Transformers: Practice Problems: Set 1

1. A single-phase transformer on no load has a core loss of 80 W, draws a current of 3.5

A and an induced emf of 230 V. Determine the no-load pf, core loss current, and
magnetizing current. Also calculate the no load circuit parameters of the transformer.
(Ans: No-load power factor=0.0994, core loss current= 0.35 A, magnetizing
current=3.48 A, Gi=1.5123x10-3 S, Bm=15.1304x10-3 S)

2. OC and SC tests are conducted on a 20 kVA, 50 Hz, 2400 V/240 V transformer, with
its LV open circuited and LV short circuited, respectively. Meter readings are listed
below.
Voltage(V) Current(A) Power(W)
OC test 2400 0.6 150
SC test 60 8.3333 280

(a) Compute the shunt and series parameters. (Ans: Referred to HV: Gi =0.2604x10-4
S, Bm=2.4864x10-4 S, Req=4.032 Ω, Xeq=5.9651 Ω)
(b) Draw the equivalent circuit referred to HV side.
(c) Draw the equivalent circuit referred to LV side.

3. For a 20 kVA, 2000 V/200 V, single phase transformer, the core loss and the full load
copper loss are found to be 120 W and 300 W, respectively. Calculate
a) the efficiency when full load at power factor of 0.6 (lagging) is connected to
the LV side. (Ans: 96.6184%).
b) the efficiency when 30% of full load at power factor of 0.6 (leading) is connected
to the LV side (Ans: 96.0768%).
c) the maximum efficiency of the transformer when the load power factor is 0.6
(lagging)? (Ans: 96.9346%)

4. The equivalent circuit parameters referred to the LV side of a 250 V/2500 V single
phase transformer are as follows:
Shunt branch: Resistance= 250 Ω, Reactance = 500 Ω
Series branch: Resistance= 0.2 Ω, Reactance= 0.7 Ω
The load connected to HV side is (380 + j230) Ω. With rated voltage at the load
terminals, calculate
a) The primary voltage
b) Primary side current and pf
c) Efficiency
5. A 5 kVA, 50 Hz, single phase transformer has a core loss of 40 W and a copper loss
of 25 W at 50% of full load operation. The daily variation of load on the transformer
is constant with respect to the number of hours and is as follows
Hours Description
7 hours 6 kW at 0.9 pf
5 hours 2 kW at 0.8 pf
6 hours 3 kW at 0.6 pf
6 hours No load
Calculate the all-day efficiency.
(Ans: All day efficiency= 95.9829%)

6. The efficiency of 1000 kVA, 50 Hz, single-phase transformer is 98.5% at half full
load at 0.8 pf leading and 98.8% at full load unity pf. Determine the following
a) Iron loss
b) Full load copper loss
c) Maximum efficiency at unity power factor.
(Ans: Iron loss= 4.0716 kW, Full load copper loss= 8.0733 kW, Max efficiency
=98.8662%)