a) Complete the reading

Gum disease three times Bacteria fall out mouth enamel cavities mouth offensive breath
DENTAL CARE

After you eat, ____________ goes crazy over the sugar on your teeth, like ants at a picnic. The bacteria break it down
into acids that eat away a tooth___________, causing holes called______________. You can also get gingivitis, which
is a __________________________ that can make your gums red, swollen and sore. Your gums are those soft pink
tissues in your __________ that hold your teeth in place. If you don’t take care of your teeth, cavities and unhealthy
gums will make your _________ very sore. Your teeth could _____________. Eating meals will be difficult, and you
won’t feel like smiling so much. Also, you must brush your teeth every day at least ___________________. If you
don’t take care of your mouth, you can also get halitosis, which is __________________________, and you don’t want
others you stay away from your because of your bad breath, right?

b) Read and write the correct disease

1. It’s caused by plaque.__________________

2. It’s an inflammation of the gums._____________________
3. To prevent it, you have to get a professional cleaning.__________________
4. It’s offensive breath.__________________________
5. It’s caused by dry mouth or medication._____________________
6. It’s tooth decay.________________________ Dental caries
7. You can avoid it with dairy wash ups.______________________
8. It’s also called cavities.___________________________
9. It’s caused by bacteria.___________________________
10. To prevent it, you have to brush your teeth regularly__________________

c) Match

1. Symptoms of halitosis ( ) gingivitis

2. It’s an inflammation of the gums. ( ) plaque
3. What can we do to prevent caries? ( ) brush our teeth
4. It’s also called cavities. ( ) dry mouth, medications and food particles
5. What are the symptoms of gingivitis? ( ) red, swollen tender gums that may bleed
6. It causes gums to bleed. ( ) gingivitis
7. What causes gingivitis? ( ) tooth ache and tooth sensibility
8. What causes halitosis? ( ) odor or bad breath
9. Which are the symptoms of dental caries? ( ) dental caries
10. A recommendation for gingivitis. ( ) get professional cleaning
Halitosis

If you suffer from bad breath, you are not alone. Bad breath, also called halitosis, can be downright
embarrassing. According to dental studies, about 85 percent of people with persistent bad breath have a dental
condition that is to blame.Gum disease, cavities, oral cancer, dry mouth, and bacteria on the tongue are some of
the dental problems that can cause bad breath. Using mouthwash to cover up bad breath when a dental problem
is present will only mask the odor and not cure it.If you suffer from chronic bad breath, visit your dentist to rule
out any of these problems. Read more about the top seven ways to prevent bad breath.

Teeth Decay- dental caries

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries, cavities, or caries, is a breakdown of teeth due to activities of
bacteria. The cavities may be a number of different colors from yellow to black. Symptoms may include pain
and difficulty with eating. Complications may include inflammation of the tissue around the tooth, tooth loss,
and infection or abscess formation. The cause of caries is bacterial breakdown of the hard tissues of the teeth
(enamel, dentin and cementum). This occurs due to acid made from food debris or sugar on the tooth surface.
Simple sugars in food are these bacteria's primary energy source and thus a diet high in simple sugar is a risk
factor. If mineral breakdown is greater than build up from sources such as saliva, caries results. Risk factors
include conditions that result in less saliva such as: diabetes mellitus, Sjogren's syndrome and some
medications. Medications that decrease saliva production include antihistamines and antidepressants. Caries is
also associated with poverty, poor cleaning of the mouth, and receding gums resulting in exposure of the roots
of the teeth. Prevention of dental caries includes regular cleaning of the teeth, a diet low in sugar, and small
amounts of fluoride. Brushing the teeth twice per day and flossing between the teeth once a day is
recommended by many. Fluoride may be from water, salt or toothpaste among other sources. Treating a
mother's dental caries may decrease the risk in her children by decreasing the numbers of certain bacteria
Screening can result in earlier detection. Depending on the extent of destruction, various treatments can be used
to restore the tooth to proper function or the tooth may be removed.[4] There is no known method to grow back
large amounts of tooth. The availability of treatment is often poor in the developing world. Paracetamol
(acetaminophen) or ibuprofen may be taken for pain.

Gingivitis

Gingivitis ("inflammation of the gum tissue") is a non-destructive disease that occurs around the teeth.[1] The most
common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial
biofilms (also called plaque) that is attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.

The symptoms of gingivitis are somewhat non-specific and manifest in the gum tissue as the classic signs of
inflammation:

 Swollen gums
 Bright red or purple gums
 Gums that are tender or painful to the touch
 Bleeding gums or bleeding after brushing and/or flossing
 Bad breath (halitosis)

Additionally, the stippling that normally exists in the gum tissue of some individuals will often disappear and
the gums may appear shiny when the gum tissue becomes swollen and stretched over the inflamed underlying
connective tissue. The accumulation may also emit an unpleasant odor. When the gingiva are swollen, the
epithelial lining of the gingival crevice becomes ulcerated and the gums will bleed more easily with even gentle
brushing, and especially when flossing.
1. How long is an adult’s small intestine?
 C) Helps you breathe
 D) Helps your arms and legs move
 A) 22 feet
 B) 30 inches 7. Your food can spend up to this long in the
small intestine:
 C) 30 miles
 D) 17 feet
 A) 4 minutes
2. The digestive process starts in the:  B) 4 months
 C) 4 seconds
 A) Stomach
 D) 4 hours
 B) Esophagus
8. What tube moves food from the back of
 C) Mouth
your throat to the stomach?
 D) Bathroom
 A) Epiglottis
3. The liver’s role is to:
 B) Esophagus
 A) Mash up food  C) Feeding tube
 B) Turn water into food  D) Pharynx
 C) Help the stomach
9. Which organs help with the absorption of
 D) Remove harmful substances from the nutrients?
blood
 A) Pancreas, liver, and gall bladder
4. When they reach the stomach, mashed-up
food particles mix with:  B) Liver, heart, and spleen
 C) Gall bladder, kidneys, and appendix
 A) Guava juice
 D) Kidneys, liver, and bladder
 B) Gastric juices
10. The large intestine measures about:
 C) Mucus
 D) Bile
 A) 1 foot long
5. Bile is made in the:  B) 10 feet long
 C) 5 feet long
 A) Large intestine
 D) 100 feet long
 B) Stomach
11. This is the job of the digestive system.
 C) Liver
 D) All of the above  A. To give the body shape
 B. To take in and break down food for use
6. What does the digestive system do? by the body
 C. To take in oxygen and give off carbon
dioxide
 A) Breaks down and handles food
 B) Pumps blood throughout the body
12. A long tube that carries food from the mouth 18. This organ stores swallowed food and liquid,
to the stomach. mixes up digestive juices with the food and
liquid and sends it to the small intestine.
 A. Trachea
 B. Esophagus  A. Small intestine
 C. Urethra  B. Large intestine
 C. Stomach
13. Stores the liver's digestive juices until they
are needed by the intestines. 19. Tiny fingerlike projections in the small
intestine.
 A. Pancreas
 B. Gall bladder  A. Villi
 C. Villi  B. Anus
 C. Rectum
14. An organ that produces a bodily juice called
bile. 20. This contains tiny glands that produce juices
to digest food, found in the mouth, stomach
 A. Liver and small intestine.
 B. Pancreas
 C. Gallbladder  A. Villi
 B. Mucosa
15. The place where digested molecules of food,  C. Anus
water, and minerals are absorbed.
21. Composed of the teeth, tongue, salivary
 A. Small intestine glands and muscles, this part takes in food to
 B. Large intestine begin the process of digestion.
 C. Mouth
 A. Anus
16. This organ produces a digestive juice that  B. Esophagus
contains a wide array of enzymes to break  C. Mouth
down fat, carbohydrate, and protein in food.
22. The final portion of the large intestine.
 A. Pancreas
 B. Liver  A. Esophagus
 C. Large intestine  B. Rectum
 C. Gallbladder
17. This part of the digestive system removes
solid wastes such as feces from the body. 23. The opening at the end of the digestive tract
in which solid wastes are eliminated.
 A. Large intestine
 B. Small intestine  A. Anus
 C. Esophagus  B. Mucosa
 C. Liver