In a rapid development, it will result a change of landscape which involving the changes structure of soil and plants.

These factors have contributed to the occurrence of increasing the storm water flow and affect the hydrological cycle. Therefore, a green roof has
been introduced as the Sustainable Urban Drainage System (SUDS) which is an approach to problem solving, especially in urban areas to reduce storm water runoff. So, the purpose of this study is to access the generic hydrological model for green roofs under different climates. This research
is a continuation of previous studies, where the hydrological models were developed at the University of Sheffield, United Kingdom. Basically, the component of model was involving the water balance and storage routing equation which the both of equation will be used for determine retention
and detention storage. Thus, by applying the same component model, local rainfall and temperature data will be collected from the Malaysian Meteorological Department and Department of Irrigation and Drainage. The maximum amount of annual rainfall data for 12 years (2012 – 2000) is in
2011, approximately 1987mm. This study focused on January, 2011 which recorded the highest rainfall about 385.8mm. Based on analysis, peak rainfall is 6.4mm/5min, peak runoff is 1.0mm/5min, evapotranspiration (ET) rate is 3.6m/day with temperature 25.2̊C.These results were determined
using the Thornthwaite equation and analyzed with Microsoft Excel 2010. Then, the highest rainfall individually event is 154.94mm recorded on 30 January 2011 show the capability for retention about 18.21%. However, the model able estimate and predict the storage routing along January
2011. So, the maximum storage 15.4mm still can hold the highest rainfall event, 154.94mm. In conclusion, this model show the performance of hydrological based on input and output parameters and ability to predict the retention and attenuation especially for heavy rainfall activity.

Background of study Objectives

Green roofs were shown to recreate part of the
INTRODUCTION

• The pattern of development • To assess the generic development hydrology through increasing interception,

LITERATURE
has been issue on the global hydrological model for green storm water storage, evaporation, and transpiration on
agenda. roof under different climatic the rooftop. (T. Carter and C. Butler, 2008)

REVIEW
• Losses of the soil and condition.
vegetation were give impact to
the storm water.
The response of rainfall and runoff during a storm event
on the green roof show the runoff is delayed, peak runoff
Scope of study Problem statement and total runoff volume will be reduced. The key Figure 1: Annual total rainfall Figure 2: Annual total monthly in Figure 3: Temperature and ET rate Figure 4: Rainfall and
hydrological mechanisms operating within the green roof (2000-2012) 2011 graph evapotranspiration rate
• Evapotranspiration rate has • Urban stormwater runoff are the interception of rainfall by the plant layer,
been estimated from the Number of Monthly
makes a significant infiltration into the medium of soil and storage in the Month days in a
T Temperature
heat index,
PEx, ET, ET,
generic ET equation contribution to the sewerage substrate and reservoir storage in the drainage layer. month
(daylight) in 2011
i
mm mm/month mm/day
(Thornwaite) based on local mainly it will derive flooding (Kasmin.H, 2010) January 31 12 25.2 11.57 108.15 111.75 3.60
data. and the urban water quality Febuary 28 12 26.3 12.35 127.75 119.23 4.26

RESULTS AND DATA ANALYSIS

problem. March 31 12 26.2 12.28 125.86 130.06 4.20
April 30 12 27 12.85 141.52 141.52 4.72
May 31 12 27.9 13.50 160.82 166.18 5.36
Jun 30 12 27.7 13.36 156.37 156.37 5.21
July 31 12 27.8 13.43 158.58 163.87 5.29
Start Thornthwaite Equation Water balance equation August 31 12 27.6 13.28 154.18 159.32 5.14
September 30 12 27.1 12.92 143.57 143.57 4.79
Q = P – ET - ∆S October 31 12 26.2 12.28 125.86 130.06 4.20
METHODOLOGY

ET= PEx (DT/360) 1.514

_ a j=(T/5)
Selecting station and location (Batu   November 30 12 27 12.85 141.52 141.52 4.72
 10 T  Q = inflow Figure 7 : Hydrograpgh
Pahat) PE m  16  
December 31 12 26.5 12.49 131.57 135.96 4.39
 J  P – rainfall Table 1: Evapotranspiration Rate
  ET – evapotranspiration
Collecting data (Rainfall and 𝐚 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟗 + 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕𝟗 × 𝑱 ∆S – change in storage
Figure 3.3 Layer of hydrological modeling
temperature) (Source : Alumasc, 2004) − 𝟕. 𝟕𝟏 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟓 × 𝑱𝟐
+(𝟔. 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 × 𝑱𝟑 ) Storage routing equation

Data analysis (Microsoft Excel) PEx = monthly potential ET Qout = khn

T = mean monthly temperature Q = outflow
J = yearly heat index (total h = depth of the moisture in
Result and outcome parameter monthly heat index, j) the substrate,
D = the number of days in a k and n = routing
month parameters. Figure 5: Rainfall event monthly on Figure 6: Rainfall event on 25-26
Figure : Test bed in Mappin Street, Figure 7: Rainfall event on 28-31 January
Conclusion and recommendation January January
Sheffield (Kasmin, 2010)
Observed data Modelled data
Duration
Date Total rainfall Total runoff Peak rainfall Peak runoff Type of rainfall
(min) Retention (%) Attenuation (%)
RECOMMENDATION

(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm)

In fact, this model can a) Kasmin, H., Stovin, V. and 8/01/2011 30 1.1 0 100.00 0.5 0 100.00 Light
So, end of this study the outcome of the peak rainfall be used to estimate Hathway., E.A. (2010). 9/01/2011 35 5.9 0 100.00 2.6 0 100.00 Light
CONCLUSION

(6.4mm/5min) and peak runoff (1.0mm/5min) along January the highest

REFRENCES

Towards a generic rainfall- 10/01/2011 60 1.3 0 100.00 0.1 0 100.00 Light

2011 were determined. Besides that, the ET rate on January individually rainfall runoff model for green 14/01/2011 45 5 0 100.00 1.5 0 100.00 Light
was estimate using Thornthwaite Equation which is 3.6mm/day than 127.9mm to roofs. Water Science &
15/01/2011 45 18.9 0.13 99.31 4.8 0.06 98.72 Moderate
with temperature 25.2̊C. Basically, ET rate will different depend 17/01/2011 25 5.5 0 100.00 1.9 0 100.00 Light
determine whether Technology Journal—WST 25/01/2011 10 0.5 0 100.00 0.4 0 100.00 Light
on climatic condition. So, from the result shown the capability the substrate is able Vol 62 No 4 pp 898–905 26/01/2011 330 55.7 11.82 78.78 4.2 0.54 87.26 Heavy
of model in retention is 10%-80% during the very heavy and to store water with a bStovin, V., Vesuviano, G. & 26/01/2011 215 25.4 25.30 0.39 3 0.67 77.75 Moderate
heavy rainfall event. Thus, the maximum storage 15.4mm still maximum storage Kasmin, H. (2011). The 26/01/2011 45 5.2 2.00 61.55 1.3 0.48 63.34 Light
can accommodate the highest rainfall (127.9mm). However, the 27/01/2011 70 4.6 0.56 87.79 0.8 0.057 92.92 Moderate
15.4mm because Hydrological Performance of
relationship between the parameter hydrological was figure 28/01/2011 275 15.8 2.85 81.96 1.9 0.13 93.16 Moderate
some area in Malaysia a Green Roof Test Bed 29/01/2011 460 24.8 14.08 43.24 5 0.25 95.11 Moderate
out based on water balance and storage routing equation. have a extreme Under UK Climatic 30/01/2011 430 20.4 16.01 21.52 4.5 0.28 93.77 Moderate
Therefore, this study to assess the generic hydrological model rainfall such as Conditions. The Journal of 30/01/2011 745 127.9 85.23 33.37 6.4 0.98 84.62 Very heavy
green roof with produce the prediction data was successfully. Terengganu, Pahang. Hydrology 414-415(2012) 30/01/2011 55 6.1 5.79 5.00 0.8 0.49 39.10 Light
31/01/2011 440 28.8 28.42 1.31 0.6 0.48 20.77 Moderate
148-151 31/01/2011 385 41.3 26.37 36.15 2.9 0.48 83.57 Heavy
Table 2: Type of rainfall