approximately 60% of
a etapa de separação magnética, obtendo-se the metals of the video boards.
duas frações, uma fração magnética e uma Keywords: Characterization; Printed circuit
fração não magnética. Em seguida, a fração boards; Non magnetic fraction.
não magnética foi quarteada em amostras
de 20 ± 5 g. Para realizar ensaio de digestão
em água régia, foi escolhida aleatoriamente 24687
uma amostra. A digestão foi realizada CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PLACA DE
durante 24 h a temperatura ambiente usando- CIRCUITO IMPRESSO PROVENIENTE
se uma proporção sólido: líquido de 20:1. DE COMPUTADORES OBSOLETOS
O licor obtido nos ensaio de digestão em VISANDO PROCESSAMENTO
água régia foi levado para análise química BIOHIDROMETALÚRGICO
por espectrometria de emissão óptica por Carlos Gonzalo Alvarez Rosario – USP
indução de plasma (ICP-OES). Os resultados Gabriella Morelli Vezzá – USP
mostraram que as placas de circuito impresso Flávia Paulucci Cianga Silvas – USP
Viviane Tavares de Moraes – USP
de computadores contêm na sua fração não Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa – USP
magnética aproximadamente 60% dos metais Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório – USP
da placa de vídeo.
A reciclagem de resíduos eletroeletrônicos
Palavras-chave: Caracterização; Placas de (REEs) é importante tanto no aspecto
circuito interno; Fração não magnética.
ambiental quanto econômico, uma vez que
através do reaproveitamento do REE há
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE METALS diminuição da quantidade de resíduos a
PRESENT IN THE NON MAGNETIC ser destinados, além disso, contribui para a
FRACTION OF COMPUTERS PRINTED
sustentabilidade do setor minero metalúrgico,
CIRCUIT BOARD
pois é possível a recuperação dos metais
Printed Circuit Boards (PCB’s) are fundamental provenientes de REEs. Presentes na maioria
parts of a computer, because they are responsible dos equipamentos eletroeletrônicos, as Placas
for its good running. Although, its disposal de Circuito Impresso (PCIs) são compostas por
in clandestine areas, may cause damage to the materiais cerâmicos, metálicos e poliméricos.
environment and public health because these Além disso, a heterogeneidade do material
boards can be constituted by toxic elements that influi diretamente no tipo de processamento/
make them hazardous. The present study aims tratamento a ser utilizado, desta forma a
to qualify and quantify the metals present in the caracterização prévia do resíduo é uma etapa
non-magnetic fraction of the PCBs, in order that fundamental para determinação da rota de
following metal recovery processes can be applied. processamento a ser utilizada. Assim, no
For the analyzes, the PCBs were subjected to steps presente estudo é apresentado o processo
of grinding, quartering, magnetic separation de caracterização de PCIs proveniente de
and digestion in aqua regia. The boards were computadores obsoletos objetivando a
ground in a hammer mill using 2 mm grid. The determinação e quantificação dos metais
residue comminuted followed for the step of presentes, de forma a estudar a influência
magnetic separation, yielding two fractions, a dos mesmos em processos de biolixiviação
magnetic fraction and a non-magnetic fraction. futuros. A rota de processamento físico incluiu
Then, the non-magnetic fraction was divided inicialmente processo manual utilizando
POSTERS - ABM | July 24th
some issues relevant to their use as its durability, por simulações relativas a situações reais,
and grip the reaction matrix. Studies may help além de ensaios de resistência à tração e
in the evaluation of engineering properties of alongamento. As redes foram subdivididas
these materials, improving your application that de acordo com a densidade de trançado. Os
are feasible and satisfactory. This paper aims ensaios nas redes foram realizados, sobre
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C275
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
matrix of polyester type was used. The fibers were a presença de um pico característico de β-TCP.
manually cut length of 15.0 mm. The fabrication
of the specimens was produced by manual and
molding and tested in accordance with ASTM
C280 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
A pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de
Studies have proven the affinity and efficiency of Materiais nanoestruturados vêm crescendo
biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) in medical and significativamente nos últimos anos.
dental applications, as well as adsorbent for CO2 Estes materiais apresentam propriedades
gas, due to its characteristic of porous material significativamente modificadas em
element. BCP is composed of a combination comparação às dos materiais convencionais,
of hydroxyapatite (HA), and beta tricalcium devido às dimensões extremamente
phosphate (β -TCP) in the usual ratio of 2/3 of HA reduzidas dos cristalitos. O carbeto de
and 1/ 3 of β-TCP. This is the mixing of the soluble Tântalo (TaC) é um material extremamente
phases β-TCP, and stable HA of bioceramics. BCP duro, apresentando elevada dureza, elevado
is obtained by heat treatment (crystallization) of ponto de fusão, elevada estabilidade química,
the ACP (amorphous calcium phosphate) in the boa resistência ao ataque químico e choque
muffle furnace at temperatures, ranging from térmico e excelente resistência à oxidação e
600-1300°C for about 24 hours – calcination. corrosão. Desta forma este trabalho teve como
Characterization and comparison samples and objetivo a obtenção de TaC nanoestruturado a
calcined amorphous samples based on the use of partir do precursor tris(oxalato)oxitantalato
XRD, SEM, XRF, laser diffraction (Cilas) and de amônio hidratado, através de reação
analysis of surface area (BET) apparatus. Then the gás-sólido a baixa temperatura (1.000°C)
grading stage, BCP and ACP are sieved into two e curto tempo de reação. Os materiais
grain bands: less than 38μm and 53μm – 38μm obtidos foram caracterizados através de
across. Analyses by electron microscopy show difração de Raios-X (DRX), Refinamento
that the ACP has similar to hydroxyapatite (HA) Rietveld, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura
structure, but as its crystals are very small, this (MEV), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho
phase appears as amorphous. The XRD analyzes (espectroscopia IV), Termogravimétrica (TG).
indicated the absence of crystalline impurity Através das analises de DRX e do refinamento
distinguishable particles BCP in the presence Reitiveld para o TaC com S = 1,1584 observou-
of a characteristic peak β-TCP. It is known that se a formação do carbeto de tântalo puro
the production of BCP demands higher energy com estrutura cúbica e tamanho médio de
consumption compared to PCA due to thermal cristalitos na ordem de 12,5 nanômetros.
treatment (calcination).
Palavras-chave: Carbeto tântalo
Keywords: Synthesis; Characterization; ACP; nanoestruturado; Precursores oxálicos; Reação
BCP. gás sólido.
small dimensions of the crystallites. The tantalum revelaram a formação de intermetálicos que
carbide (TaC) is an extremely hard material that influenciam de forma positiva e significativa
has high hardness, high melting point, high no comportamento mecânico dos compósitos.
chemical stability, good resistance to chemical
Palavras-chave: Moagem; Nióbio; Carbeto de
attack and thermal shock and excellent resistance boro.
to oxidation and corrosion.Therefore, this study
aimed to obtain TaC nanostructured from the
submicrometric PARTicle (xNb-
precursor of tris (oxalate) hydrate ammonium xB4C) dispersed by high energy
oxitantalato, through gas-solid reaction at low ball milling in Ma2024 matrix
temperature (1,000°C) and short reaction time.
The materials obtained were characterized by The alloy MA2024 recognized by applications
X-ray diffraction (XRD), Rietveld refinement, in aircraft and automobile components, was
Scanning (IR), thermogravimetric (TG). Through obtained by milling in attritor. In order to obtain
the XRD analyses and the Reitiveld refinement improvements in mechanical properties, additions
of the TaC with S = 1.1584, we observed the of 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20% reinforcement particle
formation of pure tantalum carbide and cubic with size less than 45 μm was performed by
structure with average crystallite size on the order eccentric high energy ball mill, with load ratio
of 12.5 nanometers. balls 3:1 and 15 minutes milling at 250 rpm.
Keywords: nanostructured tantalum carbide; The consolidation of the cylindrical specimens
oxalic precursors; gas-solid reaction. was formed by near net shape at closed die at
tube furnace (490oC). The microstructure was
evaluated by optical and electron microscopy,
24349 while the mechanical strength was evaluated by
DISPERSÃO DE PARTÍCULAS microhardness testing. The microscopic results
SUBMICROMÉTRICAS (xNb-xB4C) showed the formation of intermetallic influencing
POR MOAGEM DE ALTA ENERGIA EM positively and significantly on the mechanical
MATRIZ AA2024
behavior of the composites.
Éverton Rafael Breitenbach – Universidade do Estado
de Santa Catarina Keywords: High Energy Ball Milling; Niobium;
Flávia Costa da Silva – Universidade do Estado de Boron carbide.
Santa Catarina
César Edil da Costa – Universidade do Estado de
Santa Catarina 24467
Júlio César Giubilei Milan – Universidade do Estado AVALIAÇÃO DO CARBETO DE NIÓBIO
de Santa Catarina E COBRE ATRAVÉS DE DIFRAÇÃO DE
RAIOS-X E REFINAMENTO RIETVELD
A liga MA2024, reconhecida pelas
aplicações em componentes aeronáuticos e Maria Veronilda Macedo Souto - Universidade Federal
automobilísticos, foi obtida por moagem em do Rio Grande do Norte
Maria José Santos Lima - Universidade Federal do Rio
moinho atritor. Com o objetivo de melhorar
Grande do Norte
as propriedades mecânicas, adições de 2,5%; Uilame Umbelino Gomes - Universidade Federal do Rio
5%; 10% e 20% de reforço com tamanho Grande do Norte
de partícula inicial menor que 45 μm foi Carlson Pereira de Souza - Universidade Federal do Rio
realizada em moinho planetário, com Grande do Norte
relação de carga:bolas de 3:1 e 15 minutos Este trabalho teve como objetivo a síntese
de moagem a 250 RPM. A consolidação dos do carbeto de nióbio e cobre Cu-NbC
corpos de prova cilíndricos foi realizada pela nanoestruturados e análise por DRX e
técnica de forjamento de precisão, em matriz refinamento Rietveld. A síntese foi realizada
fechada em forno tubular na temperatura através de reação heterogênea a baixa
de 490oC. A microestrutura foi avaliada por
POSTERS - ABM | July 24th
This work aimed at the synthesis of nanostructured In this study we use the powder metallurgy
niobium and copper carbide Cu-NbC and process for the preparation of aluminum composite
XRD analysis and Rietveld refinement. The reinforced with TiO2 nanoparticles. The composite
synthesis was performed by heterogeneous is obtained by high energy milling to obtain the
reaction at low temperature (1,000°C) and short AA2014 alloy as matrix. The powder consolidation
reaction time (2 hours). The niobium carbide was followed the order: mixing of the powders, uniaxial
produced with 5% copper. The material obtained compaction, hot extrusion and heat treatment. The
was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) material produced was studied microstructurally
and Rietveld refinement. From the XRD and by MO and characterized as hardness.
refinement Rietveld, we observed the formation Keywords: Composite; TiO2; Heat treatment.
of pure niobium and copper carbide with cubic
structure and crystallite size of 34.97 nm for
Cu-NbC, concluding that the compound is 24617
nanometric. EFEITO DA MOAGEM DE ALTA
ENERGIA NA DENSIFICAÇÃO E
Keywords: Niobium carbide; Copper;
MICROESTRUTURA DO COMPÓSITO
Heterogeneous reaction; Powder metalogy.
Al2O3-5%Cu CERÂMICO DE MATRIZ
METÁLICA
24546 Tatiane Potiguara Oliveira – UFRN
Avaliação de dureza por Franciné Alves da Costa – UFRN
tratamentos térmicos do Uílame Umbelino Gomes – UFRN
compósito AA2014-5%TiO2 Elione Moura Carlos – UFRN
Raimison Bezerra de Assis – UFRN
produzido por Metalurgia do
Jean Carlos Dantas – UFRN
pó
Kamila Kazmierczak – Universidade do Estado de O compósito metal-cerâmico Al2O3 – Cu
Santa Catarina alia as propriedades de baixa densidade,
Cesar Edil da Costa – Universidade do Estado de alta resistência ao desgaste, dureza e
Santa Catarina biocompatibilidade da fase cerâmica alumina
Cristiano da Silva – Universidade do Estado de Santa a excelente condutividade elétrica, e alta
Catarina
Jonas Fernandes Cherritte – Universidade do Estado
tenacidade do cobre metálico. Tal compósito
de Santa Catarina pode ser aplicado como ferramenta de corte,
entre outras. Este trabalho discute a influência
Neste estudo utiliza-se o processo de da moagem de alta energia na microestrutura
metalurgia do pó para a elaboração de e densificação do compósito Al2O3–Cu. Pós
compósitos a base de alumínio reforçados de Al2O3 e Cu na razão de 5% em massa
com nanopartículas de TiO2. O compósito
POSTERS - ABM | July 24th
(hardness) of the alloy Fe 70% – 30% Ni, EUROFER com adição de 3% de carbeto de
used in electronics and structural materials tântalo (TaC). A moagem de alta energia foi
of automotive engine parts, being produced realizada durante 5 horas. Em seguida, os
by powder metallurgy (PM). The Fe-Ni alloys dois pós produzidos foram sinterizados em
were mixed at low and high energy, 25 and 200 um forno a vácuo (10-4torr) a temperatura
rpm, respectively, for 2 and 4 hours, uniaxially de 1.250°C durante 60 minutos. O produto
cold compacted with compaction pressure of final foi caracterizado por microscopia óptica,
8 tons and sintered at 1,100°C. Simulations microscopia eletrônica de varredura (EDS) e
to predict the phases present were performed ensaio de microdureza. Os estudos iniciais
using thermodynamic simulation by the software dos sinterizados obteve uma resposta positiva
Thermo-Calc, which showed the possible existence nas propriedades mecânicas independente do
of CCC and CFC phases. The microstructure processamento. Com valores de microdureza
was evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy maior que 100% do valor de 333,2 HV obtidos
(SEM), enabling visualization of the amount para o aço puro como recebido(barra).
and size of pores, as well as shape and size of the
Palavras-chave: EUROFER 97; TaC; Metalurgia
grains. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) do pó; CMM.
for chemical mapping punctual and chemical
analyzes was used.
BEHAVIOR OF THE ADDITION OF
Keywords: Fe-Ni alloys; Powder metallurgy; TANTALUM CARBIDE – TaC MATRIX
Characterization. IN METALLIC STEEL EUROFER 97
Para isto a metalurgia do pó foi a rota 100 % of the value of 333.2 HV obtained for the
empregada para a produção deste compósito pure steel as received (bar) microhardness.
de matriz metálica (CMM). Duas moagens
distintas foram realizadas. A primeira com Keywords: EUROFER97; TaC; Powder
metallurgy; MMC.
o aço EUROFER e a segunda com o aço
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 C285
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
parameters, performing functions of monitoring, present between the plates. These films contain a
controlling and recording data of thermal higher concentration of carbon compared to blocks
treatment processing. This system can be used of retained austenite. The consequence is that
in industrial furnaces or in research labs. these become more mechanically and thermally
Keywords: Heat treatment; Process control;
stable. Thus, the evaluation of the mechanical
System SCADA. performance of a treated steel isothermally below
Ms and tempered at 400°C/1 h was performed.
The results of the impact tests showed that the
24342 higher the volume fraction of retained austenite
AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO the greater is absorbed energy, independent of the
MECÂNICO DE UM AÇO morphology of this constituent.
MULTICONSTITUÍDO E REVENIDO
COM ALTO TEOR DE Si Keywords: Martensite; Bainite; Retained
austenite; Tempering.
José Alberto da Cruz Junior – UFMG
Renata Loures Lucind – UFMG
Isabela Viegas Aguiar – UFMG 24365
Dagoberto Brandão Santos – UFMG
ESTUDO DA EVOLUÇÃO
Aços multiconstituídos têm aplicações MICROESTRUTURAL DE LIGAS
voltadas principalmente para o setor DE ALUMÍNIO SUBMETIDAS A
automobilístico. Isso porque esses apresentam TRATAMENTOS TÉRMICOS DE
SOLUBILIZAÇÃO COM TEMPOS
uma boa combinação de elevada resistência,
DISTINTOS DE ENCHARQUE
ductilidade e tenacidade. A elevada resistência
desses aços é devida a martensita e aos finos Saulo Brinco Diniz – IME
feixes de ferrita bainítica, enquanto que a Valmir Martins Monteiro – Gerdau
Luis Celso da Silva – UFF
tenacidade e a ductilidade são atribuídas aos Andersan dos Santos Paula – UFF
filmes finos de austenita retida presentes entre Bruna Godoi Meirelles – Votorantim Metais
os feixes. Esses filmes contém uma maior
concentração de carbono em relação aos blocos O presente trabalho estuda as características
de austenita retida. Uma consequência é que microestruturais e mecânicas de 3
estes se tornam mais estáveis mecanicamente ligas de alumínio (1100, 3104 e 8011) na
e termicamente. Dessa forma, foi realizada a condição laminada a quente e submetidas
avaliação do desempenho mecânico de um a um tratamento térmico de solubilização
aço tratado isotermicamente abaixo de Mi em diferentes tempos de encharque (1, 2
e revenidos a 400°C/1 h. Os resultados dos e 3 horas). As ligas em estudo apresentam
ensaios de impacto mostraram que quanto um percentual de soluto ligeiramente acima
maior a fração volumétrica da austenita retida do limite máximo de solubilidade nas
maior é a energia absorvida, independente da mesmas. Assim os tratamentos térmicos
morfologia desse constituinte. de solubilização permitiriam controlar
a dimensão, dispersão e natureza dos
Palavras-chave: Martensita; Bainita; Austenita precipitados presentes modificando a
retida; Revenimento.
condição laminada a quente, sem atingir a
completa dissolução dos mesmos. A avaliação
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL microestrutural/ composicional e mecânica
PERFORMACE OF THE MULTI-PHASE foi feita por Microscopia Eletrônica de
STEEL AND TEMPERED WITH HIGH
Varredura (MEV)/ Espectroscopia de Raios-X
CONTENT OF Si
de Dispersão de Energia (EDS), Difração
Multi-phase steels have applications primarily de Raios-X (DRX) e ensaios de dureza. De
focused on the automobile industry. This is because acordo com os resultados apresentados para
POSTERS - ABM | July 24th
these have a good combination of high strength, as ligas 1100 e 8011 o tempo para ocorrer à
ductility and toughness. The high strength of
these steels is due to martensite and thin plates of
bainitic ferrite, while the toughness and ductility
are attributed to thin films of retained austenite
C288 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
solubilização está entre 1 e 2 horas enquanto indústrias têxteis e químicas. Será realizado
que para a liga 3104 está entre os tempos de tratamento termoquímico de cementação a
2 e 3 horas. plasma com temperatura fixa, variação de
Palavras-chave: Ligas de alumínio; Precipitados;
tempo e mistura gasosa (CH4).
Tratamento térmico de solubilização. Palavras-chave: Cementação a plasma; Aço
inoxidável AISI 304; Desgaste microabrasivo.
STUDY OF MICROSTRUCTURAL
EVOLUTION OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS CARURIZING AISI 304 STAINLESS
SUBJECTED TO SOLUBILIZATION STEEL WITH USE OF THE COLD
HEAT TREATMENTS WITH DISTINCT PLASMA
HOLDING
The use of plasma assisted thermochemical
This work studies the microstructural treatments has shown steady growth in recent
characteristics and mechanical properties of three years due to the excellent results obtained in the
aluminium alloys (1100, 3104 e 8011) in hot modification of surfaces in engineering materials.
rolled condition and subjected to subsequent heat In this study, AISI 304 stainless steel which has
treatment of solubilisation. The alloys under study good corrosion resistance characteristics and wide
have a solute fraction slightly larger than the application in textiles and chemical will be used.
maximum solubility limit. So, the solution heat Will be held thermochemical treatment of the
treatments allow the control of the size, nature and plasma with fixed carburizing temperature and
dispersion of the precipitates, modifying the hot time variation and gas mixture (CH4).
rolling condition, without complete dissolution
Keywords: Plasma carburizing; Stainless steel
of these precipitates. The microstructural/
AISI 304; Microabrasive wear.
compositional and mechanical analyses were
performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy
(SEM)/ Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy 24429
(EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and hardness ESTUDO DE PRECIPITAÇÃO DE FASE
tests. According to the results for the alloys 1100 SIGMA EM UM AÇO INOXIDÁVEL
and 8011 the time for this solubilization to occur DUPLEX UNS S31803 (SAF 2205) PELO
between 1 and 2 hours while for the alloy 3104 is MÉTODO NÃO DESTRUTIVO DE
between 2 and 3 hours. RUÍDO MAGNÉTICO BARKHAUSEN
Keywords: Aluminum alloys; Precipitates; Paula Cristina Petriz Monteiro – UFF
Solution heat treatment. Marcos Flávio de Campos – UFF
Célio de Jesus Marcelo – UFF
Carlos Roberto Xavier – UNIFOA
24420 Manuel Alberteris Campos – UFF
Linilson Ribeiro Padovese – USP
CEMENTAÇÃO DO AÇO INOXIDÁVEL
AISI 304 COM USO DE PLASMA FRIO O Aço Inoxidável Duplex (AID) possui
Marcos Antonio Barcelos – IFES
duas fases com propriedades magnéticas
João Batista Ribeiro Martins – IFES distintas, ferrita e austenita. Quando
Mariana Valinhos Barcelos – IFES submetido a elevadas temperaturas, o
Renan Carreiro Rocha – IFES AID pode apresentar em sua estrutura a
Adonias Ribeiro Franco Junior – IFES fase intermetálica sigma que degrada suas
Estéfano Aparecido Vieira – IFES
propriedades e limitam a sua utilização. Este
O uso de tratamentos termoquímicos trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar a técnica
assistidos por plasma tem apresentado de Ruído Magnético Barkhausen (RMB), para
grande crescimento nos últimos anos em caracterizar amostras de AID SAF2205 com
consequência dos excelentes resultados precipitados de fase sigma. Foram realizadas
POSTERS - ABM | July 24th
se verificar que o ensaio de RMB é adequado aço rápido AISI M2, ligado ao tungstênio e
para avaliar teores elevados de fase sigma ao molibdênio. As análises foram conduzidas
neste aço. através de testes de dureza e microscopias
Palavras-chave: Aço Inoxidável Duplex; Fase
óptica e eletrônica de varredura, além de
sigma; Ruído Magnético Barkhausen. difração por raios-x, considerando três
temperaturas e três tempos de austenitização.
STUDY OF PRECIPITATION SIGMA Foi observado que, de maneira geral, os
PHASE IN A DUPLEX STAINLESS valores de dureza aumentaram com a elevação
STEEL UNS S31803 (SAF 2205) NON da temperatura de austenitização para os três
DESTRUCTIVE METHOD FOR diferentes tempos de encharque utilizados,
MAGNETIC NOISE Barkhausen de forma concomitante com a redução na
quantidade de carbonetos dispersos na matriz
The Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) has two phases martensítica.
with distinct magnetic properties, ferrite and Palavras-chave: Aço rápido; Tratamento térmico;
austenite. When subjected to high temperatures, Microestrutura; Dureza.
the DSS may have in its structure a sigma
intermetallic phase which degrades its properties Effect of Quenching PARAMETERS
and limit their use. This paper aims to use the in THE mIcrostructure aNd THE
technique Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN), hardness of aisi m2 high speed
to characterize samples with DSS SAF2205 steel
precipitated sigma phase. Metallographic analysis,
detection of ferrite content and ferritoscope by The high speed steels are known for their ability to
x-ray diffraction for validation of the results were retain high hardness values even when subjected
performed. One can check that the MBN test is to high temperatures, usually resulting from high
suitable for evaluating large amounts of sigma shear rates in the machining process. However,
phase in this steel. for the high speed steel having the aforementioned
Keywords: Duplex Stainless Steel; Sigma phase; properties, it is necessary the combination of
Magnetic Barkhausen Noise. adequate chemical composition and heat treatment
parameters. The aim of this work is to evaluate the
effects of austenitizing temperature and soaking
24626 time in quenching in the microstructure and
EFEITO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE TÊMPERA hardness of the AISI M2 high speed steel, whose
NA MICROESTRUTURA E NA DUREZA chemical composition envolves tungsten and
DO AÇO AISI M2 molybdenum. The analyzes were conducted by
Aline Silva Magalhães – CEFET-MG in terms of hardness and optical and scanning
Graziele Gianini Braga Maria – CEFET-MG electronic microscopy. Three austenitizing
Suzanny Cristina Soares Martins – CEFET-MG temperatures and three soaking times were
Tâmisa Eleutério Silva – CEFET-MG
considered. It was observed that, in general,
Wellington Lopes – CEFET-MG
Elaine Carballo Siqueira Corrêa – CEFET-MG hardness values increased with austenitizing
temperature, as well as the amount of carbides
Os aços rápidos são assim chamados por sua dispersed in the martensitic matrix diminished.
capacidade de reter elevadas durezas mesmo
Keywords: High speed steel Heat treatment;
quando submetidos a altas temperaturas, em
Microstructure; Hardness.
geral decorrentes de elevadas velocidades
de corte no processo de usinagem. No
entanto, para que esses aços apresentem as
propriedades mencionadas, faz-se necessária
a combinação adequada da composição
POSTERS - ABM | July 24th
Coordenadores / Coordinators
André Paulo Tschiptschin - EPUSP
Carlos Eduardo Pinedo - Heat Tech
PROGRAMA OFICIAL
1º Workshop de Tratamentos de Superfícies de Ligas Resistentes à Corrosão - ABM
8h20 8h40 Invited speaker- Ana Sofia Climaco Monteiro d’Oliveira – UFP
“Pack aluminization of Ni based aloys”
8h40 9h
11h 11h20 Propriedades mecânicas do aço inoxidável martensítico AISI 410 nitretado sob plasma
25090
11h40 12h Efeito da nitretação a plasma em baixa temperatura do aço UNS S31803 sobre as
propriedades tribológicas medidas em ensaio de esclerometria linear instrumentada
25802
14h 14h20 Efeito ou avaliação da adição de argônio à atmosfera de nitretação a plasma sobre a
resistência à corrosão do aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 316L
25803
14h20 14h40 Mapas de mecanismos de desgaste microabrasivo do aço inoxidável austenítico 316L: uma
análise comparativa entre superfícies nitretadas a plasma e não nitretadas.
24219
Palestrantes convidados
Palestra dos coordenadores
Apresentações orais
Wiv
11h 11h20 Corrosion resistance of plasma nitrided AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel: influence of the
pretreatment and treatment temperature
24785
11h20 11h40 Desenvolvimento de revestimentos de camada dupla de óxidos por pack cementation.
24796
12h20 12h40 Deposition of thin films of intermetallic FeAlCr alloy by sputtering for biomaterials
application.
24680
Palestrantes convidados
Palestra dos coordenadores
Apresentações orais
1º Workshop de Tratamentos de Superfícies de Ligas Resistentes à Corrosão | 21 a 23 de julho de 2014 W1
1th Workshop on Surface Treatments of Corrosion Resistant Alloys | July 21st to 23rd, 2014
the corrosion resistance and the core hardness. AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel was plasma
nitrided during 20 hours in a reactor at 400°C in a
Keywords: Plasma nitriding; Martensitic
mixture of 75% of nitrogen and 25% of hydrogen.
stainless steel; Expanded martensite; Hardening;
Corrosion.
The microstructure and the phases in the nitrided
layers were characterized by optical microscopy
and by X ray diffraction respectively. Nitrogen
11h content as a function of the depth was measured
using wavelength dispersive spectrometry WDS.
25090
Nanoindentation tests were carried out in order to
PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DO AÇO assess the hardness (H), the young modulus (E),
INOXIDÁVEL MARTENSÍTICO AISI 410
the H/E and H3/E2 ratios and the elastic recovery
NITRETADO SOB PLASMA
(We) of both nitrided and non-nitrided samples.
Luis Armando Espitia Sanjuán – USP The nitrided layer is composed by expanded
Luis Bernardo Varela Jiménez – USP
martensite and ε-Fe3N iron nitrides. The addition
Carlos Eduardo Pinedo – Heat Tech
André Paulo Tschiptschin – USP of nitrogen did not modify the elastic modulus.
The hardness of the expanded martensite was 3
Amostras de aço inoxidável AISI 410 foram times greater than that of the tempered martensite.
nitretadas sob plasma em atmosfera gasosa The elastic recovery for the expanded martensite
de 75% de nitrogênio e 25% de hidrogênio a and for the tempered martensite was 45% and
uma temperatura de 400°C durante 20 horas. 17% respectively.
A microestrutura das amostras nitretadas
Keywords: Martensitic stainless steel;
foi avaliada usando microscopia óptica e as
Mechanical properties; Plasma nitriding.
fases presentes identificadas com difração
de raios-X. Além disso, a variação do teor de
nitrogênio com a profundidade foi medida 11h20
usando espectrômetro por dispersão de
25089
comprimento de onda (WDS). A partir de
ensaios de nanoindentação instrumentada, RESISTÊNCIA À EROSÃO POR
avaliaram-se a dureza (H), o módulo de CAVITAÇÃO DO AÇO INOXIDÁVEL
MARTENSÍTICO AISI 410 NITRETADO
elasticidade (E), as razões H/E e H3/
SOB PLASMA
E2 e a recuperação elástica (We) tanto do
aço nitretado quantodo aço sem nitretar. Luis Armando Espitia Sanjuán – USP
Luis Bernardo Varela Jiménez – USP
A camada nitretada no aço inoxidável
Carlos Eduardo Pinedo – Heat Tech
martensítico é constituída por martensita André PauloTschiptschin – USP
expandida e nitretos de ferro ε-Fe3N. A
adição de nitrogênio não modificou o valor Amostras de aço inoxidável AISI 410 foram
do módulo de elasticidade. A dureza da nitretadas sob plasma usando a técnica
martensita expandida foi quase 3 vezes de tela ativa em atmosfera gasosa de 75%
maior quando comparada com a martensita de nitrogênio e 25% de hidrogênio a uma
revenida e a recuperação elástica We foi em temperatura de 400°C durante 20 horas.
média de 45% para a martensita expandida e A microestrutura das amostras nitretadas
de somente 15,7% para a martensita revenida foi avaliada a partir de microscopia ótica,
microscopia eletrônica de varredura e por
Palavras-chave: Aço inoxidável martensítico;
medições de microdureza. As fases presentes
Propriedades mecânicas; Nitretação sob plasma.
foram identificadas por difração de raios
X. Realizaram-se ensaios de erosão por
cavitação segundo a norma ASTM G32. A
camada nitretada tem uma espessura média
de ~28 μm e é composta por martensita
1º Workshop de Tratamentos de Superfícies de Ligas Resistentes à Corrosão | 21 a 23 de julho de 2014 W3
1th Workshop on Surface Treatments of Corrosion Resistant Alloys | July 21st to 23rd, 2014
cuja densidade aumenta com o aumento reaching a stable value ~0.16 at the third stage.
da profundidade de risco. Nesse estágio o The scratch test of the untreated specimens
coeficiente de atrito cresce linearmente com resulted in intense plastic deformation, no cracks
o tempo e profundidade de risco, o número were observed and the friction coefficient always
de microtrincas cresce e as microtrincas increased reaching a stable value at the end of
WORKSHOP| July 22nd
14h40 2:40pm
Influence of SHTPN
24770
Influência do tratamento Surface treatment on the
superficial de SHTPN no tribological behavior Of
WORKSHOP| July 22nd
Quarta-feira, 23 de julho de 2014 / was not and neither was the corrosion resistance.
Wednesday, 23rd July, 2014 The PI3 samples were the hardest with the best
performance in corrosion experiments, resulting in
a higher breakdown potential and lower currents.
WORKSHOP
Keywords: Plasma nitriding; Stainless steel;
Sala 9 / Room 9 Corrosion; Implantation.
10h
Manhã / Morning
Keynote speaker
8h
Xiao-Ying Li – UoB
Abertura The Stability of the S-phase Formed in
8h20 Austenitic Stainless Steel by Plasma Nitriding
WORKSHOP| July 23rd
and Carburizing
Keynote speaker
10h40
Clodomiro Alves – UFRN
Plasma Nitriding of Corrosion Resistant Alloys 24820
ANÁLISE DO PARÂMETRO DE REDE
9:00am E DA QUANTIDADE DE FASE S
PRODUZIDA POR NITRETAÇÃO A
25010
PLASMA DE PÓS DE AÇO INOXIDÁVEL
CORROSION RESISTANCE OF AISI AUSTENÍTICO AISI 316
316L STAINLESS STEEL NITRIDED BY
THREE DIFFERENT PLASMA ASSISTED Luciano Gianizeli Rodrigues – IFES
TECHNIQUES Lorena Bertranda – IFES
Adonias Ribeiro Franco Júnior – IFES
Darina Manova – IOM
Stephan Mändl – IOM Este trabalho estuda a obtenção da fase S
Sonia P. Brühl – UTN livre de precipitados, a partir da nitretação a
Lisandro Escalada – UNMDP plasma de pós de aço inoxidável austenítico
Silvia Simison – UNMDP 316, e analisa a variação do parâmetro de rede
Plasma assisted surface modification methods (aS) em função das diferentes condições de
have been used to nitride stainless steels in order tempo e temperatura de tratamento. Os pós
to enhance hardness and therefore the lifetime com granulometria entre 38 e 54 μm foram
of industrial components. Nevertheless, the nitretados em reator a plasma pulsado DC,
corrosion resistance is not always preserved sob atmosferas de 80%N2 e 20%H2, pressões de
since it is very sensitive to the process parameters, 400 Pa, por tempos de 1 a 9 h, e temperaturas
either in implantation or in thermochemical de 420, 450 e 470ºC. Os resultados mostram
diffusion techniques. AISI 316L stainless steel was que para a temperatura de 420ºC o parâmetro
plasma nitrided using three different techniques: de rede (a S) aumenta continuamente
Low Energy Ion Implantation (LEII), Plasma com o tempo de tratamento, atingindo a
Immersion Implantation (PI3) and conventional máxima expansão (8,5%). Com o aumento
DC pulsed plasma nitriding (DCPN). For each da temperatura e do tempo de tratamento,
method several parameters were tested and some verificou-se um recuo em aS associado à
of them were selected to achieve the so called S perda de nitrogênio e conseqüente formação
phase of about 3 μm thickness and no nitrides de nitretos. É possível obter na temperatura
precipitation. The nitrided layer was characterized 420ºC após 9 h cerca de 37% de fase S livre de
with OM and SEM. Hardness was assessed on the precipitados, o que mostra a necessidade de
surface with Vickers indenter and 25 g load. XRD realização de experimentos adicionais ou do
was performed to characterize the S phase and to desenvolvimento de métodos de separação
detect other phases if present and electrochemical das partículas nitretadas das não nitretadas.
corrosion tests were carried out in 3.5% NaCl Palavras-chave: Aço inoxidável austenítico AISI
solution. Although the S phase thickness in the 316; Fase S; Parâmetro de rede; Nitretação a
three groups of samples was comparable, hardness plasma.
1º Workshop de Tratamentos de Superfícies de Ligas Resistentes à Corrosão | 21 a 23 de julho de 2014 W9
1th Workshop on Surface Treatments of Corrosion Resistant Alloys | July 21st to 23rd, 2014
11:00am 24796
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE
24785 REVESTIMENTOS DE CAMADA DUPLA
CORROSION RESISTANCE OF PLASMA DE ÓXIDOS POR PACK CEMENTATION
NITRIDED AISI 420 MARTENSITIC Alana Sebastiani Dalpasquale – UFPR
STAINLESS STEEL: INFLUENCE OF THE Ana Sofia Clímaco Monteiro d´Oliveira – UFPR
PRETREATMENT AND TREATMENT
TEMPERATURE Componentes que operam em temperaturas
Rodrigo Perito Cardoso – UFPR
elevadas devem ser protegidos contra
Cláudia Eliana Marino Zarbin – UFPR a oxidação e corrosão. A proteção desses
Cristiano José Scheuer – UFSM componentes utilizando camada dupla de
Silvio Francisco Brunatto – UFPR óxidos pode ser obtida por técnicas de pack
cementation. Neste procedimento um dos
Low-temperature nitriding of stainless steels is
grandes desafios está no controle da interação
applied to obtain wear resistant surfaces without
entre o substrato e a camada junto da interface
losing its corrosion resistance. The treatment
e também na interação entre esta e a camada
consists in introducing nitrogen into the steel
mais externa. A eficiência de cada camada
surface avoiding chromium nitride precipitation.
depositada depende das características dos
The corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless
filmes de óxido formados, que por sua vez são
steels is expected to be improved if the treatment
consequências dos procedimentos utilizados
parameters are correctly selected. It can be related
na sua fabricação. Esta pesquisa focou na
to eFe2-3N and a’N phase formation on the
caracterização dos filmes de óxido de Cr e de
treated surface. In the present work the influence
Al, em função da sequencia de processamento
of the pretreatment and treatment temperature on
utilizada. Utilizando um substrato a base de
corrosion resistance of plasma nitrided AISI 420
W10 1º Workshop de Tratamentos de Superfícies de Ligas Resistentes à Corrosão | 21 a 23 de julho de 2014
1th Workshop on Surface Treatments of Corrosion Resistant Alloys | July 21st to 23rd, 2014
Ni, foram produzidas superfícies por pack aluminization. Results indicate that the processing
cementation com os seguintes procedimentos: conditions have a direct impact on the surface
CD – co-deposição (deposição simultânea characteristics produced, causing variations on
de Cr e Al), AlCr – aluminização seguida thickness and hardness: CrAl – 14,8µm – 219
de cromatização e CrAl – cromatização HV; CD – 18,5µm – 306 HV, AlCr – 23,3µm –
seguida de aluminização. Resultados 244 HV. These variations can be associated with
indicam que as condições de processamento the profile of chemical composition of the surface
têm impacto direto nas características da and the characteristics of phases that constitute
superfície produzidas, provocando variações each layer. Preliminary oxidation tests indicate
de espessura, em ordem crescente: CrAl that the procedure that guarantee the alumina
– 14,8µm, CD – 18,5µm, AlCr – 23,3µm. layer near the interface with the Ni alloy has the
Evidências de diferentes mecanismos de best performance. The study discusses the effects
interação nas interfaces criadas também foram of pack cementation processing procedureson the
identificadas pela dureza de cada camada: surface efficiency.
WORKSHOP| July 23rd
CrAl – 219 HV, CD – 306 HV, AlCr – 244 Keywords: Aluminization; Chromizing; Pack
HV.Estas variações podem ser associadas a cementation.
variações no perfil de composição química
da superfície e características das fases que
constituem cada camada. Testes preliminares 11:40am
de oxidação indicam que o procedimento
24744
que garante a camada de alumina junto da
interface com a liga de Ni tem o melhor INFLUENCE OF THE PT
ELECTROPLATING PARAMETERS ON A
desempenho. O estudo alerta para a
PACK ALUMINIZED Ni ALLOY
necessidade de otimização da eficiência das
superfícies processadas, que está diretamente Ana Sofia Clímaco Monteiro d´Oliveira – UFPR
relacionada com os procedimentos de Luca Belotti - UFPR
processamento de pack cementation. The combination of platinum electroplating and
Palavras-chave: Aluminização, Cromatização, pack aluminizing is a procedure widely used to
Pack cementation. protect components against high temperature
oxidation. PtAl aluminides form in the
interdiffusion layer acting as a reservoir of Al.
11:20am However, besides de Ni alloy being protected, the
DEVELOPMENT OF DUAL OXIDE LAYER final characteristics of the surface are strongly
COATINGS BY PACK CEMENTATION influenced by the Pt electroplating parameters. This
investigation aimed to assess the interdiffusion
Components operating at high temperature must phenomena during pack aluminizing of a Pt
be protected against oxidation and corrosion. The electroplated Ni alloy. Electrodeposition was
protection of these components using adouble carried out varying temperature, time and current
oxide layer can be obtained with pack cementation density. Subsequent evaluation revealed the impact
techniques. The efficiency of each deposited layer the features of the Pt layer on the pack aluminized
depends on the characteristics of the formed oxides surfaces and interdiffusion layer. The performance
films, that are a consequence of the processing of each Ni alloy depends on the reservoir of Al and
procedures used in their fabrication. Therefore, as a consequence on the interdiffusion between
the control of the interaction at the different the Pt, Al and Ni from the electrodeposited layer,
interfaces will of significant relevance to the aluminized layer and base alloy, respectively.
performance of coatings. This research focused on This study provides an in depth discussion on
the characterization of Cr and Al oxide films, as a the diffusion between the Pt, the Al and Ni,
function of the processing sequence used. Using which has not been fully discussed in the previous
a Ni base substrate, surfaces were processed by works. Understanding the diffusion mechanisms
pack cementation, with the following procedures: involved is very important to obtain an effective
CD – co-deposition (simultaneous deposition of protection for components for high temperature
Cr and Al), AlCr – aluminization followed by applications. The challenges involved in processing
chromatizing and CrAl – chromatizing followed by each layer are reviewed and discussed, including
1º Workshop de Tratamentos de Superfícies de Ligas Resistentes à Corrosão | 21 a 23 de julho de 2014 W11
1th Workshop on Surface Treatments of Corrosion Resistant Alloys | July 21st to 23rd, 2014
Alloy; Biomaterial.
and which does not undergo cracking or to peel
off during the use is a very promising solution
for improving the performance of 316 SS as
biomaterials for implants. In this paper a coating
based on an intermetallic FeAlCr alloy, material
that have been presenting suitable properties for
biomaterial application, was deposited on a 316
medical grade stainless steel. The coating was
1st Brazilian-german symposium
on materials science and engineering
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
General coordinators
ABM - Fernando Cosme Rizzo Assunção - PUC-Rio
DGM - Pedro Dolabella Portella - BAM
Brazilian-german
Scientific coordinator
Fernando José Gomes Landgraf - IPT
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Members
Ayrton Filleti - ABAL
Christos Aneziris - TU BA Freiberg
Fernando Ferreira Fernandez - Embraer
Jorge dos Santos - HZG
Jürgen Hirsch - Hydro Aluminiun
Ronaldo Antonio Neves Marques Barbosa - UFMG
Victor Carlos Pandolfelli - UFSCar
Wolfgang Bleck - RWTH AACHEN
Diii
Brazilian-German Symposium on
Materials Science and Engineering
São Paulo, 22-23 July 2014
Brazilian-german
July 22nd, 2014 - Room 10
Refractories
8:40 am - J. Schnieder, L. Lynen, RWTH Aachen Crack formation and shape of fracture surface in
9:00 am N. Traon, T. Tonnesen, tabular alumina based castables with addition of
R. Telle functional aggregates
9:00 am - A. Bonet, N. Travitzky, Univ. Erlangen Multilayer refractory components with integrated
9:20 am P. Greil sensor elements
11:00 am - C. Pagliosa Magnesita Refractories High Performance MgO-C Bricks for BOF: From Now
11:20 am Research Center to Nanotechnology
11:20 am - M. A. L. Braulio Alcoa Latin America and Insights and experiences on industry – university
11:40 am Caribbean - Research relationship in the refractory area
11:40 am - A.P. Luz FAI - Petrobras - UFSCar Thermodynamic simulations and their potential for
12:00 pm the design of refractory systems
01:00 pm - Lunch
02:00 pm
Div
Aluminum Alloys
02:30 pm - Hany Ahmed Novelis – Research Center Aluminium sheet for car body structure
Brazilian-german
03:00 pm - USA
04:00 pm - Jürgen Hirsch Hydro Aluminium Rolled Innovation in established aluminium sheet
04:20 pm Products GmbH products
Fsw
Brazilian-german
V. Fischer, J. Shen and J.F.
dos Santos
8:40 am - P.A.F. Barros, L.C. UFSCar / HZG Taguchi optimization of hook defect on AA2198
9:00 am Campanelli, M.G. friction spot joints
Bissolatti, J.F. dos Santos,
N.G. Alcantara, U.F.H.
Suhuddin and H. Wang
9:00 am - C.P. Mazzaferro, J.F. dos UFRGS / HZG Microstructural observations after friction stir
9:20 am Santos and T. Strohaecker spot welding of a TRIP steel
Steels
02:00 pm - Malcolm Gray Microalloyed Steels Development of X-80 HTP linepipe steel over 40
02:40 pm Institute years
02:40 pm - Wolfgang Bleck RWTH Aachen, Germany Microstructure development during processing
03:20 pm of advanced high strength steels
03:20 pm - Steve Jansto CBMM North America Advanced high strength Nb bearing civil
04:00 pm engineering steels in concrete and steel
construction applications
04:40 pm - Heinz Palkowski and TU Clausthal, Germany Deviations in chemical composition and process
05:40 pm Mohamed Soliman parameters - Influence on mechanical properties
in hot rolled multiphase steel
OFFICIAL PROGRAM
Participating Societies
ABM-TMStoSecond
Welcome the ABM-TMS
Pan American
SecondMaterials
Pan American
Conference
Materials
- 2014
Conference - 2014
The Pan American Materials Conference hopes to achieve, for the first time, an integration of
the leading materials societies on our two continents. There are a number of national societies
in the Americas dedicated to metallurgical and materials engineering as well as mining and
minerals technology in distinct countries. These societies pursue parallel efforts, address
industrial needs, and promote training, technical education and a forum for the presentation
of scientific research. The structure of this conference is based on eleven symposia that
will permit interactions of prominent researchers in the most relevant themes and allow
collaboration in R&D projects of common interest. The enthusiastic support of this concept
by the two organizing societies, TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society) and ABM
( Brazilian Metallurgical, Materials and Mining Association), the talent and time donated by
the organizers of all symposia ensured the success of our ambitious event and the amazing
response by the community.
As the leading materials and minerals society in Brazil, ABM is welcoming the sister societies
and acknowledges the presence of their representatives and all authors who are contributing
to the success of the Pan American Materials Conference. We hope that all participants will
derive the full benefit of this meeting and welcome comments that will make future meetings
even more productive. We encourage the authors of contributions to submit their manuscripts
to the Journal of Materials Research and Technology, a young joint Elsevier-ABM venue with
high standards and a bright future.
We thank the U. S. Army Research Office (Suveen Mathaudhu), the U.S. Office of Naval
Research Global (Augustus Vogel), and FAPERJ for their generous support of the conference,
which provided registration waivers and support for participants that otherwise could not come.
We also thank Lisa Breese (TMS) for coordinating the conference program and Erika Akashi
(ABM) for developing and maintaining the conference site.
2 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical
Organizers
Program
CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS
Marc Meyers – University of California, San Diego (TMS)
Sérgio Neves Monteiro – Instituto Militar de Engenharia (ABM)
ADVISORY BOARD
TMS Representatives
Diran Apelian - Metal Processing Institute, Worcester Polytechnic Institute
George T. (Rusty) Gray - Los Alamos National Laboratory
Hani Henein - University of Alberta, 2014 TMS President
Elizabeth Holm - Carnegie Mellon University
Michael Kassner - University of Southern California
Fernand Marquis - Naval Post-Graduate School
Thaddeus Massalski - Carnegie Mellon University
Wolfgang Schneider - Hydro Aluminium
James Robinson (liaison) - TMS
ABM Representatives
Nelson Alcântara, UFSCar - Chairman of ABM Board
Fernando Rizzo Assunção - PUC
Horácio Leal - ABM Executive Director
Reinaldo Nascimento - Events Manager
Special congress organizer: Erika Akashi - ABM
SAM Representatives
Iris Alvarez, Iris Alvarez, Physics Institute of Rosario IFIR-CONICET
Carlos Schvezov, U. Nacional de Misiones, CONICET, Argentina
Materials and Metallurgy Society of CIM Representatives
Boyd Davis, Kingston Process Metallurgy Inc.
Carolyn Hansen
APMMM Representative
Mery Cecilia Gómez Marroquín, founding partner and president of the board of directors
SMM Representative
Armando Salinas, President
SMM Representative
Armando Salinas, President
SOCHIM
Claudio Aguilar Ramírez, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Chile
4 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical
Organizers
Program
Thaddeus Massalski, Carnegie Mellon in mechanical properties of superplastic alloys. He obtained his
University Doctorate of Science in 1972 at the University of Paris/Orsay, under
the guidance of Prof. Paul Lacombe, still working at the Ecole des
Presentation: “Robert Mehl: The
Mines de Paris and the Centre de Recherches Nucléaires de Saclay
Quintessential Metallurgist”
on the structural evolution and mechanical properties of hexagonal
About the Presenter: metals. Upon returning to Brazil he joined the group that formed the
Massalski is Prof. Emeritus of Materials Post- Graduate Metallurgy Program at UFMG, devoting himself to
Science, Engineering and Physics at teaching, research, and technological development of cooperative
Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, projects with companies.
Pennsylvania, also formerly Institute
Professor and one of the directors of the Mellon Institute in Herbert Gleiter, Karlsruhe Institute of
Pittsburgh. Massalski was born in Warsaw, Poland. He received Technology
his advanced degrees, Ph.D and D.Sc, in the fields of the theory
Presentation: “Nanoscience: A New
of alloys and phase transformations, from the University of
Way of Probing the Limits of Quantum
Birmingham, England. He also holds two honorary doctorates from
Physics”
the University of Warsaw and the University of Torino.
About the Presenter:
Jagdish Narayan, North Carolina State Gleiter obtained his PhD in 1966 in
University physics from the University of Stuttgart.
After spending several years at Harvard
Presentation: “Frontiers in
University and MIT, he accepted positions at the Universities of
Nanostructured Materials”
Bochum, Saarbruecken and the ETH Zuerich. In 1994, he joined
About the Presenter: the Executive Board of the Research Center Karlsruhe and founded
Narayan, a Fellow of TMS and Inaugural there the Institute of Nanotechnology (INT). During his work at
Fellow of the Materials Research Society, Harvard and MIT, he discovered the existence of dislocations
is the John Fan Family Distinguished in inter-crystalline interfaces and proposed the “structural unit
Chair Professor in the Department of model” of grain boundaries which provides the basis for today’s
Materials Science and Engineering, and also has appointment as grain boundary models. In the late 1970s, he pioneered a new
Distinguished Visiting Scientist at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. class of materials: nano-crystalline materials. In 1989, he initiated
After graduating with distinction and first rank from India’s top the development of a new class of noncrystalline solids, the so
institution (IIT, Kanpur) in 1969, Narayan continued his studies at called nano-glasses. His present work focuses on the application
the University of California, Berkeley, and obtained his MS (1970) of nanotechnology to probe limits of Quantum Physics in systems
and PhD (1971) degrees in two years. He worked as Research of macroscopic size. Throughout his career he received more than
Metallurgist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (1971-72) 40 prizes/awards including the Leibniz and Max Planck Prize as
and Senior Scientist and Group Leader at Oak Ridge National Lab well as four honorary doctorates, several honorary professorships
(1972-84), before joining North Carolina State University in 1984 and was recently appointed Founding Director of the “Herbert
as senior professor and Director of Microelectronics Center of Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience” at Nanjing. He is member of seven
North Carolina. He also served as Director of Division of Materials national academies as well as an honorary member of several
Research (1990-92) of the National Science Foundation. He is the professional societies.
recipient of TMS 2014 Robert Franklin Mehl Medal and The Institute
of Metals Lecture Award. Fernando Landgraf, IPT
Presentation: “Robert F. Mehl and the
Evando Mirra de Paula e Silva,
Founding of the Brazilian Metals Society”
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
About the Presenter:
Presentation: “Nanotechnology and
Landgraf graduated in Metallurgical
Society”
Engineering from the University Center
About the Presenter: of FEI in 1976 and has M. Sc. and Ph. D.
Silva graduated in Mechanical and degrees in Metallurgical Engineering from
Electrical Engineering from Universidade the Polytechnic School of the University of
Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) in São Paulo, and the Habilitation from the same institution (2007).
1965. He began his research in 1963 He is an Adjunct Professor at the Polytechnic School and has
as an intern in the Thorium Group in the Radioactive Research contributed extensively (over 100 publications) to research in
Institute of Minas Gerais. He was part of the first graduating class Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, with emphasis on magnetic
of the Master of Materials Science and Engineering in the Brazil, behavior of engineering materials, including processing and
at COPPE, UFRJ (1967), working with Professor David Baldwin deformation mechanics, and phase transformations. He currently
6 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical
Mehl Symposium
Program
studies rolling and processing of particulate materials for electrical Leonhard Professor of Engineering in 2003. Langdon is a Fellow
steels, cluster magnets (bonded magnets), the relationship of the Royal Academy of Engineering in the U.K., a Fellow of the
between processing, microstructure and crystallographic texture European Academy of Sciences,a Foreign Member of the Academy
and magnetic properties. He worked for 29 years at the Institute of of Sciences of the Bashkortostan Republic in Russia, and a Fellow
Technological Research (IPT) and is currently its President Director. of numerous societies, including TMS. Langdon’s research interests
cover the fields of creep, superplasticity and the processing and
Walter Arno Mannheimer, Academia properties of ultrafine-grained metals prepared through the
Brasileira de Ciencias application of severe plastic deformation.
Presentation: “Reminiscences: A
Horst Hahn, Karlsruhe Institute of
Brazilian Student of Prof. Mehl in the
Technology
‘Fifties”
Presentation: “Design of Materials
About the Presenter:
Properties by Microstructure and External
Mannheimer, born in Rio de Janeiro in
Fields”
1932, is currently a professor emeritus
in the Department of Metallurgical and About the Presenter:
Materials Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). Since April 2004, Hahn has been Managing
He began his academic career interning in chemistry micro at the Director of the Institute for Nanotechnology
Laboratory of Mineral Production with Prof. Fritz Feigl. He graduated at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe
in 1953 in Chemical Engineering from the University of Brazil, and and Director of the Research Laboratory Nanomaterials located
has an M.Sc. in Metallurgical Engineering in 1955 from Carnegie at the Technische Universitat Darmstadt and jointly operated
Tech, where he was a student of Prof. R.F. Mehl. From 1955 to 1963 by Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and Technische Universitat
he was an engineer and Technical Director of Machinery Fekima Darmstadt. Horst Hahn studied Materials Science at the
SA in Rio de Janeiro and consultant in the field of paints and anti- Universitat des Saarlandes and received his Ph.D from the
corrosion coatings. He returned to Carnegie - Mellon in 1963 as a Technische Universitat Berlin. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the
project engineer in the Metals Research Laboratory and obtained a Universitat des Saarlandes working in the area of interfaces and
Ph.D. in Materials Science in 1967 under the guidance of Prof. H.W. nanocrystalline metals. Professor Hahn is one of the co-founders
Paxton. He has been a professor at UFRJ since 1967, having been of SusTech Darmstadt GmbH&Co KG, a start-up company in the
Head of the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering area of sustainable chemistry and nanotechnology. The Company
in the periods 1967-1974 and 1992-1994. From 1974 to 1991 he is developing products based on functionalized nanoparticulate
was Head of the Department of Materials CEPEL - Research systems. Hahn is Honorary Professor at the Department of Physics
Center for Energy (Eletrobras Group ) . He devoted himself to the at the University of Hyderabad, India, Distinguished Professor
study of aging and degradation in electrical transformers and hydro- of the IIT Madras, India and Guest Professor at Langzhou
insulating materials, and optical and scanning electron microscopy. University, China. He is a member of the DFG funded Centre for
Functional Nanostructures and of the Landeskompetenznetzwerk
Terence G. Langdon, University of “Funktionelle Nanostrukturen” at the Universitat Karlsruhe. His main
Southern California and University of research interests are in the areas of synthesis, characterization,
Southampton and functional (physical and chemical) properties of nanostructured
materials in the form of thin films, nanoparticles and bulk materials.
Presentation: “Recent Developments
He is the recipient of the 2013 Mehl Medal.
in the Processing of Ultrafine-Grained
Materials using Severe Plastic
Deformation”
About the Presenter:
Langdon is Professor of Materials Science
in the Faculty of Engineering and the Environment at the University
of Southampton in the U.K. and the William E. Leonhard Professor
Emeritus in the Viterbi School of Engineering at the University of
Southern California in Los Angeles, U.S.A. He graduated in Physics
from the University of Bristol and in 1965 obtained a Ph.D. degree
in Physical Metallurgy from Imperial College, University of London.
Following appointments at the University of California in Berkeley,
the University of Cambridge in the U.K., and the University of
British Columbia in Canada, he joined the faculty of the University
of Southern California as an Associate Professor in 1971 and was
promoted to Professor in 1976. He was appointed the William E.
8 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
from medicine and astronomy all the way to material alloys, in spite of low density, are characteristic
science. In this presentation a new application will because of the vibration damping capability and good
TUESDAY AM
be presented concerning the fundamental question weldability. The restricted application of this materials
whether there is an upper mass limit beyond which is caused by their low corrosion resistance in many
Quantum Physics (QP) cannot be used to describe environments. The aim of this work was to characterize
the reality. In the experiments performed in the study the corrosion resistance of AZ91D, WE43 and Elektron
that will be reported here, a beam of nanometer-sized magnesium alloys using Potentiodynamic Polarization
clusters (flying in UHV in the same direction with Test in environment containing 0.01% chloride ions
identical velocities) was passed around a micrometer- at room temperature. The SEM surface observations
sized solid sphere that was positioned in the middle were made, also. The alloy microstructures were
of the cluster beam resulting in a circular shadow on examined using optical microscope and X-ray
a screen behind the sphere. According to the rules of diffractometer. Author explained a phenomenon of
QP, in the center of this shadow, a bright spot - called a corrosion processes in examined materials. It was
Poisson Spot - is known to exist. This Poisson Spot can stated that analyzed magnesium alloys were in passive
be used as a “fingerprint” for the matter wave character state and all of them were influenced by microgalvanic
of the cluster beam. In the present experiments, the corrosion. The measured galvanic behavior strongly
mass of the clusters was increased and we then check if depends on microstructures of examined magnesium
there is a cluster mass beyond which the Poisson Spot alloys.
vanishes indicating that for clusters beyond this mass,
8:40 AM
QP may have to be modified or cannot be applied at
Advances on the Ultrasonic Cavitation-assisted
all.. With modern methods of nanoscience it seems
Molten Metal Processing of Al-based Alloys and
possible to perform such experiments up to masses of
Nanocomposites: Laurentiu Nastac1; Shian Jia1;
up to 100 000 or even 1 000 000 atomic mass units i.e.
Daojie Zhang1; 1The University of Alabama
with cluster that have masses which are comparable to
There is considerable evidence that mechanical
the masses of one or several viruses.
properties of cast components can be significantly
improved if ceramic nanoparticles are used as a
reinforcement to form metal-matrix-nano-composites.
3. Light Metals and Alloys – Session 1 Al2O3 and SiC nanoparticles reinforced A356 matrix
Program Organizer: Carlos Schvezov, Institute
of Materials of Misiones composite castings were fabricated via ultrasonic
technology. Nanoparticles were inserted into the
Tuesday AM Room: Room 12 molten metal and dispersed by ultrasonic cavitation
July 22, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca and acoustic streaming to avoid agglomeration. The
Convention Center
microstructures and mechanical properties of the cast
metal-matrix-nano-composites were investigated in
Session Chair: Carlos Schvezov, Universidad
detail and compared with both standard A356 and
Nacional de Rosario Conicet
A356 alloy processed via ultrasonic technology. The
results showed that microstructures were greatly
8:00 AM Introductory Comments refined and with the addition of nanoparticles,
8:20 AM tensile properties increased significantly. Since the
Dependence between Microstructure and ultrasonic energy is concentrated in a small region
Corrosive Mechanism of AZ91D, WE43 and under the ultrasonic probe, it is difficult to ensure
Elektron Magnesium Alloys in Solution Containing proper cavitation and acoustic streaming for efficient
0.01% Chloride Ions: Anna Dobkowska1; Boguslawa dispersion of the nanoparticles without determining
Adamczyk - Cieslak1; Jaroslaw Mizera1; Krzysztof the suitable ultrasonic parameters as well as the fluid
Kurzydlowski1; 1Warsaw University of Technology flow characteristics. These important aspects were
Magnesium alloys are well known in modern industry studied by using an in-house developed CFD ultrasonic
because of their low density. The strength to density cavitation model. Keywords: ultrasonic stirring
ratio of magnesium alloys exceeds the others common technology; A356-based nano-composites; cast A356
materials. This is important issue in motorization where alloy, Al2O3 and SiC nanoparticles; microstructure;
the reducing weight is necessary. The magnesium mechanical properties; modeling and simulation of
ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic streaming. geometry [4]. APT analysis of un-melted and melted
9:00 AM regions in Al-7at.%Cu show theta phase concentrations
TUESDAY AM
10 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
activities on the development of Mg alloys formable wt. %Cr). These steels were cold-rolled at around
at room temperature. The effect of alloying elements 55% reduction for preparing 4 sets of samples as “full
TUESDAY AM
and thermomechanical treatments on the formability of hard”. Two sets of these full hard with (0.0% wt. and
various Mg alloys will be discussed. Several critical 0.6 wt. %Cr), respectively, were heated-up from room
microstructural factors affecting the formability have temperature to the austenite region (900°C) held for 30
been identified and suggestions will be made on how minutes, then water quenched to the room temperature
to improve the formability of Mg alloys at room to produce the “full martensite” microstructures. In
temperature. this way the prior microstructures for the next step,
10:40 AM annealing treatment in the ferrite-austenite region, are 2
Effect of Processing Temperature on the types of “full hard” and “full martensite”, with different
Microstructure of Al-7Ti Master Alloy and Their Cr concentrations (0.0% wt. and 0.6 wt. %Cr). These 4
Refinement of Al Dendrites in Al-7Si Alloys: sets of samples were heat-treated together in a salt bath
Virupaxi Auradi1; Shivaputrappa Kori2; 1Siddaganga up to 740°C and held isothermally for different times
Institute of Technology; 2Basaveshwar Engineering (15, 30, 60, 120, 240 and 600 seconds), then quenched
College in water tank. After each holding time and quenching,
The present work aims at studying the influence on samples were prepared to evaluate the influence of
reaction temperature on the micro-structural features initial microstructure, Cr additions and holding times
of Al-7Ti master alloys and in turn on the grain refining on the microstructure and hardness of these low carbon
efficiency of Al-7Si alloys. Al-7Ti master alloys have steels. It was found that both, Cr additions and initial
been prepared in an induction furnace by salt route microstructure affect significantly the feature of final
which involves the reaction between preheated halide product. The main goal of this study is to understand
salt (K2TiF6) and liquid Al. During processing reaction the effect of the initial microstructure and Cr additions
temperature was varied from 800- 10000°C in steps in the final microstructure and hardness of low carbon
of 1000°C. The indigenous prepared master alloys steels.
were characterized by chemical analysis; particles 11:20 AM
size analysis, XRD and SEM/EDX micro-analysis. Evolution of the Mechanical and Corrosion
Results of particle size analysis suggest that the sizes Properties of Al-RE-(Li) Magnesium Alloys after
of the inter-metallic particles present in Al-7Ti master SPD: Peter Minárik1; Robert Kral1; Jitka Straska1;
alloys increases with increase in reaction temperature Josef Pesicka1; 1Charles University in Prague, Faculty
from 800 to 10000°C. The population of the particles of Mathematics and Physics
decreases with increase in reaction time. Further, A lot of work has been done in the recent years
SEM/EDX studies revealed different morphology of to enhance mechanical and corrosion resistance of
the inter-metallic particles present in the master alloy magnesium alloys. One of the approaches is severe
when processed at different reaction temperatures. plastic deformation, where contradictory effects on
Results of grain refinement studies suggest that, Al- corrosion resistance were reported. In our study a
7Ti master alloy prepared at reaction temperature of severe plastic deformation was introduced to three
8000C shows better grain refinement performance on alloys from Al-RE-(Li) group in order to examine
Al-7Si alloy when compared to the Al-7Ti prepared at evolution of the mechanical and corrosion properties
9000°C and 10000°C. on the microstructure change. The alloys were
processed by extrusion and Equal Channel Angular
11:00 AM
Pressing (ECAP). The microstructure resulted from
Effects of Initial Microstructure and Cr Content
the thermomechanical processing was observed by
in the Final Microstructure and Hardness of Low
Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Electron
Carbon Steels: José SilvaFilho1; Eder Serafim2; Olga
back scattered microscopy (EBSD). Afterward the
Girina2; Carlos Oliveira3; Conrado Afonso4; Fabiano
evolution of the mechanical properties was documented
Miranda2; 1ArcelorMittal ; 2ArcelorMittal; 3UFSC;
by tensile and compression deformation tests and the
4
UFSCar
corrosion resistance by Electrochemical impedance
An experimental investigation was conducted using
spectroscopy (EIS). These results were discussed with
laboratory-processed, low carbon steel 0.08% wt. C,
evolution of the micostructure, particularly grain size
Mn below 2.5 wt. %, B below 0.0030%, Mo 0.30 wt.
and texture, and evolution of the dislocation density
% and Cr in two concentrations (0.0% wt. and 0.6
obtained from Positron annihilation spectroscopy Cai2; Maurice de Koning1; 1Universidade Estadual de
(PAS). Campinas; 2Stanford University
TUESDAY AM
12 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
and driving force, the grain boundary mobility shows polycrystalline samples consisted on columnar grains
a complex nonlinear behavior beyond the conventional randomly oriented of average grain sizes ranging from
TUESDAY AM
conjecture of Arrhenius-like temperature-dependence 5-20 nm. Interatomic potentials of the Embedded-Atom
in mobility and linear velocity-driving force relation. (EAM) type were used to describe the interactions
The velocity-limiting mechanisms range from the among atoms. The H absorption process was modeled
pinning-depinning transition at low temperature, at the atomistic scale by Monte Carlo simulations in
through rare-event dynamics of critical “kink-pair” the TPμN ensemble. For mono-crystalline Pd in the
disconnection nucleation along intrinsic grain boundary alpha phase, stress-strain curves showed decreasing
dislocations, to fluctuating randomly diffusive grain elastic moduli and yield strength with increasing
boundary motion at low driving forces and high H concentration. At low H concentrations in the
temperatures. The interfaces’ dynamics are discussed polycrystalline samples, H agglomerated at grain
in context of previous atomistic studies and necessary boundaries, anchoring them and stopping the grain
ingredients for a mesoscale model of GB motion. growth which would occur under tension in samples
9:20 AM without H. At high H concentrations (beta phase)
Thermodynamics Quantities Useful for homogeneous hydride formation was observed.
Microstructure Simulations: Suzana Fries1; 10:20 AM
1
ICAMS, Ruhr University Bochum Atomistic Simulations of Fracture on hcp Metals:
Microstructure simulations usually require several Margarita Ruda1; Graciela Bertolino2; Diana Farkas3;
input parameters.Some of them can be provide by Carlos Ruestes4; 1CNEA-CAB; 2CONICET-Instituto
thermodynamics, like phase stability, element partition, Balseiro; 3Virginia Tech; 4Instituto Balseiro-ICB
driving forces, solid fractions, volumes, thermal Atomistic simulations of crack propagation
expansion, etc.Traditionally these data could be have been performed on single crystal and nano-
obtained from different databases but not always they polycrystalline hcp metals at room temperature (300
are consistent. Databases made using the CALPHAD K). The simulations were performed using molecular
methodology can provide this consistency and very dynamics (MD) and potentials of the embedded
recently, it is also possible to incorporate quantities atom (EAM) type. For the polycrystalline samples
like strain energies, lattice parameters, bulk modulus. the simulation blocks where created by a Voronoi
This is made not only with experimental informations tessellation and consisted of columnar grains that were
but also with the help of first-principles calculations rotated randomly with respect to each other about the
at zero and finite temperatures.In this lecture some [0001] axis so that the grain boundaries were all pure
examples will be give about how to extract and use these tilt with random misorientation angles. The current
data in proprietary and/or academic microstructure analysis was restricted to cracks initially placed on
simulations codes. the basal plane with the crack front parallel to the
9:40 AM Break [0001] axis.The results show phase transformations to
bcc phase at the crack tip, both in the single crystal
10:00 AM and polycrystalline samples. At larger stress intensity
Simulations of the Effects of Hydrogen on the factors KI the transformed zones in the polycrystalline
Tensile Properties of Palladium: Margarita Ruda1; samples reached the grain boundaries (GB), and the
Eduardo Crespo2; Susana Ramos3; Eduardo Bringa4; crack advance was modified by the interaction between
Fabián Braschi2; María Laura Alí2; 1CNEA-CAB; the GB and the bcc zone. As expected the effect is
2
Universidad Nacional del Comahue; 3IDEPA- more pronounced in the smaller grain size samples.
CONICET-Univ.Nac.Comahue; 4CONICET-Instituto
10:40 AM
de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo
Role of the Geometric Configuration on the Melting
The Pd-H system is of great technological interest
Point of Clusters: Felipe Valencia1; José Rogan2; Juan
in relation to H storage and purification applications,
Alejandro Valdivia2; Migule Kiwi2; 1Departamento
as well as catalysis. In this work molecular dynamics
de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile
(MD) atomistic simulations of uniaxial tensile
and Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y
deformation have been performed on single crystal and
Nanotecnología CEDENNA; 2Departamento de Física,
nano-polycrystalline Pd samples at room temperature
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile and Centro
(300 K) with different concentrations of H. The
para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y Nanotecnología
CEDENNA
By means of molecular dynamics techniques 10. Dynamic Properties of Materials –
TUESDAY AM
performed with the LAMMPS software and using the Dynamic Behavior of Materials
method of multiple histograms, we have calculated the Program Organizers: George Gray, Los Alamos
melting points and heat capacities of a series of clusters National Laboratory; Naresh Thadhani, Georgia
Institute of Technology; Alexandre Ferreira,
of little more than one hundred atoms. This because Universidade Federal Fluminense
theoretical ab-initio studies have been performed only
for faceted or for the lowest energy configuration of Tuesday AM Room: Room 15
each cluster, mainly due to its high computational July 22, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca
cost. However these structures may not coincide with Convention Center
those obtained experimentally. The geometries of the
clusters studied are characterized by having a core- Session Chairs: Naresh Thadhani, Georgia Institute
shell structure, noting a direct relationship between of Technology; Luis Henrique Leme Louro, I M E
the symmetry of the core, the melting points and heat
capacities peak of these clusters. 8:00 AM Invited
11:00 AM Fifty Years of Shock and High-strain-rate
Simulation of Mechanical Properties of Nanoporous Phenomena: Promise and Performance: L. Murr1;
and Nanocrystalline Ta: Diego Tramontina1; Carlos
1
University of Texas at El Paso
Ruestes1; Yizhe Tang2; Eduardo Bringa1; 1Universidad Some of the first applications of explosive shock-
Nacional de Cuyo; 2Johns Hopkins University wave phenomena involved shaped charge development
Defective Tantalum monocrystals are expected to and explosive welding in the 1950s and 1960s. By
display a particularly rich behaviour when stressed the mid 1960s, fixtures for the direct observation of
along different directions. Using molecular dynamics shock-wave induced microstructures at the level of
simulations, we model Ta monocrystals containing a transmission electron microscopy were developed
single spherical void of different sizes, under uniaxial and many materials and materials systems were
compression, for two different empirical potentials. investigated into the decade of the 1970s and beyond;
Variations on the yield point, dislocation and twin many continuing today. By the 1980s, explosive
generation and plastic heating are observed depending compaction and consolidation was explored and
on the void size and stress direction, as distinct characterized, leading to explosive shock synthesis
slip systems are activated, resulting in a variety of and related innovations using shock-wave phenomena.
dislocation structures and mobilities. The effect of an During this period (1960-1990), shock hardening,
array of nanovoids is also considered, leading to stress- explosive forming, etc. were also explored and applied
amplification and a lower plastic threshold. Grain in practical settings. Correspondingly, microstructures
boundaries can also act as effective dislocation or twin associated with these applications and their residual
sources, and we simulate Ta nanocrystals to analyze properties were documented using a variety of
twinning dependence on grain size and on maximum materials characterization tools, especially optical and
loading stress. electron microscopy. This presentation will illustrate
the investigation of microstructures associated with
these phenomena and their relationship to properties,
performance and applications from the 1960s to the
present (2014).
8:40 AM
Analysis of Chemically Resistant Characteristic
to the Liquid-applied Membrane Waterproofing
Materials of the Rapidly Hardening Sprayed Type
Applied on the Concrete Structure: MeongJi Kim1;
Sang-Keun Oh1; Su-Ryun Kim1; Eun-Kyu Choi1;
Sung-Min Choi1; Young-Keun Kim2; 1Seoul National
University of Science and Technology Research Center
of Construction Technology; 2Korea Conformity
14 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
TUESDAY AM
resin waterproofing and anti-corrosion materials that is that initial sample temperature plays in the resulting
applied to the social infrastructure was analyzed. The failure and fragmentation. These and other examples
chemical performances were realized by the validation demonstrate the flexibility of the gas-gun platform
test for understanding as detailed point of view to the to investigate a wide range of phenomena relevant
characteristics of the polyurea waterproofing and anti- to both the engineering description, and fundamental
corrosion Among the specimens that are the polyurea understanding of the dynamic response of materials.
resin waterproofing and anti-corrosion, polyurea 9:20 AM
resin waterproofing and anti-corrosion, polyurethan- Double Elastic Shock Response of the Diamond-SiC
polyurea waterproofing and anti-corrosion, and Composite under Pressure up to 110GPa: Chuanmin
polyurethane waterproofing and anti-corrosion were Meng1; Liang Xu1; Xuhai Li1; Xiuxia Cao1; Zhigang1;
analyzed as the specimen. As a result of chemically Wenjun Zhu1; Duanwei He2; 1Institute of Fluid
resistant characteristic to three kinds of polyure type Physics; 2Sichuan University
materials, it’s polyurethane, polyurea-urethane, and Shock compression property of the diamond-SiC
polyurea were arranged in the order. This order is composite was measured by means of the interferometer
generally predictable order that is expected by any user,
technique. Time-resolved free-surface velocity profiles
but it was settled first by the quantitative evidence of
indicate an elastic-plastic-elastic shock response of
chemical evaluation in this time. And, the result in this
this composite which is observed for the first time.
study will be utilizing as a basic data for establishing
The elastic-plastic transition at 12.75GPa is due to the
the quality standards which are able to judge the
yielding of SiC matrix. In a shock pressure range of
chemically resistant characteristic of polyurea resin
20~110GPa, the bulk composite shows another elastic
waterproofing and anti-corrosion materials.
compression property. The peak pressure is much
9:00 AM higher than the HEL of single crystal diamond.
Development of Novel Gas-gun Driven Loading
9:40 AM Break
Techniques: David Chapman1; David Jones1; Daniel
Eakins1; William Proud1; 1Imperial College London 10:00 AM
The single-stage light gas-gun is an important A Model for Amorphization, Fracture and Plasticity
loading platform for the investigation of the dynamic in B4C: Robert McMeeking1; Chance Holland1;
properties of materials. However its relatively modest
1
University of California, Santa Barbara
performance in terms of velocity and the typical Boron carbide (B4C), with its low density, high
impact configurations restrict the type of dynamic hardness and high strength in compression – is an
phenomena which can be investigated. In this talk, attractive material for ballistic resistant armor systems.
we describe recent experimental developments Furthermore, B4C has the highest reported Hugoniot
employing novel target geometries that increase the elastic limit (HEL) of any ceramic. However, at high
range of accessible shock states in terms of pressure impact velocities the ballistic resistance (Chen, 2003)
and temperature, and facilitate the investigation of and shear strength (Grady, 1995; Dandekar, 2001) of
dynamic phenomena that are typically studied using B4C has been observed to decrease dramatically. One
different loading platforms. We introduce a novel possible explanation for this loss in performance at
technique which promises to increase the velocity for high strain rates is that B4C experiences a transition to
plate-impact experiments by a factor of two or more, an amorphous phase within small sliver-like regions of
and extend the range of accessible thermodynamic material (on the order of 1-3 nm in width). Moreover,
states for the single stage gas-gun into regimes these amorphous regions, which have relatively
enabling the study of high pressure phase transitions, low shear strengths, are believed to encourage
or shock induced melting. We also describe a recently microcracking, further reducing the material’s
demonstrated technique to investigate the expansion performance. An existing constitutive model for
and fragmentation of cylinders, which enables studies fracture and plasticity in ceramics has been extended
of materials under uniform radial expansion at strain to account for amorphization at high compressive
rates in the range of 103 to 105 s-1. Importantly, unlike stresses, dependent on the combination of pressure and
other similar gas-gun driven expanding cylinder the deviatoric component. This constitutive model
is used in computations to simulate the behavior of was found. Within the greater statistic dispersion of
B4C in a variety of stress-states over a range of strain- results, the V50 obtained by the conventional, 395 ±
TUESDAY AM
rates including uniaxial stress, spherical indentation 18 m/s, and the proposed, 316 ± 58 m/s, were relatively
both quasistatic and due to ballistic impact, and close. The reason for this discrepancy between results
uniaxial strain. Conditions triggering and avoiding is discussed.
amorphization are identified and compared with
11:00 AM
experimental observations.
Investigation of the Impact Initiated Combustion of
10:20 AM Invited Aluminum Using Meso-scale Diagnostics: Jennifer
Extreme Deformation of Metals by Pulsed Lasers: Breidenich1; Julian Turner1; Naresh Thadhani1;
Marc Meyers1; 1University of California, San Diego 1
Georgia Institute of Technology
The combination of high energy pulsed lasers, The mechanisms dominating the impact-
molecular dynamics computations, and characterization initiated combustion of aluminum under uniaxial
of recovered specimens is yielding an improved stress conditions are investigated by varying the
understanding on the fundamental deformation and characteristics of the initial starting powders,
failure mechanisms in metals. Our team has been implementing in situ time-resolved diagnostics, and
pursuing these problems for fifteen years with the goal correlating experimental results to computational
of elucidating these mechanisms. The following results simulations. High-speed imaging reveals that the
will be discussed: Dislocations in shock compression: minimum impact velocity required for reaction
homogeneous generation vs. and multiplication. initiation (evident via light emission captured by high-
Void nucleation and growth: defects and kinetics. speed camera) changes as a function of starting powder
The slip twinning transition: material and external size and the degree of mechanical pre-activation.
loading effects.The search for the elusive supersonic Particle size and mechanical pre-activation, such as
dislocation. that achieved via high-energy ball milling (HEBM)
10:40 AM or high strain machining, have differing effects on
Evaluation of the V50 Ballistic Limit of an Aramid plastic deformation and subsequent heating during the
Fabric Target: Luiz Carlos da Silva1; Edio Lima1; processes of compaction and deformation subsequent
to impact. In order to separate these effects, the starting
Sergio Monteiro2; Luis Henrique Louro1; 1Military
powders are characterized by their retained lattice
Institute of Engineering; 2Military Institute of
strain and surface area to volume ratio. Additionally,
Engineering
in situ IR imaging, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and meso-
The V50 ballistic limit corresponds to a projectile
scale pressure diagnostics are used to determine
velocity associated with 50% of probability to penetrate
the evidence for the types of mechanisms leading to
a target. In the present work, ballistic tests were
impact initiated combustion of aluminum. Finally,
conducted in a specific target with 10 mm of thickness
meso-scale simulations using the CTH multi-material
composed of 8 layers of aramid fabrics. A conventional
hydrocode are used to correlate the effects of material
9 mm caliper projectile, weighing 8 g, was accelerated
properties of the powder compacts with the crush-up,
at different speeds from a provette gun corresponding
deformation, and reaction behavior.
to distinct kinetic energies. Higher velocities/energies
allow to complete perforation of the target, which 11:20 AM
did not occur for lower velocities. The test apparatus Two Phases Coexist in Ru after Shock Loading:
used an optical barrier to measure 3 distinct velocities: Wenjun Zhu1; Liang Xu1; Chuanmin Meng1; Xuhai Li1;
exiting the gun mouth (ve); immediately before Zhishen Zhao2; Julong He2; Yongjun Tian2; Duanwei
impact the target (vb) and residual after leaving the He3; 1National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and
target (va), in case of perforation. Using a convenient Detonation Physics,Institute of Fluid Physics; 2State
number of tests, the V50 was evaluated by means of Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and
the conventional method, which considers the faster Technology, Yanshan University; 3Institute of Atomic
velocities, with perforation and slower velocities and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University
causing perforation. In this work, an alternative way to Under certain conditions of pressure and
estimate V50 is proposed based on the kinetic energy temperature, the single element metal only has one
absorbed by the target. This energy was calculated crystal structure. We employed shock loading method
from va and vb and a equation for an equivalent V50 to implement HCP and FCC coexistence in the metal
16 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
TUESDAY PM
boron nitride, silicon nitride respectively. The purpose
Carnegie Mellon University; Fernando Landgraf,
of the preparation of the samples is to load the metal IPT
ruthenium to the condition where FCC phase is the
energy favorite. After the shock loading, the recollected Tuesday PM Room: Room 11
samples were analyzed by XRD, EBSD and TEM tests July 22, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca
and found FCC ruthenium abound. The mechanism is Convention Center
explained by density functional theory calculation and
theoretical analysis. Session Chair: Thaddeus Massalski, Carnegie
Mellon University
11:40 AM
Effects of Microstructure on the Spall Behavior
of Al-Mg Alloys: Ricky Whelchel1; Tom Sanders1; 2:00 PM Keynote
Naresh Thadhani1; 1Georgia Institute of Technology Robert F. Mehl and the Founding of the Brazilian
The dynamic tensile (spallation) behavior of four Metals Society: Fernando Landgraf1; 1IPT
different microstructural attributes in Al-Mg alloys is Professor Mehl came to São Paulo, Brazil, in 1944,
investigated. The alloys include Al 5083 alloy in the invited by the Brazilian Government, together with
annealed and strain-hardened conditions as well as Prof Alan Bates. Their visit was related to WW2,
that processed by equal-channel angular processing Brazil having joined the Allied effort. At that time ,
(ECAP), in addition to a precipitation-hardened Al- the largest integrated steel plant in Brazil was being
9wt%Mg alloy. Symmetric plate-impact experiments built with a 20 million dollar loan from the American
were performed using the 80-mm single-stage gas gun Eximbank. It was designed to produce 300.000 tons
in the stress range of 1.4 to 6.7 GPa. Rear free surface per year of flat products. Mehl´s recognition of the
velocity measurements performed using VISAR importance of the American Society for Metals in
interferometry revealed velocity profiles with a clear the development of the US industry and science
Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL), velocity pullback, and stimulated Brazilian industrialists gathered around
ringing for all measured samples, indicating a transition the Technological Research Institute (IPT-Instituto de
from elastic to plastic behavior and spalling due to Pesquisas Tecnológicas) to found the Brazilian Metals
dynamic tension. Experiments were performed on Society- ABM in that year.
samples machined both through the thickness and along 2:20 PM Keynote
all three principal axes of a rolled plate. The Hugoniot Reminiscences: A Brazilian Student of Prof. Mehl
Elastic Limit (HEL) and the spall strength were found in the ‘Fifties: Walter Mannheimer1; 1Academia
to be simultaneously highest for the microstructure Brasileira de Ciencias
corresponding to ECAP material than any of the Professor Robert Franklin Mehl, Head of the
other materials. The overall results suggest that while Department of Metallurgy at the Carnegie Institute
grain size does not directly affect the spall strength, it of Technology in Pittsburgh, had a special relation to
influences the decompression rate dependence of the Brazilian metallurgy. Mehl, who was the reference
microstructure whereby smaller grain sizes result in teacher and department head of metallurgy in the
larger power law exponent correlating spall strength United States in the fifties, understood clearly the
versus decompression rate. needs of the country, and in particular, of this young
student in an unfamiliar environment. In presenting
some reminiscences, I wish not only to gratefully and
respectfully remember him, but also to inquire into
how needs and strategies might have changed over
fifty years, in the context of engineering education in
Brazil.
Ultrafine-Grained Materials using Severe Plastic by electrolyte gating using liquid or solid electrolytes.
Deformation: Terence Langdon1; 1University of Furthermore, using electrochemical ion intercalation,
Southern California and University of Southampton fully reversible properties can be achieved. Finally,
The application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) the concepts employed for tuning properties of
to bulk materials provides an opportunity for achieving nanostructures can be employed in applications as
exceptional grain refinement to the submicrometer or well. As an example, field-effect transistors based on
even the nanometer level. Several SPD processing inorganic nanoparticles as the channel material and
methods are now available but most attention has solid electrolyte for the gating will be described.
been directed to the two processes of equal-channel
angular pressing (ECAP) and high-pressure torsion
(HPT). This presentation examines the principles 3. Light Metals and Alloys – Session 2
of grain refinement in these two processing methods Program Organizer: Carlos Schvezov, Institute
of Materials of Misiones
with emphasis on the properties that may be attained
through SPD processing. Tuesday PM Room: Room 12
4:00 PM Break July 22, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca
Convention Center
4:20 PM Keynote
Design of Materials Properties by Microstructure Session Chair: Leonardo Godefroid, UF Ouro Preto
and External Fields: Horst Hahn1; 1Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology
2:00 PM
The mechanical, physical and chemical properties
Grain Growth Kinetics in a Fine-grained Mg-9Gd-
of materials are determined by their microstructure.
4Y-0.4Zr Alloy: Reza Alizadeh1; Reza Mahmudi1;
Modern materials science uses the complex interplay
Terence Langdon2; 1University of Tehran; 2University
of defects, such as impurities, phases, point and line
of Southampton
defects and interfaces, to tailor properties and obtain
Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys are known for their ultra-high
high-performance metallic alloys and ceramics. In
strength caused by the very fine-grained microstructure.
this approach of materials design, properties can only
Grain growth kinetics of an extruded fine-grained Mg-
be changed by modifying their microstructure, for
9Gd-4Y-0.4Zr alloy was studied in the temperature
example by initiating grain growth during annealing
range of 673-773 K. The results showed that the alloy
at elevated temperatures. Such a behavior, that fixes
can retain its as-extruded fine microstructure up to
the properties irreversibly to the microstructure, is
temperatures as high as 673 K, which is much higher
advantageous for many applications of materials,
than those for conventional Mg alloys. The material
where long-term stability of the properties is required.
behavior can be divided into two low (673-723 K)
Metallic glasses offer interesting properties due to
and high (723-773 K) temperature regimes, with grain
their disordered atomic structure. Due to the fact that
growth activation energies of 147 ± 5 and 50 ± 5 kJ/
they are prepared predominantly by rapid quenching,
mol, respectively. The measured activation energy for
only a certain range of microstructural parameters has
the low-temperature regime indicates that the gain
yet been explored. As an example for materials that
growth process is controlled by lattice self diffusion
exhibit novel effects by tailoring the microstructure,
in this temperature range. The anomalously low
nanoglasses will be discussed. Nanoglasses consist
activation energy obtained for the high-temperature
of two distinct structural components, which differ
regime may be due to the increased mobility of grain
in their free volume and elemental constitution, and
boundaries at high temperatures, which needs less
have been shown to exhibit drastic property changes.
energy for overcoming obstacles to grain growth.
In contrast, tuning using external fields, i.e., electric,
offers completely new opportunities for the fully
reversible control of materials properties. Such tuning
of physical properties will be demonstrated for several
nanostructures, i.e. (epitaxial) thin films, nanoporous,
nanoparticulate structures and nanowires. Tuning
18 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
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TUESDAY PM
Solidification of Mg-Y-Nd Alloys: Domonkos Tolnai1; section coarsened faster than those in transverse
Chamini Mendis1; Andreas Stark1; Norbert Schell1; section for the experimental alloy, which was just the
Norbert Hort1; 1Helmholtz Zentrum Geesthacht reason of existing uneven grains in microstructures of
Commercial Mg-Y-Nd based alloys form an the semi-solid slurry prepared by SSIMA process.
important class of alloys used in elevated temperature
3:00 PM
applications. Their macroscopic characteristics
Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)
depend on their microstructure, which can be tailored
Manufactured Ti6Al4V Components-defects/Process
through the alloy composition and the solidification Parameters Correlation: Kalenda Mutombo1; 1CSIR
parameters. In situ synchrotron radiation diffraction A mixture of columnar grains, layer bands and
is a tool to unequivocally follow the phase formation martensitic structure is the typical microstructure
and grain growth during cooling, thus determining the of the LENS parts. The presence of flaws, such as
solidification sequence. In the present study Mg alloys surface roughness, porosity and layer bands and
containing Y and Nd were investigated to characterize residual stresses is strongly affected by the powder
the solidification phenomenon during cooling from characteristics and process parameters. Ti6Al4V
700°C to room temperature. Samples, contained in
LENS manufactured components were analysed using
steel crucibles, were melted in a modified DIL 805
optical, scanning electron microscopy equipped with
A/D dilatometer for in situ synchrotron radiation
X-ray micro-analyser, X-ray tomography and XRD
measurements at the P07 (HEMS) beamline of Petra
analysis. Un-melted or semi-melted particle powder
III, DESY, with the temperature controlled by type S
and chemical surface contamination were revealed.
thermocouples during the measurements. The results
The produced surface finish was relatively rougher.
give an experimental validation of thermodynamic
A mixture of columnar grains, layer bands and fully
calculations and input for refining the existing
martensitic structure was developed. Un-molten
thermodynamic models. This contributes to a better
powder particles, shrinkage cavities and gas porosity
understanding of the microstructure evolution thus to
also developed, due to the large range of powder size
control desirable macroscopic characteristics.
distribution, gas entrapment and remelting associated
2:40 PM with the process. The microstructural analysis revealed
Isothermal Semi-solid Microstructural Evolution columnar grains on XZ or YZ plan and equiaxed grains
of the Extruded Mg-Zn-Gd Magnesium Alloy with on XY plan. Grain size is affected by the traverse speed.
Different Extrusion Ratio by the SSIMA Process: Coarse grains are formed at the top layers due to slow
Guangyu Yang1; Shaojun Liu1; Zhong Yu1; Wanqi Jie1; cooling rate as building moves away from the base.
1
Northwestern Polytechnical University The powder/laser beam interaction, scan velocity, and
Isothermal semi-solid microstructural evolution of laser spot size determined the size of the melt pool and
the extruded Mg-5.5Zn-2Gd-0.6Zr magnesium alloy the final microstructure. Higher laser power and large
with different extrusion ratio by the Simple Strain- spot size produces a mixture of columnar grains and
Induced Melt Activation (SSIMA) Process was studied. equiaxed grains. Low scanning velocity produces large
It is found that the relationship between the average melt pool, however high scanning velocity leads to the
diameter of α (Mg) grains and the isothermal holding smaller melt pool.
time fits the formula d3 - d03=Kt under the condition 3:20 PM
of the same extrusion ratio, where the coarsening rate Mechanical Behavior of Mg AZ31B Alloy
constant K decreases with the increasing extrusion Submitted to ECASE at Room Temperature: Speed
ratio. And isothermal semi-solid microstructural and Processing Route Effects: Daniel Pelaez1; Cesar
evolution process of the experimental alloy sped up Isaza2; Juan Meza2; Patricia Fernandez1; Wociech Z.
with the increasing extrusion ratio, and the roundness Misiolek3; Emigdio Mendoza1; 1Universidad Pontificia
and uniformity of α (Mg) grains also became better. Bolivariana; 2Universidad Nacional de Colombia;
Meanwhile, the coarsening rate of α (Mg) grains 3
Lehigh University, Institute for Metal Forming
decreased with increasing solid volume fraction of the A continuous severe plastic deformation (SPD)
experimental alloy under the condition of the fixed technique called equal-channel angular sheet extrusion
extrusion ratio, which followed the modified liquid (ECASE) was used to mechanically deform an
annealed Magnesium AZ31B alloy. Samples of 2.45 observed among two strengthening mechanisms: grain
mm thickness by 50 mm width by 30 cm in length size variation and precipitation hardening.
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20 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
TUESDAY PM
size distribution and alfa and beta phases distribution Processes, Microstructures, and
and fraction is determined and analyzed. Behavior – Models from Atomistic to
5:00 PM Continuum
Transformation Cycle ß→α’ + α + α”→ß in Program Organizers: Diana Farkas, Virginia
Ti6Al4V Alloy during Thermal Treatment: Kalenda Tech; Eduardo Bringa, CONICET- Universidad
Nacional de Cuyo
Mutombo1; Charles Siyasiya2; Waldo Stumpf Stumpf2;
1
CSIR; 2University of Pretoria Tuesday PM Room: Room 13
The ß-phase transformes to a’, a and a” at specific July 22, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca
temperature within a certain range of temperature Convention Center
from the ß-transus temperature (Tß) to about 600°C,
considering no external stress is applied. An important Session Chair: To Be Announced
conceptual question arise; is the reverse transformation
of a’ possible below the transition point, and could 2:00 PM
the a’-phase still present despite the microstructural Dynamic Finite Element Analysis of Bond Integrity
evolution? Thermal treatments were performed on between Composite Laminates: Scott Poveromo1;
the quenching and deformation dilatometer, however Vladimir Markov2; James Kilpatrick2; Adela Apostol2;
the thermal analysis was carried out in a simultaneous Lizhi Sun1; James Earthman1; 1University of California,
thermal analyzer NETZSCH DSC. On the other hand, Irvine; 2Advanced Systems & Technologies, Inc.
samples were solution treated, water quenched and Conventional nondestructive testing (NDT)
artificially aged at 900°C, 800°C, 700°C, 600°C and techniques used to detect defects in materials are
500°C. SEM equipped with X-ray microanalysis, XRD not able to determine intact bond integrity within a
analysis and TEM were performed on solution treated composite structure and are costly to use on large and
and aged Ti6Al4V samples to investigate the presence complex shaped surfaces. To address this need, new
and transition of ß→α’ + α + α”→ß. The phase technologies are being developed such as guided wave
evolution, phase stability and phase diagram in the inspection and quantitative percussion diagnostics
equilibrium conditions, were simulated and calculated to better quantify bond quality in fiber reinforced
using the thermodynamic calculation software. Two composite materials. Dynamic finite element analysis
types of microstructure were obtained; acicular (FEA) was performed to understand the visco-elastic
martensite when rapidly cooled and lamellar a+ß when behavior of low shear strength adhesive bonds within
slowly cooled from the ß phase field. The sequential secondary bonded composite laminates during different
transformation of ß into a’, a-phase, a2, and a” was transient loadings. FEA models have been used to
revealed as peaks on the coefficient thermal expansion measure changes in peak velocity, displacement, and
curves, however, reversed transformations; a”→ß, and stress as well as their distributions across the bonded
a→ß, on the DSC thermograms. The presence of ß, a’, panels as a function of time. The effects of adhesive
a, a2 and a” was identified by means of XRD and TEM mechanical properties and bond thickness on these
analysis. results were also examined and compared. The model
results are able to show how bond integrity affects the
measured dynamic response of composite panels for
a better understanding and validation of results from
NDT techniques under investigation.
2:20 PM
3D Monte Carlo Simulation of Grain Growth
Kinetics and the Zener Limit in Polycrystals:
Phaneesh Kalale1; Anirudh Bhat2; Kishore Kashyap3;
Gautam Mukherjee4; 1M. S Ramaiah Institute of
Technology; 2Georgia Institute of Technology; 3P.E.S
Institute of Technology; 4Consultant
and 200^3 sizes employing the Metropolis algorithm to Directional Solidification of a Nickel-based
study grain growth behavior. Simulation was carried Single Crystal Superalloy: Lin Liu1; Jun Zhang1;
out to investigate both growth kinetics as well as the 1
Northwestern Polytechnical University
Zener limit in two-phase polycrystals inhibited in The grain selection during single crystal casting of a
growth by second phase particles of single-voxel size. Ni-base superalloy DD403 in spiral grain selector has
Initially the matrices were run to 10,000 MCS to check been simulated by a coupled ProCAST&CAFE model.
the growth kinetics in both single phase and two-phase During the grain selection in starter block, the favorably
materials. Grain growth exponent values obtained as a <001> oriented grains will overgrow the unfavorable
result have shown to be highest (~ 0.4) for mono-phase grains with increasing the distance from chill plate.
materials while the value decreases with addition of When the distance reaches up to 26.0 mm, the grain
second phase particles. Subsequently the matrices density tends to be stable at about 106 m-2 and the
were run to stagnation in the presence of second phase average deviations of grain orientation are decreased
particles of volume fractions ranging from 0.001to 0.1. below 10°. Therefore, it is suggested that the length
Results obtained have shown a cube root dependence of starter block be reduced to around 26.0 mm in this
of the limiting grain size over the particle volume study. During the grain selection in the spiral, the grain
fraction thus reinforcing earlier simulation efforts. It near inside-underside of the spiral passage is usually
was observed that there was not much difference in selected as the final crystal and the boundary between
the values of either growth kinetics or the Zener limit the selected grain and its adjacent grains is parallel to
between 100^3 and 200^3 sized matrices, although the the average direction of heat flux. It is considered that
results improved mildly with size. the joint action of the heat flux and the geometrical
restriction of the spiral passage make great contribution
2:40 PM
to the single crystal selection. An investigation into
3D Stochastic Modeling of Microstructure
the grain orientation selection in spiral grain selectors
Evolution during the Solidification of Alloy 718:
with different geometries reveals that the crystal
Laurentiu Nastac1; Daojie Zhang1; 1The University of
orientation can be optimized by increasing the length
Alabama
and decreasing the width of starter block. However,
An efficient three-dimensional (3D) stochastic
there is not obvious relationship between the crystal
model for simulating the evolution of dendritic
orientation and the parameters of spiral passage.
crystals during the solidification of binary alloys
was developed. The model includes time-dependent 3:20 PM Invited
computations for temperature distribution, solute Macro and Micro-modeling on Squeeze Casting
redistribution in the liquid and solid phases, curvature, of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys: Zhiqiang
and growth anisotropy. 3D mesoscopic computations Han1; Jie Tang1; Guomin Han1; Alan A. Luo2; Anil
at the dendrite tip length scale were performed to K. Sachdev3; Baicheng Liu1; 1Tsinghua University;
simulate the evolution of columnar and equiaxed 2
The Ohio State University; 3General Motors Global
dendritic morphologies as well as columnar-to- Research and Development Center
equiaxed transition in alloy 718 and then compared This paper presents novel research dedicated to
with predictions obtained with 2D mesoscopic macro- and micro-modeling on squeeze casting of
computations. The 3D model can run on PCs with aluminum and magnesium alloys. On the macro-scale,
reasonable amount of RAM and CPU time and a coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model
therefore no parallel computations are needed. It was was developed to simulate the temperature, stress and
observed that the 3D columnar dendritic morphologies shape development during the solidification process
look slightly different than the 2D columnar dendritic of squeeze casting. The model takes into account the
morphologies. However, the predicted 3D equiaxed mutual dependence of interfacial heat transfer and
dendritic morphologies look similar to the 2D equiaxed casting deformation and predicts the pressure variation
dendritic morphologies. inside the casting. On the micro-scale, a quantitative
model for describing the nucleation under thermal and
mechanical dual effect in pressurized solidification
was developed based on classic nucleation theory. A
22 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
cellular automaton model was established to simulate interdendritic cracking susceptibility function (ICSF),
the microstructure evolution during squeeze casting elementary interdendritic area (EIA) and interdendritic
TUESDAY PM
process, where the nucleation rate was calculated distance between a pair of dendrites (IDD). Possible
using the developed nucleation model and the growth solutions to these problems based on the adjustment of
kinetics of the solid-liquid interface was calculated micro-alloying conditions were proposed.
based on an assumption of interface equilibrium
4:40 PM
under pressure. Molecular simulation was conducted
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of the
to explore the effect of pressure on the solid-liquid Interaction between Oxygen Jets and Molten Bath:
interface equilibrium, which is an important scientific Huizhi Wang1; Rong Zhu1; Runzao Liu1; Fuhai Liu1;
aspect of microstructure simulation for squeeze 1
University of Science and Technology Beijing
castings. Furthermore, to fulfill the demand of In this work a transient three-dimensional
developing through-process modeling tools, two- and mathematical model had been developed aimed to
three-dimensional phase field models were developed simulate a 150t top-blown converter using the well
to simulate the precipitation of beta phase at nano- known volume of fluid (VOF) algorithm, which can
scale during aging treatment of magnesium alloy, in be able to accurately simulate the cavity shape and
which the interfacial anisotropy and elastic strain size as well as the flow field in the converter created
energy were considered. The developed models were
by the impinging oxygen jets. These phenomena
validated by using data acquired from squeeze casting
are commonly found no matter in the Basic Oxygen
and heat treatment experiments, and some examples
Furnace (BOF) or the Electric Arc Furnace (EAF).
for demonstrating the capability or potential industrial
The results show that, lance height,slag thickness
applications of the models are also presented.
and oxygen flow rate have significant influence on
4:00 PM Break flow field and cavity shape formed by the impinging
4:20 PM oxygen jets.However, the main objective is to
Micro-alloying and Macrosegregation Coupled develop a correlation between different operating
Phenomena for Interdendritic Longitudinal conditions and cavity area, which has not previously
Midface Surface Crack Formation in Continuous been reported in the literature. Moreover, it is found
Casting of Steel: Mostafa El-Bealy1; 1Ain Shams that the simulation results of cavity depths are in
agreement with the empirical relationships developed
University
by predecessors in the literatures.The cavity depth
The effect of different alloying elements on the
increases with the decreasing lance height, decreasing
micro-scale on the formation of interdendritic
slag thickness and increasing oxygen flow rate. further
longitudinal midface surface cracks in continuously
industrial tests should also be needed for the accurate
cast steel slabs has been investigated. The investigation
measurement to investigate the relationships among
combined plant trials, metallographic examination of
decarburization,splash and cavity shape influenced by
slab samples and mathematical modeling. A number
different operating conditions.Keywords: mathematical
of plant trials have been performed in Egyptian
model, oxygen jets, cavity shape,operating conditions
Iron and Steel Company to collect the samples. The
metallographic investigation of collected samples 5:00 PM
contains macro-examination and measurements Formation Processes of Aluminosilicate Nanotubes
of macrosegrgation distributions under different (Imogolite): Rafael Gonzalez1; Felipe Valencia2;
micro-alloying conditions. Also, a one dimensional Ricardo Ramirez3; Miguel Kiwi4; Jose Rogan4; Juan
mathematical model has been developed to predicted A. Valdivia4; Francisco Muñoz4; 1Departamento de
heat transfer, solidification and interdendritic cracking Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile;
phenomena during solidification of low carbon steels. 2
Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias,
The model predications point out that micro-alloying Universidad de Chile and Centro para el Desarrollo
element technique has a signification on the mould de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnologia; 3Pontificia
macrosegregation distribution and therefore affects Universidad Catolica de Chile And Centro para el
the initial stages of this surface crack. The mechanism Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnologia
of interdendritic longitudinal mid-face cracking CEDENNA; 4Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de
phenomenon and micro-alloying technique was Ciencias, Universidad de Chile And Centro para el
analyzed using the El-Bealy’s cracking criteria such as Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnologia,
dynamics simulations with LAMMPS software and dissipated in a cycle. The results of this research will
using the CLAYFF force field, different factors to better be used for a further research to evaluate the viability
understand the monodisperse in diameter behavior of of this hybrid masonry as an alternative seismic lateral-
aluminosilicate nanotubes, also known as imogolite. load resisting system.
The imogolite was discovered in the late 1960s in 5:40 PM
volcanic soils, and in 1977 a protocol for their synthesis Structural Evaluation of Flexible Low-traffic Road
was published. Based on experimental evidence, we can Pavements Using Data Mining: Leonardo Flores
say that imogolite nanotubes are highly monodisperse Gonzalez1; Víctor Rojas Yupanqui1; Pedro Espinoza
in diameter, regardless of diversity of the synthesis Haro1; Jose Matías León1; 1Universidad Nacional de
conditions reported. Furthermore, it has been reported Ingeniería
that synthetic imogolite has a diameter at least 10% In Peru, only 13.3% of its roads are paved and 82%
greater than the natural. Starting from an idealized of all roads are departmental or local. The government
flat imogolite model we simulated the hypothetical has invested 2751 million of dollars in transport and
self-rolling for different dimensions, temperatures and communications last year. A policy of road maintenance
both, vacuum and immersed in water. We conclude that
management which incorporates numerical techniques
temperature plays an important role in the synthesis of
to determine the structural road condition order to
nanotubes, but more importantly it seems the presence
preserve the investment is required. This research
of an aqueous medium in the formation process. The
proposes a methodology for the diagnostic of the
latter may explain why natural imogolite has a smaller
pavement structural condition based on artificial
diameter than the synthetic.
neural network as a highly efficient computational
5:20 PM model to deal with complicated pavement structural
A Passive Energy Dissipator for Essential Buildings behavior without using nonlinear formulations. The
of Confined Masonry Walls: Víctor Rojas Yupanqui1; implementation of this technique on low-level traffic
Leonardo Flores Gonzalez1; Pedro Espinoza Haro1; roads is shown. Data mining analysis is performed to
Carlos Zavala Toledo1; 1Universidad Nacional de identify the needs of road repair or maintenance by
Ingeniería using Benkelman beam or LWD nondestructive testing
Confined masonry walls are used as structural measurements. Low-level traffic roads are generally
elements for the dwelling design in seismic regions. provided by the subgrade (natural ground) and a
From the construction and economical point of view, stabilized base of granular materials. This research is
a confined masonry structure is the most appropriate a pioneer initiative of data mining approach in civil
construction system of low-height buildings in high- engineering management in Peru.
seismic regions in the Third World countries. Typical
experimental results on masonry panels demonstrate
that the maximum drift is reached with a significant
cracking pattern which is not acceptable in the case
of essential buildings such as schools and local
health care facilities. These types of buildings have
to be in service immediately after the occurrence of a
destructive seismic. Steel plate devices are proposed
to be implemented into masonry walls which behave
as fuses in order to reduce the damage on this kind
of structure. Buckling analysis is performed for pre
dimensioning of this device and Post buckling analysis
and numerical model based on Finite Element Analysis
are implemented to determine the effectiveness of
this shear device for passive energy dissipation. Its
performance is verified by an experimental program of
cyclic test. This device called ZBEDD, Zavala Blower
24 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
TUESDAY PM
Processing of Minerals will be highlighted along with quantification of the
Program Organizers: Fernando Lins, Centro associated economics.
de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM; Alejandro
Valdivieso, Universidad Autonoma of San Luis 3:00 PM
Potosi; Claudio Schneider, Centro de Tecnologia Beneficiation of Tellurium Minerals from Ultralow
Mineral, CETEM; Shaoxian Song, Wuhan
University of Technology Grade Tellurium Ore by Flotation: Xiong Tong1;
1
Kunming University of Science and Technology
Tuesday PM Room: Room 15 The tellurium ore sample containing 0.095%Te,
July 22, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca 0.42%Bi, 0.18%Cu and 0.8g/t Au was subjected to this
Convention Center experimental study and taken from Sichuan province,
China. The studies were concentrated on producing
Session Chairs: Fernando Lins, CETEM; Alejandro tellurium concentrates by flotation. In the experiments,
Lopez Valdivieso, Universidad Autonoma San Luis the effects of different parameters such as fineness
de Potosi; Shaoxian Song, Wuhan University of of grind, amount of depressor, amount of collector,
Technology and number of stages were investigated in relation
to the metal contents and flotation efficiencies. A
2:00 PM Invited tellurium concentration with 4.00% Te was produced
A Critical Assessment of the Clay Resource in with 87.58% recovery as a result of one rough-four
Brazil for Building Construction Materials: Sergio cleaners-one scavengers flotation experiment carried
Monteiro1; Carlos Mauricio Vieira2; 1Military Institute out with the particle size of 74µm-85%, with rough
of Engineering ; 2LAMAV/UENF concentrate re-grounded to the particle size of 45µm-
Clay ceramic objects have been traditionally 85%, with 2000g/t mixed depresses sodium carbonate
fabricated by burning processes at relatively high and sodium silicate, 60g/t DDTC and 30g/t pine oil.
temperatures. Today, an ever increasing amount of 3:20 PM
building construction materials such as tiles, bricks, Challenges in Iron Ore Flotation: Armando Correa
blocks and pipes are being fabricated by firing clay de Araujo1; Diego Arenare1; Marcela Gotelip Barbosa1;
ceramics. Throughout the planet, deposits are being 1
ArcelorMittal
depleted and shortage of clay is occurring in many parts Iron ore fines have been processed by flotation
of the world. Actually, to protect the clay resources, for quite some time. It is a widespread application
some countries like China have started to limit the of the technique, with plants in operation in almost
use of pieces made form clay. Currently in Brazil, the all continents. Another interesting aspect refers to
production of clay ceramics for civil construction is the large variety of minerals separated. Reverse
exponentially increasing but no governmental action is flotation of quartz is the most common application,
taken to face future shortage. Therefore, the objective but other gangue minerals ranging from complex
of this work is to present a critical assessment of the silicates, phosphates, carbonates and sulfides are also
Brazilian clay resource. It is revealed that, based processed. In general, very good quality concentrates
on official estimation, the available clay deposits can be produced. Nevertheless, several factors make
might be exhausted within the next two decades. The stable operation difficult such as feed mineralogical
consequences and possible actions to mitigate the clay variations as well as variation of process water quality
depletion are discussed. which can affect product quality and recovery. Another
2:40 PM important characteristic in almost all applications
Alkaline Sulfide Leaching and Recovery of Gold: relates to particle size. Coarse and ultrafine particles
Corby Anderson1; 1Colorado School of Mines are the size ranges that bring most concern. It is
In many parts of the world, cyanide use is restricted. interesting to observe that in certain plants the presence
As well, many new gold orebodies are refractory due to of ultrafines in flotation feed can represent a complete
carbonate content, pregrobbing and excessive cyanide loss of control and selectivity. However, very selective
consumption. The alkaline sulfide hydrometallurgical separation can be achieved even when extremely
system offers a viable alternative. This paper will fine feed, without desliming, is fed to other flotation
plants. Coarse particles, especially in plants using
reverse flotation to remove quartz and other silicates, determination of breakage and selection functions
can prove to be very difficult to float. Sometimes the do exist. Two of them are associated to scale-up
TUESDAY PM
only solution is to combine high frequency screening procedures, namely Herbst-Fuerstenau and Austin.
to ascertain their removal. This paper will briefly map The H-F procedure has the advantage of being loosely
all applications of flotation in the field of iron ores defined, the only real requirements are the measurement
and point out alternatives in terms of chemicals and of grinding power and test conditions that reflect the
flotation technologies that could transform challenges operating condition of the mill that is being scaled-up
into productivity and selectivity gains. such as an equilibrium ball charge, reasonable powder
3:40 PM filling and a constant ratio of particle size/make-up
Characterization Procedure for the Determination ball size. The chief disadvantage is that the abnormal
of Breakage and Selection Functions: Claudio breakage region of the selection function is not well
Schneider1; Thaís Duque2; 1Centro de Tecnologia characterized and the mill must be scaled-up in the
Mineral, CETEM; 2CETEM/MCTI normal breakage region. Austin’s characterization
Several characterization procedures for the procedure has the advantage of being robust and the
determination of breakage and selection functions selection function is characterized in both the normal
do exist. Two of them are associated to scale-up and abnormal breakage regions so that the mill may be
procedures, namely Herbst-Fuerstenau and Austin. scaled-up to operate with any feed size distribution and
The H-F procedure has the advantage of being loosely make-up ball size. The chief disadvantage is that the
defined, the only real requirements are the measurement interactions between particles of different size and the
of grinding power and test conditions that do reflect media may go undetected in this test. Also, Austin’s
the operating condition of the mill that is being scaled- characterization procedure is more laborious and time
up such as an equilibrium ball charge, reasonable consuming when compared to the Herbst-Fuerstenau
powder filling and a constant ratio of particle size/ procedure. In this work a hybrid characterization
make-up ball size. The chief disadvantage is that it is procedure is proposed that has all the advantages
best to stay out of the abnormal breakage region of the of the Herbst-Fuerstenau and Austin’s procedures,
selection function and the mill must be scaled-up in and none of the disadvantages. It does require more
the normal breakage region. Austin’s characterization sample mass and more labor than the H-F procedure
procedure has the advantage of being robust and the but, like Austin’s, produces comprehensive selection
selection function is characterized in both the normal function information and is sensitive to the interactions
and abnormal breakage regions so that the mill may between the different particle sizes that are present in
be scaled-up to operate with any feed size distribution the charge.
and make-up ball size. The chief disadvantage is 4:20 PM Break
that the interactions between particles of different
4:40 PM
size and the media may go undetected in this test.
Hydrophobic Agglomeration of Fine Molybdenite
Also, Austin’s characterization procedure is far more
Particles in Aqueous Suspensions: Bingqiao Yang1;
laborious and time consuming when compared to the
Shaoxian Song2; Alejandro Lopez Valdivieso1;
Herbst-Fuerstenau procedure. In this work a hybrid 1
Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi; 2Wuhan
characterization procedure is proposed that has all
University of Technology
the advantages of the Herbst-Fuerstenau and Austin’s
Molybdenite is a naturally hydrophobic mineral and is
procedures, and none of the disadvantages. It does
generally concentrated by froth flotation. However, the
require more sample mass and more labor than the H-F
hydrophobicity decreased as the reduction of particle
procedure but, like Austin’s, produces comprehensive
size, leading to low separation efficiency. In addition,
selection function information and is sensitive to the
conventional flotation is not effective for particles
interactions between the different particle sizes that are
less than 10 µm. Enlarging particle size is an effective
present in the charge. way to improve the poor flotation response, which
4:00 PM can be realized through hydrophobic agglomeration
Characterization Procedure for the Determination of mineral fines in aqueous suspension. In this work,
of Breakage and Selection Functions: Claudio the hydrophobic agglomeration of molybdenite
Schneider1; 1Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM fines in aqueous suspensions were studied through
Several characterization procedures for the turbidity method and microscopy observations. The
26 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
study revealed that hydrophobic agglomeration is an composites were synthesized by direct melt reaction
effective method to agglomerate molybdenite fines. between Al and CuO, and the synthesis process was
TUESDAY PM
Good hydrophobic agglomeration of molybdenite fines assisted with indirect ultrasonic treatment. The results
could be achieved by applying a high speed stirring for show that ultrasonic treatment can promote the
a short time. A small amount of emulsified kerosene particle-formation reaction. With ultrasonic treatment,
significantly enhanced hydrophobic agglomeration of Al2O3 particles were about 1-2µm in diameter and
molybdenite fines. The higher the kerosene dosage, the particles distributed uniformly both in the grains
the more compact the agglomerate structure. Radial and the grain boundaries. Furthermore, the quantity
impeller resulted in better hydrophobic agglomeration of Al2O3 particles with ultrasonic treatment was more
than radial impeller due to more powerful shearing than that without ultrasonic treatment. The optimal
action in the impeller zone. temperature of indirect ultrasonic treatment is about
665-675°C. The heating and isothermal holding
5:00 PM
process after ultrasonic treatment is beneficial to
Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization of
the dispersion of Al2O3 particles. The promotion of
a Phlogopitite for Application as Rock Fertilizers:
in situ reaction is mainly due to acoustic streaming
Isabella Souza1; Marisa Monte1; Mariana Souza2;
effect and acoustic cavitation effect during ultrasonic
Claudio Schneider1; 1CETEM; 2UFRJ
treatment. Because these two effects can improve
Potassium is a macronutrient of deep importance
wettability between Al melt and CuO powder and can
for the development and control of enzymatic activity
disperse the agglomerate CuO powder. The essence
of the plants. Thus, minerals that have high levels of
of the promotion is the optimization of kinetic and
this element may be useful for the direct application to
thermodynamic environment in the reaction.
potassium-poor soils. Phlogopitite was the rock used
in this study and the availability of K+ was studied 5:40 PM
after comminution and classification of the material The Interaction Mechanism of Sodium-diisobutyl
in different particle sizes. The Characterization was Dithiophosphinate with Sulfide Minerals: Hong
carried out in all size ranges through Mineralogical Zhong1; 1Central South University
(X Ray Diffraction – XRD) and Chemical analysis (X The interaction mechanism of sodium-diisobutyl
Ray Fluorescence – XRF). XRF revealed a medium dithiophosphinate (DTPINa) with chalcopyrite, pyrite,
level concentration of K2O (7,4%) corresponding to galena and sphalerite was investigated using single
3,7% of K+ distributed in all sizes of particles. The mineral flotation experiments, adsorption capacity
release of K+ was investigated in terms of particle measurements, UV and FTIR spectrum analysis.
size, using the Merlich-1 solution and boiled water as Single mineral flotation experiments showed that
extractor solutions and the most efficient extraction sodium-diisobutyl dithiophosphinate had a very strong
was obtained in -63+45 µm size levels, with an collecting ability and selectivity to sulfide minerals.
extraction of 343 mg K+/kg of Ktotal present in the In the separation process of chalcopyrite and pyrite,
rock fraction. Kinetic release tests were performed the recovery of chalcopyrite could reach 96.2 % when
using water as extractor solution in terms of size of the the dosage of DTPINa was 12 mg/L and pH value was
particle and applying some organic acid as extractant 8, while the recovery of pyrite was as low as 13.5 %.
in terms of size -63+45 µm. In the kinetic test using In the separation process of galena and sphalerite,
water as extractor solution, the maximum extraction the recovery of galena could reach 91.7 % when the
occurred at 12 hours of contact (2586,21 mg K+/kg dosage of DTPINa was 30 mg/L and pH value was 11,
Ktotal). The kinetic test using some organic acid as while the recovery of sphalerite was as low as 16.9 %
extractant showed the fumaric acid as the one with the which is sufficient to achieve the lead-zinc separation
best efficiency of extraction, reaching the maximum goal. DTPINa absorbed on chalcopyrite and galena
liberation of 2125,0 mg K+/kg Ktotal. surface were more than that on pyrite and sphalerite
surface. And the adsorption capacity of DTPINa on
5:20 PM
the minerals surface was proportional to the dosage
Synthesis of Particle Reinforced Al2O3/Al
of DTPINa. The UV spectrum analysis indicated that
Composites with Thermit Reaction and Ultrasonic
DTPINa reacted with Ni2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Pb2+ and
Treatment: Shusen Wu1; S. Lü1; N. Jia1; Q. Gao1;
Zn2+. The FTIR spectrum analysis showed that the
1
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
adsorption of DTPINa on sulfide minerals surface was
In situ Al2O3 particle reinforced Al matrix
a chemical process and the S atoms in -P=S and –SNa of deformation twinning, that persists after extreme
may had taken part in the reaction. What’s more, the strains and prevails over the entire bulk. Mechanical
chemical interaction with pyrite and sphalerite was behavior as evaluated via micropillar compression,
much weaker, which may be due to the selectivity of nanoindentation, and bulk tension/compression will be
DTPINa. The conducted natural ores experiments also discussed in terms of the effects of interfacial structure
confirmed the excellent performance of DTPINa. and content on deformation processes at diminishing
length scales, and defect/interface interactions at the
atomic scale. This discovery proves that interfaces can
4. Composites and Hybrid Materials be designed within bulk nanostructured composites
– Metal Matrix Composites and to radically outperform previously prepared bulk
Characterization nanocrystalline materials with respect to both
mechanical and thermal stability.
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28 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
WEDNESDAY AM
Recently FIB-SEM systems have been improved to composite systems that meet these requirements: (i) a
provide greater material contrast at very low electron micro-scale composite with spherical copper particles
beam voltages. The combination of these techniques in In matrix; and (ii) a nano-composite TIM comprising
has been applied to a number of composite materials aligned copper nano-wires in In matrix. The micro-
to reveal sub-surface composition, extract site- composite was fabricated and joined to Cu substrates
specific-lamella and to construct 3D models (where via a single-step liquid-phase sintering cum joining
volume fractions and interrelationships of materials process at 165°C for 60s. The nano-composite was
can be clearly illustrated). Techniques to overcome fabricated by electrodepositing Cu nano-wire arrays
the obstacles will be discussed that can be applied to on a Cu substrate through a porous alumina template,
similarly challenging composite materials. followed by filling the arrays with electrodeposited In,
9:20 AM Break and consolidation and bonding with Cu substrates via
a short reflow at 165°C for 60s. In both composites,
9:40 AM Invited the reinforcement-matrix interfaces were modified
Accurate Material Microstructure Reconstruction by depositing a 1nm atomic-layer deposited (ALD)
from Limited-angle Projections via Stochastic alumina (to serve as a diffusion barrier) and 20nm Au
Optimization: Hechao Li1; Nikhilesh Chawla1; Yang (to act as a wetting enhancer). At a bondline thickness
Jiao1; 1Arizona State University of 100 microns, the micro-TIM joints showed joint
An accurate knowledge of the complex microstructure thermal resistance of less than 3.2 mm2 K/W, and
of a heterogeneous material is crucial to its design and a thermal conductivity of about 133 W/m-K. The
performance optimization. X-ray tomography has thermal conductivity of the interfacially engineered
provided a non-destructive means for microstructure TIM joints are remarkably stable after prolonged
characterization in 3D and 4D (i.e., structural aging. The nano-composite TIMs are expected to
evolution over time). Commonly used tomographic demonstrate even better properties by providing direct
reconstruction techniques such as filtered-back- conduits for rapid thermal transport between the Cu
projection method usually require a large number of substrates via the continuous Cu nanowires. Details
projections for accurate structure renditions. Here, we of processing, microstructure and interfacial design, as
present a stochastic procedure to accurately reconstruct well as analysis of thermal properties will be presented.
material microstructure from limited-angle projections
10:40 AM
and demonstrate its utility by reconstructing a number
Mechanical and Oxidation Performances of In Situ
of distinct material microstructures and elucidating
Hybrid (TiCp+TiBw)/Ti6Al4V Composites with
the information content of different projection data
Novel Network Microstructure: Lin Geng1; L.J.
sets. We find that only a small number of projections
Huang; Y. Fu1; Y. Hu1; C. Liu1; 1Harbin Institute of
(e.g., 20 - 40) are necessary for accurate material
Technology
reconstructions via our stochastic procedure, which
In order to obtain a combination of oxidation
indicates its high efficiency in using limited structural
resistance and mechanical property, in situ hybrid
information available. The ramifications of the
TiC particles and TiB whiskers reinforced Ti6Al4V
stochastic reconstruction procedure in 4D materials
science are also discussed. ((TiCp+TiBw)/Ti64) composites with a novel network
microstructure are successfully fabricated by two-step
low energy milling and reaction hot pressing (RHP). arm spacing increases when the dendrite orientation is
TiCp and TiBw reinforcements with different volume consistent with the axial.
ratio are in situ synthesized around the large Ti64 matrix
11:20 AM
particles, and subsequently formed into hybrid TiCp
Preparation of High-strength High-ductility Nano-
and TiBw network microstructure. Moreover, TiC
sized SiC Particle Reinforced AZ91D Magnesium
particles self-assemble to compact TiCp wall in the
Matrix Composite: Wenzhen Li1; Congyang Zhang1;
network boundary; while TiB whiskers grow across Rongyu Feng1; 1Tsinghua University
TiCp wall as dowel connectors which can effectively Nano-sized SiC particle reinforced AZ91D
link the adjacent Ti64 matrix particles. The bending magnesium matrix composites (n-SiCp/AZ91D) were
strength of the novel composites increases while the fabricated by ultrasonic dispersion assisted casting
oxidation resistance decreases with increasing volume and appropriate heat treatment. Microstructure and
fraction of TiBw. The oxidation resistance of the
WEDNESDAY AM
30 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
and high-temperature mechanical property of TiAl are widely used for implant materials in the medical
alloy and 20Ti2AlN/TiAl composites under different and dental applications because of their superior
deformation temperatures and strain rates were studied. biocompatibility and corrosion resistance compared
The feature of true stress - true strain curve and the with other metal alloy. Therefore, Ti-6Al-4V has toxic
relationship between high-temperature compressive elements (Al and V). Despite a number of favorable
strength and deformation parameters were analyzed. characteristics, cpTi as a reconstruction and oral
The mechanisms of hot compressive deformation implant material has several shortcomings. The main
and of strengthening of Ti2AlN/TiAl composites disadvantage of cp Ti is its low strength resistance.
were attempted to reveal through this study. The The ultrafine grained (UFG) commercially pure Ti
results showed that the compressive strengths of TiAl developed for implant materials to date are described
alloy and Ti2AlN/TiAl composites with full lamellar in this paper. The characteristics of the oxide layer
microstructure decreased with temperature increasing, of commercial pure titanium (Grade-2), (Grade-4),
WEDNESDAY AM
and increased with strain rates increasing; Compared ultrafine grained (Grade 4) and Ti-6Al-4V alloy (Grade
with TiAl alloy, the increment of compressive strength 5) are under evaluation according to its thickness,
of composites increased greatly at lower temperature prevalence of rutile oxide, possible contamination
and lower strain rates and at higher temperature and and influence in surface wettability and corrosion
higher strain rates; its maximum came up to 50% resistance. The chemical composition, wettability,
under the deformation conditions of 1100°C and oxide layer thickness and homogeneity, corrosion
0.1s-1. Based on the strength of TiAl alloy, a three- potentials and polarization curves were characterized
dimension state graph of the relationship between using XRD, XPS, TEM, SEM and water contact angle
the strengthening effect, the deformation temperature (WCA). After acid etching the UFG Ti presents a more
and the strain rate of composites was established. The homogeneous and thicker native oxide layer when
graph can be used to characterize the relationship compared with other commercial pure and titanium
between strengthening increment and hot deformation alloy. UFG titanium should reveal an enhancement
parameters of composites. of its corrosion resistance, possibly due to changes in
growing oxide layer, and its wettability may be also
increased revealing lowest contact angles than the
5. Biomaterials, Smart Materials, and others titanium samples.
Structures – Titanium in Medicine and 8:20 AM
Dentistry Surface Treatment of New Titanium Alloys: Ana
Program Organizers: Carlos Elias, Instituto Paula Alves Claro1; 1UNESP
Militar de Engenharia; Po-Yu Chen, National
Tsing Hua University; Roger Narayan, UNC/ In the last years, titanium and its alloys have
NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical been used for biomedical applications such as dental
Engineering implants, hip joint prostheses and others. Many
Wednesday AM Room: Room 13 different compositions have been studied with
July 23, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca excellent bulk properties. However, these materials
Convention Center are considered bioinerts, i e, when they are inserted
in body do not occurs chemical interaction. Surface
Session Chairs: Roger Naryan, UNC/NCSU; Carlos treatments can be used for change this response.
Grandini, UNESP; Telmo Strohaecker, Universidade Mechanical, physical and chemical treatments are
Federal do Rio Grande do Sul used for promote a better interaction between body
and implant. Chemical treatments have been studied
by our group with excellent results for Ti30Ta, Ti7.5Mo
8:00 AM
and Ti15Mo alloys. These alloys exhibited excellent
Ultrafine Grained Commercially Pure Ti for
mechanical properties such as low elastic modulus
Biomedical Applications: Carlos Elias1; Daniel
and high fatigue strength. Nanotubes growth and
Fernandes1; Sérgio Monteiro1; Marc Meyers2; Ruslan
Biomimetic surface treatment produced a hydrophilic
Valiev3; 1Instituto Militar de Engenharia; 2California
surface with better cell attachment and bone ingrowth.
University at San Diego; 3Ufa State Aviation Tech
University
Commercially pure Ti (cp Ti) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys
9:20 AM Break
was investigated. The anodization process was realized
in an electrolyte solution containing 0.2M NH4F and 9:40 AM
glycerol at 30V for 4,5,6 and 7 hours [3]. The nanotube Fatigue Study of Pure Titanium with Different
layer was annealed in an oxygen ambient furnace at Surface Modifications: Leonardo Campanelli1; Laís
530 ºC (5º C/min) for 1 hour. The Ti-30Ta alloy surface Duarte1; Guilherme Zepon1; Paulo Sergio da Silva1;
were investigated using scanning electron microscopy Claudemiro Bolfarini1; 1Federal University of São
(SEM), contact angle measurement, atomic force Carlos
microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The effect of distinct surface treatments, including
The results indicated that the anodization process on polishing, anodic oxidizing and electrodeposited
Ti-30Ta alloy was highly influenced by time duration. and biomimetic hydroxyapatite coatings, on the
SEM images confirm results of a parameter-driven fatigue behavior of commercially pure titanium was
surface topography. The time influenced the shape and investigated. Axial fatigue tests were performed with
amount of the nanotuber formation. The crystalline stepwise increases of the applied load under standard
phase of TiO2 nanotube array was the same for all atmospheric condition, as well as in a physiological
conditions. The water-drop method identified a saline solution at 37°C, and scanning electron
hydrophilic interface, which is preferable for eliciting microscopy was employed to evaluate the fracture
a favorable environment for cellular interaction. surfaces of the tested samples. Fatigue strength was
increased for all surface treatments when compared
9:00 AM to the polished condition. Under the simulated body
Evaluation of Results of Tests Torques Insertion fluid, although a reduction was observed in relation to
and Removal of Bone Screws: Everton Pizzio1; Telmo the testing in air, fatigue strength remained constant for
Strohaecker1; Rafael Trommer2; 1UFRGS; 2INMETRO any surface condition.
The objective will be to study the torque required
to insert a pedicle screw synthetic standard.This test 10:00 AM
method is used to measure the torque required to rotate Effect of the Substitutional Elements and Oxygen
a bone screw into a standard material which performs in Selected Mechanical Properties of the Ti-Mo-Zr
the function of bone substitute (rigid polyurethane System for Biomedical Application: Diego Correa1;
foam 40 degree PCF code 1522-05) according to Fábio Vicente1; Mariana Lourenço1; Pedro Kuroda1;
ASTM F1839 - Standard Specification for Rigid Raul Araújo1; Carlos Grandini1; 1UNESP - Univ.
Polyurethane Foam for Use Standard for Testing Estadual Paulista
Materials Orthopedic Devices and Instruments and Titanium alloys have excellent biocompatibility and
to evaluate the mechanical properties as torsional combined with their low elasticity modulus become
components. According to ASTM F 543 - Standard more efficient when applied in orthopedic prostheses.
Specification and Test Methods for Metallic Medical Among the properties that are beneficial for use as
Bone Screws recommends test blocks were used in orthopedic implant stands out the elasticity modulus,
accordance with ASTM F 1839 and a clamp attached closely connected to the crystal structure of the material.
to the screw head.There are several papers studying the Samples of Ti-Mo-Zr system alloys were prepared in
properties of insertion / removal of orthodontic mini- arc-melting furnace with argon atmosphere. The ingots
screws or orthopedic. Such articles comply with the were submitted to hot-rolling (1273 K and air cooling)
32 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
and homogenization heat treatment (1273 K for 24 hours 0, 2012/17944-9) and grants (proc. 2012/01652-9) that
and slow cooling). The chemical quantitative analysis made this work possible.
was determined by optical emission spectrometer with
10:40 AM
inductively coupled plasma and EDS. To obtain the Synthesis and Characterization of Biomedical Ti-
amount of oxygen in the material, gas analysis was Ta-Nb-Mn Foam: Claudio Aguilar1; Carolina Guerra1;
performed by thermoconductivity difference. The Mariette Arancibia1; Christopher Salvo1; Sheila
x-ray diffractograms allied with optical and scanning Lascano1; Thirumurugan Muthiah1; Danny Guzman2;
electron microscopy reveal about the structure and Paula Rojas3; Carola Martinez3; 1Universidad Técnica
microstructure of the samples. The mechanical Federico Santa María; 2Universidad de Atacama;
analysis was evaluated by Vickers microhardness and 3
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Young’s modulus measurements. The structure and The average age and life expectancy of human
microstructure of alloys were sensitive of Mo and
WEDNESDAY AM
beings have been continuously increased producing
Zr concentration, presenting the a’, a” and ß phases. degenerative diseases, which lead to degradation of
The mechanical properties changed with the Mo and the mechanical properties of the bone. Ti-based alloys
Zr addition and easurements of the elasticity modulus are the beneficial materials to replace the damaged
showed that the samples have lower values than cp- bone due to their excellent mechanical properties,
Ti, indicating that these ternary alloys are good for
corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Moreover,
biomedical application. (Financial support: Capes,
their stiffness is higher than human bones. This work
CNPq and FAPESP).
study the effect of Manganese (Mn) on mechanical
10:20 AM properties in compression of Ti-13%Ta-30%Nb-
Obtainment of Nanotubes on Biomedical Ti cp: x%Mn (x: 2, 4 and 6 wt.%) foam. The Ti-based
Nilson Oliveira1; Julia Verdério1; Anahi Aparecida1; alloys have been synthesized by mechanical alloying
Claudemiro Bolfarini1; 1Universidade Federal de São in a planetary milling for 50 h. The metallic foam
Carlos - UFSCar / Dep. Eng. Materiais - DEMa are achieved through space holder method, where
It is known that the biological response to an implant ammonium hydrogen carbonate (50%v/v) are used
and its success depends on the physico-chemical and as space holder. The green compacts were obtained
biological properties of its surface. As Ti it is considered by applying 430 MPa pressure. . To remove the space
a bioinert material, that is, it does not bind chemically holder from the matrix the green compacts heated to
to living organism, it is necessary to use methods of 180°C for 1.5 h and after sintered at 1300°C for 3 h
surface modification to improve the biological activity in Ar atmosphere. Further the Ti foam have been
of these materials and facilitate the bone formation. characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and
Nanostructured surfaces can increase the bioactivity transmission electron microscopy. The elastic modulus
of an implant, and the formation of ordered nanotubes values of 5 to 20GPa results in uniaxial compression
can improve the osseointegration of Ti implants. The test. The mechanical properties changes with the
goal of the present study was to obtain self-organized amount Mn in composition.
nanotubes on the surface of Ti cp, optimizing 11:00 AM
the experimental conditions for the obtention of Obtainment of Nanotubes on Biomedical Ti-Mo
nanotubes, with different diameters and geometries for Alloys by Electrochemical Anodization: Nilson
implants applications. The nanotubes were obtained Oliveira1; Julia Verdério1; Claudemiro Bolfarini1;
by electrochemical anodization, applying 10 and 20V 1
Universidade Federal de São Carlos - UFSCar / Dep.
during 1h in glycerol + H2O (50:50) + NaF 0,3M Eng. Materiais - DEMa
solution on Ti cp. SEM analysis of the surfaces after Titanium and some of its alloys become interesting
anodization showed that it was possible to obtain self- materials for orthopedic and dental implants, mainly
organized nanotubes on Ti cp, with the experimental
α-type alloys (more recently), due to their appropriate
conditions and electrochemical parameters used. It
electrochemical and mechanical properties.
is possible to verify that the nanotubes were highly
Nanostructurated surfaces can increase the bioactivity
organized, presenting circular and well-defined
of an implant, and also the formation of ordered
geometry. Their diameters were proportional to the
nanotubes can improve the osseointegration of Ti
applied potential. Acknowledgments: The authors are
implants. Electrochemical anodization of tita nium is
grateful to FAPESP for scholarships (proc. 2012/11350-
one of the most commonly technique used to prepare
to the applied potential and do not change significantly from giant bamboo (Dendrocalmus Giganteus) may
with the Mo content of the alloy, been approximately be considered a strong material. In spite of the great
15 nm for 40V and 28 nm for 55V, for all alloys. number of both scientific and technological works on
The results showed that, it was possible to obtain bamboo fibers, studies regarding giant bamboo fiber
nanotubes on new developed biomedical Ti-Mo incorporated into epoxy matrix are still to be done.
alloys.Acknowledgments: The authors are grateful Therefore, the objective of this work was to investigate
to FAPESP for scholarships (proc. 2012/11350-0, the mechanical properties in bending tests of epoxy
2012/17944-9) and grants (2012/01652-9) that made composites incorporated with up to 30% in volume
this work possible. of giant bamboo fibers. Scanning electron microscopy
11:20 AM analyses were carried out to support this investigation.
The results showed that the giant bamboo fibers
Effect of Anodization Parameters in Formation of
increase the flexural strength of polymeric composites.
TiO2 Nanotubes on Ti-7.5Mo Alloy Surface: Ana
Lúcia Escada1; Ana Paula Alves Claro1; 1UNESP –
Univ Estadual Paulista
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys are widely used 7. Processing of Materials – Materials
to manufacture dental implants and maxillofacial Processing I
Program Organizers: Olivia Graeve, University
and orthopedic prostheses due to their excellent of California, San Diego; L. Murr, University of
mechanical properties, low specific weight, high Texas at El Paso; Andre Tschiptschin, University
resistance to corrosion, and high biocompatibility. of Sao Paulo
Titanium based alloys with different compositions, Wednesday AM Room: Room 12
such as Ti-7.5Mo, Ti-10Mo, Ti-15Mo and Ti-13Nb- July 23, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca
13Zr, have been studied for biomedical applications. Convention Center
In this study, the effects of parameters such as the
applied potential difference, time and annealing Session Chair: Andre Tschiptschin, Universidade de
temperature on nanotube formation were evaluated. Sao Paulo
The morphology of the nanotubes was analyzed using
scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), atomic
8:00 AM Invited
force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle and thin-
Tracking Magnetic Dopants in Oxide Ceramics:
film X-ray diffraction (XRD). Self-organized ordered
The Role of Surfaces and Grain Boundaries: Ivar
nanostructures were formed on a Ti-7.5Mo alloy
Reimanis1; 1Colorado School of Mines
surface from the electrolyte (glycerol/NH4F) for all
Small amounts of dopants and additives are known
conditions. The potential was observed to affect the
to dramatically influence sintering, microstructure
diameter of the nanotubes, while their length was
modified based on the time of the anodization. The development, and properties of ceramics, and grain
presence of anatase and rutile phases was affected by boundaries and surfaces frequently play an important
the annealing temperature. role. Magnetometry provides an excellent tool
to study this influence because markedly different
magnetic responses are elicited for doped ceramics
34 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
in different material states: (1) the undoped ceramic; This presentation will highlight different approaches
(2) metallic ions in solution within the doped ceramic; to mitigate this problem and consequently permit the
(3) metallic ions as an oxide; and (4) metal particles. AM of high strength Al alloys. Solidification modeling
This differentiation means that magnetometry may be efforts linked with microstructural observations and
utilized to investigate nanoscale physical phenomena mechanical properties results on a wide variety of
in ceramics. Examples will be provided here for two 2XXX alloys will be presented.
materials systems in which the presence of nickel plays
10:00 AM
a big role. The first is zirconia, an anode material for
Advanced Electron Microscopy Characterization
solid oxide fuel cells, where interesting behavior is
of Centricast Bimetallic Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy 625/X-
revealed when the host grain size is on the order of
65 Steel Pipeline: João Dessi1; Antonio Andrade2;
several nanometers. The second is a proton conductor Conrado Afonso3; 1PPG-CEM/UFSCar; 2ENGEMASA
nanocomposite, in which low temperature conductivity
WEDNESDAY AM
Engenharia e Materiais; 3Federal University of São
was recently discovered. In both examples, Carlos (UFSCar)
magnetometry is shown to be a useful tool, and the In oil and gas production, corrosion-resistant alloys
surfaces and grain boundaries can dominate behavior. usually are needed in the pipeline fabrication, even in
8:40 AM Invited onshore and offshore applications. Bimetallic pipes
Thermodynamic Design of Grain Growth Resistant represent a solution in costs reduction, because they
Nanocrystalline Yttrria-zirconia: Ricardo H. R. combine two materials with distinct characteristics:
Castro1; Sanchita Dey1; Mingming Gong1; Chi-Hsiu a HSLA (High-strength low alloy) X-65 steel, in the
Chang1; 1University of California at Davis external part of the pipe, which provides mechanical
This work presents the results on the design of strength and toughness, and a corrosion-resistant alloy
nanograined structures resistant to grain growth. From (CRA) in the internal part made of Ni-based Alloy
a comparative thermodynamic analysis on the enthalpy 625. Clad pipes show an intimate union between the
of segregation and enthalpy of mixing, lanthanum was two component materials and can be produced by
selected as a potential efficient dopant to suppress centrifugal casting (centricast) process, where the
grain growth in YSZ. As expected, La was observed internal material of the pipe is solidified above de
to segregate to the boundary of nanograined YSZ solid external material. The interface characteristics,
consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering, and showed like continuity and phases which are presents, defines
significant resistance to grain growth as compared to its quality. In this work, the microstructure and the
undoped YSZ. The interface energy of pure and doped interface of a bimetallic centricast pipe, composite
YSZ was measured by using differential scanning internally in Alloy 625 and externally in API 5L X65
calorimetry and revealed a drop in the energy caused by steel, were analyzed by microhardness along the pipe
La doping, decreasing driving force for grain growth. radial cross section, optical microscopy (OM), electron
Modelling was presented to describe the quantitative backscattered diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron
contributions of grain boundary energy and kinetic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy
events (such as pore drag) to the overall process. (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy
(STEM) coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy
9:20 AM Invited
(EDS), besides high resolution transmission electron
Challenges Underlying Additive Manufacturing of
microscopy (HRTEM) where used as advanced tools in
Al Alloys: Mathieu Brochu1; Jason Milligan1; Ryan
order to characterize the Centricast Bimetallic Ni-Cr-
Chou1; 1McGill University
Mo Alloy/X-65 Steel Pipe from micro to nanometric
Additive manufacturing (AM) is experiencing a
scale.
boom in terms of research and commercialization for
high-end applications, particularly in the aerospace and 10:20 AM
biomedical fields. However, the bulk of the research Atom Probe Tomography Characterization of
has been limited to a small numbers of alloys, including Nitrided Fe-0.5 V-X Cr: Peter Clifton1; Daniel
stainless steels, as well as some Ti- and Ni-based Andrade2; Tadashi Furuhara3; 1Cameca; 2CAMECA -
Superalloys. Any reported work on the AM of AA is Science and Metrology Solutions; 3Tohoku University
limited to foundry-type of alloys: Al-12Si and Al-10Si- Nitriding of a surface can result in substantial
1Mg. Typical wrought chemistries (i.e. 2XXX series) improvement in hardness and heat resistance. When
are unfortunately sensitive to solidification cracking. Cr is present in Fe, CrN nitrides form under a variety
of conditions, with the precipitation behavior of the also be evaluated to define precipitation limits. The
nitrides varying substantially with changes in Cr effect of surfactant substitution, non-aqueous solvent
content, N concentration during nitriding, and nitriding substitution, and the water to surfactant ratio will also
temperature [1]. Atom probe tomography (APT) has be evaluated for optimizing the combination of solute
been used in metals and alloy research for more than concentration stability and precipitation limits that
40 years and is particularly suited to determination can be used for the design of controlled nanoparticle
of nanoscale chemical microstructure [2,3]. In APT formation.
data, such microstructural analyses often rely on
11:00 AM
investigating the proximity relationship between
Processing and Fabrication of Metals and Alloys by
individual solute atoms. This is known as the “friends-
Electron Beam Melting: Lawrence Murr1; 1University
of-friends” method [4] and is based on the principle of Texas at El Paso
that the spacing between clustered solute atoms will be
WEDNESDAY AM
36 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
WEDNESDAY AM
were comparable to those from human bone, and Session Chairs: Terence Langdon, University of
the fatigue endurance ratios were up to 0.5. Thus, Southern California; Malgorzata Lewandowska,
we demonstrated that Ti-6Al-4V cellular solids with Warsaw University of Technology
high compressive strength, low elastic modulus
and desirable deformation behavior were able to be
fabricated using the EBM technique. 8:00 AM Keynote
Production of Mg-Y-Zn Rod Using SPD Methods
11:40 AM Targeting Enhancement of the Mechanical
Shear Layer Morphology Alterations Using High Properties: Rimma Lapovok1; Jian-Feng Nie1; Yuri
Speed Friction Stir Processing with Varying Probe Estrin1; Suveen Mathaudhu2; 1Monash University;
Geometries: Leon Hütsch1; Jorge dos Santos1; Norbert 2
U.S. Army Research Laboratory
Huber1; 1HZG Forschungszentrum Ternary Mg–Y–Zn alloys have attracted considerable
In the present study, friction stir processing has been attention due to their excellent mechanical properties
conducted on the Magnesium alloy AZ31 in order to and unique microstructures. Microstructural variation
investigate the effect of varying probe geometry on the and the resulting mechanical properties can be affected
developing shear layer morphology. High speed friction by various processing routes, particularly those
stir processing parameters have been developed with involving severe plastic deformation of a cast billet.
the underlying preset to reduce the size of the shear The following approach was used in this work to
layer in order to closely resemble the probe geometry perform a comparative study: Cast Mg92Y4Zn4 billet
as well as to create a fine grained microstructure by was subjected to severe plastic deformation by three
dynamic recrystallization. The resulting textural different routes, namely ECAP, high pressure torsion
features have been thoroughly evaluated using (HPT) and ECAP followed by HPT with the aim of
EBSD analysis techniques. The results show, that refining the microstructure. The highly deformed
the morphology of the shear layer is a function of billets were annealed at different schedules to optimise
the chosen probe geometry and can be controlled by the mechanical properties.Another common approach
a suitable tool. EBSD investigations confirmed that to producing improved nanostructured magnesium
the shear layer represents the macroscopic shear plane alloys is based on consolidation of nanostructured
upon which the basal planes of the magnesium unit cell powders by extrusion. A significant improvement in
align themselves which in turn results in the ability to compaction of magnesium powders can be achieved
tailor the resulting texture in the process zone.As the if equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) with back-
critical resolved shear stress is depending on the c-axis pressure is used instead of conventional extrusion.
tilt of the magnesium unit cell, it could be shown that The ECAP of magnesium-based powders produced
the ease of activating basal slip and thus the materials’ by high-energy ball milling to fully dense product was
formability can be controlled by a suitable probe used for developing non-equilibrium local elemental
geometry using high speed friction stir processing. concentrations not achievable through solidification
from the melt. The billet produced by ECAP-compaction
from Mg97Y2Zn1 alloy powder was subsequently
annealed to optimise the mechanical properties.A
comparative study of microstructures and properties
for different production roots have been carried out. As disc lower surfaces during high-pressure torsion (HPT)
an outcome a promising thermomechanical processing processing. Two categories of discs which having
route leading to high strength and sufficient ductility different initial diameters were utilized to investigate
was suggested. the flow patterns on a pair of anvils with roughness,
8:40 AM Ra, ~15 µm. It is shown that the flow patterns on disc
Hydrogen Storage in Ball Milled or Severely lower surfaces have similar variation tendencies for
Deformed Mg-based Nanomaterials: Daniel Leiva1; both categories of discs. Double-swirl flow patterns
Gustavo Melo1; Ricardo Floriano1; Alexandre Asselli1; were not observed after 1 turn but they appeared on the
Tomaz Ishikawa1; Walter Botta1; 1
Universidade lower surfaces after 5 turns. However, discs with small
Federal de São Carlos initial diameters exhibit more local vortices after 5 turns
Metal or complex hydrides based on magnesium, and this indicates local non-homogenous deformation.
The appearance of local vortices appears to be related
WEDNESDAY AM
38 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
WEDNESDAY AM
extremely favorable characteristics for biomedical flow stress and the dislocation annihilation rate. The
applications, e.g. low elastic modulus and the lack properties induced in a plastically deformed material
of harmful elements in their chemical composition. are highly dependent on the degree of deformation,
However, the main drawback is their relatively low accumulated deformation energy and details on
strength. In this work, an attempt was made to enhance grain sizes and microstructure, which are on the
the mechanical characteristics of a Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn scale of some tens of nanometers; therefore it is very
alloy by reducing the grain size, which is an efficient important to understand misorientation distributions
strategy in strengthening of metallic materials. The and dislocation arrays developed on the samples.
samples were processed by HPT method at different In this work an F138 austenitic stainless steel was
conditions (pressure of 1 or 3 GPa, up to 50 turns). The solution heat treated, deformed by Equal Channel
HPT processing preserved single phase β structure, Angular Pressing (ECAP) at room temperature up to
as demonstrated by X-ray diffraction. Microstructure 4 passes, and rolled up to 70% thickness reduction
observations by transmission electron microscopy at room temperature. The microstructure evolution
revealed a significant grain size refinement. Such a was analyzed by x-ray diffraction and domain sizes
refinement gave a substantial increase in mechanical calculated by Convolutional Multiple Whole Profile
strength while maintaining a low value of elastic (CMWP) model, the misorientation boundaries
modulus, which was proven in tensile tests and were measured by electron backscattered diffraction
microhardness measurements. (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy.
Mechanical behavior was tested by tensile tests.
10:40 AM
Evolution in Hardness and Microstructure of ZK60 11:20 AM
Magnesium Alloy Processed by High-pressure Mechanical Behavior of Diamantane Stabilized
Torsion: Han-Joo Lee1; Byungmin Ahn2; Megumi Bulk Nanocrystalline Commercially Pure Al and
Kawasaki1; Terence Langdon3; 1Hanyang University; Al-5wt%Mg Alloys: Ali Yousefiani1; M. Arnold2;
2
Ajou University; 3University of Southern California James Earthman2; 1Boeing Research & Technology;
Severe plastic deformation is an attractive processing 2
University of California, Irvine
method for refining microstructures of metallic Bulk nanocrystalline commercially pure Al and Al-
materials to have ultrafine grain sizes within the Mg alloys were produced by consolidating cryomilled
submicrometer or even nanometer levels. Especially, aluminum powders via hot isostatic pressing (HIP)
it become generally known that processing of metals followed by thermomechanical processing. Single
through the application of high-pressure torsion (HPT) stage and two-stage room and elevated temperature
provides the potential for achieving exceptional grain thermomechanical processing approaches were used
refinement in bulk disk metals. In the present study, to synthesize the alloys. The mechanical behavior
a ZK 60 magnesium alloy was processed by HPT for of bulk nanocrystalline commercially pure Al and
a series of numbers of turns under various applied Al+5wt%Mg stabilized by diamantane hydrocarbon
pressures and rotational speeds. The evolution of molecules has been compared with those of the
hardness was examined by Vickers microhardness same alloys processed similarly without diamantane.
measurements and the change in texture was examined Tensile test results revealed a significant strengthening
by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to provide a effect with not only the addition of Mg but also with
comprehensive understanding of microstructural the addition of diamantane to commercially pure Al.
The results also show that diamantane substantially of developments: High strength and high stiffness
enhances the thermal stability of the alloys during polymeric fibers such as aramid and polyethylene;
consolidation and thermomechanical processing. a variety of carbon fibers; creep resistant tungsten
11:40 AM filaments; high strength steel filaments; and high
Determination of Mechanical Anisotropy of temperature ceramic fibers such as silicon carbide and
Magnesium Processed by ECAP: Flávia Poggiali1; alumina. New insights have been obtained into the
Pedro Henrique Pereira1; Roberto Figueiredo1; Paulo processing, microstructure, and properties of spider
Roberto Cetlin1; 1UFMG silk fiber. In this talk, I shall provide an overview
Commercially pure magnesium was processed of this very interesting and exciting field with an
by three passes of ECAP at 473 K using route Bc. emphasis on the developments in some of the newer
Compression specimens were machined in different fibers, including some of our recent work on the effects
of coatings on fibers and cyclic fatigue behavior of
WEDNESDAY PM
40 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
to sophisticated structures for civil and military was found to be 601 MPa irradiated at 132 KGy for
applications. The ordinance industry manufactures ZnO/CNT /Nylon-6 nano-composite fiber as compared
soft and hard lightweight armor using the fibers since to 325 MPa and 240 MPa for ZnO/CNT/Nylon-6
that these materials present a great absorption of the nano-composite fiber without irradiation and control
impact energy of ballistic projectiles. Hard armor is a Nylon-6 fiber respectively. Differential Scanning
composite formed by woven or non-woven fabrics in Calorimetry (DSC) analysis results show that the
a thermoplastic or thermorigid matrix. Body armor is degree of cure was increased because of cross-linking
exposed, in daily use, to radiations, humidity, heat etc., which was expected at high electron-beam radiation
and it is known that exposure of polymer to environment dose. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was also
causes macromolecular modifications which lead to studied to understand the thermal stability before and
alterations on material properties. The agents vary after exposed to irradiation.
with local conditions and depend from region to
WEDNESDAY PM
4:00 PM
region. The published data about the sensitivity of
Fabrication of Barium Titanate Nanoparticles/
proprietary polymeric armor made with high-modulus
Poly(methylmethacrylate) Composite Films by
and high-strength fibers to environmental agents are
a Combination of Deposition Process and Spin-
limited and sometimes contradictory. Studies related
coating Technique: Yoshio Kobayashi1; Aiko Odo1;
to the evaluation of exposure effects on the behavior 1
Ibaraki University
of aramid and UHMWPE armor materials started at
Thin films of dielectric ceramics are one of typical
IME in 2002 using physicochemical, mechanical and
electronic devices incorporated in electric circuits.
ballistic tests. This work is the theme of a research
Many dielectric ceramics like barium titanate are
project carried out in our Materials Science Graduate
crystallized by annealing at high temperature to make
Program that aims to prevent the occurrence of
them have dielectric characteristics, which damages
catastrophic armor failures, the prediction of useful
organic resin substrates for the electric circuits. Their
life of polymeric armors and the development of new
fragileness is another disadvantage, which makes it
armors materials. The results of these research studies
hard to process them into the target form. Polymer
will be reported and discussed.
films containing ceramic dielectric fine particles
3:40 PM will have dual functions of processability and high
Electron-beam Induced Cross-linking of Extruded dielectric constant. The present work proposes a
Nylon-6 Nanocomposite Fibers Infused with ZnO/ method for fabricating polymer films containing BT
CNTs Hybrid Nanoparticles: Vijay Rangari1; Shaik nanoparticles by applying processes of deposition of
Jeelani1; Imam Muhammad1; Eesperidiana Moura2; particles and spin-coating of polymer. BT nanoparticles
Michelle Gomes2; 1Tuskegee University; 2Instituto de were produced by adding Ti(i-OPr)4/i-PrOH solution,
Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares-IPEN acetylacetone and NaOH aqueous solution in turn
Nylon-6 has a wide range of engineering application to i-PrOH dispersing Ba(OH)28H2O at 80°C. A
due to its excellent mechanical and thermal properties. poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) film containing
In this study, we have shown that the Nylon-6 polymer BT nanoparticles (BT/PMMA) was produced by
properties could be further enhanced by the infusion depositing BT nanoparticles on a glass plate surface-
of hybrid nanoparticles and electron beam irradiation. modified with polyvinylpyrrolidinone (PVP), spin-
The hybrid nanoparticles of ZnO/CNTs are infused coating PMMA/N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)
through the melt extrusion process and tested for solution on it, and then drying it in the atmosphere
their mechanical and thermal properties. Electron- at room temperature. A size of the BT particles was
beam irradiation has two effects on nanocomposites 77.6 ± 30.5 nm. Their crystal structure was perovskite
i.e. either increases the cross-linking or causes chain cubic BT. The surface-modification of the glass with
scission depends on dose of irradiation. The composite PVP made the BT particles deposited uniformly on its
fibers were further exposed to the electron-beam (160 whole area. A BT/PMMA film with a transmittance
KGy, 132 KGy and 99 KGy) irradiation using a 1.5 of ca. 90% in the visible light region and a thickness
MeV electron beam accelerator, at room temperature, of ca. 300 nm was obtained at a PMMA concentration
in the presence of air and tested for their thermal and of 150 g/L in the PMMA/NMP solution and a rotating
mechanical properties to study the effect of electron speed of 5000 rpm in the spin-coating. The film surface
beam irradiation. The best ultimate tensile strength became evener by spin-coating twice.
size and shape of the reinforcement bodies, traditional polyester resin (cheaper) in the composite material is
microscopy methods are not accurate enough in the enough to overcome the mechanical resistance of the
characterization of composites. In this work digital rock in its natural state.
microscopy with extensive image analysis was
5:40 PM Invited
employed to analyze the microstructure of different
Functional Materials with Hierarchical Structure
composites. Results will be shown for pultruded and
Inspired by Natural Species: Di Zhang1; Wang
filament wound GFRP´s, for the morphometry of
Zhang1; Jiajun Gu1; Huilan Su1; Shenmin Zhu1; Qinglei
lignocellulosic fibers, and for the quantification of
Liu1; 1Shanghai Jiao Tong University
the spatial distribution of reinforcement, associated to
Biological materials usually display an astonishing
image simulation. The technical requirements on the
variety of sophisticated morphologies and hierarchical
optical and scanning electron microscopy, linked to
structures that can not be artificially made even with
automated image analysis, and the image processing/
the most advanced synthetic technology. However,
simulation methodology will be presented. Preliminary
inspired by nature, there has been a great interest
results on the use of x-ray microtomography for 3D
in fabricating artificial materials with structures
characterization of these materials will also be reported.
and functions somewhat like nature species. In this
5:00 PM Invited regards, different bio-templating methods have been
Effect of Volume Fraction and Type of Constituents developed by material scientists for the conversion of
on Physical and Mechanical Properties of biological templates into functional materials. In this
Composite Materials Used for Restoration of review we will introduce a novel “morpho-genetic”
Historical Monuments: Leonardo Godefroid1; José method developed by Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
Neves1; Geraldo Faria1; Luiz Cândido1; 1Federal At first, we focused on replicating the morphological
University of Ouro Preto characteristics and the functionality of a biological
Several cities founded in Brazil during the species (e.g. wood, agriculture castoff, butterfly
colonial period (called the “gold cycle”) preserve to wings). And then we change their original components
this day houses and civil and religious monuments into our desired materials with original morphologies
of historical/architectural value of worldwide faithfully kept. Properties of the obtained materials are
recognition. An example is the city of Ouro Preto, studied in details. Based on these results, we discuss
elevated to a cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1980 the possibility of using these materials in photonic
to remain practically unchanged since 1750. Many of control, solar cells, electromagnetic shielding, energy
these monuments were built with rocks of the region, harvesting, and gas sensitive devices, et al. In addition,
such as quartzite and “soap stone”. Unfortunately, the fabrication method could be applied to other nature
many constructions are deteriorated, because they substrate template and inorganic systems that could
are exposed to weathering agents and vandalism. It eventually lead to the production of optical, magnetic.
becomes necessary to develop technologies that will or electric devices or components as building blocks
promote the conservation and restoration of these for nanoelectronic, magnetic, or photonic integrated
art works. It is known that a restorative technique systems. These bioinspired functional materials with
currently used is the use of mixtures of rocks with improved performance characteristics are becoming
resins, to create a composite material with good increasing important, which will have great values on
42 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
the development on structural function materials in the Osmolality decreased in all samples after day 7. Normal
near future. cell morphology was observed in the Mg2Ag group
whereas pure Mg resulted in significant morphology
distortion. All alloys stimulated calcification which is
5. Biomaterials, Smart Materials, beneficial for orthopedic applications. Mg2Ag is the
and Structures – Bioabsorbable and most promising out of all studied materials both with
Natural Materials regard to the cellular reaction of hMSCs and corrosion
Program Organizers: Carlos Elias, Instituto properties.
Militar de Engenharia; Po-Yu Chen, National
Tsing Hua University; Roger Narayan, UNC/ 2:40 PM
NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical Electrochemical Behavior of Magnesium Based
Engineering Alloy in Ringer Solution Medium: Telma Matias1;
WEDNESDAY PM
Wednesday PM Room: Room 13 Gabriel Asato1; Nilson Oliveira1; Claudemiro
July 23, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca Bolfarini1; Claudio Kiminami1; Walter Botta1;
Convention Center
1
Universidade Federal de São Carlos
The magnesium based alloy Mg65Zn30Ca5 was
Session Chairs: Jaroslaw Drelich, Michigan obtained from the processing of two eutectic binary
Technological University; Po-You Chen, National alloys Mg-Zn and Mg-Ca, by melting pure elements
Tsing Hua University; Clodomiro Bolfarini, in centrifugal furnace induction, using ultrapure
Universidade Federal de São Carlos Ar as protection against oxidation. The appropriate
processing of magnesium based alloys for application
as bioabsorbable implants has been a major challenge,
2:00 PM Invited
and the experimental conditions for obtaining these
Biodegradable Magnesium Implants’ Corrosion
materials must encourage the production of amorphous
Properties and Cellular Reactions under near
alloys. Amorphous alloys are very attractive materials
Physiological Conditions: Olga Charyeva1; Daniel
for application as biomedical implants because of
Zukowski1; Frank Feyerabend2; Regine Willumeit2;
their mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
Katrin Lips3; 1aap Biomaterials; 2Helmholtz-Zentrum
In order to study the electrochemical behavior of the
Geesthacht; 3Justus-Liebig University
amorphous and crystalline structures of Mg65Zn30Ca5
Magnesium has attracted much attention for its
alloy, samples were prepared based on earlier
potential use in trauma and orthopedics fields due to its
characterization carried out by Scanning Electron
excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility and
Microscopy (SEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry
biodegradability. It is desirable for magnesium-based
(DSC) and Chemical Analysis. Samples with 2 mm
alloys to have slow degradation rate so the fractured
(amorphous) and 5 mm (crystalline) of thickness
bone heals before the implant resorbs. It is thus crucial
were submitted to electrochemical tests involving
to design alloys with slow corrosion rate and high
Open Circuit Potential (OCP) and Electrochemical
biocompatibility. Corrosion properties of Mg2Ag,
Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements in
Mg10Gd, WE43 and 99.99% pure Mg were studied
long immersion period, using Ringer physiological
under near physiological conditions with and without
solution as electrolyte. The results showed that the
the presence of human bone mesenchymal stem
OCP values for the 2 and 5 mm thicknesses changed
cells (hMSCs). The samples were placed in DMEM
very fast to more positive values in the beginning,
containing 10% FBS and corrosion was studied after
reaching an almost stationary potential after 72 h. The
immersion and by gas evolution tests. The corrosion
EIS measures, presented as Nyquist diagrams, showed
rate (CR), osmolality, pH and Ca2+ concentrations
that the Rp (film resistance) values decreased along
were determined periodically and cellular reactions
the immersion time for both samples, decreasing faster
were observed. Results: WE43 showed the highest
after 24 h. Nevertheless, the 2 mm sample showed
CR of all materials tested – 1.057 mm/year – which is
higher Rp values than the 5 mm sample, suggesting
almost twice as high as in the other samples. The lowest
better corrosion resistance for the first one.
mean CR was in Mg2Ag group, but this difference
was not statistically significant compared to Mg10Gd
and WE43. All alloys made pH more alkaline and
decreased concentration of free Ca2+ in the solution.
biocompatibilities and biodegradation properties. stretching, and interfibrillar sliding, which contribute
The essential alloying elements of Zn and Ca for to the redistribution of the stresses at the notch tip.
human have been investigated as potential biomaterial
3:40 PM
elements. The Ca-based alloys have been considered
Extraction and Characterization of Lignin and
as potential biomedical like Mg-based ones, especially
from Different Biomass Resources: Dereca Watkins1;
Ca–Mg–Zn ternary system. These alloys have similar
Md. Nuruddin1; Mahesh Hosur1; Alfred Tcherbi-
superior properties for to use as biomaterials as Mg–
Narteh1; Shaik Jeelani1; 1Tuskegee University
Zn–Ca systems in many ways. In this work, a ternary
As the world’s most abundant renewable resource,
Mg65Zn30Ca5 (at.%) and Ca65Mg15Zn20 (at.%) alloys
lignocellulosic biomass has been acknowledged for
were synthesized by mechanical alloying for 10,20 potential uses to produce chemicals and biomaterials.
and 30 hrs in SPEX mill with 10:1 BPR in argon Lignin, making up 10-25% of lignocellulosic biomass,
atmosphere. Their structural and phase transformations is the second most abundant natural polymer with
occurring with respect to milling times were studied cellulose being number one. Lignin is a three-
by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy dimensional, highly cross-linked macromolecule
and the differential scanning calorimetry analyses. At composed of three types of substituted phenols which
present, no significant results are available to include include: coniferyl, sinapyl, and p-coumaryl alcohols
in the abstract part because the processes are in the by enzymatic polymerization yielding a vast number
initial stage. Later the results will be included in the of functional groups and linkages. The areas in
manuscript. which lignin is applicable include: emulsifying, dyes,
3:20 PM synthetic flavorings, sequestering, binding, thermosets,
Extraordinary Tear Resistance of Skin: Wen Yang1; dispersal agents, paints, and fuels to treatments for
Vincent Sherman2; Bernd Gludovatz3; Eric Schaible3; roadways. As a natural and renewable raw material,
Polite Stewart3; Robert Ritchie4; Marc Meyers2; obtainable at an affordable cost, and great chemical
1
ETH Zurich; 2University of California, San Diego; and physical properties, lignin’s substitution potential
3
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; 4University extends to any products currently sourced from
of California, Berkeley petrochemical substances. There is a wide range of
All vertebrates are covered with the organ skin, lignin source available including: jute, hemp, cotton,
which is multifunctional, providing protection from and wood pulp. Hence, the lignin’s physical and
the environment, enabling temperature regulation, chemical behavior will be different with respect to
enhancing camouflage, acting as a collector of thermal the original source and extraction method that is used.
energy, and hosting a variety of embedded sensors. The objective of this research was to extract lignin
Here we explain why it is virtually impossible to from nonwood cellulosic biomass (Wheat straw, Pine
propagate a tear in rabbit skin, chosen as a model straw, Alfalfa, Kenaf, and Flax fiber) by formic acid
material for the dermis of vertebrates. The mechanical treatment followed by peroxyformic acid treatment for
properties are provided principally by the dermis, the potential use as a partial replacement for the phenol
thickest of the three layers. The major constituents are precursor in resole phenolic systems. Isolated lignins
Type 1 collagen and elastin; the first is responsible for were purified to remove impurities and characterized
the mechanical resistance to extension while elastin by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
44 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential new directed assembly routes to organize colloidal
scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses to compare building blocks into bioinspired structures in the
thermal properties and chemical composition. Details absence of cellular control. In this talk, I will present
of these investigations will be discussed and presented. some of our recent attempts to develop such directed
assembly routes. First, I will show a new approach to
4:00 PM Break
obtain polymer-based composites exhibiting deliberate
4:20 PM orientation of reinforcing particles using ultra-low
Nanoindentation and Nanoscratch Tecniques magnetic fields. The ability to control the position and
Applied to Hair Fibers Characterization: Nathalia orientation of reinforcing particles within a polymer
De Oliveira1; Amal Eltom1; Débora Alves1; Sergio matrix leads to bioinspired heterogeneous structures
Camargo Jr1; 1UFRJ with unusual out-of-plane stiffness, wear resistance
Early research into human hair was done primarily and shape-memory effects. In the second part of the
WEDNESDAY PM
on the chemical and physical properties of the hair talk, I will show that an elastomeric polyurethane
fiber itself (chemical composition, microstructure matrix can be hierarchically reinforced with nano-
and hair growth). It was found that, human hair is a and microplatelets to form hybrid materials with local
nanocomposite biological fiber with well-characterized elastic modulus varying up to five orders of magnitude.
microstructures. Studying hair properties of various Control over the local reinforcement level enables the
ethnicities, which are classified as Caucasian, Asian and creation of polymeric substrates that can be stretched
African is of great interest to cosmetic science. This is several times its initial length, while keeping the
because ethnical diversity of hair reflects differences in local strain on specific surface sites lower than 1%.
structure and properties. In this work, Nanoindentation The unusual mechanical properties achieved in these
(on both the transverse and lateral surfaces of hair fiber) examples illustrate the great potential of nano- and
and nanoscratch techniques (on the lateral surface) were microstructuring in creating synthetic composites with
applied to study the nanomechanical properties such as rich functional behavior using a limited set of building
hardness and Young’s modulus and scratch resistance blocks.
of Caucasian and African hairs. These properties were
5:20 PM Concluding Comments
correlated with the morphological and ultrastructural
features of the two ethnic groups measured by optical
and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed
that the two types of hair fibers demonstrate clear 7. Processing of Materials - Materials
differences in these properties which can be related to Processing II
Program Organizers: Olivia Graeve,
the straightness of the Caucasian hair and curliness of University of California, San Diego; Lawrence
the African one. Murr, University of Texas at El Paso; Andre
Tschiptschin, University of Sao Paulo
4:40 PM Invited
Directed Assembly of Composites Inspired by Wednesday PM Room: Room 12
Nature: Andre Studart1; 1ETH Zurich July 23, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca
Natural composite materials like seashells, teeth, Convention Center
bone and trees consist of a soft organic matrix and
stiff reinforcing building blocks assembled into unique Session Chair: Lawrence Murr, University of Texas
hierarchical architectures. The intricate organization at El Paso
of such natural materials over multiple length scales
finds no counterparts within man-made composites. 2:00 PM Invited
Implementation of such nano-/microstructural design Achieving Multi-scale Porosity with EFAS in
in synthetic composites should enable the creation of Metal and Ceramic Systems: Troy Holland1; David
materials with unusual combination of properties and Anderson1; Umberto Anselmi-Tamburini2; 1Colorado
functionalities. Despite ongoing efforts to understand State University; 2University of Pavia
the complex cell-mediated processes that lead to such The processing of porous materials is important
hierarchical architectures, mimicking synthetically the to a wide range of applications including: biomedical
structural organization of natural materials remains a materials, sensors, filtration, catalysis, and armor.
major challenge. An alternative approach is to devise Many routes to achieving porous bodies exist, but most
have severe limitations to the length scales of porosity and Thermodynamic Modeling: Olivia Graeve1;
and/or potential materials. Sintering, in specific Hoorshad Fathi-Kelly2; James Kelly1; 1University of
electric field assisted sintering (EFAS), has been California, San Diego; 2Alfred University
shown to provide excellent results for sintering many Recently, several alloy compositions of Fe-based
materials systems while maintaining nano-granular metallic glasses with outstanding corrosion resistance
microstructures. Sintered porous materials have been have been produced and characterized. In this study,
produced, but typically pore geometries are unimodal fundamental phase stability and boundary structure of
and spherical, and often require significant post- two such alloys have been determined. Processing of
sintering treatments to achieve the targeted porosities. the materials included high-energy ball milling and
In this communication we will describe a method of subsequent spark plasma sintering to obtain dense
producing hierarchically-structured porosity in metals bulk specimens. Spark plasma sintering allowed the
and ceramics from nano- to micron length scales using formation of dense metallic glass compacts without
WEDNESDAY PM
EFAS techniques applied in conjunction with other losing their amorphous character, since consolidation
scalable synthesis routes. was completed at relatively low temperatures
and in shorter times as compared to conventional
2:40 PM Invited
sintering methods. Evaluation of consolidation and
Synthesis of Functional Bulk Materials via Direct
divitrification behavior of our materials during spark
Current Sintering: Joseph Poon1; Alexander
plasma sintering, with respect to processing parameters
Petersen1; Long Chen1; Andrew Cheung1; Gary
such as temperature and pressure, was completed. A
Shiflet1; 1University of Virginia
detailed X-ray diffraction analysis was completed that
Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), or more accurately
allowed us to determine, in a very accurate way, the
called Direct Current Sintering (DCS), uses external
percent crystallinity in these materials as processing
pressure and an electric current simultaneously
parameters were modified. Details of this analysis will
to promote the densification of metallic and non-
be presented. Thermodynamic modeling was used to
metallic powder compacts. The advantage of this
predict a glass forming composition with increased
densification process is due to the fact that it employs
tungsten content for purposes of increasing the specific
lower temperatures and shorter time duration than
density in these alloys. A multi-model approach was
conventional high-pressure and high-temperature
employed to determine the optimum composition.
sintering. As a result, diffusion and grain growth
The model requires a quantitative determination of
can be suppressed, allowing the desired functional
the strain and the liquidus temperature of a given
properties of the compacts to be realized. We have
composition. The determination of the alloy eutectic
employed DCS to sinter bulk metallic glasses (BMG)
depth requires equilibrium calculations to determine
and thermoelectric (TE) nanostructured materials. The
the stable phases as a function of temperature.
compositions of the BMG alloys, which contained two
or more of the early and late refractory Fe, Co, Ni, 3:40 PM
Ta, and W elements, are designed to have high failure Formation of Columnar Grain and Its Effect on
strength and some degree of damage tolerance. This the Mechanical Properties of EBLM Ti-6Al-4V
is achieved by tuning the elastic moduli and Poisson’s Alloy: Jianrong Liu1; Hongbo Suo2; Shuili Gong2;
ratio guided by high-throughput computation. Zibo Zhao1; Lei Wang1; Qingjiang Wang1; Rui Yang1;
Nanostructuring of TE materials introduces a high 1
Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of
density of interfaces that scatter phonons and trap Sciences; 2Avic Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing
charge carriers, providing a pathway for enhancing Technology Research Institute
the thermopower Seebeck coefficient and reducing the Formation of columnar grains and their effects
thermal conductivity for increasing the figure of merit. on mechanical properties of electron beam layer
We will discuss recent experimental results on DCS- manufactured (EBLM) Ti-6Al-4V alloy was studied in
sintered materials as well as the effect of pressure, the present article. The feed stock used for deposition
temperature, and strain rate effect on the densification was modified Ti-6Al-4V wire developed by Institute
of the materials studied. of Metal Research,CAS. The columnar grains begin
to form from the first layer and grow nearly normal
3:20 PM
to the substrate without interuption during the later
Phase Stability of Unique Iron-based Amorphous
deposition process. The EBLM Ti-6Al-4V workpiece
Metal Composites: Spark Plasma Sintering
46 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
exhibits high fatigue strength, fracture and impact mechanical and functional properties remains largely
toughness with tensile strength above 940MPa and unexplored in synthetic materials. Although magnetic
elongation above 8%. Tensile strength in direction manipulation has been successfully used as a method to
parallel to the length of the columnar grains is found remotely control the orientation of magnetized alumina
apparently lower than in other directions. To make platelets, steric interactions between adjacent platelets
clear this phenomenon, microstructural features limit both the maximum alignment degree and the
was examined and columnar grain orientation was volume fraction of platelets that can be achieved within
determined through a method based on measured a continuous polymer matrix. (1) In this study, we show
EBSD data and morphology of alpha platelets. that bulk composites with tailored platelet orientations
4:00 PM can be fabricated through a directed-assembly route
A Benchmark Experiment of the Mold Filling of a that combines magnetic and mechanical stimuli. (2)
Our results revealed that the application of mechanical
WEDNESDAY PM
Cast Iron Plate by Lost Foam Casting: Jinwu Kang1;
Xiaokun Hao1; Gang Nie1; Yongyi Hu1; 1Tsinghua vibrations during the magnetic alignment process
University provide enough kinetic energy to the platelets to favor
In lost foam casting (LFC), the presence of an EPS their arrangement and alignment along the plane of the
pattern inside the mold leads to new features for the applied magnetic field. By combining high alignment
filling of the melt. The burning of the EPS pattern has degree and volume fractions of platelets up to 27 vol
great effect on its filling. In this paper, a measurement %, we were able to fabricate composites with highly
system of liquid metal filling based on modified contact anisotropic mechanical and functional properties.
time method (METM) was established. The filling of 5:00 PM
measured points is illustrated by an array of light- High Chromium White Cast Irons: Destabilized-
emitting diodes (LED) arranged alike the shape of the subcritical Secondary Carbide Segregation and Its
casting, the lightening time of each diode is the filling Effect on Hardness and Wear Properties: Martin
time instant of the measurement point connecting to Duarte Guigou1; Sebastian Suarez2; Gastón Pereira3;
it. The filling time of all the points is obtained by the Claudio Cigliutti3; Frank Muchlick2; 1Universidad
image analysis of recorded movie. This method is Católica del Uruguay; 2Saarland University; 3Tubacero
free of the limitation of signal acquisition channels. SA
By using this measurement system, the benchmark High Chromium Cast Irons (HCCIs) are widely
experimental study of the filling of a vertical placed used as wear resistant materials in mining and mineral
plate of cast iron by lost foam casting was carried processing given their outstanding wear and erosion
out. The filling profiles and filling velocity during resistance. The presence of a third (disperse) phase
filling process were obtained. The influence of some in the metallic matrix, secondary carbides (SC), may
parameters including metastatic head, density of the increase wear resistance of the matrix itself reducing
EPS pattern, thickness of coating and permeability of damage by third bodies. SC also influence wear
sand mould on filling process were investigated. And resistance by increasing the matrix strength through
the filling was studied with different dimensions of a a dispersion hardening effect, increasing mechanical
window cut from the plate. support for the eutectic carbides. Still, SC are seldom
4:20 PM Invited elusive in the industrial processing of HCCIs.
Directed Assembly of Platelets via Mechanical Previous work has focused mostly on sub critical heat
and Magnetic Stimuli: Wen Yang1; Rafael Libanori1; treatments and small variations of the usual quenching
procedure. Most results show either low SC volume
Randall Erb1; André Studart1; 1ETH Zurich
fractions or small precipitates. A simple and scalable
Nature assembles anisotropic building blocks in a
HCCIs processing with high SC volume fractions is
fashion that maximizes the mechanical performance of
still an attractive goal. In this work HCCI samples
biological composites. In the abalone shell, the outer
were manufactured in arc furnace and casted in round
and the inner layers exhibit anisotropic reinforcing
steel moulds. Thermal treatment was carried out by
particles that are aligned perpendicular and parallel
two methods: destabilization and cooling in air and
to the surface to optimize both the shell hardness and
destabilization followed by a multi step sub-critical
resistance against crack propagation, respectively. In
diffusion process.Macro hardness measurements, SEM
contrast, deliberate control of the orientation and spatial
and Optical Microscopy observations were carried out,
distribution of anisotropic particles to locally tailor
showing that increased SC segregation is achievable Salvo1; Carolina Guerra1; Mariette Arancibia1;
with destabilization and multi step sub-critical heat Thirumurugan Muthiah1; Danny Guzman2; Paula
treatments, using limited minor alloying elements. Rojas3; Carola Martinez3; 1Universidad Técnica
Heat treatment and chemical composition effect on SC Federico Santa María; 2Universidad de Atacama;
size and distribution was examined. XRD observations 3
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
were performed on the result samples and variable This work has been focus about the influence of
temperature XRD was used to identify SC segregation Al2O3 (alumina) particles on copper foam and their
parameters and kinetics. Finally the effect of such mechanical properties. The foams were produced by
increased carbide segregation on wear resistance was means of space holder method. The sodium chloride
tested with slurry wear tests. (NaCl), ammonium hydrogen carbonate and potassium
carbonate have been tested as space holder materials.
5:20 PM Invited
The green compacts have been prepared by mixing the
WEDNESDAY PM
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Technical Program
WEDNESDAY PM
annealing were detected. The changes were interlinked five turns and there remain significantly lower values
to microstructural parameters acquired by EBSD. in the center of the disk. These results indicate that
The relationships obtained are discussed in terms of complete homogeneity across the disks for this steel
microstructure and microtexture evolution during low requires applied pressures higher than 6 GPa and/or
temperature annealing. torsional straining through more than 5 turns.
2:20 PM 3:00 PM
Aging Kinetics of Ultrafine Grained Metastable Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical
Beta-Ti Alloys Produced by Severe Plastic Properties of Ultra-fine Grained MgAlZn Alloy
Deformation: Irina Semenova1; Ruslan Valiev1; Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation: Miloš
Svetlana Gatina1; 1UFA State Aviation Technical Janecek1; Jitka Stráská1; Tereza Brunátová1; Jakub
University Cížek1; Hyoung Seop Kim1; 1Charles University
Metastable beta-Ti alloys possess significant Commercial Mg alloy AZ31 alloy was processed
advantages over other Ti alloys due to a lower by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and high
elasticity modulus, good deformability and pressure torsion (HPT). Mechanical properties and
workability. Depending on the chemical composition microstructure evolution with strain imposed by severe
they are employed in medicine to produce implants plastic deformation were investigated. Significant
and in aircraft and mechanical engineering to produce grain refinement was achieved by both techniques.
fastening elements. This paper investigates peculiarities Mechanical properties were characterized by tensile
of ultrafine-grained (UFG) structures in beta - titanium tests and microhardness. Microstructure evolution
alloys Ti LCB and Ti-15Mo produced by high pressure was investigated by light and electron microscopy
torsion (HPT) and equal channel angular pressing and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD). High
(ECAP). This work presents the possibility of strength density of dislocations was found in the ultrafine-
enhancement in the beta-alloys due to microstructure grained material. The variations of dislocation density
refinement without precipitation of a secondary alfa- in specimens after different number ECAP passes (up
phase via severe plastic deformation (SPD).Influence to 12) and HPT turns (up to 15) were characterized
of the SPD on the aging kinetics, on the density and by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and
distribution of precipitations is revealed. It has been X-ray diffraction. Sharp increase of dislocation
stated that combination of the SPD processing and density occurred during the first two passes of
final ageing is an effective way to achieve superior ECAP, followed by the saturation and even a decline
strength and ductility. The role of morphology of manifesting the dynamic recovery at higher strains.
secondary phases in the UFG structure on the strength On the other hand, in specimens processed by HPT
and ductility of beta-Ti is discussed. PAS spectra consisted of two components, namely a
short-lived component representing a contribution of
2:40 PM
free positrons not trapped at defects and a long-lived
Microstructural Evolution and Microhardness in
component which comes from positrons trapped at
a Low Carbon Steel Processed by High-pressure
dislocations introduced by severe plastic deformation.
Torsion: Diana Marulanda1; Jittraporn Wongsa-
The microstructure evolution and dislocation density
Ngam2; Terence Langdon3; 1Universidad Antonio
variations correlate well with mechanical properties.
Nariño; 2King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology
plastic deformation to a magnesium alloy AZ31. The batches,subjected to solution treatments at temperatures
material was processed for 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 turns of 910°C/45min+550°C/3h, 950°C/45min+550°C/3h
at room temperature and under a pressure of 6 GPa. and 970°C/45min+550°C/3h, respectively. Quantitative
Samples were annealed for 1800 s at temperatures of measurements revealed that the volume fractions were
373 K, 423 K, 473 K, 573 K and 673 K. Microhardness 70 % equiaxed a phase and 30 % laminar (α+ß) (TC4-
tests and metallography were used to determine the 1), 47% equiaxed a phase and 53% laminar (α+ß)
evolution of strength and grain size as a function of (TC4-2) and 25 % equiaxed a phase and 75% laminar
the annealing temperature. The results show that (α+ß) (TC4-3) and the grain sizes of the a phase were
recrystallization takes place at temperatures higher 7.0±2µm, 9.0±1.5µm and 9.5±1.5µm. The processing
than 423 K. The annealing behavior is independent of by HPT was performed at room temperature with a
the number of turns in HPT. pressure of 6.0 GPa and the lower anvil was rotated
with a speed of 1 rpm. Processing was conducted
3:40 PM
through a total number of revolutions, N, of 0.25, 1,
Bulk and Grain Boundary Phase Transformations
Driven by the Severe Plastic Deformation: Boris 5, 10 and 20 turns. After HPT processing, the Vickers
Straumal1; Andrei Mazilkin2; Yulia Ivanisenko3; hardness, Hv, measurements were taken on the disks.
Microstructure observations were performed by TEM.
Askar Kilmametov4; Brigitte Baretzky4; 1MPI of
The results showed that the mirohardness increased
Intelligent Systems; 2Institute of Solid State Physics
and grain size decreased with increasing numbers
RAS; 3Karlsruhe Institute for Technology ; 4Karlsruhe
of turns in HPT processing and in the three batches
Institute for Technology
there was a stabilization in the microhardness values
Severe plastic deformation (SPD) can lead to the
around 5 turns. The grain sizes after 20 turns of HPT
bulk and grain boundary phase transformations in the
were 117±30 nm in TC4-1, 83±25 nm in TC4-2 and
materials, e.g. the formation or decomposition of a
77±15 nm in TC4-3, which means that the grain size
supersaturated solid solution, dissolution of phases,
decreases as the volume fraction of a phase decreases
disordering of ordered phases, amorphyzation of
and the laminar (α+ß) increases.
crystalline phases, synthesis of the low-temperature,
high-temperature or high-pressure allotropic 4:40 PM
modifications, nanocrystallization in the amorphous Dynamic Recrystallization of a High Purity
matrix and pseudopartial grain boundary wetting. Aluminum during Tube High-pressure Shearing:
Even the SPD-treatment at ambient temperature Jing Tao Wang1; 1Nanjing University of Science and
TSPD is frequently equivalent to the heat treatment Technology
at a certain elevated temperature Teff. However, if the The recrystallization behavior of a ultra-high pure
real annealing at Teff leads to the grain growth, SPD aluminum (99.999%) during tube High-Pressure
leads to the strong grain refinement. The methods of Shearing (t-HPS) was investigated at different average
Teff determination after high-pressure torsion are strain and strain rate. The microstructure after t-HPS
discussed. was characterized by electron backscatter diffraction
(EBSD). At higher strain rate, a finer grain size and
higher recrystallization fraction were obtained. At
average strain larger than ~4, nearly fully recrystallized
microstrucutre was observed after t-HPS. A texture of
50 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
typical shear feature was observed, and microstructure on the sequential adsorption of ultrathin multilayers of
evolution mechanism was discussed. nano-objects (polymers, proteins, clays and minerals,
5:00 PM DNA, nanotubes, graphene, metal and metal oxide
An Evaluation of the Saturation Microstructures nanoparticles), from their colloidal solutions to solid
Achieved after Processing through a Combination surfaces [1,2]. This talk will summarize new initiatives
of ECAP and HPT: Shima Sabbaghianrad1; Jittraporn that have been proposed for colloidal nanoparticles
Wongsa-Ngam2; Terence Langdon3; 1University of and its respective arrays with polyelectrolytes. LbL
Southern California; 2King Mongkut’s Instituite of processing has enabled one to control the volume
Technology Ladkrabang; 3University of Southampton fraction and spatial distribution of nanoparticles within
Experiments were conducted on two commercial the multilayers, which in turn permits one to reach
alloys, a Cu-0.1% Zr alloy and the Al-7075 aluminum synergistics effects and pre-designed end properties.
alloy, to investigate the significance of the saturation For example, the charge transport within such films
microstructure achieved after processing by high- is sensitive to nanoparticle-polyelectrolyte interfaces
pressure torsion (HPT). Samples were processed that can be precisely controlled by physicochemical
by HPT and also by a combination of equal-channel parameters of the LbL preparation. Applications
angular pressing (ECAP) followed by HPT. The leading to future developments of capacitors, light-
saturation conditions were investigated using analytical emitting diodes and solar cells will be highlighted.[1]
techniques and microhardness measurements. Alcantara, G.B. et al. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15,
19853-19861, 2013.[2] L.G. Paterno, M.A.G. Soler.
JOM 65, 709-719, 2013.
2. Materials for Energy – Materials for 8:40 AM
Energy Nano, Nanostructured and Hybrid Materials for
THURSDAY AM
Program Organizers: Fernand Marquis, Naval Multifunctional Energy Applications: Fernand
Postgraduate School; Paulo Valadao, Federal Marquis1; 1Naval Postgraduate School
University of Rio de Janeiro
Due to their exceptional stiffness, strength, thermal
Thursday AM Room: Room 15 and electrical conductivity, carbon nanotubes and
July 24, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca graphene have the potential for the development
Convention Center into nano composites materials and hybrid materials
for a wide variety of applications. In order to
Session Chairs: Fernand Marquis, NPS; Paulo Emilio achieve the full potential for structural, thermal and
de Miranda, COPPE-UFRJ electrical applications single-wall carbon nanotubes
(SWNTs), double-wall nanotubes (DWNTs), multi-
8:00 AM Invited wall nanotubes (MWNTs) and grapheme need to
Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion Enabled by be developed into fully integrated energy materials.
the Layer-by-layer Technique: Maria A. G. Soler1; Full integration requires their development beyond
Leonardo G. Paterno1; 1Universidade de Brasilia conventional composites so that the level of the non-
The evolution of nanomaterials from relatively nanotube material is designed to integrate fully with
simpler chemical structures and morphologies to those the amount of nanotubes and where the nanotubes
of multiple configurations has driven the development and graphene are part of the matrix rather than a
of energy conversion and storage devices as well differing component, as in the case of conventional
as (bio)chemical sensors. Before getting into such composites. In order to advance the development of
applications, nanomaterials need to be processed multifunctional energy materials from nanotubes and
into thin films. In fact, this is the big hurdle to be graphene, this research is focused on the simultaneous
surmounted before practical nanomaterials-based control of structural properties, thermal and electrical
devices reach the market and come to a widespread conductivity of fully integrated nano composites. These
usage. The layer-by-layer (LbL) technique, a bottom- are hybrid material systems designed to surpass the
up method for thin film preparation has offered a limits of rule of mixtures engineering and composite
wide window of opportunities in this field own to its design. The goals are to implement integrated designs
low cost, easiness on execution, and no-limitation on to fully mimic the properties of carbon nanotubes
substrate type or shape. The LbL technique is based and graphene on larger scales for enhanced thermal
52 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
also radically reduced when heated above 650 °C. were investigated at 1550 °C using sessile-drop in Ar
The HDDR powder contained significant amount atmosphere. Foaming and reduction was improved
of residual hydrogen (approximately 1520 ppm). when palm shell char was used as carbon material.
Some of the residual hydrogen was released during These results indicate that partial replacement of coke
thermal heating and rehydrogenated the powder again with palm shells char is efficient due to improved
when the powder was confined in a closed system. interactions with EAF slag.
Resulting hydrogenated phase (Nd2Fe14BHx) was
11:20 AM
disproportionated during heating above 650 °C, leading
Hybrid Fibers and Nanopowders Reinforced
to formation of a-Fe and Fe2B phases. The radical
Polymer Composites for Wind Energy: Nikoloz
coercivity reduction in the powder heated above 650
Chikhradze1; Fernand Marquis1; Guram Abashidze1;
°C was attributed to the presence of the soft magnetic George Pkhaladze1; 1
Mining Institute/Georgian
phases, a-Fe and Fe2B formed via disproportionation Technical University
of the Nd2Fe14BHx. Fiber-reinforced polymers with high durability,
10:20 AM Invited corrosion resistance, and enhanced mechanical
Clay Ceramics Incorporated with Fuel Containing properties, are successfully used in many industries
Wastes: An Energetic Industrial Contribution: such as aviation, space, auto, marine, construction,
Sergio Monteiro1; Carlos Mauricio Vieira2; 1Military and chemical manufacturing. Hybrid fiber reinforced
Institute of Engineering ; 2LAMAV/UENF materials have high potential for application in
Fired clay ceramic pieces such as bricks and tiles renewable energy industry such as for the production
are worldwide used as building materials. The firing of wind turbine blades. They can successfully
process, usually done at temperatures above 600°C, substitute metals and alloys. Accordingly, the demand
consumes a significant amount of energy, which on new polymeric composites reinforced by fibers
THURSDAY AM
was estimated as much as 2.0 kWh for a common with complex physicochemical and mechanical
brick. The initial incorporation of a waste containing properties is rapidly increasing. One of the perspective
carbonaceous matte into the clay mixture is able to directions in development of polymeric composite
markedly contribute in reducing this embodied energy. materials is production of composites reinforced
This work presents an evaluation of the saving in by different combination of hybrid fibers (carbon /
energy obtained by incorporation of fuel containing glass, carbon/organic, basalt/glass, etc). This enables
wastes into clay ceramics. It is shown that embodied us to obtain materials with the necessary physical
energies as low as 0.3 kWh might be attended in and mechanical properties and optimize the cost of
common bricks. products. In this paper we discuss the results of the
research and development of new hybrid polymeric
11:00 AM
composites reinforced by and hybrid carbon and
High Temperature Reactions of Agricultural Wastes
basalt fibers strengthened by oxides, carbides and
as Material Resources for EAF Steelmaking: Nur
borides nano-powders. The interaction of these nano-
Farhana Diyana Mohd Yunos1; Anis Nadhirah Ismail1;
powders produced from natural raw materials with
Muhammad Asri Idris1; 1University Malaysia Perlis
the polymeric matrix and the hybrid fibers and their
Agriculture waste is renewable source found in
effect on mechanical and adhesive properties are also
iron and steelmaking production that ability to reduce
presented and discussed.
anthropogenic CO2 emission in the world next tackled
the world’s most problematic waste stream. Palm 11:40 AM
shells waste recycled as a carbon source replacing New Binary and Ternary Alloys of Nb Containing
metallurgical coke in EAF steelmaking. The present Re: Ruth Dasary1; Shailendra Varma1; 1The University
paper studies the slag/carbon interaction, and Fe of Texas at El Paso
reduction of the palm shells char. Analytical tools such Re addition to Nb to develop high temperature
as XRF, XRD, TGA-MS and SEM are used to analyze materials has been explored. Of course, the alloy
and understand the structural transformations during development can involve more than 2 or more alloying
release of volatiles that occur at high temperature. elements to Nb. This is a preliminary study to initiate
The gas formation observed by TGA-MS to study the microstructural study of Nb alloys containing Re. Thus
behavior of coke and palm shells at high temperature. Nb based alloys with Re, Si and Cr addition has been
The interactions of coke and palm shell with EAF slag subjected to microstructural characterization in this
study. Nb-5Re has been found to contain only solid a more durable and sustainable composite system. The
solution phase only confirmed by TEM. However, mechanical response of the composites was measured
Nb-5Si reveals Nb5Si3 and Nbss. Nb-5Cr alloy reveals under static and dynamic loading and its durability
Laves phase (NbCr2) and Nbss. It has been observed was accessed by means of microstructural observation
that ternary alloys consist of similar microconstituents. and macro mechanical testing after accelerated
The efforts to characterize the microstructures is to test aging tests. The obtained results indicated that this
the effect of Re on the oxidation resistance in air up to newly developed sustainable material has superior
1400°C. EDS on SEM and XRD have been used for tensile strength and ductility being strong enough
this study. to be used in different types of applications such as
structural panels, impact & blast resistance, repair and
retrofit, earthquake remediation, and strengthening of
4. Composites and Hybrid Materials – unreinforced masonry walls.
Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites 8:40 AM
Program Organizers: Nikhilesh Chawla, Arizona
State University; Krishan Chawla, University Charpy Toughness Behavior of Continuous Malva
of Alabama at Birmingham; Pedro D. Portella, Fibers Reinforced Polyester Matrix Composites:
Federal Institute of Testing and Materials BAM Vinícius Gomes1; Jean Margem1; Frederico Margem1;
Sérgio Monteiro1; 1Universidade Estadual do Norte
Thursday AM Room: Room 11
July 24, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro
Convention Center The malva fiber is one of the less known
lignocellulosic fiber but has now being scientifically
Session Chairs: Krishan Chawla, University of investigated due to its abundance and, availability.
Alabama at Birmingham; Flavio Silva, PUC-Rio This work will investigate the toughness behavior of
THURSDAY AM
54 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
180°C using DMA equipment on its bending mode. Sergio Monteiro2; Frederico Magem1; Rômulo
The results show that the incorporation of sisal fiber Loyola1; 1State University of the Northern Rio de
tends to increase the matrix viscoelastic stiffness, Janeiro; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia , IME
and dislocate tangent delta to higher temperatures. The natural fiber extracted from the leaves of
These properties are amplified when thinner fibers are curaua plant, Ananas erectifolius, are currently among
incorporated in the composite So the polyester matrix the most studied natural fibers, Mostly because of its
molecular mobility is more affected by it interaction mechanical performance associated with high tensile
with thinner fibers than with the normal sisal fibers. strength and flexural strength. It is known that with
9:20 AM the increase of fibers volume fraction the composite
Mechanical Behaviour of Fique Fibers: Henry significant increases its tensile strength. This was
Colorado1; Sergio Neves Monteiro2; 1Universidad de obtained with amounts up to 30% in volume of curaua.
Antioquia; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia However no higher volume of fibers was able to be
This paper presents the tensile behavior of fique molded in a composite plate until now. Thus the present
fibers. Fique is a natural fiber obtained from the leaves work aims to study higher volumes of fiber in terms
of the fique plant, Furcraea andina. Fibers used were of the influence on the tensile strength of specimens
obtained from Colombia. The relation of fiber diameter prepared under 5 tons of pressure. The fibers were
and tensile strength is determined by the single fiber test previously washed and dried in an oven at 60oC, after
method. Experiments under different strain rates and that poured together with the epoxy resin and catalyst
Weibull statistics are also included. Microstructure is mixture in the metal molds bone-shaped, and pressured
evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. to ensure specimens quality. The tensile strength
increased significantly with higher amounts of curaua
9:40 AM Break fiber incorporated in the epoxy matrix. This better
THURSDAY AM
10:00 AM performance can be directly related to the fracture
Tensile Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced obstacle imposed by the fibers as well as the type of
with Continuous Banana Fibers: Foluke Salgado1; cracks resulting from the fiber/matrix interaction.
Frederico Margem1; Sergio Monteiro2; Pedro Netto1; 10:40 AM
1
State University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro; Thermal Characterization of Polymer Composites
2
Engineering Military Institute of Epoxy Resin Reinforced with Sugar Cane
The banana fiber is one of the most scientifically Bagasse Fiber: Veronica Scarpini Candido1; George
investigated natural fiber due to its easy obtention Lobo Nobre Fernandes1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1;
and abundance. Studies on some varieties, such as the 1
Instituto Militar de Engenharia
Musaceae family, are scarce. So the objective of this The gradual awareness of the countries on
work is to test the tensile properties of DGEBA/TETA environmental policies demands that materials
epoxy matrix composites reinforced with different of low cost of fabrication and that cause the least
amounts of banana fibers. Composites reinforce environmental impact possible are studied. Polymeric
with up to 30% in volume of long, continuous and composites reinforced with natural fibers, among them
aligned banana fibers were room temperature tested the fiber from sugar cane bagasse, emerge as a viable
in an Instron machine. The fracture was analyzed alternative because it combines sustainability with
by SEM. The results showed significant increase in high technological performance. Therefore, the aim
the mechanical tensile properties with the increase of this study was to characterize the composites made
in the amount of banana fibers. Those properties with fibers from sugarcane bagasse, through TG, DSC
were compared with other bend-tested composites and DMA analysis. To achieve the goals, sugar cane
results. The fracture analysis revealed a weak fiber/ bagasse was washed and then dried at 60 ° C for 24
matrix interface, which could be responsible for the hours. Thereafter the fibers were extracted. Composites
performance of the property result. Keywords: banana with 0, 10, 20 and 30 % of volume of fiber were selected
fiber, epoxy matrix composite, tensile properties, SEM and subsequently underwent thermal tests. The results
fracture analysis. showed that there are two mass losses. The first occurs
10:20 AM at temperature around 360 ºC, and the second, around
Under Pressure Tensile Epoxy Composites with 410 ºC. Both losses are probably associated with the
High Amount of Curaua Fibers: Noan Simonassi1; degradation of the polymer chains. Furthermore, the
56 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
challenge. Cracks are often not visible clinically nor healing concept was adopted using urea-formaldehyde
detectable in radiographs. Quantitative percussion microcapsules containing room temperature curing
diagnostics (QPD) presents a novel approach to epoxy resin system (SC-15) as the healing agent
locating cracks and fractures in teeth. QPD was prepared by in-situ polymerization. Microcapsules
compared to transillumination, clinical microscope were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared
and dye penetrant to evaluate the diagnostic parity Spectroscopy (FTIR) for structural analysis. Size and
between QPD and the other methods. Thirty shape of microcapsules were studied using optical
extracted teeth and 23 three-dimensional copy replica microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy
control teeth were mounted in acrylic resin with a (SEM). Size of the microcapsules was between 30-
periodontal ligament substitute and then tested using 100µm. Thermal characterization was carried out
QPD. Each specimen was then examined using a using thermogravimetric analysis. Microcapsules were
conventional transillumination protocol and also thermally stable till 210 °C without any significant
with the aid of a clinical microscope, dye penetrant decomposition. Fiber reinforced composite fabrication
and transillumination combined. All visible tooth was done in three different steps. In first step, epoxy
cracks were documented. During the microscopic resin was encapsulated in urea-formaldehyde shell
examination, all visible cracks were also removed material which was confirmed by FTIR analysis. On
with a water cooled fine diamond bur. QPD crack next step, encapsulation of amine hardener was
detection based on irregularities in the percussion achieved by vacuum infiltration method. Finally,
response of the specimens agreed with this destructive these two different microcapsules were added with
microscopic method in 52 of 53 comparisons (98% liquid SC-15 at 10:3 ratio and composite fabrication
agreement). Moreover, QPD achieved 96% specificity was done with hand layup method. Finally, healing
and 100% sensitivity for detecting cracks in the tooth performance was measured in terms of low velocity
THURSDAY AM
specimens. When all tooth cracks were removed, QPD impact test and themoscopic analysis.
generally indicated no further structural instability.
8:40 AM
Dynamic finite element analysis models were also
Two Photon Polymerization of Photosensitive
performed which demonstrate that the irregularities in
Polymers and Organically-modified Ceramic
the percussion response data correspond to intermittent
Materials for Medical Applications: Roger Narayan1;
high frequency contact events between crack faces 1
UNC/NCSU Joint Department of Biomedical
inside the tooth structure.
Engineering
8:20 AM Two photon polymerization is a 3D fabrication
Self-healing Epoxy Composite- Preparation, process that involves use of ultrashort laser pulses
Characterization and Healing Performance: Reaz to selectively polymerize photosensitive resins into
Chowdhury1; Mahesh Hosur1; Md. Nuruddin1; Alfred microscale structures. The process involves near
Tcherbi-Narteh1; Ashok Kumar2; Veera Boddu2; simultaneous absorption of two photons within a
Jonathan Trovillion2; Shaik Jeelani1; 1
Tuskegee small volume within a short time frame; this type of
University; 2U.S. Army Engineer Research and electronic excitation is similar to that by a single photon
Development Center exhibiting significantly higher energy. The nonlinear
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite nature of two photon absorption enables processing of
materials have shown promising result as replacements structures with features below the diffraction limit. A
for traditional materials in structural applications. structure that exhibits an arbitrary geometry may be
Low velocity impact damage is common in fiber created by polymerizing the photosensitive material
reinforced composites which leads to micro -crack along the laser trace, which is translated in three
and interfacial debonding, where damage is dimensions using a micropositioning apparatus. Recent
microscopic and invisible. The concept of self- medical applications of two photon polymerization
healing composites can be a way of overcoming this have included processing of microstructured
limitation and extending the life expectancy, while devices out of polymers and organically-modified
expanding their usage in structural applications. Self- ceramic (Ormocer®) materials. Use of two photon
healing concept can be intrinsic or extrinsic where polymerization to create a variety of medically-
external stimulation is required to activate the process relevant structures, including bone prostheses,
of self-healing. In the current study, the extrinsic self- scaffolds for tissue engineering, and microneedles
for transdermal drug delivery, will be reviewed. In properties, biocompatibility and the possibility to
addition, use of in vitro studies for assessing relevant be mixed with other polymers. This protein can be
polymers and organically-modified ceramic materials solubilizated in supersaturated solutions of salts
will be discussed. These results indicate that two such as LiBr, CaCl2, and others to develop products
photon polymerization is an attractive 3D fabrication with potential applications in medical textiles, tissue
process for producing many types of small-scale engineering, coatings, etc. Fibroin was obtained from
medical devices. fibrous Colombian silk waste (SW) by solubilization
with a solution of CaCl2 (SFW Ca). The dilution
9:00 AM
was filtered and underwent into a dialysis process
Effect of Temperature Crystallization on Lithium
with distilled water to remove the remaining salts.
Disilicate Density: Suzana Santos1; Carlos Elias1;
The obtained solution was clear out into glass molds
1
Instituto Militar de Engenharia
and dried at room temperature to obtain translucent
Only in recent years, the use of glass ceramics as
films. The thermal properties of the obtained films
biomaterials was studied. The goal of this research
are compared with SW. The SW and SFW Ca were
is to development a glass ceramic for biomaterial
characterized using Thermogravimetric Analysis
application. This work analyze the relationship
(TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC).
between the glass crystallization temperature and
The differences in the thermal properties of the resulting
its density. The desired glass ceramic was a lithium
fibroin, with respect to the raw material were analyzed.
disilicate material. Crystallization of lithium dissilicate
From the obtained results so far, it is concluded that is
has a direct influence on its relativity density and its
possible to obtain fibroin from the fibrous waste coming
biocompatibility. Samples are cut from amorphous
from silk fiber textile processing, as an alternative to
disilicate bars and heating in a conventional furnace
add value to these byproducts. The differences in the
at three different temperatures ( 580°C, 630°C and
THURSDAY AM
58 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
values obtained with the new methodology exhibited nano fillers used for preparation of clay/polymer
a higher percentage variation of wear when compared nanocomposites. In this paper the experimental results
to the consolidated gravimetric analysis, indicating of a commercial organoclay Naob and natural rubber/
the existence of another phenomena. A reduced NAOB nanocomposite are presented. The amount of
crystallinity of the cross-linked polymer was observed clay used was 10 phr. For comparison were prepared
on the worn portion in comparison to the unaffected composites of natural rubber containing 10 phr and
material, whereas no significant changes were 40 phr of carbon-black. The clay was characterized
identified in the conventional polymer. by techniques of XRD, IR, SEM, stereoscopic
microscopy and Foster swelling. The composites were
10:20 AM
test by XRD, SEM, IR, SEM and Shore A hardness
Thermal Properties of Keratin Obtained from
and mechanical strength. The organoclay showed
Chicken Feathers: Adriana Restrepo-Osorio1; Daniel
swelling in various organic solvents and basal spacing,
Pelaez1; Luis Ocampo1; Catalina Alvarez-López1;
measured by XRD, consistent with the intercalation
1
Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
of organic compound between the layers of clay
Chicken feathers are a material that is composed
minerals. The obtained space between layers is a
by 91% keratin, 1% lipid, 8% water, and impurities
proof the realization of the organoclay nanocomposite/
from the slaughtering process. Keratin has applications
rubber. Natural rubber showed elongation at break
in cosmetics, coatings, cell culturing, food and drug
of 700 % and nanocomposite Natural rubber/clay
delivery due to its properties such as biocompatibility,
of 625%, higher than the values of the composites
biodegradability and moisture absorption. This protein
containing carbon black. The nanocomposite had a
is insoluble in polar solvents such as water, weak acids
Shore A hardness similar to the composite with 40 phr
and bases, and non-polar solvents. Nonetheless, it can
of carbon black. Vulcanized natural rubber showed
be hydrolyzed in sodium sulfide (Na2S•9H2O) and
THURSDAY AM
tensile strength at break of 3.2 MPa, the natural rubber
sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4) to develop translucent
with 10 phr of carbon black, 10.5 MPa, the natural
films. Before the dissolution, samples were milled and
rubber with with 40 phr of carbon black 11.2 MPa and
taken to a Soxhlet extractor device with petroleum
the nanocomposite with 10phr of Naob, 24MPa.
ether to remove fats and impurities present in them.
Then, the samples were allowed to air dry. Degreased 11:00 AM Concluding Comments
samples were dissolved in an aqueous solution of
sodium sulfide (Na2S•9H2O) and sodium hydrosulfite
(Na2S2O4). The mixture was agitated at 80°C and then 6. Mechanical Behavior of Structural
filtered to separate the insoluble parts of feathers. The Materials – Mechanical Behavior of
obtained keratin solution was dialyzed. The solution Materials
was poured into petri dishes and dried. Those samples Program Organizers: Michael Kassner,
were analyzed by means of Thermogravimetric University of Southern California; Andrea Hodge,
University of Southern California; Paulo Cetlin,
Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Federal University of Minas Gerais; Leonardo
(DSC).The obtained results show differences in the Godefroid, Federal University of Ouro Preto
thermal properties of the raw material and the obtained
keratin films according to those reported by other Thursday AM Room: Room 16
authors, where it is established the structure change of July 24, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca
Convention Center
the obtained keratin with respect to what is found in
the raw material. In this paper all the pen is used as
Session Chairs: Michael Kassner, University of
an alternative to use with potential applications as a
Southern California; Paulo Cetlin, Federal University
biomaterial.
of Minas Gerais
10:40 AM
Natural Rubber/Naob Clay Nanocomposites:
8:00 AM Invited
Francisco Valenzuela-Diaz1; Guillermo Ruperto
Long Range Internal Stresses in Materials: Michael
Cortes1; Antonio Santana1; Adriana Almeida2;
Kassner1; 1University of Southern California
Alexandre Dantas3; 1Universidade de Sao Paulo;
Internal stresses are widely suggested to exist in
2
UFCG; 3Bentonisa
the vicinity of dislocation heterogeneities in deformed
Organophilic clay is one of the main kind of
60 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
also at cryogenic temperature. Detailed deformation MD simulations provide the missing link. Namely, an
behavior of the steels have been investigated by TEM, order-of-magnitude reduction of grain-boundary shear
EBSD and correlated with impact properties and strength due to amorphization, combined with tensile
dynamic compression properties. strength education, allows the crack tip to always find
9:40 AM Break an easy propagation path. (2) Nanobubble Collapse
on Silica Surface in Water – Billion-atom Reactive
10:00 AM MD Simulations: Cavitation bubbles readily occur in
Strain Path Effects on the Development of fluids subjected to rapid changes in pressure. We use
Shear Bands during Shear Tests in Aluminum billion-atom simulations to investigate chemical and
Alloy Processed by ECAP: Maria Teresa Aguilar1; mechanical damages caused by shock-induced collapse
Paulo Cetlin1; Roberto Figueiredo1; Cleber Faria1; of nanobubbles in water near silica surface. Collapse
1
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais of an empty nanobubble generates high-speed nanojet,
ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) involves resulting in the formation of a pit on the surface. The
the pressing of a prismatic specimen through two pit contains a large number of silanol groups and its
channels with the cross-section identical to that of volume is found to be directly proportional to the
the specimen and intercepting at a certain angle. The volume of the nanobubble. The gas-filled bubbles
specimen undergoes shearing over a single plane but no undergo partial collapse and consequently the damage
dimensional changes, leading to a possible anisotropy on the silica surface is mitigated. Acknowledgement:
in the mechanical properties of the processed This Research is supported by the DOE-BES-TCMP
specimen. In addition, multiple ECAP passes lead to Grant DE-FG02-04ER46130.
a severe refinement of the material structure, which is
a function of the angle between the channels and the 11:00 AM
rotation of the sample in successive passes (the so- Low Temperature Creep: Michael Kassner1;
THURSDAY AM
called “processing route”). An analysis is presented
1
University of Southern California
of the mechanical and microstrucutural anisotropy Creep is generally associated with time-dependent
along three orthogonal axis in a aluminum alloy plasticity at relatively low stresses at elevated
specimen processed along three different processing temperatures, generally above 0.6Tm. However,
routes. The mechanical properties were evaluated creep plasticity can occur at much lower temperatures
through shearing tests, and the stress-strain curves such as ambient temperature or below 0.3Tm. Low
thus determined revealed that the mechanical behavior temperature creep literature will be reviewed with a
of the commercial purity aluminum after ECAP discussion of phenomenological relationships that
depends on the processing route. The analysis of the have been use to describe low-temperature creep.
specimen surfaces after testing revealed the presence These are cases that are both at low temperatures
of shearing bands whose orientation also depended on and also stresses below that of the conventional yield
the processing route. stress assessed at conventional strain-rates. This will
be followed by a discussion of recent experiments on
10:20 AM Invited austenitic stainless steel.
Thermomechanical Behaviour and Materials
Damage: Multimillion-billion Atom Reactive 11:20 AM
Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations: Priya Evolution of the Internal Interfaces in a 12%Cr
Vashishta1; 1University of Southern California Tempered Martensite Ferritic Steel during Creep:
Formation of (Fe,Cr)2Mo Laves Phase: Mehmet
Reactive MD simulations are used to investigate
Isik1; Aleksander Kostka1; Gunther Eggeler2; 1Max
critical issues in the area materials damage and
Planck Institut für Eisenforschung; 2Institut für
reactive processes in metals and glasses under
Werkstoffe, Ruhr-Universität Bochum
extreme conditions. In this talk I will discuss two
Present work reports the nucleation of (Fe,Cr)2Mo
simulations. (1) Embrittlement of Nickel by Solute
Laves phase particles during high temperature exposure
Segregation-induced Amorphization: A prime example
of a tempered martensite ferritic steel (German grade
is sulfur segregation-induced embrittlement of nickel,
X20). We perform aging experiments and creep tests
where an observed relation between sulfur-induced
at 550°C and study the resulting microstructures using
amorphization of grain boundaries and embrittlement
analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
remains unexplained. Here, 48 million-atom reactive
and atom probe tomography (APT). Phase equilibria
combination of the two aforementioned factors have cathodic arc deposition technique (CAPVD). The
been revealed as the causes of spalling. The factors deposition chamber comprises three cathodes, each
that affect spalling can be divided into internal and one capable of independent operation and having
external factors in relation to the mechanical properties dedicated power supplies. The deposition process
of the concrete itself. Therefore, for a thorough consists of three steps: ion etching; deposition of a
understanding of spalling these two factors should be bond layer and deposition of the nanoscaled multilayer
sufficiently considered. If heating velocity, one of the coating. The modulated structures were obtained by
external factors, differs, the behaviors of condensation rotating the substrate holder, and letting the samples
and vapor pressure in concrete may vary as a result. In alternately face the Nb and Cr targets, such that the
this study, different concrete specimens with various multilayer period was controlled by modifying the
strengths of 30MPa, 50MPa, 70MPa, 90MPa, and rotating speed of the holder. Three multilayer NbN/
110MPa were heated at the heating velocity of 1°C/ CrN coatings were produced with different periodicity
min and the ISO-834 Standard Fire Curve to evaluate (4 nm, 8 nm and 20 nm), all with total thickness of
spalling shape, vapor pressure, and thermal strain. 30 µm. X-Ray diffraction and Transmission Electron
Through the research, it was found that the higher the Microscopy analyses provided the d-lattice spacing
strength that the concrete develops, the more section is of the constituent layers, periodicity (by satellite peak
lost. In addition, the rising velocity of vapor pressure analysis) and structural description of the multilayers.
on the concrete’s surface at an early phase and the In addition to the CrN and NbN peaks, the XRD analysis
cancellation effect with initial pressure caused by the indicated modulation peaks, whose intensity increases
thermal expansion were found to have a significant with decreasing periodicity, increasing stoichiometry
impact on the concrete spalling. of the layers and sharper interfaces. For the 20 nm
periodicity the modulation peaks disappear. Hardness
increased as the periodicity decreased, showing that
interfacial effects can greatly influence the mechanical
properties, leading to a higher toughness coating.
8:20 AM
A Kinetic Study of Cobalt Electrodeposition in
Acid Sulfate Solutions: Ana Paula Siston1; Oswaldo
62 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
Barcia1; Susana Diaz2; Oscar Mattos2; 1Instituto de include X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Scanning
Química /UFRJ; 2LNDC/COPPE/UFRJ Electron Microscopy (SEM). In order to compare the
Kinetic models to describe Co electrodeposition hardness of the directionally solidified ingot and strip
have been associated with a restricted number of castings with the atomized powder, compaction and
experimental data and, for this reason, are not capable extrusion of the latter were carried out. The results
to fully predict the cathodic behavior in acid sulfate will be described in this presentation.
solutions. In this work, a systematic study on the kinetics
9:00 AM
of Co electrodeposition in CoSO4.7H2O solutions was
Corrosion Resistance of DLC Hard Coatings
carried out in different Co++ concentrations (0.1, 0.4
Deposited over Nitrided PH Stainless Steel: Sonia
and 1.0 M) and pH values (1, 2 and 3) by means of
Brühl1; Eugenia Dalibon1; Amado Cabo2; Lânia
potentiostatic polarization curves and electrochemical Pereira3; Vladimir Trava Airoldi3; 1UTN - National
impedance spectroscopy. An attempt was made to University of Technology; 2IONAR S.A.; 3National
provide a deeper insight into the electrode reaction Institute for Space Research-INPE
mechanism, aiming to a comprehensive model for Co Diamond-like coatings -DLC -are thin and hard
electrodeposition. The polarization results presented coatings which can be deposited by plasma assisted
two distinct regions: a non-linear part, at low cathodic techniques, such as Chemical Vapour Deposition
potentials, followed by a quite linear one. At the first (PACVD). DLC films are known to be inert, very hard,
region, wherein the efficiency for metallic deposition with a low friction coefficient against steel and ceramic
is extremely low, the impedance results showed that materials and it can be considered as a good coating for
hydrogen reduction predominates. High efficiency precipitation hardening steels (PH) to increase work
on metallic deposition was only detected at the linear life of components used in plastic injection molds
part of the curves. In this region, the formation of where abrasion and corrosion are the main degradation
THURSDAY AM
different adsorbed intermediates at the cathode surface mechanisms.In this work a DLC film was deposited
was evidenced by electrochemical impedance and
over ion nitrided PH stainless steel Corrax® with a
the relative rate of their formation depended on the
Si interlayer in a CVD Plasma, where the plasma was
solution composition and pH.
generated and sustained by an asymmetric pulsed
8:40 AM DC discharge. A nitrided sample was compared in
Microstructural and Hardness Analysis of Extruded all tests with a DLC coated sample and a duplex one
Sn-0.7Cu Solder Alloy: Abdoul-Aziz Bogno1; Jose (nitrided+coating). Nitriding has been carried out in an
Eduardo Spinelli2; Hani Henein1; 1University of industrial facility with a pulsed DC discharge. Raman
Alberta; 2Federal University of Sao Carlos spectroscopy indicated that the film was hydrogenated
The properties and performance of lead-free amorphous carbon, with 20% H2. The nitrided case
solder alloys such as fluidity and wettability are was 14 microns thick, and the coating, 1.5-1.8 microns.
defined by the alloy composition and solidification The coated samples showed no signs of corrosion
microstructure. Rapid solidification of metallic alloys after 100 h immersion in a salt spray fog test. In the
is known to result in refined microstructures with electrochemical tests the nitrided steel sample and the
reduced microsegregation and improved mechanical only coated one had a better behavior than the non
properties of the final products as compared to normal treated steel but the duplex sample (nitrided+DLC)
castings. The rapidly solidified Sn-based solders by was the best, with the higher breakdown potential in
melt spinning were shown to be suitable for soldering 3.5% NaCl solution.
with low temperature and short soldering duration. 9:20 AM
In the present study, rapidly solidified Sn-0.7wt% Cu Wear Mechanism of Stellite Bearing Used in Zinc
droplets generated by Impulse Atomization (IA) were Bath and the Effect on Galvanizing Line of Flat
achieved as well as directional solidification under Steel Production: Hamid Bayati1; Saeed Al-Shahrani1;
transient conditions at lower cooling rate. This paper Shahreer Ahmed1; 1SABIC
reports on a comparative study of the rapidly solidified Hot-dip galvanization is a process commonly used
and the directionally solidified samples. Different but by steel industry to coat the steel sheet with a thin
complementary characterization techniques were used layer of zinc. In continuous galvanizing line, CGL,
to fully analyse the solidification microstructures of the steel sheet is annealed prior to immerging into a bath
samples obtained under the two cooling regimes. These of molten lightly alloyed zinc at a temperature around
4600°C. Steel sheet is guided through the heated zinc and layer thickness on the mechanical behavior,
bath by sink and stabilizing rolls for few seconds.The including strength, ductility and cracking behavior.
zinc bath consists of more than 98% pure zinc and less MEAM 2NN interatomic potential has been used in
than 2% additives, most commonly aluminum, nickel, the simulations. The interface dislocation structure
and bismuth, which help with zinc fluidity, coating was characterized by combining MD simulations
adherence and appearance, formability, weldability, and atomically informed Frank-Bilby theory. Two
and consumption. Therefore the chemistry of the zinc sets of pure edge misfit dislocations have been
bath, cleanness of the steel surface, and temperature identified. Plastic deformation in NbC/Nb multilayers
of the bath play major role in quality and properties of commences first in the metal layers by nucleation and
the coating. Pot hardware, including rolls and bearing, glide of lattice dislocations initiating from interface
is totally immerged in the zinc bath and exposed to a misfit dislocations. These dislocations glide in the
highly stressed condition. Formation of dross , Fe-Al- Nb layer and are deposited at the interface. Cracks
Zn & Fe-Zn, in zinc bath and the hard Al-Co particles are formed at the surface of the NbC layer along the
on surface of the Co-Cr based bearings results in severe trace of the deposited dislocations on the interface. The
wear on coupling pair. This results in frequent change strain hardening and the peak flow strength of NbC/Nb
of the worn bearings and cleaning the sink roll surface multilayers are associated with the slip transmission
which are costly and adversely affect the productivity. from Nb to NbC, and are correlated to the interfacial
This study investigates the formation of abrasive dislocations, Nb layer thickness, and NbC layer
particle in zinc bath along with detailed mechanism thickness. The flow strength and also strain hardening
of wear in bearings. The outcome would be used to rate decrease with increasing Nb layer thickness and
suggest appropriate solution to the bearings wear. decreasing the NbC layer thickness.
10:40 AM Invited
THURSDAY AM
64 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
the case of missions to Mars or the inner solar system. lightweight auto-body from thinner sheet in the
11:20 AM automotive industry. High strength formable steels are
Atomistic Simulations of Nanofoams: Eduardo one way to meet the requirement in spite of their high
Bringa1; Diana Farkas2; Alfredo Caro3; 1CONICET- density. One example in this family is dual phase (DP)
Universidad Nacional de Cuyo; 2Virginia Polytechnic steel which consists of soft matrix of ferrite grains
Institute and State University; 3Los Alamos National and hard martensite islands. This study concerns
Laboratory the mechanical behaviour of strain aged DP steel.A
We report the results of computational tensile and commercial dual phase steel (DP 800) was strained to
compressive tests for model bi-continuous nanoporous 3.5 % followed by annealing at 180°C for 30 min. The
gold structures using atomistic simulations with effect of temperature and strain rate on the mechanical
empirical many-body potentials and molecular behavior of this material have been investigated by
dynamics. The results are compared with the uniaxial tensile test experimentally and theoretically,
predictions of scaling laws for coarser-scale foams and covering the applicable temperatures (-60°C to 100°C)
with available experimental data. We find a surprising and strain rates (1•10-4 to 1•102 s-1) experienced in
substantial tension/compression asymmetry in yield automotive crash situations. Yield and ultimate tensile
due to the surface stress that sets the filament under strength, ductility, temperature effects and strain
compression, providing a bias favoring yielding in rate sensitivity have been determined and discussed.
compression. We provide a model for our results based A constitutive model for the material is presented to
on a ligament strength value close to the theoretical describe the material behavior in crash situations by
strength of Au, and the surface stress. The model considering the athermal and thermal stress component.
predicts a significant tension/compression asymmetry Solar Light Metal Oxides Reduction under Vacuum:
for ligament sizes below 10 nm and pore collapse Irina Vishnevetsky1; Michael Epstein1; 1Weizmann
for ligament sizes below 1 nm. We also observe Institute of Science
an unexpected compaction tendency under tension Atoms of light metals and metalloids such as Al,
characterized by a decrease in the total volume of the Mg and B have a strong bond with oxygen atoms
sample of 15% for samples deformed under tension and reduction of their oxides requires high energy
by 30%. The mechanism of the compaction involves input. Therefore, solar thermal carboreduction can
a decrease in the average pore size and pore collapse be considered as a promising option when at least
resulting from plasticity within the ligaments. For part of the necessary energy can be provided from
compaction beyond 30% we observe increasing concentrated solar radiation. A major difficulty is the
ligament fusion leading to tremendous hardening, in high reaction temperature at atmospheric pressure that
agreement with experimental results. according to Le-Chatelier principle can be reduced
11:40 AM Break in vacuum by decreasing the partial pressure of the
product gases. This, however, requires additional
POSTERS
energy consumption for the pumping. Thermodynamic
considerations associated with this process will be
Poster Session – Session 1
Program Organizer: Marc Meyers, University of discussed along with experimental results obtained
California, San Diego in a wide range of tests parameters in vacuum using
induction heating furnace and solar reactor. Reaction
Tuesday AM Room: Expomet Site
mixtures were prepared using wood charcoal as carbon
July 22, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca
Convention Center
source, alumina, magnesia or boron oxide powder
from Sigma-Aldrih mixed with 10 wt% sugar powder
Session Chair: To Be Announced as a binder. The mixtures were pressed at 10 tons to
pellets and heated up to 165°C during 20 min. The
main thermodynamic characteristics will be presented
Temperature and Strain Rate Effects on the together with experimental results such as the proper
Mechanical Behaviour of Strain Aged Dual Phase oxygen yield in the CO product, pure elements yield as
Steel: Yu Cao1; 1Chalmers University of Technology a function of the CO partial pressure (0.01 – 2.6 mbar),
In order to reduce exhaust gas emission of CO2 temperatures in the reaction zone (1400°C - 1800°C)
and increase fuel efficiency, it is necessary to design and in vapor deposition locations. Kinetic parameters
also will be presented. Maximum element yield were increases as the particles size decreases. These maybe
92-93% for magnesium (0.02-0.04 mbar averaged the main causes of electrokinetic characteristics of
Pco) and 74-90% for aluminum (0.02-0.04 mbar) at different sizes kaolinite particles in aqueous solutions.
averaged temperature in the reaction zone 1530°C. Hydration Layers on Clay Mineral Surfaces
Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Composites in Aqueous Solutions: A Review: Fanfei Min1;
Reinforced with Fiber Sponge Gourd: Veronica Chenliang Peng2; Shaoxian Song3; 1Anhui university
Scarpini Candido1; Michel Picanço de Olivera1; Lucas of science and technology; 2Anhui University of
Pinheiro Saurin1; Sergio Neves Monteiro1; 1Instituto Science and Technology; 3Universidad Autonoma de
Militar de Engenharia San Luis Potosi
This work aims to investigate the thermal characteristics Hydration layers on clay mineral surfaces are
of polymerical composites reenhanced with vegetal originated from the adsorption of polar water molecules
fiber. The samples, produced with proportions of 0, 10, and hydrated cations on the surfaces through unsaturated
20 and 30% (w/w), were characterized by the thermal ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and van der Waals bonds,
analysis procedures (TG e DSC) and DMA. As the which have attracted great attentions because of their
amount of fiber in the composite was risen, the thermal important influences on the dispersive stability of the
stability of the composites became lower, achieving a particles in aqueous solutions. This review highlights
steady-state at around 275°C. It was also determined the molecular structure of clay minerals, the origin
that the proportion of 10% of the composite’s material of hydration layers on clay mineral surfaces, the
represented by the weight of natural fibers is the hydration layer structural model, hydration force and
structure which provides the highest temperature the main parameters of the hydration layers on clay
resistance to the polymer among the tested samples. minerals (including those of crystal structure, cationic
Effects of Cleavage Coefficient on the Electrokinetic type and strength, and solution pH). Also, the research
Properties of Kaolinite Particles before and after methods for hydration layers are briefly described,
Breakage: Fanfei Min1; Lingyun Liu1; Mingxu especially the determination of hydration layer
thickness by the Einstein viscosity method and AFM
Zhang1; Shaoxian Song2; 1Anhui University of Science
method. In addition, the applications of the stability of
and Technology; 2Universidad Autonoma de San Luis
fine clay mineral particles in aqueous suspensions are
Potosi
summarized.
The zeta potentials of different sizes of kaolinite
particles in aqueous solutions were determined by Study on the Rule of Dielectric Response in the
using the ZetaProbe Analyzer. By analyzing the High-sulfur Coking Coal and Sulfur-containing
different effects of breakage and cleavage ways on the Model Compounds: Mingxu Zhang1; Fanfei Min1;
each surface area of kaolinite particles, the effects of Chuanchuan Cai1; 1Anhui University of Science and
cleavage coefficient on the electrokinetic properties Technology
POSTERS
of kaolinite particles before and after breakage This paper aims at studying the rule of dielectric
were analyzed. The results show that the IEPs of response in the typical high-sulfur coking coal and
kaolinite particles with D50=0.30μm, D50=4.65μm obtaining the absorption frequency range of wave
and D50=7.95μm decreases first and then increases energy, which provide support for condition selection
as the D50 of kaolinite particles increasing from in microwave desulfurization. Transmission reflection
0.30μm to 7.95μm. As the particles size increasing, method has been used to test dielectric constant of
the negative zeta potential increases in the pH range Shanxi high-sulfur coking coal in the frequency
of between pH=3.00 and pH=7.40, but decreases range of 0.2-18 GHz. And XPS has been applied to
first and then increases in the pH range of larger ascertain the organic sulfur occurrence regularity,
than pH7.40. The cleavage coefficient K reflects the screen out typical sulfur-containing model compounds
rules of electrokinetic properties of kaolinite particles and tested complex permittivity. The results show that
changing before and after breakage. The electrokinetic three selected coal samples have significant difference
properties of kaolinite particles keep constant before in dielectric response and several dielectric response
and after breakage with the cleavage coefficient K peaks have appeared. The real parts of Xinyu raw coal
equal to the equipotential cleavage coefficient K’, decrease with the increase of the change frequency,
but has different changing rules with the K=0,0<K< which conforms to Debye relaxation. Both Xinyang
K’,K’<K<1 and K=1. The cleavage coefficient K raw coal and Xinliu cleaned coal have the similar
66 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
growth trend. Along with the change of frequency, Concentration of a Brazilian Refratary Bauxite by
the permittivity real parts of the five sulfur-containing Direct Flotation: Felipe André Barbosa1; Mauricio
model compounds basically have consistent variation Bergerman1; Daniela Horta1; 1
Alfenas Federal
tendencies. That is Diphenyl sulfoxide > Diphenyl University
sulfone > Diphenyl disulfide > Dibenzothiophene> Bauxite is an ore that consists of aluminum hydroxide
N-octadecyl, the size of the permittivity real parts minerals and impurities which are mainly composed
decreases with the increase of the change frequency, by silicates, iron oxides (goethite and hematite),
which meets the change rule of dielectric. The titanium oxides, aluminosilicates, among others.
dielectric response of Aromatic sulfur-containing The studied bauxite ore is intended to the refractory
model compounds is stronger than Aliphatic model industry, whose market specifications request for iron
sulfur compounds. content lesser than 2.5%. The objective of this study
was to investigate the applicability of direct flotation
Selection of Roasting Additives and Active
route so as to concentrate bauxite ore from Barro
Mechanism for Vanadium Extraction from Stone
Alto-GO. The sample was initially comminuted and
Coal: Yi-min Zhang1; Shen-xu Bao1; Xiao-bo Zhu1;
characterized. After that, it were accomplished flotation
1
Wuhan University of Technology
experiments in order to investigate the influence of
Conventional NaCl roasting-water leaching
collector (Hidroxamate-Cytec) dosage, flotation pH
technique is not suitable for high calcium mica-type
(8.5, 9.5, 10.5) and milling time (6, 8 e 10 min) on
stone coal. Different sodium salts and potassium salts
the reduction of the iron content. It was observed
were selected as roasting additives for vanadium
that the increase of collector dosage conducted to the
extraction from stone coal combining with NaCl and
increase in metallurgic recovery of alumina (Al2O3),
the results show that K2SO4 is the optimal one. When
and consequent decrease in its grade besides a rise in
NaCl is solely used as additive, most calcium easily
the Fe2O3 content. With the same collector dosage (395
reacts with SiO2 and vanadium to form water-insoluble
g/t), it was found that the pH which yielded the greater
calcium vanadates, which leads to low water leaching
performance of concentration by flotation was 9.5. The
rate of vanadium. As K2SO4 is added, the K2SO4 is
study of the influence of milling time revealed that the
decomposed into K2O and SO2 during roasting. On
major milling time (10 min) produced more efficient
one hand, the K2O can accelerate the decomposition
results of Al2O3 recovery, and content of both alumina
of vanadium-bearing mica-type minerals and enhance
and contaminants. The experiment which conducted to
the liberation of vanadium by forming potassium-soda
more appropriated results was those carried out with
feldspar. On the other hand, the released SO2 will
395 g/t of collector, pH 9.5 and 10 min of milling. The
react with active calcium to from anhydrite, which
result was a concentrated with 3.74% of Fe2O3, 60.00%
suppresses the formation of calcium vanadates. The
of Al2O3 and metallurgic recovery of 40.87%.
SEM-EDS results also demonstrate that there are no
or tiny calcium vanadates in roasting products when
POSTERS
Tensile Behavior of an Eutectic Pb-Sn Alloy
4% NaCl and 8% K2SO4 are added. Thermodynamic Processed by ECAP and Rolling: Lívia Lugon1;
calculations indicate that calcium vanadates inevitably Roberto Figueiredo1; Paulo Cetlin1; 1Universidade
form during roasting of high calcium stone coal with Federal de Minas Gerais
solely NaCl. However, the anhydrite is produced more An eutectic lead-tin alloy was prepared by melting
easily than anorthite and potassium-soda feldspar, the commercially pure metals and cast in cylindrical
thus in case K2SO4 is added, the released SO2 will molds with 10 mm diameter. The billets were processed
preferential react with calcium and this is beneficial by 4 passes of ECAP using a die with 90° between
to the formation of potassium-soda feldspar and the channels through route A and rolled to a final thickness
leaching of vanadium. This study provides relatively of ~1 mm. The microstructure was determined by
appropriate roasting additives for vanadium extraction optical microscopy. Tensile tests were carried out at
from the refractory stone coal. room temperature in the strain rate range between 10-4
– 10-2 s-1. The results show the elongation to failure
increases at low strain-rates. The strain-rate sensitivity
parameter was determined and a maximum value of
~0,4 is observed at the lowest strain-rate.
Influence of ECAP Processing on Tensile Behavior Thermal Decomposition of the Free and
of Rolled Commercially Pure Magnesium: Cláudio Incorporated Diethanolamine (DEA) in Solid
Silva1; Pedro Pereira2; Roberto Figueiredo1; Paulo Matrices of Mesoporous Ordered Silica: Simone
Cetlin2; 1Department of Materials Engineering and Avila1; Jivaldo Matos1; 1USP
Construction, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Diethanolamine (DEA) is used in industrial processes
Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil; 2Department by CO2 capture, however, the use of this substance
of Mechanical Engineering, Universidade Federal de has disadvantage because it is volatile and oxidize
Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, MG, Brazil easily. SBA-15 is a kind of mesoporous ordered silica.
The aim of this work is to study the processing Due to proprieties like high surface area, the high
of commercially pure magnesium by severe plastic porous volume, the large porous size and narrow size
deformation and to verify the influence of the porous distribution, the mesoporous materials present
processing in the microstructure and tensile behavior interesting characteristics for the use as adsorbent.
of material. As cast slabs were rolled at 400 ºC to a The incorporation by DEA in these materials can be
thickness of 1 mm. The rolled sheets were covered an interesting alternative for CO2 capture, therefore
with copper and processed by Equal Channel Angular the knowledge of thermal stability and thermal
Pressing at 200 ºC. The process was repeated four comportment of these species are important. The
times with rotation of 180° of the billet between each objective of this work is to study the thermal stability
pass. Tensile samples were machined parallel to the of isolated and incorporated DEA in the SBA-15,
pressing direction and tested at room temperature. utilizing kinetics studies based in the Ozawa Method.
It is shown that the microstructure is refined during Scanning Electronic Microscopic (SEM), FTIR
the thermo-mechanical processing and the strength and elemental analysis by C, H and N were utilized
increases significantly. to auxiliary the materials characterization. The TG
Ceramic Component Shape Effect on the Ballistic curves of DEA isolate and incorporated in SBA-15
Performance of a Target: Luis Louro1; Carlos were obtained for thermal balance model TGA-51
Shimadzu, employing N2 (flow 50 mL min-1) between
Chagas1; Alaelson Gomes1; Willian Trindade1;
25 and 600°C . The Ozawa method permitted to obtain
1
Military Institute of Engineering
the kinetics parameters of the thermal decomposition
Ballistic tests were performed using a target made
of the isolate and incorporate DEA in the SBA-15.
of layers of alumina doped with niobia, aramid fabric,
The results show that the incorporation by DEA of
and aluminum. The target was impacted by a 7.62 mm
the SBA-15 increased the time of the DEA thermal
projectile fired from a 15 meters positioned rifle. The
decomposition. This increase is due some part of the
ceramic layer involved three single hexagonal ceramic
DEA molecules remains inside of the SBA-15 porous.
pieces. There were investigated plane and concave-
convex ceramic surface shapes, in order to assess their Microstructure Evolution and Hydrogen Properties
ballistic performances. A plasticine block was used
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Technical Program
microscopy (TEM) analysis, the ECAP processing The Effect of Calcium Ion on the Separation of
resulted in strong microstructure refinement down Rhodochrosite and Calcite: Bo Feng1; 1Jiangxi
to 1 µm. By using TEM and SEM coupled to an University of Science and Technology
orientation mapping facility (EBSD), features such as: The effect of calcium ion on the separation of
grains/subgrains, texture and misorientations of grain rhodochrosite and calcite has been investigated
boundaries were revealed and analyzed. Hydrogen through flotation tests, zeta potential measurements
absorption and desorption properties of Mg alloys and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The
and their relation with microstructure and texture are result shows that rhodochrosite and calcite are similar
considered and discussed. in many physical and chemical properties, which
make the separation of rhodochrosite from calcite
Using Finite Element Modelling to Examine the
inefficient. The separation of rhodochrosite and calcite
Sample Distortion, Flow and Temperature Rise in
can be realized with the addition of SHMP (sodium
HPT: Roberto Figueiredo1; Pedro Henrique Pereira2;
hexametaphosphate) as SHMP can depress calcite
Paulo Roberto Cetlin2; Terence Langdon3; 1Federal
flotation while it does not influence the flotation of
University of Minas Gerais; 2Universidade Federal de
rhodochrosite. However, when calcium ion was added,
Minas Gerais; 3University of Southern California
the separation of rhodochrosite and calcite deteriorated
Finite element simulations were performed in
as SHMP also depressed the flotation of rhodochrosite
order to evaluate the sample distortion, flow process
at this condition. The solution chemical calculation
and temperature rise during HPT processing. It is
and scanning electron microscopy analysis illustrate
observed that after the unloading of the HPT samples,
that the formation of calcite precipitation coating
their surfaces are curved and there is a variation in
on the rhodochrosite surface is the main reason that
their thickness that increases with increasing pressure
calcium ion increases the depression effect of SHMP
and distance from the centre. The distribution of strain
on rhodochrosite.
varies along the thickness and radius of the disc. The
temperature rise is dependent upon different processing Ni-Silicated Ore Behavior during the Caron Process:
parameters. Eliana Mano1; Laurent Caner2; Arthur Chaves1; André
Mexias3; 1Universidade de São Paulo; 2Université de
The Effect of Quartz on the Tlotation of Pyrite
Poitiers; 3Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Depressed by Serpentine: Xianping Luo1; Bo Feng1;
The nickel lateritic deposit of Niquelândia, GO,
1
Jiangxi University of Science and Technology
Brazil – is composed of two different ores, the oxidized
The effect of quartz particles on the flotation of
ore and the silicated ore. The first one yields high
pyrite depressed by serpentine has been investigated
recoveries at the Caron Process; in turn, the silicated
through flotation tests, adsorption tests, zeta potential
ore shows nickel losses associated to the clay minerals.
measurements and DLVO calculations. The results
This study was conducted in order to investigate
show that the presence of hydrophilic serpentine
which chemical and physical proprieties of the Ni-
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slimes on pyrite surface reduces collector adsorption
silicated ore make difficult the Caron Process.X-ray
and results in lower recovery of pyrite. The finer the
diffraction (XRD), chemicals analysis (ICP-AES),
serpentine slime is, the lower the pyrite recovery will
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to
be. Quartz particles do not interfere with pyrite flotation.
X-ray dispersive energy (EDX) and Fourier infrared
However, the addition of quartz particles increases the
spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the
adsorption of collector on pyrite surface and limits the
Ni-silicated ore. The XRD detailed studies concluded
detrimental effect of serpentine on pyrite flotation. The
that nickel is mainly associated to di and trioctahedral
fine-grained quartz is more effective. Zeta potential
smectites and, in lower proportions, to talc.Detailed
measurements and DLVO calculations illustrate that
analyses on the final products of the Caron Process
the zeta potential of quartz is more negative than that of
at XRD show that magnetite replaces initial goethite
pyrite and the attraction force between serpentine and
during the reduction process. Clay minerals start
quartz is stronger than that value between serpentine
to change during the reduction step; however, they
and pyrite, thus some serpentine slimes were removed
still remain in the final products of the leaching
from pyrite surface to quartz in the process of attrition.
step (Figure 1). Pyroxenes and talc result from clay
minerals transformation.Summarizing, in the silicate
ore, better recoveries are related to dioctahedral
smectites; moreover, triocthaedral smectites in high Creep in Amorphous Metals: Michael Kassner1; K.
temperatures convert to talc and pyroxenes, causing Smith1; 1University of Southern California
nickel to be trapped in their structures. Mixtures of di This presentation will the work on creep behavior
and trioctahedral smectites present variable recoveries of amorphous metals. There have been, over the past
based on the proportions of both of these smectites. several years, a few reviews of the mechanical behavior
of amorphous metals. Several excellent reviews have
Synthesis of Nanodiamonds: An Estimation on the
been published prior to 2007. The current review of
Parameters Involved in Dynamic Consolidation
creep of amorphous metals particularly focuses on
by Explosives: Luis Louro1; Jheison Santos1; Arnaldo
those works since that review and places the work prior
Ferreira1; Willian Trindade1; Sérgio Monteiro1;
to 2007 in a different context where new developments
1
Military Institute of Engineering
warrant. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous creep
Diamond synthesis requires high temperature and
will be discussed.
pressures. Diamond nanoparticles can be obtained
from graphite by an explosive detonation, a process
that meets these conditions and has been used for
decades. Copper powder is usually mixed with graphite
Poster Session – Session 2
Program Organizer: Marc Meyers, University of
in order to provide faster cooling and thus keep the California, San Diego
diamond phase. This work presents an estimation of
the parameters involved in explosive synthesis using Wednesday AM Room: Expomet Site
a double tube for dynamic compression. The pressure July 23, 2014 Location: Frei Caneca
Convention Center
was calculated using shock impedance matching
combined with the Gurney equation. The speed of
Session Chair: To Be Announced
the flyer tube and the amount of explosive were also
estimated. Two explosives were considered: TNT
and B Composition. TNT yielded a flyer tube speed Comparative Analysis of the Dynamic-mechanical
of 757.25 m/s, generating a pressure of 15.32 GPa. Behavior for Random and Thinner Ramie Fibers
B Composition accelerated the flyer tube to speed of Polyester Matrix Composites: Alice Bevitori1;
about 2000 m/s, producing a pressure of 47.85 GPa. Caroline de Oliveira1; Isabela da Silva1; Frederico
Margem1; Sergio Monteiro2; 1UENF; 2IME
Explicit Simulation of Ballistic Impacts on 6351
The ramie fibers are among one of the most used
T6 Aluminum Alloy: Jheison Santos1; Guilherme
lignocellulosic materials for rustic simple products such
Guimarães2; André Cardoso2; Eduardo Lima1;
as fabric, carpets, ropes and baskets. In recent decades,
1
Military Institute of Engineering; 2Centro Tecnológico
these fibers began to be investigated as reinforcement
do Exército
of polymer composites, but the thermal properties
This study aimed to analyze the behavior of the 6351
still need to be complete analyzed. In this work, the
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Technical Program
new phases such as Ni3Al and NiO. The formation of of sisal fibers. The results showed a good thermal
NiO phase is due to the oxidation of nickel during spray insulation for the sisal epoxy composites. Keywords:
operation, which took place in the air. Furthermore, the Photoacoustic technique, sisal fiber, epoxy composites
surface of the coating deposited on the heated substrate
Dynamic-mechanical Behavior of Polyester Matrix
is less rough than that of the coating deposited on the
Reinforced with Jute Fibers: Isabela Silva1; Alice
non-heated substrate. Bevitori1; Caroline Oliveira1; Frederico Margem1;
Izod Impact Tests of Epoxy Composites Reinforced Sergio Monteiro1; 1UENF
with Bamboo Fibers of the Specimen Dendrocalmus Nowadays the materials used in industry demand
Giganteus: Gabriel Glória1; Lucas Martins1; Frederico a huge variety of properties. In particular, composites
Margem1; Sergio Monteiro2; Luiz Gomes3; 1State materials may have properties that metal alloys,
University of the Northern Rio de Janeiro; 2Instituto ceramics and polymeric materials alone can’t provide.
Militar de Engenharia ; 3Instituto Superior de Ensino Therefore researchers are studying the composites
do Censa, ISECENSA materials as a answer to this need. The jute fiber
Despite the fact that giant bamboo fibers are among is extensively used because it’s easy obtention.
the strongest natural fibers, there is limited information Some known properties, like the high resistance,
about the impact resistance of epoxy composites are the reasons for this material be considered as a
incorporated with giant bamboo fibers. Therefore, the reinforcement in polymeric matrix composites. In this
aim of this work was to analyze the absorbed impact work, the temperature dependence of the dynamic-
energy of these composites. Normalized square section mechanical parameters in polyester matrix composites
specimens were fabricated with up to 30% in volume reinforced with up to 30% in volume of continuous
of bamboo fibers aligned along the specimen’s length and aligned jute fibers was investigated by DMA
in a steel matrix. The fibers were press molded with a tests. The analysis performed in the composites tested,
commercial type of epoxy resin mixed with a hardener determined the variation of the storage modulus (E’),
for a 24 hours cure at room temperature and a stress the elastic properties of loss modulus (E’’), and the
of 5 tons. The specimens were tested in an Izod plastic properties of glass transition temperature (tan
pendulum hammer. The results showed increase in the d). The results showed that the incorporation of jute
absorbed impact energy with the increase of amount fibers tends to increase the viscoelastic stiffness of
incorporated fiber. This performance can be explained the polyester matrix. It was also observed changes
by the difficult of rupture imposed by the stronger in the Tg and the structure dumping capacity of the
fibers and the type of cracks resulting from fiber/matrix composites with increasing fraction of jute fibers.
interaction. Thermal Photoacoustic Characterization of
Photoacoustic Thermal Properties Characterization Epoxy Composites Reinforced Jute Fibers: Isabela
for Epoxy Matrix Reinforced with Sisal Fibers: Silva1; Alice Bevitori1; Caroline Oliveira1; Frederico
POSTERS
Lázaro Rohen1; Frederico Margem1; Sérgio Monteiro2; Margem1; Sergio Monteiro1; 1UENF
1
State University of Northern of Rio de Janeiro; The jute fiber is one of the most mechanical resistant
2
Instituto Militar de Engenharia natural lignocellulosic fibers, which has since the last
Synthetic fibers have been gradually replaced by century, been investigated as possible reinforcement
natural fibers, mostly the lignocellulosic ones, because for polymeric composites. Characterization of the
they are environmentally friendly materials with a jute fiber has recently been conducted for physical
neutral greenhouse gases emissions when compared and mechanical properties. However, the effect of
with synthetic fiber. Natural fibers also show some the temperature on the jute fiber behavior has not yet
economic advantages. Thus, there is a growing been fully investigated. The objective of this work is
international interest in the use of these fibers. Sisal to investigate the thermal photoacoustic behavior of
fiber extracted from sisal plant presents significant epoxy matrix reinforced with continuous and aligned
properties to be studied. However, until now few thermal jute fiber, using the photoacoustic spectroscopy to
properties on sisal fiber composites were evaluated. analyze the diffusivity, the specific heat and the thermal
The present work aims to investigate, by photoacoustic conductivity of the samples. The results showed that
spectroscopy and photothermic techniques the thermal jute fiber has a great insulation capacity and can be
diffusivity, specific heat capacity and conductivity of used in insulating materials.
epoxy composites reinforced with up to 30% in volume
72 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Technical Program
Charpy Impact Tests of Polyester Composites induces sensible changes in the thermal stability of
Reinforced with Bamboo Fibers of the Specimen the polyester composites, showing a sensible effect
Dendrocalmus Giganteus: Gabriel Glória1; Lucas of the buriti fibers by reducing their temperatures of
Martins1; Frederico Margem1; Sergio Monteiro2; Luiz degradation.
Gomes3; 1State University of the Northern Rio de
Structural and Magnetic Properties of Fe78 Si9 B13
Janeiro; 2Instituto Militar de Engenharia ; 3Instituto
(% at.) Powders Embedded in a Polimeric Atrix:
Superior de Ensino do Censa, ISECENSA
A Powder Metalurgic Process: Marcelo Pagnola1;
Giant Bamboo (Dendrocalmus giganteus) are
Fabio Saccone1; Marcelo Barone1; Mariano Malmoria1;
among the strongest natural fibers, but there is 1
INTECIN (UBA - CONICET)
limited information about the impact resistance of
Ribbons with composition of Fe78Si9B13 were
polyester composites incorporated with giant bamboo
produced by a rapid solidification technique (melt-
fibers. The objective of this work was to measure
spinning). After grinding them in a ball miller, we
those properties for this composite. Normalized
obtained powders with typical particle sizes in the
square section specimens were fabricated with up to
range of 100-200 µm. The crystallization kinetic
30% in volume of bamboo fibers aligned along the
of these amorphous precursors was followed by
specimen’s length. The fibers were press molded with
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) up to 600ºC
a commercial orthophtalic polyester resin mixed with [1]
, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed
the proper hardener and set to cure for 24 hours at
to determine structure and phase composition. We
room temperature. After the cure specimens were cut
measured the magnetic properties of annealed samples.
in standard measurements, and then tested in a Charpy
Their typical magnetizations are around 240 emu/g
pendulum hammer, the fracture surface were analyzed
and their coercivities lower than 5 Oe, being them
by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the
comparable with previous work [2].Composite cores
bamboo fiber incorporation increases the composite
were made by embedding the base powders in a non
impact resistance, by rising its capacity to absorb
metallic polimeric matrix at different volume fractions.
energy with the increase amount of incorporated fibers.
In this work, we show a comparison between magnetic
This performance can be explained by the difficult of
properties of the composites with those corresponding
rupture imposed by the fibers and the type of cracks
to the original powders. It is also discussed the possible
resulting from fiber/matrix interaction.
application of the obtained cores as rotors of electrical
Thermal Characterization of Polyester Composites machines [3]. [1] Chacón J.O., et. al., ”Mecanismo
Reinforced with Buriti Fibers: Giulio Altoé1; de desvitrificación no-isotérmica de una aleación
Frederico Margem1; Sérgio Monteiro2; Anderson vítrea, magnéticamente blanda, Fe 0.75 Si 0.15 B
Barbosa1; 1State University of the Northern Rio de 0.10 ”, Revista Colombiana de Materiales N.3. pp. 80-
Janeiro - UENF; 2Military Institute of Engineering, 95.- [2] G. S. Mogilny, B. D. Shanina, V. V. Maslov,
IME V. K. Nosenko, A. D. Shevchenko, V. G. Gavriljuk,
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Polyester composites reinforced with natural “Structure and magnetic anisotropy of rapidly
lignocellulosic fibers have attracted interest in quenched FeSiB ribbons”, Journal of Non-Crystalline
several engineering areas due to their low cost, low Solids. 01/2011; 357(16):3237-3244 [3] Seung Hwan
energy consumption during fabrication and number Chang a, Dai Gil Lee a,*, Jin Kyung Choi, “Composite
of possible applications. One of these applications is rotor for high-speed induction motors”, Composite
the replacement of traditional composites such as the Structures 50 (2000) 37-47.
fiberglass. Characterization of polyester composites
Properties of Magnesia-phosphate Composite
incorporated with buriti fiber has recently been
Artificial Stone: Sangsoo Lee1; Heontae Kim1; Yongjin
conducted for physical and mechanical properties.
Yoo1; Hayoung Song1; 1Hanbat National University
However, the effect of increasing temperature on
These days, environmental problem is becoming
these composites has not yet been fully investigated.
more serious because of the global warming which
Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate
is caused by greenhouse gases and Indiscriminate
the thermogravimetric behavior of polyester
collection of the limestone and natural aggregate.
composites reinforced with up to 30% by volume
Following this, It needs to produce Artificial Stone
of buriti fibers. The analysis was conducted by TG
which do not use the cement and the natural aggregate
and DTG techniques. The presence of buriti fibers
and applies the Waste Glass and Waste Porcelain
based on Magnesia Phosphate Ceramic. Consequently, that the more less transparent crystallized material
the density, strength and the rate of aggregate on the becomes , it was calculated on the basis of amorphous
surface were measured according to mixing ratio of the lithium disilicate bar. At the temperature of 580°C
fly ash, Waste Glass, Waste Porcelain and Magnesia was around transmittance The result showed that the
Phosphate Ceramic. Test results showed that WPG recrystallization and increased density as the heating
70% test specimen has the feasibility as the low-carbon temperature increase to recrystallization.
Artificial Stone which do not use the cement and the
Characterization and Kinetics Study of the Zinc
natural aggregate.
Ferrite Formation: Mery Gómez Marroquín1;
Microstructure and Properties of Brazed Joint of Jose Carlos D´Abreu2; Helio Marques-Kohler3;
Ti2AlC Ceramic: Jie Zhang1; Y. F. Ding1; Y. L. Bai1; 1
Universidad Nacional de Ingenieria (Uni). Lima
X. D. He1; 1Harbin Institute of Technology Peru; 2Asociacion Peruana de Metalurgia Materiales
A perfect joint of Ti2AlC ceramic was obtained y Minerales-APMMM; 3Pontifical Catholic of Rio de
by brazing at 1023~1123K for 10min using Al foil as Janeiro IC University of Rio de Janeiro
the filler material. The brazed joint of Ti2AlC ceramic Zinc ferrite is a compound commonly used in the
include three parts: (1) diffusion layer in the parent electronic industries and also present in some kinds
Ti2AlC ceramic; (2) TiAl3 reaction layer between of dusts generated in steelmaking plants. The present
parent Ti2AlC ceramic and filler; (3) Al layer in the work deals with the kinetics of the zinc ferrite synthesis,
middle of the joint. With the increase of the brazing occurring through a solid-solid reaction in a selected
temperature, thickness of the diffusion layer and TiAl3 range of temperatures, using as reactant an equimolar
reaction layer increases, meanwhile, thickness of mixture of pure iron oxide- Fe2O3 and pure zinc
the joint decreases. Electric conductivity of the joint oxide - ZnO. This equimolar mixture was thermally
decreases with increasing the brazing temperature, characterized using the DTA and TGA techniques.
and when brazing temperature is 1023K, electric In sequence the zinc ferrite produced were examined
conductivity of the joint is 3.354×106s/m, which is using X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning and Transmission
higher than that of the parent Ti2AlC ceramic. With Electronic Microscopy. Finally the software Topas
the increase of the brazing temperature, shear strength 2.1, Difrac Plus, using the Rietveld XRD method was
of the joint increases and then decreases, and when applied to calculate the amount of zinc ferrite generated
brazing temperature is 1073K, shear strength of the during the synthesis reaction. The results showed that
joint is 123.7MPa. at the low temperature range from 873 to 1003 K, the
best fitting model was the Phase Boundary Reaction,
Influence of Temperature Crystallisation of Lithium
with apparent activation energy of 272 kJ/mol, and
Disilicate Translucency: Suzana Arleno1; Luciana dos
frequency factor of 2.32 x 1013 h-1. On the other hand,
Santos Azevedo2; Matheus Borre2; Willian Trindade1;
for the high temperature interval from 1023 to 1273 K,
Carlos Elias1; 1IME; 2CEFET-RJ UNED Petrópolis
the results showed that the Modified Logistic Equation
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Technical Program
physical-chemical treatments. These composites were over traditional aluminum alloys in terms of
characterized by TGA, DSC, XRD and their flexure mechanical strength, thermal and dimensional
strength was evaluated. It was found that increasing stability, characteristics which make then attractive to
the amount of fiber in the polymer matrix did not automotive, aeronautics and aerospace industries [1].
change significantly the morphology of the samples. It Compared to conventional welding process like MIG,
was also observed that the addition of larger amounts MAG and TIG, laser welding has many advantages
of fibers decreases the degradation temperature of the as high welding speed, very small welding pool and
samples and their melting temperatures shifts to lower restricted heat affected zone [2]. Some lightweight
temperatures, indicative of compatibility matrix / metallic alloys have great ability to be joined to SiCp-
reinforcement agents. No significant effect of the seed Al MMC by fusion welding, so that this process is
shells volumetric fraction on the tensile elongation and high profitable from the manufacturing viewpoint;
flexure strength was verified. On the other hand, the however, long exposure times to high temperature
elastic modulus of the composite increased with the favors the formation of Al4C3 and ternary Al-Si-C
volumetric fraction of the seed shells. carbides during solidification, which can degrade the
Evaluation of AH36 Microalloyed Steel Submerged mechanical properties of the Al-matrix MMC [3,4].
Arc Welded with One and Two Wires: Anderson The main objectives of this work are the microstructural
Ribeiro1; Hani Henein2; Douglas Ivey2; Sérgio Brandi1; characterization of bead-on-plate laser welding in
AA356/SiCp substrates, the determination of its
1
USP; 2University of Alberta
mechanical performance under flexural conditions and
Shipbuilding is going through a period of
the fracture analysis of ruptured pre-cracked testpieces
revitalization, growth and technological advancements.
in order to provide information to enhance the laser
One component of these innovations is to improve
welding process.
welding techniques and materials for optimizing
processing time, reducing costs and optimizing Strength Properties of Non-cement Matrix with
properties and performance. The aim of the present the Types and Addition Ratios of Alkali Activator:
project is to evaluate the welding of microalloyed Sungyu Park1; Jinman Kim2; Yunmi Kim3; Sangsoo
shipbuilding steel, AH36, using the submerged arc Lee3; 1
Mokwon University; 2Kongju National
welding (SAW) process with one and two wires. The University; 3Hanbat National University
mechanical properties of the welded joint, the resulting This experimental study considers manufacturing
microstructures and productivity will be presented. The method of the non-cement matrix for the light-weight
criteria adopted for welding qualification were based building materials using blast furnace slag that is
on standard AWS D1.1 using tensile testing, bend the industrial by-product. We used the paper ash by
testing and Charpy V-notch testing. For metallographic means of the foaming agent and alkali activator to
characterization, the base metal and welded joint make non-cement light-weight matrix in experiment.
were etched with Nital and Klemm 1 reagent and Various specimens were prepared with the different
POSTERS
then examined with optical microscopy to verify the types and addition ratios of the alkali activator. Then,
phases and microconstituents present. Transmission the properties of these specimens were investigated
electron microscopy was used to verify the presence by compressive strength test, flexural strength test,
of martensite laths and retained austenite. The results absorption test, and observation of micro-structures
showed that the welded joints do not present any using scanning electron microscope(SEM). As a result,
discontinuities in the specimens when subjected to sodium hydroxide(NaOH) addition ratio of 12.5%
bend testing. The tensile test specimens showed a shows the lowest density as 1.13g/cm3 and decreasing
maximum strength of 561 MPa and the rupture was ratio 40.45%. Also, compressive strength of this
located in the base metal. The SAW process with two specimen was the relatively high strength development
wires produced a 34% higher welding speed than compared to density. It was judged that experiment
welding with one wire. results of non-cement matrix with kind of waste
resources and alkali activators were useful to basic
Laser Welding of SiC-particle Reinforced AA356
data for mixtures design and evaluation properties of
Alloy: Ricardo Tadeu Aureliano Junior1; José Tarpani1;
lightweight non-cement building material.
1
Universidade de São Paulo
Metal matrix composite (MMC) reinforced with
particulate SiC (Al/SiCp) offer many advantages
76 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
Index
Geng, L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Lage, S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Girina, O. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Idris, M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Landgraf, F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 17
Gleiter, H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Isaza, C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Landinez Borda, E . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Glória, G. . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 72, 73 Ishihara, T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Langdon, T . . . . 18, 37, 38, 39, 48,
Gludovatz, B. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Ishikawa, T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49, 50, 51, 68, 69
Isik, M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
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Index
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Index
Yang, R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36, 46
Yang, W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44, 47, 56
Yoo, Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Yousefiani, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Yu, J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Yu, Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Z
Zavala Toledo, C. . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Zbib, H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Zepon, G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Zhang, C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Zhang, D. . . . . . . . . . . 9, 22, 28, 42
Zhang, J. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 74
Zhang, M. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Zhang, W. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Zhang, Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Zhao, Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 46
Zheng, S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Zhilyaev, A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38, 48
Zhong, H. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Zhu, R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Zhu, S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Zhu, W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, 16
Zhu, X. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Zukowski, D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Zweiacker, K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
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84 www.abmbrasil.com.br/seminarios/materials-conference/2014
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 1
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
A Alves, V. P.......................................................C64
Amancio, D. A...............................................C285
Abdalla, A. J..................................................C200
Amaral, R. M.................................................C172
Abel, J. L....................................................... C211
Amarante, M. S.............................................C221
Abreu, H. F. G................. C145, C182, C258, C27
Amorim, F. A.................................................C197
Abud, I. C......................................................C200
Amorim, R. G..................................................C86
Acciari, H. A....................................... C148, C149
Andrade, A. L. S. S.......................................C256
Acuña, J. J. S...............................................C129
Andrade, A. R...............................................C188
Afonso, C. R. M............................................C188 Andrade, C. G. B..........................................C164
Aguiar, I. V........................................... C287, C57 Andrade, D. L. A. C. S....................... C135, C136
Aguilar, M. T. P................................................C43 Andrade, J. M...............................................C223
Aires, K. G....................................................C238 Andrader, M. S....................................... C99, C98
Albani Junior, S.............................................C126 Andriotti, J. J...................................................C23
Alberteris, M............................C101, C171, C172 Anese, D. H. T..............................................C212
Albuquerque e Lima, V. C. R........................ C115 Anselmo, G. C. S..............................................C4
Alegría-Ortega, J........................................... W11 Antonini, L. M................................................C152
Alexandria, A. R............................................C286 Antunes, A. S....................................................C7
Almeida, A. A..................................................C98 Aranda, V. C...................................................C83
Almeida, B. S..................................................C55 Arantes, L. C.................................................C276
Almeida, C. G.................................................C30 Araújo Filho, O. O......... C196, C203, C205, C228
Almeida, J. H. C............................................C153 Araújo Filho, O. O.........................................C285
Almeida, K. R..................................................C29 Araujo, A. C..................................................C151
Altoér, J. A. F...................................................C41 Araújo, B. R..................................................C256
Alvarenga, E. A.............................................C180 Araújo, C. J........................................ C196, C197
Alvarez , A. D. F.Gil.......................................C185 Araujo, C. P.............................................C11, C13
Alves Júnior, F. N............................................C26 Araújo, E. G..................................................C285
Alves, A. L. M................................................C233 Araújo, E. R..................................................C285
Alves, J. O.................................................... C114 Araújo, G. M.................................................C161
Alves, L. J. N..................................................C31 Araujo, G. P..................................................C239
Alves, M. V....................................................C261 Araújo, L. J. F......................................... C173, C3
Alves, R. J. F.......................................C115, C251 Araujo, W. S.................................C182, C37, C40
Alves, S. J. F.................................................C205 Arold, L. F.....................................................C268
2 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Boratto, F. J. M.............................................C144 C
Borba, T. M. D........................................ C18, C20
Caillahua, M. C.............................................C210
Borges, P. C..................................................... W6
Calado, C. R..............................C213, C243, C63
Bose Filho, W. W.......................................... C117
Caldas, M. P. K............. C207, C209, C235, C267
Botta Filho, W. J................................ C127, C170
Caldeira, J. H. P............................................C122
Braga, C....................................C213, C243, C63
Caldeira, T. V. M...........................................C132
Braga, F. V......................................................C99
Calderón-Hernández, J. W.................... C36, C38
Braga, L. C. M..............................................C196
Braga, R. U.....................................................C58 Caliari, F. R................................................... C211
Damoulis, G. L................................................C29
E
Danilevicz, Â. M. F........................................C103
Dantas, A. M...................................... C147, C148 El Banna, W. R..........................C139, C274, C91
Dantas, C. M.................................................C271 ElgulSamad, R................................................C50
Dantas, J. C..................................................C282 Escalada, L...................................................... W8
Dantas, J. D. F................................................C34 Escobar, D. M. P.............................................C57
Darsie, E. A. S................................................C61 Escobar, D. P................................................C100
Delfino, J. C. S................................................C21 Espinosa, D. C. R...................C238, C107, C108,
Della-Sagrillo, V. P............ C238, C242, C92, C96 C207, C209, C235, C267, C268, C269, C143
Figueira Filho, D. T. A........................ C208, C129 Fujiyama, R. T.......C270, C271, C274, C279, C93
Filgueiras, S....................................................C39
G
Fioravanti, F....................................................C85
Flavio Camargo............................................C155 Gallego, J..................................C102, C174, C24
Flores, W. D....................................................C18 Gally, C. R......................................... C141, C209
Floriano, R....................................................C127 Gama, H. R.....................................................C20
Fonseca Junior, L. C.......................................C74 Gamba, M. L.................................................C152
Fonseca, C. S...............................................C175 Garcia, A. P.......................................................C2
Fonseca, D. J...............................................C137 Gasparin, H. D................................................C52
Fonseca, G. S...................................... C234, C55 Gasparini, E. R...............................................C68
Fonseca, L. O. P...........................................C278 Gatti, M. C. A................................................ C117
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 7
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Gonzalez, B. M...................................... C53, C97 Hincapié-Ladino, D... C35, C110, C111, C36, C38
Gray, J. M.......................................................C53
I
Gregolin, J. A. R...........................................C172
Grillo, B. M......................................................C86 Iglesias, R.....................................................C237
Grillo, F. F............................................. C107, C92 Ilha, M................................................ C152, C156
Grilo, A. A......................................................C272 Inforzato, D. J.................................... C201, C201
Guaglianoni, W. C.............................................C2 Ishikawa, T. T...........................C127, C157, C172
8 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Monteiro, M. J...............................................C200
N
Monteiro, O. C. P............................................C73
Monteiro, P. C. P...........................................C288 Nagem, N. F..................................................C142
Monteiro, S. N...................................... C292, C90 Nascimento Júnior, R. C...............................C233
Monteiro, V. M..............................................C287 Nascimento Neto, A. B.................................C153
Montes, C. R...................................... C219, C223 Nascimento, A. M...........................................C68
Moosher, L....................................................C266 Nascimento, E. N. B.....................................C206
Moraes, C. A. M................................. C140, C266 Nascimento, E. O.........................................C185
Moraes, P. A. V.............................................C130 Nascimento, F. C............................... C235, C267
Moraes, V. T............................C108, C207, C209, Nascimento, L. G. S.......................................C10
C235, C267, C267, C268, C269, C238 Nascimento, M................................................C14
Morais, H. L. O..........................C213, C243, C63 Nascimento, R. C.........................................C106
Morais, L. C......................................... C229, C33 Nascimento, R. M.............................. C248, C275
Morais, N. W. S.............................................C258 Naville, W............................................C111, C208
Morais, W. A.......................................... C87, C88 Neto, P. L......................................................C178
Moreira, B.......................................................C67 Netor, A. R....................................................C273
Moreira, F. C................................................. C112 Netor, S. C....................................................C273
Moreira, J. G...................................................C34 Neves, D. D..................................................C242
Moreira, P. S.......................................C114, C169 Neves, D. V. F................................................ W11
Moreira, V. C.................................................C261 Neves, I. V. T.................................................C100
12 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Oliveira, C. G..................................................C35
P
Oliveira, C. G....................................................C9
Oliveira, C. M................................................C135 Padilha, A. F..................................................C264
Oliveira, D. L. S..............................................C21 Padovese, L. R.................................. C101, C288
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 13
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
A
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA SEGURANÇA DO TRABALHO PARA MELHORIA DA PREVENÇÃO DE ACIDENTES
NA LINHA DE MONTAGEM DO SETOR AUTOMOTIVO.......................................................................................C158
a inspeção tridimensional como ferramenta de trabalho no controle de qualidade...........C73
Ablação com laser de pulsos ultracurtos: Avaliação dos efeitos no aço AIsi 1045................C50
Acetate Ion Effect On The Boehmite Crystals Formation...................................................................C219
AÇO MICROLIGADO AO NIÓBIO PARA PARAFUSOS CLASSE 8.8 CONFORMADOS A FRIO SEM
BENEFICIAMENTO...................................................................................................................................................C85
Acompanhamento da formação de fase sigma no aço inoxidável duplex SAF2205 (UNS31803)
por ruído magnético de Barkhausen (MBN)..........................................................................................C101
ADDITION’S EFFECT OF GREEN PIGMENT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN COMPOSITES
MATERIALS OF POLYESTER MATRIX SISAL (Agave sisalana) AND PIAÇAVA (funifera Attalea)
FIBERS REINFORCED...........................................................................................................................................C279
ADEQUAÇÃO DO CIRCUITO DE FLOTAÇÃO DA USINA DE FÁBRICA NOVA...........................................................C13
ADEQUACY OF THE FLOTATION CIRCUIT OF THE MILL FABRICA NOVA................................................................C13
ADSORÇÃO DE DODECILAMINA E OLEATO DE SÓDIO EM SUPERFÍCIES MINERAIS........................................C189
ADSORPTION OF DODECYLAMINE AND SODIUM OLEATE ON MINERALS SURFACES.....................................C189
ALTERNATIVE FUELS OBTAINED FROM WASTE TO USE in pelletizing furnaces of iron ore............C191
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DO COMPORTAMENTO CORROSIVO NA SOLDA DISSIMILAR DE LIGAS
EXPERIMENTAIS COM ALTO TEOR DE MOLIBDÊNIO: ESTUDO DA CORROSÃO EM
LIGAS EXPERIMETAIS...........................................................................................................................................C179
Análise da Confiabilidade na Determinação das Propriedades Mecânicas em Ensaios de
Tração...................................................................................................................................................................C158
ANÁLISE DA FRATURA E DAS TENSÕES TÉRMICAS NO LINGOTAMENTO DE SILÍCIO...................................... C115
Análise da influência da composição química na transferência de calor durante a
solidificação de aços especiais................................................................................................................C167
Análise da influÊncia da inserção de teores de Ni sobre as características estruturais e
as propriedades mecânicas e elétricas de uma liga Al-0,05%Cu-[0,24-0,28]%Fe-0,7%Si.............C77
Análise da influência da velocidade de lingotamento na transferência de calor
durante a solidificação de aços especiais............................................................................................C51
Análise da influência de parâmetros de escórias de refino secundário e de processo na
limpeza inclusionária de aços....................................................................................................................C216
ANÁLISE DA SOLDABILIDADE DO FERRO FUNDIDO NODULAR SOLDADO PELOS PROCESSOS
SMAW E GMAW........................................................................................................................................................C22
ANÁLISE DA VIDA ESTRUTURAL DE TUBOS DE PLÁSTICO REFORÇADO COM FIBRAS DE VIDRO (PRFV)
DESTINADOS ÀS APLICAÇÕES DE REDES DE ADUÇÃO DE ÁGUA COM EXPECTATIVA MÍNIMA DE
CINQUENTA ANOS...................................................................................................................................................C92
ANÁLISE DAS TROCAS PREMATURAS DE SEGMENTOS DA MÁQUINA DE LINGOTAMENTO
CONTÍNUO 1 DA ARCELORMITTAL TUBARÃO...................................................................................................C125
ANÁLISE DE ENVELHECIMENTO DO POLIPROPILENO SUBMETIDO À RADIAÇÃO ULTRAVIOLETA................C251
ANÁLISE DE FALHA DE UM TRILHO TR57 UTILIZADO NA VIA PERMANENTE DO SETOR FERROVIÁRIO........C244
análise de rota de processo – um estudo de caso de peneiramento de
minério de ferro..............................................................................................................................................C192
22 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
B
BEHAVIOR OF A SUPERMARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL 13Cr-5Ni-2Mo IN THE
ENVIRONMENTS: NaCl, NaCl+CO2 e NaCl+H2S...................................................................................................C38
BEHAVIOR OF COPPER CONTAINING LEAD...............................................................................................................C78
Behavior of Niti alloys under bending-ROTATION mechanical fatigue................................................C5
BEHAVIOR OF THE ADDITION OF TANTALUM CARBIDE – TaC MATRIX IN METALLIC STEEL EUROFER 97....C284
BENCHMARKING OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN BRAZILIAN COMPANIES OF HEAT TREATMENTO F
INDUSTRIAL TOOLS, A...........................................................................................................................................C131
Bicorrosão em aço API 5LX60 exposto a misturas de óleo e água do mar......................................C41
BIOCOMPATIBILIDADE E RESISTÊNCIA À CORROSÃO DE FILMES DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON OBTIDOS POR
ELETRODEPOSIÇÃO.............................................................................................................................................C152
Biocompatibility and corrosion resistence of diamond-like carbon films obtained by
electrodeposition..........................................................................................................................................C152
Biocorrosion process in API 5LX steel exposed to mixtures of oil and sea water...................C41
BIOSORBENT ALTERNATIVE TO THE TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS CONTAINING HEAVY
METALS Mn (II) AND Pb(II)....................................................................................................................................C209
boron removal from silicon by plasma treatment..................................................................................C80
breakage characteristics of a phlogopitite for use as stonemeal...............................................C17
BRIEF SURVEY OF ALTERNATIVES FOR THE GALVANIC SLUDGE MANAGEMENT, A.........................................C103
C
CÁLCULO DE ADIÇÃO DINÂMICA DE CÁLCIO SILÍCIO PARA AÇO MICROLIGADO AO
CROMO E MOLIBDÊNIO........................................................................................................................................ C118
Características de Quebra de um Flogopitito para uso em Rochagem..........................................C17
CARACTERÍSTICAS MICROESTRUTURAIS E COMPORTAMENTO ELÉTRICO DE CERÂMICAS VARISTORAS À
BASE DE ZnO-SnO2...............................................................................................................................................C223
Caracterização das fases de aços superduplex através da Simulação
termodinâmica-computacional..................................................................................................................C144
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS MICROESTRUTURAS E DA RESISTÊNCIA A CORROSÃO DE REVESTIMENTOS
DA MISTURA DAS LIGAS DE NÍQUEL AWS ERNiCrMo – 3 E AWS ERNiCrMo – 4 SOLDADOS PELO
PROCESSO MIG/MAG DUPLO ARAME..................................................................................................................C28
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ARGAMASSAS PARA PROTEÇÃO RADIOLÓGICA...........................................................C220
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ARGILA PARA UTILIZAÇÃO EM CERÂMICA VERMELHA ESTRUTURAL..........................C92
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE CAMADAS PRODUZIDAS POR ASPERSÃO TÉRMICA.....................................................C155
Caracterização de contaminações em um quartzito argiloso da Formação
Taboões visando seu uso como matéria-prima na indústria.........................................................C191
CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE CORREIAS TRANSPORTADORAS DE ALTA TEMPERATURA E AVALIAÇÃO
DE SUA VIDA ÚTIL COM BASE NA DEGRADAÇÃO TÉRMICA DURANTE USO................................................C272
caracterização de ligas Fe-Ni processadas por metalurgia do pó: influência dos
parâmetros nas propriedades mecânicas...........................................................................................C283
26 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
COMPORTAMENTO EM ENSAIO CHARPY PARA TUBO API 5L X65 APÓS DIFERENTES TEMPOS DE IMERSÃO
EM SOLUÇÃO SATURADA POR H2S..................................................................................................................... C111
D
DEPOSIÇÕES DE FILMES FINOS DA LIGA INTERMETÁLICA FeAlCr POR SPUTTERING PARA A APLICAÇÃO
EM BIOMATERIAIS................................................................................................................................................... W11
DEPOSITION OF THIN FILMS OF INTERMETALLIC FeAlCr ALLOY BY SPUTTERING FOR BIOMATERIALS
APPLICATION........................................................................................................................................................... W12
DESCRIPTION OF THE PHENOMENON DECREPITATION GRANULES IRON ORE IN SILOS
SAMPLED SUPPLY...................................................................................................................................................C67
DESDOBRAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO PARA O PLANEJAMENTO DE MANUTENÇÃO EM USINAS DE
PELOTIZAÇÃO..........................................................................................................................................................C71
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE AÇO LAMINADO A FRIO DE QUALIDADE COMERCIAL COM BOA
CONFORMABILIDADE VIA RECOZIMENTO EM CAIXA PARA O MERCADO DE DISTRIBUIÇÃO...................C131
Desenvolvimento de blendas PLGA/PHB revestidas de BCP para a utilização em implantes
osteocondrais..................................................................................................................................................C225
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE CURATIVOS INTELIGENTES PARA REPARAÇÃO E RECONSTRUÇÃO EPITELIAL...C276
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MASSAS DE TAMPONAMENTO A BASE DE MATERIAL REFRATÁRIO E
ALUMINA PARA VEDAÇÃO DE FUROS DE CORRIDA DE FORNOS DE REDUÇÃO..........................................C95
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MICROESTRUTURAS EM CHAPAS DE AÇO INTERSTICIAL FREE PELO MÉTODO DE
DEFORMAÇÃO SEVERA NECAE............................................................................................................................C56
Desenvolvimento de placas de aço api até X65, na gerdau ouro branco, para tubos de
transporte de óleo e gás.............................................................................................................................C83
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE REVESTIMENTOS DE CAMADA DUPLA DE ÓXIDOS POR PACK CEMENTATION......... W9
Desenvolvimento de Telhas Cerâmicas em Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ com Resíduo de Rocha
Ornamental na Formulação de Massa......................................................................................................C90
Desenvolvimento de um aço microligado forjado com características da norma API.........C257
desenvolvimento de um aço ultra-baixo carbono em processo de TREFILAÇÃO.........................C86
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM SISTEMA DE CONTROLE E AUTOMAÇÃO PARA ESTUDO DO PROCESSO DE
LAMINAÇÃO DE METAIS NÃO FERROSOS NO LAMINADOR MACHINE DUO REVERSÍVEL DE 8 TON.........C81
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM SOFTWARE DE ANÁLISE DE IMAGENS PARA AUTOMAÇÃO DOS
PROCEDIMENTOS DE DETERMINAÇÃO DE MICRODUREZA VICKERS.........................................................C169
30 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
development of api steel slabs, GRADES up to x65, at gerdau ouro branco, FOR
OIL AND GaS LINEPIPES.........................................................................................................................................C83
DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL QUALITY COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEET VIA BATCH ANNEALING TO THE
SERVICE CENTER MARKET.................................................................................................................................C131
DEVELOPMENT OF MASSES OF PLUGGING THE BASE AND REFRACTORY MATERIAL AND ALUMINA FOR
SEALING HOLES REDUCTION FURNACES RACING...........................................................................................C95
DIFFERENT AMINES IN REVERSE FLOTATION IRON ORE FROM REGION NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS...........C165
E
Efeito da adição de Ácido Versático ao Cyanex 272 na separação de Cálcio, Magnésio e
níquel contidos em licores sintéticos sulfúricos.........................................................................C217
EFEITO DA ADIÇÃO DE METANO E ARGÔNIO NA REDUÇÃO POR PLASMA DA
HEMATITA DE ALTA PUREZA.................................................................................................................................C233
EFEITO DA ADIÇÃO DE PIGMENTO VERDE NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DE MATERIAIS COMPÓSITOS
DE MATRIZ POLIÉSTER REFORÇADOS POR FIBRAS DE SISAL (Agave sisalana) E DE PIAÇAVA
(Attalea funifera).............................................................................................................................................C279
Efeito da energia de soldagem na microestrutura e resistencia à corrosão do aço
inoxidável superduplex UNS s32750 pelo processo TIG...................................................................C26
EFEITO DA MICROESTRUTURA NA PERMEAÇÃO DE HIDROGÊNIO EM AÇOS 2,25Cr-1Mo-0,25V......................C57
EFEITO DA MOAGEM DE ALTA ENERGIA NA DENSIFICAÇÃO E MICROESTRUTURA DO COMPÓSITO
Al2O3-5%Cu CERÂMICO DE MATRIZ METÁLICA................................................................................................C282
EFEITO DA NITRETAÇÃO A PLASMA EM BAIXA TEMPERATURA DO AÇO UNS S31803 SOBRE AS
PROPRIEDADES TRIBOLÓGICAS MEDIDAS EM ENSAIO DE ESCLEROMETRIA
LINEAR INSTRUMENTADA....................................................................................................................................... W3
EFEITO DA PULSAÇÃO DE CORRENTE SOBRE A MICROESTRUTUA DA ZONA FUNDIDA NA SOLDAGEM
DISSIMILAR ENTRE O AÇO INOXIDÁVEL FERRÍTICO AISI 444 E O AÇO
INOXIDÁVEL AUSTENÍTICO AISI 316L....................................................................................................................C27
EFEITO DA RAZÃO DE ADIÇÃO DE OCTADECILAMINA NAS PROPRIEDADES DE FOSFATO DE ZIRCÔNIO
LAMELAR PARA OBTENÇÃO DE NANOCOMPÓSITOS..........................................................................................C3
Efeito da Temperatura no Alívio de Tensões Residuais Presentes na Camada Nitretada........C49
EFEITO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE TÊMPERA NA MICROESTRUTURA E NA DUREZA DO AÇO AISI M2...................C289
Efeito de impurezas nas propriedades mecânicas do cobre uns c12200......................................C261
EFEITO DE REVESTIMENTOS GALVANIZADOS POR IMERSÃO A QUENTE NO COEFICIENTE DE ATRITO DE UM
AÇO BIFÁSICO DESTINADO À INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOTIVA...................................................................................C44
EFEITO DE TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO PÓS-SOLDAGEM NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DE JUNTAS
SOLDADAS DE AÇO FUNDIDO DE ALTA RESISTÊNCIA MECÂNICA................................................................C204
EFEITO DE TRATAMENTOS TÉRMICOS NAS PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS E MECÂNICAS DE UM FIO DE NiTi
SUPERELÁSTICO.......................................................................................................................................................C6
EFEITO DO ENVELHECIMENTO TÉRMICO EM BAIXA TEMPERATURA SOBRE AS PROPRIEDADES
MECÂNICAS E RESISTÊNCIA À CORROSÃO DO AÇO INOXIDÁVEL DUPLEX LDX 2404..............................C150
Efeito do Íon Acetato na Formação de Cristais de Boemita.................................................................C219
EFEITO DO MÉTODO DE INCORPORAÇÃO DE PÓ DE SERRA EM MATRIZ DE POLIPROPILENO TENACIFICADO
(PP/EPDM/TALCO) NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS E TÉRMICAS DO COMPÓSITO FINAL....................C215
Efeito do Nióbio NAS PROPRIEDADES de um novo aço ferramenta para
extrusão de alumínio – VEX............................................................................................................................C85
Efeito do Precursor na Formação de Cristais de Boemita.................................................................C223
EFEITO DO RECOZIMENTO NAS TEMPERATURA DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO DE FASE DE UMA LIGA NiTi...........C194
Efeito do SHTPN, da tempera e do revenido na resistência a corrosão dO aço AISI 409............ W6
EFEITO DO TEMPO ENTRE PASSES NA INTERAÇÃO RECRISTALIZAÇÃO- PRECIPITAÇÃO DE UM AÇO
INOXIDÁVEL AUSTENÍTICO COM ALTO TEOR DE NIÓBIO E NITROGÊNIO....................................................C102
EFEITO DO TEOR DE MOLIBDÊNIO NAS CURVAS DE ENDURECIMENTO POR PRECIPITAÇÃO E NA
RESISTÊNCIA À OXIDAÇÃO A ALTAS TEMPERATURAS DE AÇOS MARAGING DE ULTRA ALTA
RESISTÊNCIA MECÂNICA.....................................................................................................................................C264
Efeito do teor de silício nas perdas histeréticas dos aços de grão não orientado.............C98
Efeito DO TERCEIRO ELEMENTO DE ADIÇÃO NO COMPORTAMENTO ELETROQUÍMICO DE ligas
experimentais Ni-Cr-X.......................................................................................................................................C148
32 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Estudo dos efeitos da radiação gama em EVA por infra vermelho e microscopia eletronica
de varredura.....................................................................................................................................................C252
ESTUDO DOS FUMOS E GASES GERADOS NO PROCESSO DE SOLDAGEM Gas Metal ARc WELDING
(GMAW) EM EMPRESA DO SEGMENTO METAL MECÂNICA DE PERNAMBUCO...........................................C205
ESTUDO DOS pHS IDEAIS NAS ETAPAS DA DESLAMAGEM E ESPESSAMENTO DE LAMA EM FUNÇÃO DA
RECUPERAÇÃO E QUALIDADE NA ETAPA DA FLOTAÇÃO.................................................................................C15
ESTUDO EFEITO DO CITRATO DE SÓDIO NA ELETRODEPOSIÇÃO DA LIGA Ni-Mo-P........................................C148
ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL DO AVANÇO DE INCLUSÕES NÃO-METÁLICAS ATRAVÉS DO
TRATAMENTO COM CÁLCIO................................................................................................................................. C119
Estudo experimental para forjamento a quente em matriz fechada de peças de média
complexidade.......................................................................................................................................................C47
ESTUDO MICROESTRUTURAL E MECÂNICO DE UMA LIGA DE Al SUBMETIDA A TÉCNICAS DE DEFORMAÇÃO
PLÁSTICA SEVERA.................................................................................................................................................C166
ESTUDO PRELIMINAR DA DETERMINAÇÃO DO TEOR DE CINZAS DE CARVÃO A PARTIR DA REFLECTÂNCIA
ATRAVÉS DA TEORIA DE KUBELKA-MUNK.........................................................................................................C164
EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF ARGON ADDITION TO PLASMA NITRIDING ATMOSPHERE ON CORROSION
RESISTANCE OF AISI 316L AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL............................................................................... W5
Evaluation of anodization and electrolytic coloring of an aluminum alloy...........................C151
EVALUATION OF CORROSION OF superaustenitic STAINLESS STEEL 1.4587 solubilized and COLD
DEFORMED...............................................................................................................................................................C42
EVALUATION OF CORROSION RESISTANCE OF LOW ALLOY CARBON STEEL USING ELECTROCHEMICAL
IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY AND FIELD TESTS............................................................................................C180
EVALUATION OF HARD BY HEAT TREATMENT OF COMPOSITE AA2014-5% TiO2 PRODUCED BY POWDER
METALLURGY.........................................................................................................................................................C282
EVALUATION OF HOT TEARING IN SUPERALLOYS INVESTMENT CASTING USING COMPUTATIONAL
THERMODYNAMICS...............................................................................................................................................C120
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF AN IFSTEEL BETWEEN THE STAND OF A
COLD ROLLING MILL................................................................................................................................................C55
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PERFORMACE OF THE MULTI-PHASE STEEL AND TEMPERED
WITH HIGH CONTENT OF Si.................................................................................................................................C287
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF WELDED JOINT
IN API 5LX80 STEEL...............................................................................................................................................C177
EVALUATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH STRENGTH STEEL WELD METAL OBTAINED BY
GMAW WELDING PROCESS FOR APPLICATION IN COMPONENTS OF MOORING SYSTEMS......................C20
EVALUATION OF MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALUMINUM ALLOY UNDER SEVERE PLASTIC
DEFORMATION TECHNIQUES..............................................................................................................................C157
EVALUATION OF MICROSTRUCTURAL SYSTEM NICRALY + YSZ DEPOSITED ON Ti-6Al-4V OBTAINED WITH
HIGH VELOCITY PLASMA SPRAY......................................................................................................................... C211
EVALUATION OF NIOBIUM CARBIDE BY X-RAY DIFFRACTION AND RIETVELD REFINEMENT..........................C282
EVALUATION OF REFRIGERANTS AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF VEGETABLE AND MINERAL OILS USED IN
GRINDING PROCESS.............................................................................................................................................C244
EVALUATION OF SUSCEPTIBILITY to CORROSION OF An UNS S32750 SUPER DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL
USING A PORTABLE CELL EPR-DL.........................................................................................................................C35
Evaluation of the corrosion behaviour of nickel alloy 182 in environments
containing NaCl AND Na2S2O3........................................................................................................................C178
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF acid TREATMENT ON WHITE BENTONITE....................................................C164
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF COLD WORK ON Al-Cu-05% [0.24-0.28] %-Fe-0,7%Si MODIFIED
SOLUTES Ti AND Ni ON THE PROPERTIES ELECTROMECHANICAL................................................................C76
36 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
EVALUATION OF THE FORMABILITY AND DENT RESISTANCE FROM THE BH AND IFHSS STEELS OF THE
260 MPa YIELD POINT CLASS.................................................................................................................................C44
EVALUATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF INCORPORATION OF WASTE IN MARBLE THE PRODUCTION OF
PORCELAIN STONEWARE....................................................................................................................................C253
EVALUATION OF THE SELECTIVE CORROSION FOR PHASE EXTRACTION ON 1M HCl SOLUTION AT 60°C IN
UNS S31803............................................................................................................................................................C265
Evaluation of the Surface characteristics influence on the Galvannealed coating
properties............................................................................................................................................................C45
EVALUATION OF THE THERMOMECHANICAL bEHAVIOR OF SUPERELASTIC NITINOL WIRES MICRO WELDED
BY TIG ARC PULSES..............................................................................................................................................C198
EVALUATION OF UNIFORMITY OF TEXTURED SILICONE PROSTHESES APPLIED TO
BREAST IMPLANTS................................................................................................................................................C138
EVALUATION OF WELDABILITY API 5L X80 STEEL SOLDIER BY CASE USING TUBULAR WIRE TEST
WELDABILITY WIC..................................................................................................................................................C204
EVALUATION OF EROSION-CORROSION BY JET IMPINGEMENT TESTS ON A CR/CRN BILAYER COATING
DEPOSITED BY CATHODIC ARC........................................................................................................................... W11
EVOLUÇÃO DA MICROESTRUTURA E TEXTURA DO AÇO INOX FERRÍTICO ESTABILIZADO COM Nb aPÓS
LAMINAÇÃO A FRIO E RECOZIMENTO................................................................................................................C100
EVOLUÇÃO DA SUBESTRUTURA DE DESLOCAÇÕES EM UM AÇO DUAL PHASE SUJEITO A CONDIÇÕES DE
ENVELHECIMENTO DINÂMICo..............................................................................................................................C53
EVOLUÇÃO ESTRUTURAL/COMPOSICIONAL DURANTE ENCHARQUE EM TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO DE
RECOZIMENTO INTERCRÍTICO DE AÇO BAIXO CARBONO COM MICROADIÇÃO DE Mo E Nb.................C259
EVOLUÇÃO MICROESTRUTURAL, TEXTURA E COMPORTAMENTO MECÂNICO DO AÇO TRIP/TWIP
17Mn-0,06C APÓS LAMINAÇÃO A QUENTE, A FRIO E RECOZIMENTO.............................................................C57
EXPERIENCE REPORT ON STUDY AND IMPLEMENTATION ABOUT REVITALIZATION PROCESS OF MACHINES
TOOLS LABORATORY AT UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ.......................................................................C206
Experimental assessment of TENSILE PROPERTIES OF AN API 5L X65 sour STEEL AFTER
DIFFERENT TIMES OF IMMERSION IN a H2s SATURATED SOLUTION........................................................... C110
Experimental assessment of THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH of an engineering alumina (Al2O3)
between 23°C and 850°C employing an autocompensating device.................................................C90
EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY OF CARBON-EPOXY
COMPOSITE MATERIAL.........................................................................................................................................C239
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AGING AND CREEPING CURVES FOR ALUMINUM ALLOY AA7475
UNDER BENDING...................................................................................................................................................C241
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF JR CURVES USING COMPACT SPECIMENS C(T)..........................................C245
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF NON – METALLIC INCLUSIONS THROUGH THE TREATMENT
WITH CALCIUM.......................................................................................................................................................C120
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR hot forging in closed dies for a piece with medium complexity....C48
Experimental study of carbonate reactivity in the context of CO2
geological storage.......................................................................................................................................C237
F
FABRICAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE COMPÓSITOS DE MATRIZ METÁLICA DA LIGA DE ALUMÍNIO AA 1100
REFORÇADOS COM CARBONETO DE SILÍCIO E ALUMINA PROCESSADOS POR
METALURGIA DO PÓ..............................................................................................................................................C285
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AA 1100 ALUMINUM ALLOY METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES
REINFORCED BY SILICON CARBIDE AND ALUMINA PROCESSED BY POWDER METALLURGY................C286
fabrication of a boat propeller shaft seal in ebonite rubber........................................................C254
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 37
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
G
GESTÃO DE RISCO APLICADA AO PROCESSO PRODUTIVO...................................................................................C29
Ginástica Laboral.....................................................................................................................................................C61
gray casting irons Mechanical properties at elevated temperature FOR
CYLINDER HEAD APPLICATIONS...........................................................................................................................C52
H
HIPOCLORITO DE SÓDIO E XANTANA COMO ESTRATÉGIA PARA CONTROLE DA BIOCORROSÃO EM LOOPING
COM ESCOAMENTO LAMINAR.............................................................................................................................C150
Hot STAMPING: CHARACTERISTICS, TECHNIQUES AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS ON PRODUCT
DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURE...................................................................................................................C88
HOW TO STRUCTURE THE COMPANY BEFORE CONSIDERING AN ASSET MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
DEPLOYMENT ACCORDING TO ISO 55001...........................................................................................................C73
Hybrid NiTi SMA/400 grade maraging spring actuator – concept design.......................................C193
HYBRID STRUCTURES COMPOSITES OF THE MWCNT/NYLON 6 NANOFIBERS IN EPOXY..............................C226
Hydrogen storage properties of Mg-Fe-Cnt composite prepared by ball milling,
hot-extrusion and cold rolling...............................................................................................................C170
I
IMPACT OF DATA QUALITY ON SHORT TERM PLANNING......................................................................................... C11
IMPACTO DA QUALIDADE DOS DADOS NO PLANEJAMENTO DE CURTO PRAZO................................................ C11
IMPLANTAÇÃO DA PIRÂMIDE DE HEINRICH NA PREVENÇÃO DE ACIDENTES EM UMA
INDÚSTRIA AUTOMOTIVA........................................................................................................................................C72
Implantação de Sistema da Qualidade para o Ensaio de Anisotropia................................................C32
IMPLEMENTATION OF A QUALITY SYSTEM FOR THE ANISOTROPY TEST............................................................C32
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PYRAMID OF HEINRICH IN THE ACCIDENTS PREVENTION IN AN AUTOMOTIVE
INDUSTRY.................................................................................................................................................................C72
IMPROVEMENTS IN WAREHOUSES TO IMPROVE THE PROCESS AND EXPEDITION..........................................C30
INCLUSIONS AND FORMATION OF ACICULAR FERRITE: CHARACTERIZATION BY TRANSMISSION
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY......................................................................................................................................C25
38 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
INCORPORATION OF WHITE ORNAMENTAL ROCK WASTE IN RED CERAMICS BODY FOR EXTRUDED TILES
PRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................................C91
INCREASE CAT 785 TRUCK TIRES LIFE IN MINES ALEGRIA AND FÁBRICA NOVA................................................C74
INTEGRATION OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE IN THE FINISHING PROCESS OF HOT ROLLED COILS IN
ARCELORMITTAL TUBARÃO...................................................................................................................................C68
INVESTIGATION OF METHODS FOR DBTT DETERMINATION BY USING CHARPY IMPACT TESTING.............. C113
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE ROLE OF COPPER IN CAUSING AND NICKEL IN PREVENTING THE “HOT
SHORTNESS” IN STEELS........................................................................................................................................C88
K
KINETIC STUDY OF CHEMICAL LEACH OF IRON FROM FROM WASTE electronics....................................C268
L
LAMINATES COMPOSITE of LOAD OF RED MUD AND SHORT FIBER MAUVE.....................................................C91
M
MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT OF INSPECTION SERVICES IN EQUIPMENT AT
ARCELORMITTAL TUBARÃO.................................................................................................................................C127
MAPAS DE DESGASTE MICROABRASIVO DO AÇO INOXIDÁVEL AUSTENÍTICO AISI 316L: UMA ANÁLISE
COMPARATIVA DE SUPERFÍCIES NÃO NITRETADAS E NITRETADAS A PLASMA............................................ W5
MECANISMOS DE DEFORMAÇÃO PLÁSTICA por fluência APLICÁVEIS A CLASSE DOS AÇOS Cr-Mo.......C199
MECANISMOS DE NITRETAÇÃO SOB PLASMA DO AÇO INOXIDÁVEL MARTENSÍTICO AISI 420 NITRETADO A
ALTA E BAIXA TEMPERATURA................................................................................................................................. W1
mechanical behavior of M-wire Ni-Ti and conventional Ni-Ti endodontic instruments via finite
element method simulation............................................................................................................................C6
MECHANICAL LABORATORY TESTS FOR ASSESSMENT FLEXURAL STRENGTH AND MODULUS OF ELATICITY
DIRECT COMPOSITE RESINS WITH DIFFERENT SIZES LOADS INORGANIC................................................C278
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PLASMA NITRIDED AISI 410 MARTENSITIC STAINLESS STEEL................ W2
N
NANOMETRIC TANTALUM CARBIDE: GETTING A LOW TEMPERATURE AND CARACTERIZAÇÃO....................C280
NIOBIUM EFFECT ON THE PROPERTIES OF THE NEW HOT WORK TOOL STEEL FOR
ALUMINUM EXTRUSION – VEX..............................................................................................................................C85
NIOBIUM MICROALLOYED STEEL FOR BOLTS CLASS 8.8 COLD WORKED WITHOUT QUENCH HARDENING.C86
NITRETAÇÃO DE Fe SINTERIZADO E ENRIQUECIDO SUPERFICIALMENTE COM Mo: MORFOLOGIA DOS
NITRETOS PRECIPITADOS...................................................................................................................................C129
NITRIDING OF SURFACE Mo-ENRICHED SINTERED IRON: MORPHOLOGY OF THE PRECIPITATED NITRIDES.....
C129
NUMERICAL ANALISYS APPLIED TO WIRE DRAWING FOR PRODUCTION OF CA-60...........................................C75
NUMERICAL MODELING OF AN EULER-BERNOULLI METALLIC BEAM USING THE
FINITE ELEMENT METHOD...................................................................................................................................C230
O
O comportamento do tratamento termoquímico de oxidação a vapor na Vedação da
Porosidade Interconectante em Peças Estruturais Sinterizadas com Média
Densidade a Base de Ferro-Cobre-Carbono........................................................................................C129
O EFEITO DA ENERGIA INTERFACIAL NO MODELAMENTO DA CINÉTICA DE PRECIPITAÇÃO DE CARBONETOS
DE CROMO EM AÇOS INOXIDÁVEIS...................................................................................................................C122
O EFEITO DA INDUÇÃO MÁXIMA SOBRE A ENERGIA DISSIPADA POR HISTERESE EM AÇOS ELÉTRICOS DE
GRÃO NÃO ORIENTADO.......................................................................................................................................C228
OBTAINING OF THE POWDER OF THE STEEL AISI 52100 WITH ADDITION OF NBC AND TIC USING HIGH
ENERGY MILLING...................................................................................................................................................C285
Obtenção do pó do aço AISI 52100 com adição de NBc e TiC utilizando moagem de
altA energia........................................................................................................................................................C285
OBTENÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE LIGAS FeCrNiCoAlCu e FeCrNiCo(AlCu)0,5 MULTICOMPONENTES DE
ALTA ENTROPIA......................................................................................................................................................C214
on the mechanism of plasma nitriding martensitic stainless steel AISI 420 at low and high
temperature......................................................................................................................................................... W1
ON THE USE OF PRESSURE-SENSITIVE CRITERIA TO PREDICT YIELDING AND MULTIAXIAL FATIGUE DAMAGE
IN METALLIC STRUCTURES................................................................................................................................. C118
OPTIMIZATION OF COLLECTING DUST Sintering 2.............................................................................................C109
Optimization Of Face and Dive Milling Processes Using Interchangeable
Inserts On Ti6Al4V..............................................................................................................................................C262
OPTIMIZATION OF LABORATORY TESTS ON ELECTRIC GRADE STEEL AT CSN USING METHODS
OF LEAN SIX SIGMA.................................................................................................................................................C29
OPTIMIZATION OF SOLUBILIZATION AND AGING HEAT TREATMENT CONDITIONS Ni RICH Ni-Ti
ALLOY FORGED WIRE FOR SUPERELASTIC APPLICATIONS..........................................................................C195
ORE TRANSPORTATION PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS ACHIEVED THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF
NIOBIUM MICROALLOYED STEELS IN DUMP TRUCK BUCKETS .....................................................................C84
OTIMIZAÇÃO DA COLETA DE PÓ DA SINTERIZAÇÃO 2...........................................................................................C109
OTIMIZAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES DE TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO DE SOLUBILIZAÇÃO E ENVELHECIMENTO EM
LIGA FORJADA DE NiTi RICA EM Ni PARA APLICAÇÕES SUPERELÁSTICAS................................................C195
44 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Otimização de ensaios laboratoriaIs de produtos para fins elétricos na CSN com uso de
ferramentas Lean Six SigmA..........................................................................................................................C29
OTIMIZAÇÃO DE PROCESSO DE REGENERAÇÃO MECÂNICA DE AREIA FENÓLICA USADA DE FUNDIÇÃO.C140
OTIMIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE FRESAMENTO E ANÁLISE DE TENSÕES RESIDUAIS NA LIGA Ti6Al4V.......C261
OXYGEN AS A FACTOR LIMITING THE CORROSION OF STEEL PILES...................................................................C42
P
Paste production from phosphate rock tailings trough free settling and vacuum
filtration...............................................................................................................................................................C14
PELLETIZING PLANTS TURNAROUND PLANNING, USING THE IPA (INDEPENDENT PROJECTS ANALYSIS)
MANAGEMENT PROJECTS METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................C69
Perfil de microssegregação de uma liga Ag-Cu submetida à solidificação rápida.................C234
PERFORMANCE OF AN API 5L X65 STEEL SUBMITTED TO CHARPY TESTS AFTER DIFFERENT TIMES OF
IMMERSION IN SATURATED SOLUTION FOR H2S............................................................................................. C111
PET PROCESSADO NA PRESENÇA DE EXTENSOR DE CADEIA: ESTIMATIVA DA MASSA MOLAR POR MEIO
DAS MEDIDAS DE TORQUE EM MISTURADOR INTERNO DE LABORATÓRIO...............................................C136
PET PROCESSED IN THE PRESENCE OF EXTENDER CHAIN: ESTIMATE OF MOLAR MASS THROUGH THE
TORQUE MEASURES IN INTERNAL MIXER of LABORATORY........................................................................C136
PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURED SYNTHESIZED BY COMBUSTION IN
SOLUTION...................................................................................................................................................................C2
PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND MICROSTRUCTURAL THE VARIOUS REGIONS OF
FIBER BAMBU.........................................................................................................................................................C274
physical model of inclusion removal in continuous casting tundish............................................C61
Planejamento de grandes reformas de usinas de pelotização utilizando a metodologia de
gerenciamento de projetos IPA (Independent Project Analysis)................................................C68
PLASTIC INSTABILITY IN ISO 5832-9 HIGH-NITROGEN AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL.....................................C39
PÓ DE ACIARIA ELÉTRICA – UMA ANÁLISE DA INFLUÊNCIA DA COMPOSIÇÃO NAS
ROTAS DE RECICLAGEM......................................................................................................................................C105
POLYMERIC COMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH WASTE OF DIFFERENT SIZES JATOBÁ..................................C271
potEncial de corpos de prova charpy pré-trincados (pcvn) na determinação de
curvas r e de propagação de trinca à fadiga de aços estruturais........................................ C112
Potential of precracked charpy specimens (pcvn) for determining R curves and fatigue
crack growth rates of structural steels....................................................................................... C112
PRECURSOR EFFECT ON BOEHMITE CRYSTAL FORMATION...............................................................................C223
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF DETERMINATION OF ASH CONTENT OF COAL FROM reflectance using THE
THEORY Kubelka-Munk.....................................................................................................................................C164
PREMATURE REMOVAL’S ANALYSIS OF SEGMENTS OF CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE 1 OF
ARCELORMITTAL TUBARÃO.................................................................................................................................C125
Preparação e caracterização das propriedades de tijolos de solo-cimento........................C249
Preparation and characterization of FeCrNiCoAlCu AND FeCrNiCo(AlCu)0,5 HIGH ENTROPY
multicomponenT ALLOYs................................................................................................................................C214
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROPERTIES OF SOIL-CEMENT BRICKS..................................C250
PRIMARY METALS RECYCLING FROM THE FURNITURE INDUSTRY....................................................................C237
Process optimization for mechanical reclamation of used phenolic
sand frOM foundry.........................................................................................................................................C141
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 45
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
Q
quadro comparativo da integridade estrutural das ligas de zircônio e aços inoxidáveis
austeníticos sob irradiação neutrônica............................................................................................. C113
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DAS PERDAS E DILUIÇÕES DE MINÉRIO APLICADO AO PLANEJAMENTO DE LAVRA DE
CURTO PRAZO EM MINA DE BAUXITA..................................................................................................................C12
QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE FASES INTERMETÁLICAS FORMADAS A 850°C DE AÇO INOXIDÁVEL SUPERDÚPLEX
USANDO MICROSCOPIA ELETRÔNICA DE VARREDURA.................................................................................C216
Quantification of intermetallic phases formed at 850°C of superduplex stainless steel
using scanning electron microscopy...................................................................................................C216
QUANTIFICATION OF ORE LOSSES AND DILUTIONS APPLIED IN SHORT TERM MINE PLANNING
IN BAUXITE MINE.....................................................................................................................................................C12
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF A
STEEL ABNT 5160 WITH A TIME OF ANNEALING TEMPERATURE CONSTANT................................................C54
QUEnch OILS and heat treatments results.................................................................................................C134
QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON TOOLS MADE OF AISI 4340 STEEL ...............................................................C292
R
RARE EARTH’S RECYCLING FROM NICKEL METAL HYDRIDE BATTERIES: CHARACTERIZATION STAGE.....C239
RECICLAGEM DE PÓ DE ACIARIA ELÉTRICA............................................................................................................C104
46 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
S
SAWDUST INCORPORATION SCHEMES IN TOUGHENED POLYPROPYLENE (PP/EPDM/TALC):
EFFECT ON COMPOSITE THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES..........................................................C215
SEQUENTIAL GAUSSIAN SIMULATION AND DIRECT SEQUENTIAL SIMULATION:
A COMPARISON OF METHODS............................................................................................................................C190
SIMULAÇÃO COMPUTACIONAL DO PROCESSO DE TREFILAÇÃO AVALIANDO POSSÍVEIS CAUSAS DE
DISTORÇÕES NA PRODUÇÃO DE BARRAS AISI 1045......................................................................................C218
SIMULAÇÃO DA CURVA DE RESFRIAMENTO DA ZONA TERMICAMENTE AFETADA DO AÇO API 5L X80
SOLDADO PELO PROCESSO ARAME TUBULAR AUTOPROTEGIDO..............................................................C228
SIMULAÇÃO DA LAMINAÇÃO VIA STECKEL DE UM AÇO MICROLIGADO AO NIÓBIO UTILIZANDO ENSAIOS DE
TORÇÃO....................................................................................................................................................................C98
SIMULAÇÃO DE REAÇÕES COM NUCLEAÇÃO E CRESCIMENTO DE FASES SEQUENCIAIS PELO MÉTODO DO
CONE CAUSAL........................................................................................................................................................C233
SIMULAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA DO ESCOAMENTO BIFÁSICO NO INTERIOR DO MODELO FÍSICO DO
DISTRIBUIDOR DE LINGOTAMENTO CONTÍNUO...............................................................................................C242
SIMULAÇÃO SEQUENCIAL GAUSSIANA E SIMULAÇÃO SEQUENCIAL DIRETA: COMPARATIVO ENTRE
MÉTODOS...............................................................................................................................................................C190
SIMULATION OF COOLING CURVES OF THE HEAT AFFECTED ZONES OF API 5L X80 STEEL OF
WELDS MADE BY FLUX CORE ARC WELDING SELF PROTECTING...............................................................C228
SIMULATION OF REACTION WITH NUCLEATION AND GROWTH OF SEQUENTIAL PHASES
BY THE CAUSAL CONE METHOD.........................................................................................................................C233
SÍNTESE DE CARVÃO ATIVADO A PARTIR DE LODO DE ESGOTO E SUA APLICAÇÃO NA ADSORÇÃO DE
POLUENTE INORGÂNICO.....................................................................................................................................C141
SÍNTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE ALUMINA DOPADA COM ESTRÔNCIO VIA MOAGEM ÚMIDA........................C66
SÍNTESE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FERRITA DE NÍQUEL E NÍQUEL-ZINCO PELO MÉTODO DE
POLIMERIZAÇÃO DE COMPLEXOS.....................................................................................................................C275
Síntese por Moagem Reativa de Nanocompósitos Armazenadores de Hidrogênio..................C127
Sodium hypochlorite and xanthan as a strategy to control biocorrosion in
looping with laminar flow..........................................................................................................................C151
SOLDABILIDADE DO AÇO ESTRUTURAL EN 10025-4 S355M NA FABRICAÇÃO DE TORRES EÓLICAS..............C20
Solid oxide fuel cell (sofc) with Cu-ceria anode running on methane or biogas mixtures:
thermodynamic analysis..............................................................................................................................C266
stability of the Borides Nb2B3 and Nb5B6..........................................................................................................C124
STECKEL MILL HOT ROLLING SIMULATION BY TORSION TEST OF A NIOBIUM MICROALLOYED STEEL..........C98
STORAGE TECHNOLOGY APPLIED IN MANAGEMENT TOOLS SUPPORT IN MACHINING AUTOMOTIVE........C159
STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF MAINTENANCE IN PLANTS PELLETIZING........................C71
STRESS RELIEF ANNEALING IN FCAW WELDED JOINTS OF asme SA516-70 AND
ASME SA387-11 STEELS.........................................................................................................................................C20
Structural and Mechanical characterization of ferritic stainless steel
Expanded sheets.............................................................................................................................................. C114
STRUCTURAL/COMPOSITIONAL EVOLUTION DURING INTERCRITICAL ANNEALING HEAT TREATMENT OF
LOW CARBON STEEL WITH Mo AND Nb MICROADDITION.............................................................................C260
Study and application of DCPD Telene, PU.R.RIM and PP-TD 20 materials in aesthetic
components for trucks...............................................................................................................................C135
STUDY FOR ALTERNATIVE USE OF WASTE GENERATED DURING THE PROCESSING OF COAL: OBTAINING
HUMIC ACID, CHARACTERIZATION AND USE IN THE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER...............................C108
Study hydrometallurgical route aiming silver recovery from waste printed circuit
boards..................................................................................................................................................................C267
48 69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
STUDY ON THE UTILIZATION OF VEGETAL AND INTEGRAL OILS USED AS CUTTING FLUID IN GRINDING
PROCESS................................................................................................................................................................C213
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO CORROSION OF TWO DIFFERENT TYPES OF STEEL (CA-50 and CA-60) USED IN CIVIL
CONSTRUCTION....................................................................................................................................................C149
T
technical feasibility for the use of fgd gypsum as AN additive setting time retArder for
portland cement.............................................................................................................................................C210
TECHnological forecast in magnesium based materials for hydrogen storage USING patent
documents..........................................................................................................................................................C157
TEST WITH MARKED BALLS IN THE CONCENTRATOR I’S PRIMARY GRINDING OF SAMARCO.........................C16
U
UM BENCHMARKING DA GESTÃO DA QUALIDADE DAS EMPRESAS DE TRATAMENTO TÉRMICO DE
FERRAMENTAS INDUSTRIAIS DO BRASIL..........................................................................................................C130
USE OF EPC, PREDICTIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTY SYSTEM, AS A TOOL FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT....C87
69º Congresso Anual da ABM - Internacional | 21 a 25 de julho de 2014 51
69th ABM International Annual Congress | July 21st to 25th, 2014
V
VALORIZAÇÃO, CLASSIFICAÇÃO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE PCIs.........................................................................C108
Valorization, rating and characterization of PCBs...............................................................................C108
VARIÁVEIS DO PROCESSO TERMOMECÂNICO QUE INFLUENCIAM A RELAÇÃO ELÁSTICA DO CA-60.......... C116
VERIFICAÇÃO ESTATÍSTICA DA ANÁLISE DE INCLUSÕES DE ESCÓRIA EM AMOSTRAS FERROSAS
COLETADAS NO ENTORNO DO MORRO DE ARAÇOIABA................................................................................C232
VERIFICATION OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SLAG INCLUSIONS IN SAMPLES FROM FERROUS COLLECTED
IN THE VICINITY OF MORRO ARAÇOIABA..........................................................................................................C232
Viabilidade técnica para uso de gesso fgd como aditivo retardador do tempo de pega em
cimento portland............................................................................................................................................C210
W
WASTEWATER AND SLURRY CHARACTERIZATION FROM A FERROMANGANESE ALLOYS PLANT................C236
WELDABILITY OF THE STRUCTURAL STEEL EN 10025-4 S355M IN THE MANUFACTURING WIND TOWERS...C21
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