PARTS OF A CELL  Rough ER: ribosomes are attached to

the outside
1. Nucleus
 is abundant in cells that secrete
 The control center of the cell which
protein.
regulates the cell cycle, protein
 synthesis secretory proteins, cell
synthesis and growth reproduction.
membrane protein and organelle
 It contains DNA or genetic material.
protein.
 The nucleus averages about 5 microns
 synthesis of phospholipids and ER
in diameter.
associated protein.
Nucleolus = a region (in the nucleus) where  proteins are synthesized from the
the ribosomes are made. bound ribosomes.
2. Ribosomes
b. SMOOTH ER
 particles consisted of proteins and
 doesn’t have ribosomes attached to it.
ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
 Smooth ER: synthesis of lipid (oils,
 function = protein synthesis
phospholipids, and steroids)
 They are organelles, which are made
 glycogen metabolism in the liver cells
up to 60% of RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
 detoxification of drugs and poisons
and 40% protein.
 store calcium for muscle contraction
 They are found attached to the Rough
ER or floating free in the cytoplasm.
6. GOLGI APPARATUS
3. Cytoplasm  The Golgi apparatus: -major sites for
carbohydrate synthesis
 The jelly-like material that consist of
the organelles outside the nucleus.  sorting and dispatching station for the
products of the ER
 Is where the cytoskeleton are present.
 consists of flatten membranous sacs,
4. Cytoskeleton cisternae, an organelle responsible for
processing and packaging of
 a network of fibers extending
macromolecules proteins fats and
throughout the cytoplasm
carbohydrates.
 The jelly-like material that consist of
the organelles outside the nucleus.
7. VACUOLES
 Is where the cytoskeleton are present.
 Are sac-like structures that store
different materials.
5. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
 It is a network of tubules and flattened
8. LYSOSOMES
sacs which is a continuation of the
 principal sites of intracellular
outer nuclear membrane.
digestion
 is a membraned that enclosed
 contain hydrolytic enzymes to digest
passageway for transporting
proteins, polysaccharides, fats and
materials.
nucleic acids.
a. ROUGH ER
  are garbage collectors that take in
damaged or worn out cells.
 They are also known as the suicide
bag of the cell.
9. Mithochondria
 is an organelle that is the
powerhouse of the cell.
 enclosed by two membrane
outer and inner membrane with
different permeability.
 cristae = fold inner membrane to
increase the surface area.
 matrix = which cristae is present.
10. Plasma Membrane
 function of plasma membrane
selective barrier that allows passage
of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes for
the whole volume of the cell.
3.intermediate filament
 provide mechanical strength and
resistance to shear stress.
Cell Motility
Cilia and Flagella
 both cilia and flagella are constructed
from microtubules
 both provide either locomotion for the
cell or move fluid pass the cell
 found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Cilia
 microscopic hair-like projections.
Flagella
 a little tail that can help a cell move or
propel itself.

11. Chloroplast
 is one of the generalized plant
structure called plastids
 found in mesophyll cells of the leaves
and in algae
 2 membranes: inner and outer
membrane
Stroma - matrix of mitochondria
thylakoids - contain photosynthetic
machinery of the chloroplast.
3 main types of fiber:
1.microtubules
 determine the positions of membrane
enclosed organelles and intracellular
transport.
2.microfilament
 determine the shape of the cell and
necessary for the whole cell
locomotion