UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES VISAYAS TACLOBAN COLLEGE

Tacloban City

Exercise 10
Muscles of the Lower Jaw, Pectoral, and Abdomen
Objectives: To dissect, identify, and illustrate the different superficial muscles
Materials: Live Toad Short Bond Paper
Dissecting Set Pen
Dissecting Pan/NP Pencil
Procedure:
1. Get your specimen. Carry out the dissection procedure as performed during the
demonstration, this time with the aim of exposing the muscles listed herein.
2. Identify and label the illustrated muscles of the lower jaw, pectoral, and abdomen
in both the dorsal and ventral views.
3. Research on the insertion, origin, and action of each muscle identified.
4. Answer the questions at the end of this exercise.
On the dorsal side of the body, identify the following muscles:
1. Temporalis = more or less circular, between the eyes and the tympanum.
2. Depressor mandibulae = fan-shaped, posterior to the temporalis.
3. Dorsalis scapulae = attached to the suprascapular and underneath the depressor
mandibulae.
4. Latissimus dorsi = broad muscle whose fibers run horizontally meeting at the mid-
dorsal line.
5. Longissimus dorsi = posterior to the latissimus dorsi and runs along the vertebral
column.
6. Coccygeo-iliacus = posterior to longissimus dorsi , attached to the urostyle and the
iliac bones.
7. Cutaneous abdominis = small, thin muscle hanging near the angle of the hindlimb;
oftentimes removed with the skin (so be very careful not to have it removed).
8. Gluteus = small muscle on the posterior lateral side of the coccygeo-iliacus.
9. Pyriformis = thin transverse muscle near angle between the 2 thighs.
10. External oblique = runs obliquely on the lateral side of the body.
The ventral side, identify the following muscles:
1. Mylohyoid = the horizontal muscle on the ventral surface of the lower jaw.
2. Deltoid = muscle of the upper arm.
3. Pectoralis = large muscle on the anterior part of the trunk which is divided into the
anterior, middle and posterior portions.
4. Rectus abdominis = the medial muscle of the abdomen divided into left and right sides
by the linea alba. Inscriptionis tendinae are horizontal lines of connective tissues.
5. External oblique = as seen on the dorsal side. Runs obliquely on the lateral side of the
body.
Guide Question:
1. What are the bases of naming muscles? Give examples.
2. What are synergistic muscles? Antagonistic muscles? List at least 5 pairs of each.
3. Differentiate:
a. origin from insertion of muscles
b. tendon and aponeuroses
c. abductor and adductor muscles
d. dilator and constrictor muscles