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Aiou Solved Assignments code 8620 Spring 2019 assignments 1 and 2 Computers in Education (8620) spring 2019. aiou past papers
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Speed: -ÿAs you know computer can work very fast. It takes only few seconds for calculations that we take hours to complete. YouLike
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be surprised
to know that computer can perform millions (1,000,000) of instructions and even more per second.
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Therefore, we determine the speed of computer in terms of microsecond (10-6 part of a second) or nanosecond (10 to the power -9 part of a
second). From this you can imagine how fast your computer performs work.ÿ
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Accuracy: -ÿThe degree of accuracy of computer is very high and every calculation is performed with the same accuracy. The accuracy level isÿ7.
determined on the basis of design of computer. The errors in computer are due to human and inaccurate data.
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Diligence: -ÿA computer is free from tiredness, lack of concentration, fatigue, etc. It can work for hours without creating any error. If millions of
calculations are to be performed, a computer will perform every calculation with the same accuracy. Due to this capability it overpowers human
being in routine type of work.ÿÿ
Versatility: -ÿIt means the capacity to perform completely di erent type of work. You may use your computer to prepare payroll slips. Next moment
you may use it for inventory management or to prepare electric bills.
Power of Remembering: -ÿComputer has the power of storing any amount ofÿinformationÿor data. Any information can be stored and recalled as
long as you require it, for any numbers of years. It depends entirely upon you how much data you want to store in a computer and when to lose or
retrieve these data.ÿÿ
No IQ: -ÿComputer is aÿdumb machineÿand it cannot do any work without instruction from the user. It performs the instructions at tremendous
speed and with accuracy. It is you to decide what you want to do and in what sequence. So a computer cannot take its own decision as you can.ÿ
No Feeling: -ÿIt does not have feelings or emotion, taste, knowledge and experience. Thus it does not get tired even after long hours of work. It does
not distinguish between users.
Storage: -ÿThe Computer has an in-built memory where it can store a large amount of data. You can also store data in secondaryÿstorage
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devicesÿsuch as oppies, which can be kept outside your computer and can be carried to other computers.
Categories of computer and their uses:
Below you?ll nd an extensive, descriptive list of the ve types of computers, from supercomputers to mobile computers, and everything in
between.
Supercomputers
A supercomputer is pretty much exactly what it sounds like. It?s a term used to describe computers that have the most capable processing power of
its time.ÿEarly supercomputers in the 60s and 70s used just a couple processors, while the 90s saw supercomputers with thousands of processors at
a time. Today, modern supercomputers runÿhundredsÿof thousands of processors, capable of computingÿquadrillions of calculationsÿin just a few
nanoseconds. You probably won?t be needing that kind of power to access Facebook? Actually, supercomputers are used in computational science
to calculate and carry outÿa plethora of complex tasks. Modeling molecular structures, weather forecasting, and the eld of quantum mechanics,
among others, rely on supercomputers and their intense processing power to solve their equations.
Mainframe Computers
Like supercomputers, mainframe computers are huge, towering machines with lots of processing power. Mainframe computers are mostly used
byÿcorporations, government agencies,ÿand banks ? organizations that need a way to store large quantities of information. They are not the same as
supercomputers. The processing capabilities of mainframe computers are measured in MIPS, or millions of instructions per second. Supercomputers,
on the other hand, are measured in FLOPS, or oating point operations per seconds.
Minicomputers
A minicomputer is a multiprocessing machine that can support up to about 200 users at the same time. It?s like a less powerful mainframe computer,
ﺎم اﺳﺌﻨﻤﻨﭩﺲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﮨﯿﮟ اﭘﻨﺎ
and is about the size of a refrigerator. A server can be an example of a minicomputer, but not all servers are minicomputers. Despite their name, a
minicomputer isÿnotÿa personal computer like the desktop machine you might have at home or work. They are much larger than that. Because ﮐ ﺮ ﯾ ﮟofﯾ ﮩ ﺎ ں ﺳ ﺮ چ
the ways microcomputers ? which we?ll cover next ? have excelled in processing power even beyond minicomputers, and at a much smaller size,
minicomputers have become pretty much obsolete. Search …
Microcomputers
Microcomputers are the ones people are most familiar with on a daily, non-professional basis, but of course that doesn?t mean they?re exclusive to
the home. Microcomputers are smaller computers that run on microprocessors in their central processing units. They are much,ÿmuchÿcheaper than
supercomputers, mainframe computers and even minicomputers, because they?re meant for everyday uses that are more practical than professional.
The range of capabilities for microcomputers are still vast, though. A lm editor might use a microcomputer to run many intensive ﺻ ﻞediting
ﻨ ﭩ ﺲ ﺣ ﺎprograms
ﮐﺮﯾﮟ اور اﺳﺌﻨﻤﯿ
at once, while a studentÿmight use a microcomputer for Facebook and word processing. Need help with the basic functionality of microcomputers? ﺮﯾﮟ
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Q.2 Explain how webpages use graphics, animations, audio, video and virtual reality? Like Page
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Some Web pages utilize interactive media, which consolidates content with illustrations, activity, sound, video, as well as virtual reality. A realistic is
a computerized portrayal of nontext data, for example, an illustration, outline, or photograph. Liveliness is the presence of movement made by
showing a progression of still pictures in arrangement. Sound incorporates music, discourse, or some other sound. Video comprises of full-movement
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pictures. Virtual reality (VR) is the utilization of PCs to mimic a situation that shows up as three-dimensional space. A module, or extra, is a program
that stretches out a program’s ability to show sight and sound components.
Some Web pages use multimedia, which combines text with graphics, animation, audio, video, and/or virtual reality. A graphic is a digital
representation of nontext information such as a drawing, chart, or photo. Animation is the appearance of motion created by displaying a series of
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still images in sequence. Audio includes music, speech, or any other sound. Video consists of full-motion images. Virtual reality (VR) is the use of
computers to simulate an environment that appears as three-dimensional space. A plug-in, or add-on, is a program that extends a browser’s
capability to display multimedia elements.
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Word processors have word wrap which move the insertion point to the next line when the current line is complete. This saves time and e ort.
Editing precision and e ciency is also o ered by this software. Consider the Thesaurus which provides synonyms, antonyms and related words for
chosen word or phrase. Find and replace feature enables users to scan and replace selected words or phrases.
There are inbuilt spelling and grammar checkers which make it easy to locate words with spelling issues or capitalization, sentence structure or
punctuation problems.
AutoCorrect feature can be used to make corrections in a thrice of a second. AutoText inserts words or sentences into the document at the exact
point one wants.
AutoComplete even ensures the user does not even have to type the complete word to include it in the document.
If looks matter, can your word processor be far behind? Numerous features within the word processor can improve the format or appearance of any
document in seconds. This includes font appearance, font size, character e ects such as bold, italic, colors and shadow, alignment and lists.
Word processing software involves creation of text based documents which can be stored, edited and formatted with ease.
Additional word processing features include WordArt to modify titles, hyphens, columns and text boxes for critical information ﮐ ﺮ ﯾ ﮟ ا و ر ا ﺳ ﺌ ﻨ ﻤ ﯿ ﻨ ﭩ ﺲ ﺣ ﺎ ﺻ ﻞ
ﺮﯾﮟ
Most word processing software also generates reports and comes equipped with tools to create gure captions, tables, headers, footers,endnotes
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For web pages, word processors include prede ned templates, hypertext links and support for Web pages.
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Q.4 Enlist di erent modes of CAI. Develop a rational for the use of CAI in your educational institution. Be the first of your friends to like this
Answer:
Computer-assisted instruction (CAI), a program of instructional material presented by means of a computer or computer systems. The use of Solved Assignm
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computers in education started in the 1960s. With the advent of convenient microcomputers in the 1970s, computer use in schools has become
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widespread from primary education through the university level and even in some preschool programs. Instructional computers are basically used in
one of two ways: either they provide a straightforward presentation of data or they ll a tutorial role in which the student is tested on
comprehension.
If the computer has a tutorial program, the student is asked a question by the computer; the student types in an answer and then gets an immediate Jaldi Jaldi a
response to the answer. If the answer is correct, the student is routed to more challenging problems; if the answer is incorrect, various computer
messages will indicate the aw in procedure, and the program will bypass more complicated questions until the student shows mastery in that area.
There are many advantages to using computers in educational instruction. They provide one-to-one interaction with a student, as well as an
instantaneous response to the answers elicited, and allow students to proceed at their own pace. Computers are particularly useful in subjects that
require drill, freeing teacher time from some classroom tasks so that a teacher can devote more time to individual students. A computer program can
be used diagnostically, and, once a student?s problem has been identi ed, it can then focus on the problem area. Finally, because of the privacy and
individual attention a orded by a computer, some students are relieved of the embarrassment of giving an incorrect answer publicly or of going
more slowly through lessons than other classmates.
Typical CAI provides
multiple-choice questions
problems
immediate feedback
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Drill-and-practiceÿDrill and practice provide opportunities or students to repeatedly practice the skills that have previously been presented and that
further practice is necessary for mastery.
TutorialÿTutorial activity includes both the presentation of information and its extension into di erent forms of work, including drill and practice,
games and simulation.
GamesÿGame software often creates a contest to achieve the highest score and either beat others or beat the computer.
SimulationÿSimulation software can provide an approximation of reality that does not require the expense of real life or its risks.ﺎ م ا ﺳ ﺌ ﻨ ﻤ ﻨ ﭩ ﺲ ﻣ ﻮ ﺟ ﻮ د ﮨ ﯿ ﮟ ا ﭘ ﻨ ﺎ
ﯾﮩﺎں ﺳﺮچ ﮐﺮﯾﮟ
DiscoveryÿDiscovery approach provides a large database of information speci c to a course or content area and challenges the learner to analyze,
compare, infer and evaluate based on their explorations of the data. Search …
Problem SolvingÿThis approach helps children develop speci c problem solving skills and strategies.
s established by the above review, computer
use has been applied experimentally at the preschool
level on a wide scope of skills and knowledge acqui- ﮐﺮﯾﮟ اور اﺳﺌﻨﻤﯿﻨﭩﺲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ
sition. Results demonstrated a signi?cant contribu-
ﺮﯾﮟ
tion of computer use in the classroom as a learning
tool. Such use, however, should keep pace with the (HTTPS://WWW.FAC
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development of children at preschool age. The CAI
programmes applied should be developmentally
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learning tool of any type would have little e?ect if the Like Page
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Also one should bear in mind the small size of Like Page
take notes on or to create outlines at a conference or lecture during which images have to be viewed by the audience. They can also be used by
individuals as drawing surfaces to create drawings/ paintings, and edit images. The output is almost close to handmade sketches and drawings.
The tablet works by plugging into a computer via a USB port. A stylus is similarly attached to the tablet. When a user draws a line with the stylus, the
drawing does not show up on the tablet. Instead the action generates a signal that goes to a vertical grid of wires running across the tablet.
Inÿtouchscreen tabletsÿ, the whole monitor becomes the writing surface and the user interacts directly with the display instead of drawing on one
surface and viewing on another.
The pen may be battery-powered or may have a cord. When a user draw a line using the stylus, the coil circuit transfers the signals to the main
circuit inside the stylus. This calculates the number of lines-lengths, while the pressure sensitive capacitor measures the pressure of the lines. The
data signal is generated by the stylus and detected by a grid of wires in the tablet called the sensor board.
The horizontal and vertical wires of the tablet operate as both transmitting and receiving coils. the tablet generates an electromagnetic signal, which
is received by a circuit in the stylus. the stylus works as an antenna that receives the signal and generates another electromagnetic eld that “talks”
back to the tablet.
By using electromagnetic signals, the tablet is able to transfer the lines to the computer screen or display being used.
Stylus e ect:ÿThese tablets come with di erent levels of sensitivity to pressure applied on the surface by the digitiser pen or stylus.ﮟ ا ﭘ ﻨ ﺎApplied
ﻮ ﺟ ﻮ د ﮨ ﯿpressure
ﺎم اﺳﺌﻨﻤﻨﭩﺲ ﻣ
on the drawing surface of the graphics tablet gives a mark or line its thickness. Pressing the digitiser pen hard against the drawing surface will ﺮ ﯾ ﮟresult
ﯾﮩﺎں ﺳﺮچ ﮐ
in the line or mark being very dark. Lightly touching the pen to the surface of the graphic tablet will result in a lighter mark or line. With pressure
sensitivity, the user experiences a more natural approach to drawing on a computer. Search …
Sizes:ÿWacom tablets come in various sizes, with the smallest being 7.6 cm by 12.8 inches and the larger tablets having more than these dimensions.
The price of a Wacom pen and tablet varies with the size.
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