Dynamic Analysis of Pile and Drilled Shafts Under Dynamic Loading

Dynapile 2016 – User’s Manual
Dynamic analysis of pile and drilled shafts

under dynamic loading
by
Jose Roesset
Shin Tower Wang
Luis Vasquez
Hossein Fadaifard
for
ENSOFT, INC.
3003 W. Howard Lane
Austin, Texas 78728
United States of America
(Release Date: August 2016)

ii
SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT & DISCLAIMER

IMPORTANT NOTICE: Please carefully read the terms of the license
agreement and disclaimer at the end of this book. You signify acceptance
with those terms by usage of the software.
User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 General Description ................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.2 Features of the Program ............................................................................................................. 1-2
1.3 History of Development ............................................................................................................. 1-3
Dynapile 1.0 (1999) ........................................................................................................... 1-3
Dynapile 2.0 (2002) ........................................................................................................... 1-3
Dynapile 3.0 (2016) ........................................................................................................... 1-3
1.4 Organization of Dynapile Manuals ............................................................................................ 1-4
1.5 Typographical Conventions ....................................................................................................... 1-4
1.6 Contents of the Dynapile Package ............................................................................................. 1-4
1.7 Hardware Requirements............................................................................................................. 1-5
1.8 Technical Support ...................................................................................................................... 1-5
Preferred Methods of Software Support ............................................................................ 1-5
Support by Telephone ........................................................................................................ 1-6
Upgrade Verification and Internet Site .............................................................................. 1-6
Changes of Support Policy ................................................................................................. 1-6
CHAPTER 2. Installation...................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 Installation Procedures ............................................................................................................... 2-2
Installation of Single-User Version.................................................................................... 2-2
Introduction of Network Version ....................................................................................... 2-6
2.1.2.1 Installation of Network Version ..................................................................................... 2-7
2.1.2.2 Silent Installations on Client Computers........................................................................ 2-7
Backup of Original Software ............................................................................................. 2-7
Software Updates on the Internet ....................................................................................... 2-7
CHAPTER 3. Using Dynapile .............................................................................................................. 3-8
3.1 Menu Bars ................................................................................................................................ 3-11
File Menu ......................................................................................................................... 3-12
Edit Menu......................................................................................................................... 3-14
Analysis Menu ................................................................................................................. 3-17
View Menu....................................................................................................................... 3-18
Help Menu ....................................................................................................................... 3-19
3.2 Toolbars ................................................................................................................................... 3-20
Main Toolbar ................................................................................................................... 3-21
Plot Toolbar ..................................................................................................................... 3-22
View Toolbar ................................................................................................................... 3-23
3.3 Project Data.............................................................................................................................. 3-25
Project Information .......................................................................................................... 3-26
3.3.1.1 Units ............................................................................................................................. 3-27
Material List Library ........................................................................................................ 3-32
3.3.2.1 Inserting/editing new material ..................................................................................... 3-33
Section List Library ......................................................................................................... 3-35

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3.3.3.1Adding a New Cross-section........................................................................................ 3-37

Soil Layers ....................................................................................................................... 3-39
Pile Layout ....................................................................................................................... 3-42
3.3.5.1 Pile Layout Template ................................................................................................... 3-44
Superstructure .................................................................................................................. 3-46
Ground Motion................................................................................................................. 3-48
3.3.7.1 Import Ground Motion Dialog ..................................................................................... 3-50
Analysis Options .............................................................................................................. 3-52
3.4 Running Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 3-55
Troubleshooting ............................................................................................................... 3-56
3.5 Viewing Analysis Results ........................................................................................................ 3-59
Plot Data........................................................................................................................... 3-59
Solution Data ................................................................................................................... 3-63
CHAPTER 4. Examples ........................................................................................................................ 4-1
4.1 Example 1 .................................................................................................................................. 4-2
Creating the Model in Dynapile ......................................................................................... 4-3
Results ................................................................................................................................ 4-5
Comparison ........................................................................................................................ 4-9
4.2 Example 2 ................................................................................................................................ 4-15
Creating Dynapile Model ................................................................................................. 4-16
Results .............................................................................................................................. 4-18
4.3 Example 3 ................................................................................................................................ 4-26
Results .............................................................................................................................. 4-29
Comparison ...................................................................................................................... 4-40
4.4 Example 4 ................................................................................................................................ 4-43
Results .............................................................................................................................. 4-46
Comparison ...................................................................................................................... 4-64
4.5 Example 5 ................................................................................................................................ 4-67
Results .............................................................................................................................. 4-71
4.6 Example 6 .................................................................................................................................. 4-2
Creating Dynapile Model ................................................................................................... 4-2
Results ................................................................................................................................ 4-4
CHAPTER 5. References ...................................................................................................................... 5-5
License Agreement & Disclaimer .............................................................................................................. 5-1

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List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Main CD-ROM installation screen for ENSOFT software (may change with time) ............. 2-3
Figure 2.2-2 Installation screen with License Agreement (may change with time)................................... 2-4
Figure 2.2-3 Selection of Single-User License (may change with time) ................................................... 2-4
Figure 2.2-4 Default Installation Directory for Program Files (may change with time) ........................... 2-5
Figure 2.2-5 File Extension Association for Dynapile 2.0 Data Files (may change with time) ............... 2-5
Figure 2.2-6 Default Shortcut Folder in Windows Start Menu (may change with time) ........................... 2-6
Figure 3-1 Dynapile layout overview ........................................................................................................ 3-9
Figure 3-2 File menu ................................................................................................................................ 3-12
Figure 3-3 Edit menu ............................................................................................................................... 3-14
Figure 3-4 Selecting new color ................................................................................................................ 3-16
Figure 3-5 Analysis menu ........................................................................................................................ 3-17
Figure 3-6 View menu ............................................................................................................................. 3-18
Figure 3-7 Help menu .............................................................................................................................. 3-19
Figure 3-8 Toolbars can be moved around using the mouse ................................................................... 3-20
Figure 3-9 Main toolbar ........................................................................................................................... 3-21
Figure 3-10 Plot toolbar ........................................................................................................................... 3-22
Figure 3-11 View toolbar ......................................................................................................................... 3-23
Figure 3-12 Project Information .............................................................................................................. 3-25
Figure 3-13 Changing units in a spinbox ................................................................................................. 3-26
Figure 3-14 Click headers to change units on a table column ................................................................. 3-26
Figure 3-15 Display unit window ............................................................................................................ 3-27
Figure 3-16 Material list library ............................................................................................................... 3-32
Figure 3-17 New material definition ........................................................................................................ 3-33
Figure 3-18 Section list library ................................................................................................................ 3-35
Figure 3-19 Defining new sections .......................................................................................................... 3-37
Figure 3-20 Soil layer definition .............................................................................................................. 3-39
Figure 3-21 Conforming and non-conforming sublayer discretization.................................................... 3-40
Figure 3-22 Rearranging the order of soil layers ..................................................................................... 3-41
Figure 3-23 Pile configuration window ................................................................................................... 3-42
Figure 3-24 Pile layout from template ..................................................................................................... 3-44
Figure 3-25 Superstructure dialog............................................................................................................ 3-46
Figure 3-26 Computational representation of the superstructure ............................................................. 3-47
Figure 3-27 Ground motion tab ............................................................................................................... 3-48
Figure 3-28 Different ways of specifying the same set of data................................................................ 3-49
Figure 3-29 Import ground acceleration from file ................................................................................... 3-50
Figure 3-30 Order of read values when collapsing columns .................................................................... 3-51
Figure 3-31 Analysis options ................................................................................................................... 3-52
Figure 3-32 Radius interaction factor ...................................................................................................... 3-53
Figure 3-33 Pile configuration and radius interaction factors .................................................................. 3-54
Figure 3-34 Plot window ......................................................................................................................... 3-59

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Figure 3-35 Stiffness nomenclature ......................................................................................................... 3-60

Figure 3-36 Transfer function definition (a) single pile (b) pile group .................................................... 3-61
Figure 3-37 Available solution data for displaying.................................................................................. 3-64
Figure 4-1 Pile configuration in Example 1 ............................................................................................... 4-2
Figure 4-2 Isometric view of Example 1 .................................................................................................. 4-5
Figure 4-3 Single pile transfer function (Pile-head to pile-tip, x-direction) ............................................ 4-10
Figure 4-4 Single pile transfer function (Free-field to pile-tip, x-direction) ............................................ 4-11
Figure 4-5 Single pile transfer function (pile-head to free-field) ............................................................. 4-12
Figure 4-6 Pile group transfer function (pile-head to free-field, x-direction) .......................................... 4-13
Figure 4-7 Pile group transfer function (pile-head to pile-tip, x-direction) ............................................. 4-14
Figure 4-8 Example 2 configuration ........................................................................................................ 4-15
Figure 4-9 Isometric view of Example 2 ................................................................................................. 4-18
Figure 4-10 Isometric view of Example 3 ............................................................................................... 4-28
Figure 4-11 Single pile transfer function (Pile-head to free-field in the x-direction, 𝑬𝒑𝑬𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎).... 4-41
Figure 4-12 Single pile transfer function (Pile Head to Free-field in x-direction, 𝑬𝒑𝑬𝒔 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎) ...... 4-42
Figure 4-13 Example 4 configuration ...................................................................................................... 4-43
Figure 4-15 Normalized real part of vertical translation stiffness ........................................................... 4-65
Figure 4-16 Normalized vertical damping of pile group ......................................................................... 4-66
Figure 4-17 Example 5 configuration ...................................................................................................... 4-67
Figure 4-19 Superstructure response in Example 5 ................................................................................... 4-1
Figure 4-20 Foudnation response in Example 5 ....................................................................................... 4-1
Figure 4-21 Selected options for importing acceleration data ................................................................... 4-3
Figure 4-22 Imported ground acceleration data ......................................................................................... 4-3

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List of Tables
Table 3-1 Dynapile running mode and available functionalities ............................................................... 3-9
Table 3-2 Unit symbols used throughout Dynapile ................................................................................. 3-28
Table 3-3 Preconfigured unit sets ............................................................................................................ 3-28
Table 3-4 Length unit conversion table (shown to four decimal places) ................................................. 3-28
Table 3-5 Area unit conversion table ....................................................................................................... 3-29
Table 3-6 Area moment of inertia conversion table................................................................................. 3-29
Table 3-7 Density unit conversion table .................................................................................................. 3-29
Table 3-8 Pressure unit conversion table ................................................................................................. 3-29
Table 3-9 Velocity unit conversion table ................................................................................................. 3-30
Table 3-10 Acceleration conversion table ............................................................................................... 3-30
Table 3-11 Force unit conversion table.................................................................................................... 3-30
Table 3-12 Translational stiffness conversion table................................................................................. 3-30
Table 3-13 Rotational stiffness conversion table ..................................................................................... 3-31
Table 3-14 Moment stiffness conversion table ....................................................................................... 3-31
Table 3-15 Available section Types......................................................................................................... 3-38
Table 3-16 Run-time error messages ....................................................................................................... 3-56
Table 3-17 Post/During analysis errors .................................................................................................... 3-58
Table 4-1 Material properties of soil and pile in Example 1...................................................................... 4-2
Table 4-2 Material properties of soil and pile in Example 2.................................................................... 4-15
Table 4-3 Material properties of soil and pile in Example 3.................................................................... 4-26
Table 4-4 Soil layer properties in Example 5 .......................................................................................... 4-68

CHAPTER 1. Introduction
CHAPTER 1 – Introduction – 1-2
1.1 General Description

Piles and drilled shafts are frequently used as deep foundations to support large and heavy
superstructures. The static and dynamic response of these foundations, under static and dynamic loading,
is of great importance among engineers and designers.
Static response of piles may be approximated through beam on Winkler foundations and using well-
established means of approximating the behavior of soil media through a series of nonlinear springs.
Stiffness of these springs are approximated through empirical force-displacement relations referred to as
𝑡 − 𝑧 (axial resistance) and 𝑝 − 𝑦 curves (lateral resistance) proposed to correlate pile capacity to soil
strength.
While 𝑡 − 𝑧 and 𝑝 − 𝑦 curves provide adequate approximation of soil behavior under static loading, they
do not provide means of including inertial effects, dynamic interaction of piles, as well as damping under
time-varying loads for dynamic analyses of pile foundations.
Dynapile was developed as a computational tool to fill the gap by providing means of computing dynamic
stiffness of pile foundations. Dynapile is a finite-element computational software and consistent boundary
method (CBM) for the dynamic analysis of foundations in finite or semi-infinite multi-layered media.
Dynapile computes the dynamic stiffness of pile foundations, dynamic response, group reduction factors,
and time-history response of foundations under seismic motion.
1.2 Features of the Program

Dynapile provides an easy to use interface for inputting project information and displaying solution
results. Dynapile computes the following results:
1. Dynamic stiffness of pile foundations including

a. Translational (sway) stiffness of pile foundations 𝐾𝑥𝑥 , 𝐾𝑥𝑦 , 𝐾𝑦𝑦 , 𝐾𝑧𝑧
b. Rotational (rocking stiffness of pile foundations 𝐾𝑟𝑥 𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑟𝑦 𝑟𝑦 , 𝐾𝑟𝑧 𝑟𝑧
c. Translational-rotational (sway-rocking) coupling terms 𝐾𝑥 𝑟𝑦 , 𝐾𝑦 𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑧 𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑧 𝑟𝑦
2. Transfer functions (kinematic displacement factors) for single piles as well as pile foundations
a. Single pile
i. Ratio of pile-head displacement to base displacement
ii. Ratio of pile-head displacement to free-field displacement
iii. Ratio of free-field displacement to base displacement
b. Pile group
i. Ratio of pile-head displacement to pile-tip displacement in horizontal and vertical
directions
ii. Ratio of pile-head displacement to free-field displacement in horizontal and
vertical directions
3. Dynamic response of foundation and superstructure
4. Time-history response of foundation under external ground excitation

1.3 History of Development

Dynapile 1.0 (1999)
The first release of Dynapile computes the following results:
1. Dynamic stiffness of pile foundations including

a. Translational (sway) stiffness of pile foundations 𝐾𝑥𝑥 , 𝐾𝑧𝑧
b. Rotational (rocking) stiffness of pile foundations 𝐾𝑟𝑥 𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑟𝑦 𝑟𝑦
c. Translational-rotational (sway-rocking) coupling terms
𝐾𝑥 𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑥 𝑟𝑦 , 𝐾𝑦 𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑦 𝑟𝑦 , 𝐾𝑧 𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑧 𝑟𝑦
2. Transfer functions (kinematic displacement factors) for single piles as well as pile foundations
a. Single pile
i. Ratio of pile-head displacement to pile-tip displacement
ii. Ratio of pile-head displacement to free-field displacement
iii. Ratio of free-field displacement to pile-tip displacement
b. Pile group
i. Ratio of pile-head displacement to pile-tip displacement in horizontal
ii. Ratio of pile-head displacement to free-field displacement in horizontal
Dynapile 2.0 (2002)

Dynapile 2.0 allows for specification of piles in arbitrary configuration with pile-head coordinates.
Dynapile 3.0 (2016)

Dynapile features a new look and feel, coupled with an improved solver. Some of the new features are
highlighted below
 Revamped graphical user interface that features:

o Three-dimensional view of foundation layout (Figure 3-1)
o Mix and match units for inputting and viewing data (Figure 3-13)
o Predefined cross-sectional geometries for rapid model creation (Figure 3-19)
o Drag and drop to rearrange soil layers (Figure 3-22)
o Create foundation layouts from templates (Figure 3-24)
o Import wizard for importing external ground excitation from file (Figure 3-29)
o Re-organization of solution data in a tree-view for easier navigation and viewing (Figure
3-34)
o Convert display units of existing solution data on the fly
o Create and view solution report (Section 3.5.2)
o Export solution data to Comma Separated Values (.csv) format
o Export solution report to PDF
o Copy and paste formatted solution report from Dynapile to external word processors or
spreadsheet software while maintaining formatting
 Improved solver which includes:

o Compute additional pile group translational stiffness terms 𝐾𝑥𝑦 , 𝐾𝑦𝑦

o Compute additional pile group rotational stiffness terms 𝐾𝑟𝑧 𝑟𝑧
o Compute translational-rotational coupling terms 𝐾𝑥 𝑟𝑦 , 𝐾𝑦 𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑧 𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑧 𝑟𝑦
o Specify interaction level amount between piles
o Add two additional degrees of freedom to superstructure (𝑢𝑦 , 𝑢𝑧 )
o Compute response of foundation and superstructure in the frequency domain
o Compute time-history response of foundation under external ground excitation
1.4 Organization of Dynapile Manuals

The documentation provided with the computer program Dynapile consists of two volumes. The User’s
Manual contains full documentation about the operation of the program on personal computers. The
User’s Manual covers the areas of installation, preparation of input data, program execution, view of
computational results, and example applications. The distribution of the User’s Manual is made via
standard portable document file (PDF) format.
The Technical Manual provides information about the theoretical approach in which Dynapile is based.
The Technical Manual includes other helpful references related to concepts utilized in program Dynapile.
ENSOFT holds a copyright of the Technical Manual so it is distributed in protected form that can only be
opened by licensed users of the Dynapile program.
Both manuals are installed with the Dynapile program and accessible via any one of the following three
methods:
1. Windows start menu
2. Ensoft tile in Windows 8 or Windows 10
3. Help menu (Section 3.1.5) within the Dynapile program
1.5 Typographical Conventions

To orient the user to different software features, certain terms are set in typefaces that distinguish
them from the body text. The following formatting conventions are used throughout the Manual:
 Commands that are typed directly on the keyboard: “Enter” ; “F1” ; “Esc”
 Commands with keys simultaneously pressed in the keyboard: “Alt + F” ; “CTRL + O”
 Menu items and other text displayed on the screen are in sans serif:
From the File menu choose Open
 File names and names of directories and folder and icon names are in italics:
Open the example file example1.dy3d
 Internet and electronic mail addresses are underlined:
Send email to support@ensoftinc.com
1.6 Contents of the Dynapile Package

The standard package sent with Dynapile consists of the following items:

 One USB device (sometimes known as hardware key or dongle),

 One backup CD-ROM (this may be missing in future releases, since the full program is
available for free downloading from the www.ensoftinc.com website.
The user-selected installation directory (default directory is Program Files (x86)\Ensoft\Dynapile2016)
contains the main Windows-program module (winDynapile2016.exe), the program engine for direct
computations (DYNAPILE_DLL.dll), the Help file (DYNAPILE2016.chm), and other support files. The
User’s and Technical Manuals are also included in the installation directory. Several examples of input
files (all files with extension *.dy3d) are installed in a separate Ensoft/Dynapile2016-Examples
subdirectory in the root Windows drive (usually C:\).
1.7 Hardware Requirements

To use Dynapile, the user needs the following minimum hardware configuration:
 Any personal computer with an Intel® Pentium® or newer processor.
 A hard disk with at least 200 MB of free space.
 Microsoft Windows®, XP, VISTA or Windows 7/8/10. A newer release of the Microsoft
Windows® operating system may need a more recent update of the Dynapile software.
 Drivers for minimum OpenGL 2.0 (typically included in the Microsoft Windows system)
 Minimum of 128 MB of free RAM memory.
 A mouse or similar pointing device.
 Optional: Any windows-compatible printer.
1.8 Technical Support

Although computer program Dynapile was designed to be distinguished by its ease of use and by
its helpful User’s Manual, some users may still have questions. The technical staff at ENSOFT strongly
supports all registered users with questions related to the installation or use of Dynapile, according to the
stipulations presented below. The software is provided with free maintenance service for the first year.
After the first year the user is encouraged to purchase the yearly maintenance services. The yearly
maintenance services include free download of the latest version and free technical support as described
below.
Preferred Methods of Software Support

Software support is given, in order of preference, by the following methods:
 Electronic mail to: support@ensoftinc.com
 Fax to: (512) 244-6067
 Telephone call to: (512) 244-6464, extension 2
Users are strongly encouraged to utilize electronic means of support via email. In any event, users
should include the following information when requesting for software support: software version (obtain

from the Help/About menu), description of the problem copy, input-data file attachment, contact person
and licensed company or user name (or name and office location of the licensed company).
Although immediate answers (less than two hours during regular working hours) are offered on
most technical support requests, up to two business days should be expected in case of difficulties or
conflict of schedules. The users will be informed of ENSOFT’s reception of their electronic mails
requesting software support if the problem is complicated and cannot be resolved within two business
days.
Support by Telephone
Technical help by means of direct calls to our local telephone number (512-244-6464) is available,
but limited. The current policy of ENSOFT is that all telephone calls for software support will be
answered free of charge for the first 15 minutes of each call if the user has a current maintenance policy.
A charge of $90.00 US dollars per hour ($1.50 US dollars per minute) may come into effect for every
additional minute after the initial 15 minutes. Applicable charges will be billed to the user.
Software support by any of the methods (fax, email or telephone) is free for all users that have a
current annual maintenance policy.
Upgrade Verification and Internet Site

Starting from Dynapile v2016, the software provides options for the user to check the most recent
maintenance release through an internet connection by selecting Help/Check for Updates. This
command starts the default internet browser and will display the user’s maintenance expiration date, the
user’s software release number and the most recent release number that is available for downloading.
If the user’s version is not the latest version and the maintenance has not been expired, the user can
download the latest version from our web server directly (www.ensoftinc.com). Users may also consult
our internet site for additional information on software updates, demos, and new applications; technical
news; and company information.
Changes of Support Policy

The software support policy and associated expenses are subject to change at ENSOFT’s discretion
and without specific mailed notices to the users. However, any change of rules will be verbally provided
during telephone calls for software support.

CHAPTER 3 – Using Dynapile – 1-1
CHAPTER 2. Installation

2.1 Installation Procedures

Program Dynapile is distributed with an associated USB key (hardware key or dongle). The
hardware key consists of a device that is attached to an empty USB port (or USB hub) of the computer in
use (or in the designated software server in the case of local network licenses). This method of software
protection has been found to provide compatibility with existing operating systems, better stability than
other alternatives, and allows users to obtain software updates or replacements via downloads from the
internet.
Installation of Single-User Version

This version of Dynapile has been tested to be compatible with the following versions of the
Microsoft Windows® operating systems: 2000, XP, Vista, Windows 7, 8 and 10.
The following guidelines are recommended to be followed during the installation process of
Dynapile for single-user licenses.
1. Plug the supplied hardware lock (USB device) into one of the available USB ports in your computer.
The USB device is plug-and-play compatible so the operating system will recognize the USB device
automatically and a small solid green light should be noticeable at the end of the USB key (a
flickering green light or no light indicate problems with the standard windows driver or with the
USB key).
2. If the user installs from a distribution USB memory stick and the main installation program does not
start automatically upon insertion of the memory stick then click on the Windows Start Menu
button and select Run. On the command line, type d:\setup.exe or e:\setup.exe, where d: or e:
represents the drive that contains the distribution memory stick. Click OK to execute the command
and start the main installation program for ENSOFT’s software. A screen similar to the one in
Figure 2-1 should appear.
3. If the user installs from a downloaded file then please run the downloaded file (double click) and go
to instruction #5.
4. Click anywhere on the Dynapile 2016 icon and then click on the Install Standard button to start the
installation of Dynapile.
5. The user should read the license agreement shown in Figure 2.2-2. Please click Yes if you agree
and would like to proceed.
6. Select Single-User License in Figure 2.2-3 then click Next. For network installations please
contact Ensoft support (support@ensoftinc.com).
7. The user will be provided with an option to select a drive and directory for the installation of
Dynapile (see Figure 2.2-4); the default is c:\Program Files (x86)\Dynapile\Dynapile2016. If the
desired directory does not exist, the installation program will automatically create a new directory in
the chosen hard drive.
Most distribution files will be copied to the installation directory (either the default or the one
selected by the user). However, certain files are copied to system directories in Windows and some
Windows services are started during installation (mainly for Network installations). The name of the
system files, their exact locations, and the type of services that are started may change in time and
for different versions of the Microsoft Windows® operating system.

Example files are copied to the following subdirectory under the root Windows drive:
(Root Drive)\Ensoft\Dynapile2016-Examples
8. During the installation the user will be asked to set the file extension association for opening
Dynapile 2016 input data files (see Figure 2.2-5). If the user agrees (leaves the default check mark)
then double clicking (or running) any input data file with extensions of the type filename.dy3d will
start the installed Dynapile 2016 software.
9. The user will be prompted to confirm the shortcut directory name that will be created in the
Windows Start Menu (See Figure 2.2-6). The default is Start
Menu/Programs/Ensoft/Dynapile2016. Windows 8 will automatically create an Ensoft tile with the
same shortcuts.
Figure 2-1 Main CD-ROM installation screen for ENSOFT software (may change with
time)

After the installation is finished, it is not necessary to reboot Windows for the program to run. The
user may run the program by selecting Dynapile v2016 from the standard links installed in the Microsoft
Windows® Start Menu: Start Menu > All Programs > Ensoft > Dynapile2016
Figure 2.2-2 Installation screen with License Agreement (may change with time)
Figure 2.2-3 Selection of Single-User License (may change with time)

Figure 2.2-4 Default Installation Directory for Program Files (may change with time)
Figure 2.2-5 File Extension Association for Dynapile 2.0 Data Files (may change with
time)

Figure 2.2-6 Default Shortcut Folder in Windows Start Menu (may change with time)
Introduction of Network Version

Special network licenses and USB hardware keys (network keys) are available for users who desire
to operate Dynapile on a Windows network. The network version is limited to users with two or more
licenses at the same physical site. Discounted rates apply for users purchasing multiple licenses for the
same site.
Network versions of Dynapile have special subroutines written for installations in “software
servers” and for installations of “individual clients”. The “software server” or “license server” is the
computer that will be carrying the network USB key provided by ENSOFT, INC. The software server is
not necessarily the same as the existing network server. Any computer in the existing Windows network
may be designated software server for Dynapile as long as the network key is attached to an available
USB port (or through an USB hub) and the “server” version of the software is installed on its local drive.
Software “clients” may be all computers of the licensed site that have the program installed as client.
Software clients do not need any hardware key attached to their computers. The program installed in
software clients will be allowed to run if their IP are within the allowable (licensed) IP ranges and if the
computer designated as software server is accessible on the network with the proper operating system and
with its network key secured in place.
Users of the network version of Dynapile are allowed to have the software installed in as many
computers as desired within the licensed IP ranges of their local Windows network. However, only a
number of users equal to the total number of purchased licenses will be able to operate the program at the
same time.

2.1.2.1 Installation of Network Version

Installers of network licenses should refer to a separate booklet with installation instructions for the
Network version of this product. The document can be downloaded from the Ensoft web site:
http://www.ensoftinc.com/updates/Ensoft Network Installation Notes.pdf
Alternatively, the document can be requested via email to support@ensoftinc.com
2.1.2.2 Silent Installations on Client Computers

For installation of network licenses on local client computers there is an option for command-based
installations that are completely silent (performed without other user input). Instructions for silent
installations on client computers can be downloaded from the Ensoft web site using the following link:
http://www.ensoftinc.com/updates/Silent Install on Client Computers.pdf
Alternatively, the document can be requested via email to support@ensoftinc.com
Backup of Original Software

The distributed software may be copied for backup purposes. The program may be installed in
several computers at the same time. However, unless network licenses are purchased, the program will
only operate in computers that carry the appropriate hardware key.
Software Updates on the Internet

Occasionally, ENSOFT will produce software improvements and/or fixes and place the latest
software programs on ENSOFT’s internet site. Users can check for available updates by selecting
Help/Check for Updates from the Dynapile menu. Software users may freely download the latest
program update from the following site: http://www.ensoftinc.com

CHAPTER 3. Using Dynapile

The full layout of dynapile, loaded with a project, is shown below in Figure 3-1. The menu bar houses the
program’s functionality, while the menu bars provide convenience access to some of these functionalities.
Figure 3-1 Dynapile layout overview
Dynapile runs under either Licensed or demonstration (Demo) mode. If the hardware USB security key is
not found, Dynapile will run under Demo mode. Table 3-1 compares the availability of some of the core
functionalities of Dynapile under these two modes.
Table 3-1 Dynapile running mode and available functionalities
Licensed Demo
Open ✔ ✔
Edit ✔ ✔
View existing results ✔ ✔
View User’s Manual ✔ ✔
View Technical Manual ✔ ✘
Save / Save As ✔ ✘
Run analysis ✔ ✘
Throughout this chapter, the full functionality of Dynapile is discussed (i.e. Dynapile running under
Licensed mode).

The typical steps followed in analyzing a foundation system are as follows (see e.g. Example 1 in Section
4.1.1):
1. Open Dynapile
2. Enter required project data (Section 3.3)
3. Save project to a file on local drive
4. Run Analysis (Section 3.4)
5. View/save results (Section 3.5)
This chapter is organized as follows. In Section 3.1 and Section 3.2, the menu bars and the toolbars,
respectively, are highlighted. In Section 3.3, editing the project data is discussed in detail. Finally,
viewing and exporting of the solution data are discussed in the remaining sections

3.1 Menu Bars

Functionalities of Dynapile are organized in menus as listed in the below
Menu Functionality
File Filing of project, e.g. new file, save, import, etc.
Edit Editing of data and view
Analysis Starting analysis and viewing results
View Manipulating toolbars and view in Dynapile
Help Accessing information about Dynapile
In the following subsections, the available actions within each menu is highlighted.

File Menu
Figure 3-2 File menu
The File menu is shown in Figure 3-2, and corresponding functionality of each option is discussed in the
below:

Icon Action Description
New project Discard current project data (if any) and start a new project from scratch
Open Discard current project data (if any), locate a file from local drive, and
open it
Open Recent Discard current project data (if any) and open the selected file
Import Discard current project data, and import from local drive a Dynapile
Version 2.0 input file with extension .dyd
Save Save project under existing file. If no file has been specified, will prompt
for a file name. Otherwise, existing file will be overwritten. If the project
has not been altered, this button will be disabled. Dynapile 2016 input
files have extension .dy3d
Save As Save project under a different name. If the project has not been altered,
this button will be disabled.
Export View Export the current 3D view (Figure 3-1) as a PNG file
Exit Exit Dynapile

Edit Menu
Figure 3-3 Edit menu
The Edit menu is shown in Figure 3-3, and corresponding functionality of each option is discussed in the
below:

Information Open the project data window and show Project information
Materials Open the project data window and show Material library list (Section 3.3.2)
Section List Open the project data window and show Section library list (Section 3.3.3)
Soil Layers Open the project data window and show soil layer data (Section 3.3.4)
Pile Open the project data window and show pile layout (Section 3.3.5)
Configuration
Structure Open the project data window and show superstructure data (Section 3.3.6)
Ground Motion Open the project data window and show ground motion data (Section 3.3.7)
Analysis Open the project data window and show analysis options data (Section
Options 3.3.8)
Background Change 3D view background color by toggling open the color section
Color window (Figure 3-4)

Figure 3-4 Selecting new color

Analysis Menu
Figure 3-5 Analysis menu
The Analysis menu is shown in Figure 3-5, and the corresponding functionality of each option is
discussed in the below:
Run Analysis Start the computation using the specified sets of data. If an analysis had
been performed at a prior time, the data will be overwritten. For the
analysis button to become available, project must be saved (or resaved if
altered). Also, see Section 3.4
Plots Open plot window and show solution plots. This button is disabled unless
a plot file with extension .dy3p exist in the project directory. Also see
Section 3.5.1
Report Open summary window and show input and output data. This button is
disabled unless a plot file with extension .dy3p exist in the project
directory. Also see Section 3.5.2.

View Menu
Figure 3-6 View menu
The View menu is shown in Figure 3-6, and corresponding functionality of each option is discussed in the
below:
Main Toolbar Toggle the visibility of main toolbar (Figure 3-1)
Plot toolbar Toggle the visibility of plot toolbar (Figure 3-1)
View Toolbar Toggle the visibility of the view toolbar (Figure 3-1)
Status dock Toggle the visibility of the status dock (Figure 3-1)
Input file Show the input file

Help Menu
Figure 3-7 Help menu
The Help menu is shown in Figure 3-7, and corresponding functionality of each option is discussed in the
below:
Contents Open Dynapile’s user’s manual file in compiled html format
Documentation Open Dynapile’s User’s Manual (this document) or Technical Manual in

PDF format.
About Open About window of Dynapile to view information including license

information
Check for Updates Open default web-browser and check for Dynapile updates

3.2 Toolbars
Dynapile has a total of three toolbars presented (Figure 3-8): Main Toolbar, Plot Toolbar, and View
Toolbar. These toolbars serve as a convenient way to access commonly used functionality, most of which
are available from the Menu bar.
The visibility of the toolbars may be toggled at any time by either:
 Right-clicking the menu bar and selecting the name of the toolbar
 Or, Navigating to
View  Toolbars
and selecting the name of the toolbar
Additionally, the location of the toolbars may be changed by clicking and dragging them with the mouse
(Figure 3-8).
Figure 3-8 Toolbars can be moved around using the mouse
In the subsections below, the corresponding action associated to each icons in the toolbars are discussed.
Note that information about each icon may be obtained by hovering the mouse over the icon.

Main Toolbar
Figure 3-9 Main toolbar
The main toolbar (Figure 3-9) houses the most commonly used buttons for convenience action. All
buttons, except the Project Data button ( ), are contained in the menu bar of the program. In the below,
the function of each button is summarized
Icon Action
Start a new project by deleting all existing project data. The Project Data window ( ) will
then prompted open
Locate an existing project file with extension .dy3d from local drives and open it. Prior to
importing the project data, all existing project data are removed.
Save the current project under the existing name with extension .dy3d. If no filename has been
previously specified, a dialog will prompt for a filename.
Save current project under a different name with extension of .dy3d
Open project data window. Selecting this option will initially display the Project Information
dialog. Note: changing the project data will result in automatic deletion of all existing solution
data.
View solution plot window. If no solution file exists with extension .dy3p, this button will not
be enabled
View summary of solution data. If no solution file exists with the extension .dy3p, this button
will not be enabled
Start the analysis. Any existing solution data will be overwritten. This button will be disabled
until current project has been saved under a filename, or resaved if altered.

Plot Toolbar
The plot toolbar (Figure 3-10) contains buttons to manipulate the 3D view of pile group system (Figure
3-1). In the below, the functionality of each button is discussed.
Figure 3-10 Plot toolbar
Icon Action
Toggle the visibility of soil layers (if available) in the 3D view
Toggle the visibility of the piles (if available) in the 3D view
Toggle the visibility of the superstructure (if available) in the 3D view
Toggle the visibility of the axes labels and frame in the 3D view
Change background color of the 3D view

View Toolbar
Figure 3-11 View toolbar
The View Toolbar (Figure 3-11) contains tools to manipulate the 3D view. In the below, the functionality
of each button is discussed.

Icon Action
This is the preferred, and most versatile way of manipulating the 3D view. The functionality
of the left mouse button is toggled by holding modifier keys as discussed in the below:
 Rotation: Hold the left mouse button and drag on the screen to rotate the 3D view
about the y and z axes
 Rotation: Hold down the CTRL key on the keyboard, and drag on the screen to
rotate about the x and y axes
 Translation: Hold down the middle mouse key, and drag on the screen to translate
(move) the 3D view around the screen
 Zooming In: Using the mouse wheel, scroll up to zoom in
 Zooming Out: Using the mouse wheel, scroll down to zoom out
When selected, move the mouse up and down on the screen whiling holding the LEFT
mouse button to zoon in and out, respectively. This is equivalent to selecting and
scrolling up and down using the mouse wheel button.
When selected, move the mouse around while holding the LEFT mouse button to move the
3D view on the screen. This is equivalent to selecting and using the middle button
Reset view to original view

3.3 Project Data

Project data window holds the entire project data and is used to view and/or edit the data. Data
associated to the project is organized in a total of 8 subcategories as displayed on top of the
window (Figure 3-12) as icons, and can be navigated to by clicking the icons.
All changes made in these categories are immediately updated, and can navigate between the different
categories by clicking the icons at any time. When finished, the changes can updated by clicking the
“OK” button. Notice that clicking “OK” will result in deletion of all existing solution results that may
have been previously computed.
Alternatively, all changes made can be discarded by clicking the “CANCEL” button.
It is suggested that, for new projects, data in each category to be filled from starting from left to right, i.e.
starting with Project Information (discussed in Section 3.3.1), and progressing to Analysis Options
(discussed in Section 3.3.8).
Each subcategory and the corresponding data will be described in the following.
Figure 3-12 Project Information

Project Information
General project information including project title as well as the default display units are
specified in this tab. Available data to modify is as follows:
 Project Label: An optional string of text to describe the project

 Units: Prompt open unit window (Section 3.3.1.1) and change the default display of units in other
windows and widgets. The specified units serve merely as the default displayed units in all input.
In input fields and tables, the units can be changed on-the-fly by right-clicking containing input
widget (see, for instance, Figure 3-13 and Figure 3-14) with the mouse. Upon selection of a new
unit, existing value will be converted.
Figure 3-13 Changing units in a spinbox
Figure 3-14 Click headers to change units on a table column

3.3.1.1 Units
Individual units can be changed from the drop down menus (Figure 3-15). The unit symbols
(m, kN, slugs, etc) correspond to the globally used symbols for the units, and ^ denotes the
superscript operator (for instance, m^2 implies m2, in^4 implies in4, etc.). In Table 3-2, the full
name for each available unit of measurement in Dynapile is tabulated.
Figure 3-15 Display unit window

Table 3-2 Unit symbols used throughout Dynapile
Symbol Unit name

m Meter
cm Centimeter
in Inches
ft Feet
kg Kilograms
Mg Megagram
Pa Pascal
kPa Kilopascal
MPa Megapascal
GPa Gigapascal
psi Pound-force per square inch
psf Pound-force per square feet
N Newton
kN Kilonewton
lb Pound-force
kip Kip-force
rad Radians
Hz Hertz
For convenience, the two buttons on the lower window (Figure 3-15) can be used to change the units of
length, force, and mass in all drop-down menus to the ones tabulated in Table 3-3. The conversion units
between the available units are tabulated in Table 3-4 through Table 3-14.
Table 3-3 Preconfigured unit sets
S.I Units Button English Units Button

Length Meters (m) Inches (in)
Force Kilonewton (kN) Pound-force (lb)
Mass Kilogram (kg) Slugs
Table 3-4 Length unit conversion table (shown to four decimal places)
From\To m cm in ft
m 1. 100. 39.3701 3.2808
cm 0.0100 1. 0.3937 0.0328
in 0.0254 2.5400 1. 0.0833
ft 0.3048 30.4800 12.0000 1.

Table 3-5 Area unit conversion table
From\To m4 cm4 in4 ft4

m4 1.0000 1.0000E-08 2.403E+06 115.8618
cm4 1.000E+08 1.0000 0.0240 1.1586E-06
in4 4.1623E-07 41.6231 1.0000 4.8225E-05
ft4 8.6310E-03 8.631E+05 2.074E+04 1.0000
Table 3-6 Area moment of inertia conversion table
From\To m4 cm4 in4 ft4

m4 1.0000 1.0000E-08 2.403E+06 115.8618
cm4 1.000E+08 1.0000 0.0240 1.1586E-06
in4 4.1623E-07 41.6231 1.0000 4.8225E-05
ft4 8.6310E-03 8.631E+05 2.074E+04 1.0000
Table 3-7 Density unit conversion table
From\To kg/m3 kg/cm3 Mg/m3 Mg/cm3 slugs/ft3 slugs/in3

kg/m3 1.000E+00 1.000E-06 1.000E-03 1.000E-09 1.940E-03 1.123E-06
kg/cm3 1.000E+06 1.000E+00 1.000E+03 1.000E-03 1.940E+03 1.123E+00
Mg/m3 1.000E+03 1.000E-03 1.000E+00 1.000E-06 1.940E+00 1.123E-03
Mg/cm3 1.000E+09 5.154E-04 1.000E+06 1.000E+00 1.940E+06 1.123E+03
slugs/ft3 5.154E+02 5.154E-04 5.154E-01 5.154E-07 1.000E+00 5.787E-04
slugs/in3 8.906E+05 8.906E-01 8.906E+02 8.906E-04 1.728E+03 1.000E+00
Table 3-8 Pressure unit conversion table
From\To Pa kPa MPa GPa psi psf

Pa 1 1.000E-03 1.000E-06 1.000E-09 1.450E-04 2.089E-02
kPa 1.000E+03 1 1.000E-03 1.000E-06 1.454E-01 2.089E+01
MPa 1.000E+06 1.000E+03 1 1.000E-03 1.450E+02 2.089E+04
GPa 1.000E+09 1.000E+06 1.000E+03 1 1.450E+05 2.089E+07
psi 6.895E+03 6.879E+00 6.895E-03 6.895E-06 1 1.440E+02
psf 4.788E+01 4.788E-02 4.788E-05 4.788E-08 6.944E-03 1

Table 3-9 Velocity unit conversion table
From\To m/s cm/s in/s ft/s

m/s 1.0000 0.0100 39.3701 3.2808
cm/s 100.0000 1.0000 0.3937 0.0328
in/s 0.0254 2.5400 1.0000 0.0833
ft/s 0.3048 30.4800 12.0000 1.0000
Table 3-10 Acceleration conversion table
From\To m/s2 cm/s2 in/s2 ft/s2

m/s2 1.0000 0.0100 39.3701 3.2808
cm/s2 100.0000 1.0000 0.3937 0.0328
in/s2 0.0254 2.5400 1.0000 0.0833
ft/s2 0.3048 30.4800 12.0000 1.0000
Table 3-11 Force unit conversion table
From\To N kN lb kip
N 1.0000 1000.0000 0.2248 0.0002
kN 0.0010 1.0000 224.8089 0.2248
lb 4.4482 0.0044 1.0000 0.0010
kip 4448.2205 4.4482 1000.0000 1.0000
Table 3-12 Translational stiffness conversion table
From\To N/m kN/m N/cm kN/cm lb/in lb/ft kip/in kip/ft

N/m 1.000E+00 1.000E-03 1.000E-02 1.000E-05 5.710E-03 6.852E-02 5.710E-06 6.852E-05
kN/m 1.000E+03 1.000E+00 1.000E+01 1.000E-02 5.710E+00 6.852E+01 5.710E-03 6.852E-02
N/cm 1.000E+02 1.000E-01 1.000E+00 1.000E-03 5.710E-01 6.852E+00 5.710E-04 6.852E-03
kN/cm 1.000E+05 1.000E+02 1.000E+03 1.000E+00 5.710E+02 6.852E+03 5.710E-01 6.852E+00
lb/in 1.751E+02 1.751E-01 1.751E+00 1.751E-03 1.000E+00 1.200E+01 1.000E-03 1.200E-02
lb/ft 1.459E+01 1.459E-02 1.459E-01 1.459E-04 8.333E-02 1.000E+00 8.333E-05 1.000E-03
kip/in 1.751E+05 1.751E+02 1.751E+03 1.751E+00 1.000E+03 1.200E+04 1.000E+00 1.200E+01
kip/ft 1.459E+04 1.459E+01 1.459E+02 1.459E-01 8.333E+01 1.000E+03 8.333E-02 1.000E+00

Table 3-13 Rotational stiffness conversion table
From\To N/rad kN/rad lb/rad kip/rad

N/rad 1.0000 1000.0000 0.2248 0.0002
kN/rad 0.0010 1.0000 224.8089 0.2248
lb/rad 4.4482 0.0044 1.0000 0.0010
kip/rad 4448.2205 4.4482 1000.0000 1.0000
Table 3-14 Moment stiffness conversion table
From\To N-m/rad kN-m/rad N-cm/rad kN-cm/rad Lb-in/rad Lb-ft/rad Kip-in/rad Kip-ft/rad

N-m/rad 1.000E+00 1.000E-03 1.000E+02 1.000E-01 8.851E+00 7.376E-01 8.851E-03 7.376E-04
kN-m/rad 1.000E+03 1.000E+00 1.000E+05 1.000E+02 8.851E+03 7.376E+02 8.851E+00 7.376E-01
N-cm/rad 1.000E-02 1.000E-05 1.000E+00 1.000E-03 8.851E-02 7.376E-03 8.851E-05 7.376E-06
kN-cm/rad 1.000E+01 1.000E-02 1.000E+03 1.000E+00 8.851E+01 7.376E+00 8.851E-02 7.376E-03
Lb-in/rad 1.130E-01 1.130E-04 1.130E+01 1.130E-02 1.000E+00 8.333E-02 1.000E-03 8.333E-05
Lb-ft/rad 1.356E+00 1.356E-03 1.356E+02 1.356E-01 1.200E+01 1.000E+00 1.200E-02 1.000E-03
Kip-in/rad 1.130E+02 1.130E-01 1.130E+04 1.130E+01 1.000E+03 8.333E+01 1.000E+00 8.333E-02
Kip-ft/rad 1.356E+03 1.356E+00 1.356E+05 1.356E+02 1.200E+04 1.000E+03 1.200E+01 1.000E+00

Material List Library

The material library (Figure 3-16) window contains the full list of available material library for
the project. All materials in Dynapile (individual soil layers, as well as pile properties) are
linear elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic. The list defined here serves as a library, and the
order in which the materials are defined is not important. Following their definitions, these materials can
be then assigned to piles (Section 3.3.5) as well as soil layers (Section 3.3.4).
Figure 3-16 Material list library
In general, the analysis of pile foundations in a soil stratum with 𝑛 soil-layers generally requires the
definition of (𝑛 + 1) materials: 𝑛 materials for soil-layers, and 1 to serve as material property of the pile.
As an example, consider the analysis of pile foundations in homogeneous soil (𝑛 = 1). Then a total of 2
material properties need to be defined: 1 for soil stratum, and 1 for the pile properties.

The available library can be manipulated through the buttons presented on the bottom of the window:
Icon Action
insert a new material by prompting material dialog (Section 3.3.2.1)
remove the current selected material row. If no element in the table is selected, this button
will be disabled
edit the current selected material by prompting open the material edit button (Section
3.3.2.1). Alternatively, double-clicking anywhere on an existing table value will serve as the
same function
3.3.2.1 Inserting/editing new material
When editing or inserting a new material, the Material Properties dialog is presented on the screen (Figure
3-17).
Figure 3-17 New material definition
The parameters that can be inputted are described in the table below

Item Description Limit
Label A unique descriptive label to refer to the material. This label No spaces
will be used in other windows to refer to the material
properties specified
Density Volumetric mass-density of the material 0<𝜌<∞
Poisson’s Ratio Poisson’s ratio of the material 0.0 < 𝜈 < 0.5
Damping Material damping ratio for the material 0.0 < 𝛽 < 1.0
Elastic Modulus Elastic modulus of the material 𝐸>0
Shear Modulus Shear modulus of the material 𝐺>0
Shear wave Shear wave velocity of the material 0 < 𝑣𝑠 < ∞

velocity
The last three terms (namely the elastic modulus, 𝐸, shear modulus, 𝐺, and the shear wave velocity, 𝑣𝑠 )
are related through the density, 𝜌, and Poisson’s ratio, 𝜈, of the material:
𝑬 𝑮 𝒗𝒔
𝑬= 𝐸 2𝐺(1 + 𝜈) 2(1 + 𝜈)𝜌𝑣𝑠2
𝑮= 𝐸 𝐺 𝜌𝑣𝑠2
2(1 + 𝜈)
𝒗𝒔 = 𝐸 𝐺 𝑣𝑠
√ √
2(1 + 𝜈)𝜌 𝜌
Thus, only one of the three parameters needs to be specified, and other two are computed automatically.

Section List Library

The Sections List (Figure 3-18) contains the full set of cross-sections which may be assigned to
piles. Any number of sections can be defined, and a minimum of one cross-section is required
to be defined for each project. All sections are assumed to be doubly symmetric.
There are four required properties to be assigned for a given section:
1. Section label: Specify a unique label to refer to the section. This label will be used in other
windows to refer to the section properties specified
2. Area, 𝐴: cross-sectional area of the section
3. Area Moment of Inertia. 𝐼: The area moment of inertia of the section about its neutral axes.
Since all sections are assumed to be symmetric about both major axes, only a single value is
required
4. Equivalent diameter, 𝑑: The equivalent diameter of the section (refer to Table 3-15 for
examples)
Figure 3-18 Section list library

The available library can be manipulated through the buttons presented on the bottom of the window
(Figure 3-18):
Icon Action
insert a new section by prompting open the Add Section dialog (Section 3.3.3.1)
remove the current selected section row. If no element in the table is selected, this button will be
disabled
edit the current selected section. Double clicking an existing value in a table will serve the same
function

3.3.3.1 Adding a New Cross-section
Section type can be selected from a total of 5 different sections, described in the below. Upon selecting
from the available section list, a new window will be opened to input section properties (Figure 3-19).
Figure 3-19 Defining new sections
The available section types are tabulated in Table 3-15.

Table 3-15 Available section Types
Area Moment Equivalent

Icon Type Description Area (𝑨) of Inertia (𝑰) Diameter (𝒅)
Circular Solid circular section with radius 𝑟 𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋 4 2𝑟

𝑟
4
Circular Hollow circular tube with inner and 𝜋(𝑟𝑜2 − 𝑟𝑖2 ) 𝜋 4 2𝑟𝑜
(𝑟 − 𝑟𝑖4 )
Tube outer radii 𝑟𝑖 and 𝑟𝑜 , respectively 4 𝑜
(0 < 𝑟𝑖 < 𝑟𝑜 )
Square Solid square section with width 𝑤 𝑤2 1 4 𝑤

𝑤
12
Square Hollow square tube with outer and 𝑤𝑜2 − 𝑤𝑖2 1 𝑤𝑜

(𝑤 4 − 𝑤𝑖4 )
Tube inner widths 𝑤𝑜 and 𝑤𝑖 , respectively 12 𝑜
(0 < 𝑤𝑖 < 𝑤𝑜 )
General Arbitrary section requiring the User- User-specified User-

specification of area, area moment specified specified
of inertia, and equivalent diameter
of section

Soil Layers
Available soil layers in the soil layer stratum are specified from a top-to-bottom fashion in the
Soil Layer window (Figure 3-20). There are four required attributes to each soil layer:
1. Label: An appropriate descriptive label to refer to the soil layer

2. Material: Material label previously defined in the Material Library dialog. Double-clicking the
window item will open full list of previously declared materials. If no materials have been
defiled, the drop down menu will be empty
3. Thickness: the thickness of the specified layer
4. Number of sublayers: specify the desired number of discretizations to be performed for the
given sublayer. Please note that the current version of Dynapile can handle a maximum number
of 46 total sublayers.
Figure 3-20 Soil layer definition

Figure 3-21 Conforming and non-conforming sublayer discretization
Dynapile internally forces the conformity of piles (see Section 3.3.5) with the soil layer discretization (see
Figure 3-21). If the inputted pile lengths are not consistent with the underlying soil layer discretization,
then an additional sublayer is introduced internally such that conformity is enforced.
The available soil layers can be manipulated through the buttons presented on the bottom of the window:
Icon Action
insert a blank row in the soil layer table
duplicate the current selected soil layer by creating a new soil layer at the end of the list with
the same properties as the selected soil layer (disabled if no row is selected)
remove the row corresponding to the selected soil layer (disabled if no row is selected)
The soil layers can be easily moved around and rearranged. In order to rearrange the order of the soil
layers (see Figure 3-22):
1. Select and hold the left-most index number with the left-mouse button
2. Drag to desired location
3. Release the left-mouse button

Figure 3-22 Rearranging the order of soil layers

Pile Layout
The pile layer window (Figure 3-23) contains information on the available list of piles. The
piles can be specified in an arbitrary manner. The list of piles are presented in a table, while
view from the bottom of the pile group is displayed above the table.
Figure 3-23 Pile configuration window

There are a total of 6 required attributes to be specified for a given pile
1. Label: an appropriate label to refer to the given pile

2. Material: Material label previously defined in the Material Library (see Section 3.3.2).
Double-click the window to be prompted for the available list of materials. If the material library
is empty, the drop-down menu will be empty.
3. Geometry: Cross-section label previously defined in the Sections Library (see Section 3.3.3).
Double click the window to be prompted for the available list of cross-sections. If the cross-
section library is empty, the drop-down menu will be empty.
4. Length: The length of the pile
5. X: global 𝑥-coordinate of the pile
6. Y: global 𝑦 -coordinate of the pile
The pile layout can be manipulated through the buttons presented on the bottom of the window:
Icon Action
Insert a new blank row at the end of the table.
Create a pile layout from scratch. This will overwrite any existing pile configuration in the
table.
Create a new row at the end of the table, and copy the properties of the selected pile to the row
(disabled if no index in the table is selected)
Remove the selected row (disabled if no index in the table is selected).
Please note that the current version of Dynapile can only handle single pile geometry and material. A
change in the material or section property for one pile therefore will automatically propagate to all other
piles.

3.3.5.1 Pile Layout Template
Rather than inserting one pile at a time in the layout table, the Pile Layout Template allows for rapid
creation of a pile group layout (Figure 3-24). The template can be used to create two different layouts:
1. Rectangular grid: A pile group arranged in the form of a rectangular grid. The center-to-center
spacing of the piles as well as the number of piles in each direction is required to be specified in
the appropriate spaces. Toggling the “Add piles only along the perimeter” will toggle inclusion of
piles in the center of the pile group.
2. Circular Grid: A pile group arranged in the form of a circle can be specified. In the window,
“quantity” refers to the total number of piles, and “foundation radius” refers to the distance from
the foundation center to center of a pile.
An overview of the pile layout is automatically updated on the left side of the window when the
parameters are changed.
Figure 3-24 Pile layout from template

Note: if no materials have been specified in the material library, the material drop down menu will
be empty.
Note: if no cross-sections have been declared previously in the Sections library, the section drop
down menu will be empty. The preview of the pile layout in this case will be shown as a set of red
crosses.

Superstructure
Superstructure tab (Figure 3.3.6) provides means to enter data regarding a structure placed at
the centroid of the pile-cap. When enabled, Dynapile can compute the response of a
superstructure (modeled as a mass with three translational degrees of freedom, see Figure 3-26)
in the frequency domain. Filling the Superstructure tab is optional.
Figure 3-25 Superstructure dialog

Figure 3-26 Computational representation of the superstructure
A description of the input types is in the table below:
Item Description Limit
Weight Total weight of superstructure ≥0
Height Height of superstructure ≥0
𝜷𝒙 , 𝜷𝒚 , 𝜷𝒛 Damping ratio of the structure in the 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧 directions, respectively 0 ≤ 𝛽𝑖 ≤ 1.0
𝑭𝒙 , 𝑭𝒚 , 𝑭𝒛 Magnitude of external forces in the 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧 directions, respectively –
𝑴𝒙 , 𝑴𝒚 , 𝑴𝒛 Magnitude of external moments in the 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧 directions, –

respectively
𝑿, 𝒀, and 𝒁 Location of the forces to be applied in the x , 𝑦, and 𝑧 directions, –

Locations respectively. If a non-zero location of force is specified, an additional
moment acting the structure is computed automatically by Dynapile

Ground Motion
The Ground motion tab (Figure 3-27) provides means to enter data ground motion data. When
enabled, Dynapile will compute the response time-history response of the pile group in the time
domain. Filling the Ground Motion tab is optional.
Figure 3-27 Ground motion tab
In addition to the ground motion data, the use is required to specify:
 Time increment: Time-increment between the data points specified. Only a fixed time-increment
can be specified. This time-increment is used for ground motion in all directions
 Units: Units associated with the entered data. Ground motion data will be converted and
presented in this specified unit when editing or inserting new data (see below).

 Ground motion location: The epicenter of the ground motion, either at the soil surface, or
bedrock
The ground acceleration records may be manipulated by the three buttons on the bottom of the tab for
each direction independently:
Internally, Dynapile will only use the first 4096 points of the time record, and discard the rest.
Icon Action
To edit/insert data points. Upon clicking this button, a window will be prompted open (Figure
3-29) and display the existing data points in the window. The units of the data points will be
specified in the toolbar. Data points may be copy-and-pasted into this point in any format.
Upon clicking “OK”, the data will be processed. Note that during processing, spaces, commas,
and new lines will all be ignored and data will be stored in a single array. Figure 3-28 shows
inputting the same set of data in three different ways which will be stored in the same format.
In addition, any letters specified will be treated as having a numerical value of zero.
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1,2,3,4
4 5 6 7 12 13 14 15 5;6;7;8
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 9,10, 11 12
15 13 14 15
Figure 3-28 Different ways of specifying the same set of data
Import data from an existing file on the system. A window will open prompting for name and
location of ground acceleration data. Upon selecting the file, the import wizard will be
displayed to help in importing the data specified in the file into the project (see Section 3.3.7.1
below).
Delete any existing ground motion record in the current direction

3.3.7.1 Import Ground Motion Dialog
Figure 3-29 Import ground acceleration from file
The import dialog (Figure 3-29) will be prompted open upon selecting an input file in the Ground Motion
dialog. In the left pane of the window, the contents of the input file are displayed as they appear in the
file. The starting row as well as the manner in which to read the input file can be specified in this window
as follows:
 Start row: Specify the row at which to start reading values. As a guide, the line numbers of the
input file are shown in on the side bar in gray color.
 End at row: Stop reading values at the specified line (by default, the input file is read to end of
file). If the total rows is more than 4096 points, input data points will be truncated to 4096.
 Collapse all columns: If selected, data is read left to right (Figure 3-30). If unchecked, only the
specified column in the input file is read.

Figure 3-30 Order of read values when collapsing columns
A live update of the raw (unfactored) values to be stored are automatically updated on the right pane of
the window. The final stored values can be specified through the appropriate widgets on the right pane as
follows:
 Stored Units: The acceleration unit to be associated with the imported numbers
 Scale factor: Factor by which the numbers are to be multiplied upon saving the data. Consider,
for instance, an input file which contains acceleration data points in non-dimensional gravity units
𝑚
“g”. Then, the stored data points may be associated, for instance, with Stored Units of 2 (“m/s^2”
𝑠
in the drop-down menu), and “Scale Factor” of 9.81.
 Override existing time-increment: Override the existing time increment for ground motion with
the specified value.

Analysis Options
The dynamic analysis of the pile foundation system is performed in the frequency-domain. The
analysis options window (Figure 3-31) allows the user to specify the range of frequencies to
consider, as well as specify the interaction factor between piles.
Figure 3-31 Analysis options
The values which may be changed for analysis are as follows:
 Starting frequency: starting frequency to begin the analysis

 Number of frequencies: number of frequencies to be considered

 Frequency increment: increment between the frequencies considered.

 Pile interaction factor: factor of pile effective radius beyond which to consider interaction
(discussed below)
Let (𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑗 ) denote the center of pile 𝑖 with equivalent depth 𝑑𝑖 on the soil surface. Then define (Figure
3-32)
2 2
𝑑𝑖𝑗 = √(𝑥𝑖 − 𝑥𝑗 ) + (𝑦𝑖 − 𝑦𝑗 ) > 0, 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
𝑑𝑖
𝑟𝑥𝑖 = (radius interaction factor) ×
2
Dynapile will compute 𝑑𝑖𝑗 and 𝑟𝑥𝑖 for each pile set. If 𝑟𝑥 𝑖 < 𝑑𝑖𝑗 between pile 𝑖 and pile 𝑗, then Dynapile
will include pile-pile interaction terms while computing the stiffness of the pile foundation. Figure 3-33
shows the pile configurations under different interaction factors.
Figure 3-32 Radius interaction factor

Figure 3-33 Pile configuration and radius interaction factors

3.4 Running Analysis

Once all required data has been entered into data pile (see Section 3.3), the project must be
saved prior to starting the computations. Once saved, press the button either from the Main
toolbar (Section 3.2.1), or from the Analysis menu bar (Section 3.1.3).
Once pressed, Dynapile will perform the following actions in order listed:
1. Validate project data. If invalid data was detected, the status dock (Figure 3-1) will be shown, and
error messages will be displayed and analyis terminated.
2. If project data was found to be valid, Dynapile will execute the solver. During the analysis, the
three sets of files are generated in the directory containing the saved input file with the following
extension
Extenison Containing data
.dy3u Pile cap and foundation displacement data in raw form. Length units are in
meters. Note these values are not labeled, and processed by Dynapile directly.
.dy3p Solution data in raw format. Length, force, pressure, and mass units associated
to these values are meters, kilonewtons, and kilograms, respectively. Note that
these values are not labeled, and processed by Dynapile directly
.dy3h Pile cap time-history displacement in raw format. The length unit associated to
these values are in meters. Note that these values are not labeled, and processed
by Dynapile directly.
.dy3r Solver error output
3. Once analysis is completed, Dynapile will prompt open the Plot window (Section 3.5.1) to show
the solution results
Please note that while Dynapile is performing computation, the Dynapile window may become
unresponsive.

Troubleshooting
When starting an analysis, Dynapile looks for inconsistencies or errors in inputted data as well as program
execution. If errors are found, the status dock is prompted open, and the errors are listed in color red.
Some of the common errors along with explanations are listed in Table 3-16. In the tables below,
[SAVED_FILENAME] refers to the name of the project used when saving the file, excluding the
extension. For instance, if the project was saved as “project_1.dy3d”, [SAVED_FILENAME] would be
“project_1”.
Table 3-16 Run-time error messages
Error Possible explanation Suggested fix

USB security device was not found See CHAPTER 2
Program running in demo License on security device is See CHAPTER 2

mode expired
DPILE2016_DLL.dll file on the Locate DPILE2016_DLL.dll file

local drive could not be located from local drive and make sure
DPILE2016_DLL could not
that it is placed in the same
be loaded
directory as dynapile.exe
DFORRT.DLL file on the local Locate DFORRT.DLLfile from
drive could not be located local drive and make sure it is
placed in the same directory as
dynapile.exe
The indicated pile has not been Make sure a material has been
assigned a material assigned to the indicated pile (see
Section 3.3.5)
Pile [#] has density of 0
The material assigned to the Make sure the density of the
kg/m^3
indicated pile an abnormally small material assigned to the pile has a
density positive density (see Section
3.3.2)
The indicated pile has not been Make sure a valid material has
assigned an invalid material been assigned to the indicated
pile (see Section 3.3.5)
Pile [#] has damping [#] >
The material assigned to the Make sure the damping ratio of
1.0
indicated pile has an higher the material assigned to the pile is
damping ratio than 1.0 less than or equal to 1.0

The indicated soil layer has not Make sure a material has been
been assigned a material assigned to the indicated pile (see
Soil layer [#] has density
Section 3.3.4)
of 0 kg/m^3
The material assigned to the Make sure the density of the
indicated soil layer an abnormally material assigned to the pile has a
small density positive density (see Section
3.3.2)
The indicated soil layer has not Make sure a valid material has
been assigned an invalid material been assigned to the indicated soil
layer (see Section 3.3.4)
Pile [#] has damping [#] >
The material assigned to the Make sure the damping ratio of
1.0
indicated soil layer has an higher the material assigned to the soil
damping ratio than 1.0 layer is less than or equal to 1.0
Total number of specified The total number of sublayers, i.e. Choose sublayer divisions such
soil layers (#) exceeds summation of the number of that the total number of sublayers
Dynapile’s capacity (47) sublayers for each soil layer will be less than or equal to 47
exceeds Dynapile’s capacity
Occasionally, there may be a set of unforeseen specified data sets that can cause numerical errors. In
Table 3-17 below, potential known complications are listed.

Table 3-17 Post/During analysis errors
Problem Possible explanation Suggested fix

Recheck the specified project data
for errors. Also, consider
 manually locating and

opening
A numerical error was
No results are displayed [SAVED_FILENAME].dy3r
encountered under the specified
after analysis completes to view any relevant solver
set of input data
error output
 manually locating
[SAVED_FILENAME].dy3p
to see verify that the results
are displayed as “NaN”
(not-a-number)
Wait for analysis to finish. One way
to verify if the analysis is still
Dynapile has become
ongoing, is to locate
unresponsive and seems to
[SAVED_FILENAME].dy3p and
have frozen
checking whether it is being
The created model is large and the occasionally modified
computation is ongoing.
Specified input data had errors
resulting in unforeseen numerical
errors. Close Dynapile, restart the
application, and verify that input
parameters are consistent
Please also consider technical support (Section 1.8) for additional troubleshooting.

3.5 Viewing Analysis Results
Plot Data
Upon completion of a computation, the solution data are generated in the same directory as the input file
with the extension “.dy3p”. These plot data are read by the interface and can be visualized directly using
the Plot Window organized in tree-view.
The plot window (Figure 3-34) is automatically prompted open following the completion of an analysis,
and can be manually opened from the Main Toolbar, or accessed through the menu bar:
Analysis  Plots.
Figure 3-34 Plot window

When prompted open, the window only shows the real part of the translational stiffness terms of the
foundation system. In order to view other plot items, click the ☐ box besides the category name. Once
checked, other available categories will be automatically collapsed and unchecked. Similarly, the
visibility of the plot categories children (individual plots) can be toggled by toggling the checkboxes next
to their names.
The notation used throughout the program to refer to the stiffness terms is as follows (Figure 3-35):
 Translational stiffness (also referred to as swaying stiffness) terms are denoted as 𝐾☐■ where ☐
and ■ are either 𝑥, 𝑦 or 𝑧. For instance, translational stiffness in the 𝑥 direction is denoted as 𝐾𝑥𝑥 ,
translational stiffness in the 𝑥, 𝑧 direction denoted as 𝐾𝑥𝑧 , etc
 Rotational stiffness (also referred to as rocking stiffness) terms are denoted as 𝐾𝑟☐𝑟☐ where ☐ is
either 𝑥, 𝑦 or 𝑧. Note that only the diagonal terms are available
 Translational-rotational coupling terms (also referred to as cross-sway-rocking stiffness) are
denoted as 𝐾☐𝑟■ where ☐ and ■ are either 𝑥, 𝑦 or 𝑧.
Figure 3-35 Stiffness nomenclature
The organization of the plot data in the tree view is as follows (Figure 3-34):
 Stiffness: stiffness values as a function of frequency

o Pile Group
 Translational Stiffness: real and imaginary components of the diagonal stiffness
terms of the stiffness matrix of pile group, namely 𝐾𝑥𝑥 , 𝐾𝑦𝑦 , 𝐾𝑧𝑧 .
 Translational (Off-diagonal) Stiffness: real and imaginary parts of the diagonal
stiffness terms of the stiffness matrix of pile group, namely 𝐾𝑥𝑦
 Rotational Stiffness: Real and imaginary parts of the diagonal rotational
stiffness matrix 𝐾𝑟𝑥𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑟𝑦𝑟𝑦 , 𝐾𝑟𝑧𝑟𝑧
 Trans-rotational coupling stiffness: Real and imaginary parts of the coupling
terms between the translational and rotational stiffness terms
𝐾𝑥𝑟𝑦 , 𝐾𝑦𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑧𝑟𝑥 , 𝐾𝑧𝑟𝑦
o Single Pile

 Translational stiffness: real and imaginary components of the diagonal stiffness

terms of the stiffness matrix of pile group. Since the piles are assumed to be
doubly symmetric about the 𝑥, 𝑦 plane, only 𝐾𝑥𝑥 , 𝐾𝑧𝑧 are displayed.
 Transfer Functions
o Pile Group:
 Pile Head/Pile Tip X: Ratio of the pile head displacement at the pile cap to pile
tip displacement in the 𝑥 direction (𝑈𝑃 /𝑈𝐺 in Figure 3-36b)
 Pile Head/Pile Tip Y: Ratio of the pile head displacement at the pile cap to pile
tip displacement in the 𝑦 direction (𝑈𝑃 /𝑈𝐺 in Figure 3-36b)
 Pile Head/Free-field X: Ratio of the pile head displacement at the pile cap to
free-field displacement in the 𝑥 direction
 Pile Head/Free-field Y: Ratio of the pile head displacement at the pile cap to
free-field displacement in the 𝑦 direction
o Single Pile:
 Pile Head/Free-field: Ratio of the pile head displacement at the pile head to
free-field displacement
 Pile Head/Pile Tip: Ratio of the pile head displacement at the pile head to pile
tip displacement in the (𝑈𝑃 /𝑈𝐺 in Figure 3-36a)
 Free-field/Pile Head: Ratio of the free-field to pile head displacement
 Response
o Foundation: Response of foundation at pile group head in the 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧 directions
o Superstructure: Response of superstructure at the 𝑥, 𝑦, and 𝑧 directions
o Time-history: Response of the foundation in the time domain under inputted ground
motion
Figure 3-36 Transfer function definition (a) single pile (b) pile group

At the bottom of the window, four button exist for exporting results, as well as manipulating the units as
described in the bellow:
Icon Action
Change the display units of the plots. This change in units will be temporary for the current
instance of the window
Export the entirety of the data in Comma Separated Values format (.csv). The exported values
can then be imported into spreadsheet software such as OpenOffice, LibreOffice, Microsoft
Office, etc.
Send current plot to a printer
Save current plot as an image file to disk

Solution Data
Following the completion of the analysis, the solution results may be viewed in form of a report
through the Report button, available on the Main Toolbar, and accessible also through the menu
bar:
Analysis  Report
The information available in the report window are categories as Input Data, and Output Data. A brief
summary of the available items in each category is presented in the below:
1. Input Data
 Soil layer properties
 Superstructure properties
 Pile coordinate layout (table)
 Pile properties
 Ground acceleration (figure)
2. Output Data
 Pile group stiffness terms (real and imaginary)
 Pile group transfer functions
 Single pile stiffness terms
 Single pile transfer functions
 Foundation response
 Superstructure response
 Time-domain response
The nomenclature used for the data is consistent with the ones used in the Plot Window (Section 3.5.1). In
the input file, 𝐸, 𝐺, 𝐶𝑠 , and 𝜈 correspond to the elastic modulus, shear modulus, shear wave velocity, and
Poisson’s ratio of a material. Additionally, 𝐿/𝐷 corresponds to the ratio of the pile length to its diameter.
The displayed data can be copy and pasted into word processors such as LibreOffice, OpenOffice, or
Microsoft Office, as well as spreadsheet applications such as Microsoft Excel while preserving the
formatting as follows:
1. Select the portion of results to copy (alternatively, press CTRL + A to select the entire window)
2. Press CTRL + C to copy the data (alternatively, right click on the window and select copy).
3. Open a word processor
4. Press CTRL + V to paste the data
The displayed data can be manipulated using the buttons on the bottom of the window as follows:

Icon Action
Change the display units. This change in units will be temporary for the current instance of the
window
Prompt open the data options window (Figure 3-37) and choose which data to show on the
screen
Export the plot in view as a Portable Document File (PDF)
Send the report to a printer
Figure 3-37 Available solution data for displaying

CHAPTER 4 –Examples – 3-1
CHAPTER 4. Examples

Two examples involving the dynamic analysis of pile foundations are considered in this chapter. Each
example is organized as follows. A brief description of the problem is presented. A step by step approach
for creating the model in Dynapile is then highlighted. Finally, the generated results are presented and
compared with other published results in the literature.
4.1 Example 1
Consider 4 piles arranged in a square layout with a center-to-center spacing of 1.5 meters (Figure 4-1).
The piles are 20 meters in length, and have hollow circular cross-section with outer and inner radii of
0.300 and 0.291 m, respectively.
Figure 4-1 Pile configuration in Example 1
The material properties of soil and pile are tabulated in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Material properties of soil and pile in Example 1
Elastic Modulus Shear Wave Mass Density Poisson's Damping

(kPa) velocity (m/s) (kg/m3) Ratio (%)
Soil 28608 80.00 1500.00 0.49 1.0
Piles 2.1e8 3207.66 7850.00 0.30 0.0
The pile group support a structure with a mass of 35,000 kg and a basement mass of 5,000 kg, with a
horizontal stiffness of 5,640 kN/m.

Creating the Model in Dynapile

1. Start Dynapile
2. Start entering project data by clicking the Project Data icon ( ) from the main toolbar
a. Project Information
i. Change Project Label to “Example 1” and leave units as default
b. Navigate to the Materials tab ( )
i. Click the icon to add a new material for soil layers
1. In the Material Properties, enter the following:
a. Label: soilMaterial
b. Density: 1500 kg/m3 (Note: you may also right-click on the
units, change input units to Mg/m3, and enter 1.50 as the value)
c. Poisson’s Ratio: 0.49
d. Damping: 0.10
e. Shear Wave Velocity: 80 m/s
ii. Click the icon to add a new material for piles
a. Label: steel
b. Density: 7850 kg/m^3
d. Damping: 0.00
e. Elastic Modulus: 2.1e8 (kPa)
c. Navigate to the Section tab ( )
i. Click icon to add a new cross-section for piles
1. Select circular tube ( ) in the Add Section window
a. Enter the following in the Circular Tube Section window:
i. Label: pileSection
ii. Outer Radius: 0.300 m
iii. Inner Radius: 0.291 m
b. Press “OK” to accept and close the window
d. Navigate to the Soil Layer tab ( )
i. Click the button to insert a new row in the table
1. Double click the cell under “Label” and enter “Layer1”
2. Double click the cell under “Material”, and select “soilMaterial” from
the drop-down menu
3. Double click the cell under “Thickness” header, and enter “20”
4. Double click the cell under “Number of Sublayers” and enter 36
e. Navigate to the Pile Layout tab ( )
i. Click the button to insert a blank line
1. Double-click the “Label” cell and enter Pile1

2. Double-click the “Material” cell and select “steel” file the drop-down
menu
3. Double-click the “Geometry” cell and select “pileSection” from the
drop-down menu
4. Double-click the “Length” cell and enter 20 m as its value
ii. Click the three times to duplicate Pile1 three times.
iii. Make the following adjustments to the new table (double click the cells to alter
values):
1. Row 2:
a. Rename “Pile1” to “Pile2”
b. Set 𝑥 coordinate of pile center to 1.5 m
2. Row 3:
a. Rename “Pile1” to “Pile 3”
b. Change 𝑦 coordinate of pile center to 1.5 m
3. Row 4:
a. Rename “Pile1” to “Pile 4”
b. Change 𝑥 and 𝑦 coordinates of pile center to 1.5 m and 1.5 m,
respectively
f. Navigate to the Options tab ( )
i. Enter the following:
1. Frequency Increment: 0.1
2. Number of Frequencies: 99
3. Pile Radius Interaction Factor: 1000
g. Click “OK” to close Project Data window. The layout shown in Figure 4-2 should appear
in the 3D view area
3. Save the project by clicking button on the main toolbar
a. Locate a desired folder and specify filename to save the file to local drive
4. Click the button on the main toolbar to start the analysis

Figure 4-2 Isometric view of Example 1
Results
Upon completion of the results, a window showing the plot window is displayed on the window (Section
3.5.1). The solution data, presented in the below, can be viewed through the Report window (Section
3.5.2).
Input Data
Soil Properties
Depth Cs G E ρ Damping Ratio
Layer # Sublayers ν
(m) (m/s) (kPa) (kPa) (kg/m^3) (%)
Layer1 20 36 80 9600 2.861e+04 1500 0.49 10
Pile Properties
Elastic Modulus (kPa) 2.1e+08
Poisson's Ratio 0.3

Density (kg/m^3) 7850
Moment of Inertia (m^4) 0.0007297
Cross-section Area (m^2) 0.01671
Equivalent Diameter (m) 0.6
Damping Ratio (%) 0
Pile Layout
X-Coord Y-Coord Length
Number Label L/D
m m m
1 Pile1 0 0 20 33.33
2 Pile2 1.5 0 20 33.33
3 Pile3 0 1.5 20 33.33
4 Pile4 1.5 1.5 20 33.33
Output Data
Pile Group Translational Stiffness (Real Part)

Freq Re(Kxx) Re(Kxy) Re(Kxz) Re(Kyy) Re(Kyz) Re(Kzz)
(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+0.000e+00 +1.361e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.361e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.456e+05
+1.000e-01 +1.360e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.360e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.454e+05
+2.000e-01 +1.357e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.357e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.448e+05
+3.000e-01 +1.351e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.351e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.438e+05
+4.000e-01 +1.343e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.343e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.423e+05
+5.000e-01 +1.332e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.332e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.404e+05
+6.000e-01 +1.317e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.317e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.381e+05
+7.000e-01 +1.297e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.297e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.352e+05
+8.000e-01 +1.270e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.270e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.317e+05
+9.000e-01 +1.231e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.231e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.276e+05
+1.000e+00 +1.190e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.190e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.227e+05
+1.100e+00 +1.193e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.193e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.172e+05
+1.200e+00 +1.217e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.217e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.111e+05
+1.300e+00 +1.240e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.240e+05 +0.000e+00 +7.043e+05
+1.400e+00 +1.259e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.259e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.969e+05
+1.500e+00 +1.276e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.276e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.885e+05
+1.600e+00 +1.290e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.290e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.793e+05


+1.700e+00 +1.301e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.301e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.691e+05
+1.800e+00 +1.311e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.311e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.584e+05
+1.900e+00 +1.317e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.317e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.477e+05
+2.000e+00 +1.318e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.318e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.386e+05
+2.100e+00 +1.315e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.315e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.330e+05
+2.200e+00 +1.307e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.307e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.314e+05
+2.300e+00 +1.296e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.296e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.330e+05
+2.400e+00 +1.283e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.283e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.361e+05
+2.500e+00 +1.266e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.266e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.398e+05
+2.600e+00 +1.245e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.245e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.433e+05
+2.700e+00 +1.221e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.221e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.464e+05
+2.800e+00 +1.197e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.197e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.491e+05
+2.900e+00 +1.179e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.179e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.518e+05
+3.000e+00 +1.172e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.172e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.547e+05
+3.100e+00 +1.172e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.172e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.578e+05
+3.200e+00 +1.177e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.177e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.608e+05
+3.300e+00 +1.185e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.185e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.634e+05
+3.400e+00 +1.194e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.194e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.658e+05
+3.500e+00 +1.204e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.204e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.679e+05
+3.600e+00 +1.213e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.213e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.697e+05
+3.700e+00 +1.222e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.222e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.714e+05
+3.800e+00 +1.231e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.231e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.729e+05
+3.900e+00 +1.238e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.238e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.743e+05
+4.000e+00 +1.245e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.245e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.756e+05
+4.100e+00 +1.250e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.250e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.768e+05
+4.200e+00 +1.253e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.253e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.779e+05
+4.300e+00 +1.255e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.255e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.789e+05
+4.400e+00 +1.254e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.254e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.798e+05
+4.500e+00 +1.251e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.251e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.806e+05
+4.600e+00 +1.245e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.245e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.814e+05
+4.700e+00 +1.235e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.235e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.820e+05
+4.800e+00 +1.223e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.223e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.826e+05


+4.900e+00 +1.209e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.209e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.831e+05
+5.000e+00 +1.193e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.193e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.835e+05
+5.100e+00 +1.179e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.179e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.839e+05
+5.200e+00 +1.166e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.166e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.843e+05
+5.300e+00 +1.156e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.156e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.848e+05
+5.400e+00 +1.149e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.149e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.852e+05
+5.500e+00 +1.144e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.144e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.856e+05
+5.600e+00 +1.141e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.141e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.860e+05
+5.700e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.864e+05
+5.800e+00 +1.139e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.139e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.867e+05
+5.900e+00 +1.139e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.139e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.871e+05
+6.000e+00 +1.139e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.139e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.873e+05
+6.100e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.876e+05
+6.200e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.878e+05
+6.300e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.880e+05
+6.400e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.140e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.881e+05
+6.500e+00 +1.139e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.139e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.881e+05
+6.600e+00 +1.137e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.137e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.881e+05
+6.700e+00 +1.134e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.134e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.880e+05
+6.800e+00 +1.130e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.130e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.879e+05
+6.900e+00 +1.125e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.125e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.877e+05
+7.000e+00 +1.119e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.119e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.875e+05
+7.100e+00 +1.113e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.113e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.874e+05
+7.200e+00 +1.106e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.106e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.872e+05
+7.300e+00 +1.100e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.100e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.871e+05
+7.400e+00 +1.094e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.094e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.870e+05
+7.500e+00 +1.088e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.088e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.868e+05
+7.600e+00 +1.082e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.082e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.867e+05
+7.700e+00 +1.077e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.077e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.866e+05
+7.800e+00 +1.072e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.072e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.864e+05
+7.900e+00 +1.068e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.068e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.862e+05
+8.000e+00 +1.063e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.063e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.860e+05


+8.100e+00 +1.059e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.059e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.858e+05
+8.200e+00 +1.055e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.055e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.856e+05
+8.300e+00 +1.052e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.052e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.854e+05
+8.400e+00 +1.048e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.048e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.851e+05
+8.500e+00 +1.044e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.044e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.848e+05
+8.600e+00 +1.040e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.040e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.846e+05
+8.700e+00 +1.035e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.035e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.843e+05
+8.800e+00 +1.031e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.031e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.840e+05
+8.900e+00 +1.026e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.026e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.837e+05
+9.000e+00 +1.021e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.021e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.833e+05
+9.100e+00 +1.016e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.016e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.830e+05
+9.200e+00 +1.011e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.011e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.827e+05
+9.300e+00 +1.005e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.005e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.824e+05
+9.400e+00 +9.991e+04 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.991e+04 +0.000e+00 +6.820e+05
+9.500e+00 +9.933e+04 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.933e+04 +0.000e+00 +6.817e+05
+9.600e+00 +9.875e+04 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.875e+04 +0.000e+00 +6.813e+05
+9.700e+00 +9.817e+04 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.817e+04 +0.000e+00 +6.810e+05
+9.800e+00 +9.760e+04 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.760e+04 +0.000e+00 +6.806e+05
Comparison
Dynapile outputs for transfer functions are compared against results of (Gazetas, et al., 1992) in Figure
4-3 through Figure 4-7 below.

Single Pile Transfer Functions (Up/Ug)

7
Dynapile 2016
6 Gazetas et. al (1992)
4
Up/Uff
0
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 4-3 Single pile transfer function (Pile-head to pile-tip, x-direction)

Single Pile Transfer Functions (Uff/Ug)

7
Dynapile 2016
Gazetas el. al (1992)
6
4
Uff/Ug
0
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 4-4 Single pile transfer function (Free-field to pile-tip, x-direction)

Single Pile Transfer Functions

1.1
Dynapile 2016
Gazetas et. al (1992)
1
0.9
0.8
Up/Uff
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 4-5 Single pile transfer function (pile-head to free-field)

Pile Group Transfer Functions (Up/Uff)

1.2
Dynapile 2016
Gazetas el. al (1992)
1
0.8
Up/Uff
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 4-6 Pile group transfer function (pile-head to free-field, x-direction)

Pile Group Transfer Functions (Up/Ug)

7
Dynapile 2016
Gazetas et. al. (1992)
6
4
Up/Ug
0
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 4-7 Pile group transfer function (pile-head to pile-tip, x-direction)

4.2 Example 2
Consider the 36 piles arranged in a square layout with a center-to-center spacing of 3.0 meters (Figure
4-8). The piles are 20 meters in length, and have hollow circular cross-section with outer and inner radii
of 0.300 and 0.291 m, respectively.
Figure 4-8 Example 2 configuration
The material properties of soil and pile are tabulated in Table 4-2.

Soil 26880 80.00 1500.00 0.49 5.0
Piles 3.0e7 2362.5 2150.00 0.25 0.5

Creating Dynapile Model
1. Start Dynapile
a. Label: soilMaterial
b. Density: 1500 kg/m3 (Note: you may also right-click on the
units, change input units to Mg/m3, and enter 1.5 as the value)
d. Damping: 0.05
e. Shear Wave Velocity: 80 m/s
a. Label: concrete
b. Density: 2150 kg/m3
d. Damping: 0.005
e. Elastic Modulus: 3.0e7 kPa
1. Select circular tube in the Add Section window
a. Enter the following in the Circular Tube Section window:
ii. Outer Radius: 0.300
iii. Inner Radius: 0.291
1. Double click the cell under “Label” and enter “Layer1”
2. Double click the cell under “Material”, and select “soilMaterial” from
the drop-down menu
ii. Click the button to duplicate Layer1
1. Double click the “Label” item and change the label to “Layer2”
2. Double click the “Number of Sublayers” and change the value to 10


i. Click the button to create pile layout from template
1. In the new window, enter the following:
a. (Horizontal) Quantity: 6
b. (Horizontal) Spacing: 3.0 (m)
c. (Vertical) Quantity: 6
d. (Vertical) Spacing: 3.0 (m)
e. Material: concrete
f. Section: pileSection
g. Length: 20 (m)
2. Click “OK” to create pile layout
3. Double-click the “Material” cell and select “steel” file the drop-down
menu
4. Double-click the “Geometry” cell and select “steel” from the drop-down
menu
5. Double-click the “Length” cell and enter 20 as its value
f. Navigate to the Structure tab ( )
i. Enable Superstructure input by checking the checkbox
ii. Enter the following:
1. Mass: 35,000 kg
2. 𝑲𝒙 : 5,640 kN/m
3. Leave other fields with zero values
g. Click “OK” to close Project Data window. The layout shown in Figure 4-9 should appear
in the 3D view area

Results
Input Data
Soil Properties
(m) (m/s) (kPa) (kPa) (kg/m^3) (%)
Layer1 10 20 80 9600 2.861e+04 1500 0.49 5
Layer2 10 10 80 9600 2.861e+04 1500 0.49 5
Pile Properties
Elastic Modulus (kPa) 3e+07
Poisson's Ratio 0.25

Damping Ratio (%) 0.5
Pile Layout
Number Label L/D
m m m
1 Pile1 -7.5 -7.5 20 33.33
2 Pile2 -7.5 -4.5 20 33.33
3 Pile3 -7.5 -1.5 20 33.33
4 Pile4 -7.5 1.5 20 33.33
5 Pile5 -7.5 4.5 20 33.33
6 Pile6 -7.5 7.5 20 33.33
7 Pile7 -4.5 -7.5 20 33.33
8 Pile8 -4.5 -4.5 20 33.33
9 Pile9 -4.5 -1.5 20 33.33
10 Pile10 -4.5 1.5 20 33.33
11 Pile11 -4.5 4.5 20 33.33
12 Pile12 -4.5 7.5 20 33.33
13 Pile13 -1.5 -7.5 20 33.33
14 Pile14 -1.5 -4.5 20 33.33
15 Pile15 -1.5 -1.5 20 33.33
16 Pile16 -1.5 1.5 20 33.33
17 Pile17 -1.5 4.5 20 33.33
18 Pile18 -1.5 7.5 20 33.33
19 Pile19 1.5 -7.5 20 33.33
20 Pile20 1.5 -4.5 20 33.33
21 Pile21 1.5 -1.5 20 33.33
22 Pile22 1.5 1.5 20 33.33
23 Pile23 1.5 4.5 20 33.33
24 Pile24 1.5 7.5 20 33.33
25 Pile25 4.5 -7.5 20 33.33
26 Pile26 4.5 -4.5 20 33.33


Number Label L/D
m m m
27 Pile27 4.5 -1.5 20 33.33
28 Pile28 4.5 1.5 20 33.33
29 Pile29 4.5 4.5 20 33.33
30 Pile30 4.5 7.5 20 33.33
31 Pile31 7.5 -7.5 20 33.33
32 Pile32 7.5 -4.5 20 33.33
33 Pile33 7.5 -1.5 20 33.33
34 Pile34 7.5 1.5 20 33.33
35 Pile35 7.5 4.5 20 33.33
36 Pile36 7.5 7.5 20 33.33
Output Data

+2.900e+01 +1.137e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.137e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.774e+06
+3.000e+01 +1.233e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.233e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.526e+06
+3.100e+01 +1.447e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.447e+06 +0.000e+00 +4.709e+06
+3.200e+01 +1.725e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.725e+06 +0.000e+00 +5.740e+06
+3.300e+01 +1.946e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.946e+06 +0.000e+00 +6.059e+06
+3.400e+01 +2.021e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.021e+06 +0.000e+00 +5.756e+06
+3.500e+01 +1.956e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.956e+06 +0.000e+00 +5.162e+06
+3.600e+01 +1.806e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.806e+06 +0.000e+00 +4.521e+06
+3.700e+01 +1.625e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.625e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.979e+06
+3.800e+01 +1.452e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.452e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.592e+06
Pile Group Translational Stiffness (Imaginary Part)

Freq Im(Kxx) Im(Kxy) Im(Kxz) Im(Kyy) Im(Kyz) Im(Kzz)
+2.900e+01 +1.693e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.693e+06 +0.000e+00 +4.089e+06
+3.000e+01 +1.979e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.979e+06 +0.000e+00 +4.927e+06
+3.100e+01 +2.197e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.197e+06 +0.000e+00 +5.203e+06
+3.200e+01 +2.266e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.266e+06 +0.000e+00 +4.667e+06


+3.300e+01 +2.171e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.171e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.741e+06
+3.400e+01 +1.997e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.997e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.015e+06
+3.500e+01 +1.851e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.851e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.684e+06
+3.600e+01 +1.789e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.789e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.737e+06
+3.700e+01 +1.823e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.823e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.084e+06
+3.800e+01 +1.950e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.950e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.637e+06
Pile Group Translational-Rotational Stiffness (Real Part)

Freq Re(Kxrx) Re(Kxry) Re(Kxrx) Re(Kyry) Re(Kyrx) Re(Kzry)
(Hz) (kN/rad) (kN/rad) (kN/rad) (kN/rad) (kN/rad) (kN/rad)
+2.900e+01 +0.000e+00 +6.467e+06 -6.467e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.000e+01 +0.000e+00 +7.158e+06 -7.158e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.100e+01 +0.000e+00 +8.459e+06 -8.459e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.200e+01 +0.000e+00 +1.006e+07 -1.006e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.300e+01 +0.000e+00 +1.108e+07 -1.108e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.400e+01 +0.000e+00 +1.107e+07 -1.107e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.500e+01 +0.000e+00 +1.045e+07 -1.045e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.600e+01 +0.000e+00 +9.731e+06 -9.731e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.700e+01 +0.000e+00 +9.154e+06 -9.154e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.800e+01 +0.000e+00 +8.721e+06 -8.721e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

Freq Im(Kxrx) Im(Kxry) Im(Kxrx) Im(Kyry) Im(Kyrx) Im(Kzry)
+2.900e+01 +0.000e+00 +8.131e+06 -8.131e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.000e+01 +0.000e+00 +9.495e+06 -9.495e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.100e+01 +0.000e+00 +1.047e+07 -1.047e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.200e+01 +0.000e+00 +1.054e+07 -1.054e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.300e+01 +0.000e+00 +9.651e+06 -9.651e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.400e+01 +0.000e+00 +8.653e+06 -8.653e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.500e+01 +0.000e+00 +8.192e+06 -8.192e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.600e+01 +0.000e+00 +8.305e+06 -8.305e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.700e+01 +0.000e+00 +8.789e+06 -8.789e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.800e+01 +0.000e+00 +9.492e+06 -9.492e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

Pile Group Rotational Stiffness (Real Part)

Freq Re(Krxrx) Re(Krxry) Re(Krxrx)
(Hz) (kN-m/rad) (kN-m/rad) (kN-m/rad)
+2.900e+01 +9.462e+07 +9.462e+07 +1.443e+08
+3.000e+01 +9.961e+07 +9.961e+07 +1.367e+08
+3.100e+01 +1.097e+08 +1.097e+08 +1.342e+08
+3.200e+01 +1.225e+08 +1.225e+08 +1.380e+08
+3.300e+01 +1.288e+08 +1.288e+08 +1.441e+08
+3.400e+01 +1.259e+08 +1.259e+08 +1.463e+08
+3.500e+01 +1.202e+08 +1.202e+08 +1.437e+08
+3.600e+01 +1.174e+08 +1.174e+08 +1.403e+08
+3.700e+01 +1.186e+08 +1.186e+08 +1.387e+08
+3.800e+01 +1.209e+08 +1.209e+08 +1.379e+08
Pile Group Rotational Stiffness (Imaginary Part)

Freq Im(Krxrx) Im(Krxry) Im(Krxrx)
+2.900e+01 +8.299e+07 +8.299e+07 +1.257e+08
+3.000e+01 +9.469e+07 +9.469e+07 +1.336e+08
+3.100e+01 +1.037e+08 +1.037e+08 +1.453e+08
+3.200e+01 +1.048e+08 +1.048e+08 +1.558e+08
+3.300e+01 +9.812e+07 +9.812e+07 +1.602e+08
+3.400e+01 +9.322e+07 +9.322e+07 +1.602e+08
+3.500e+01 +9.522e+07 +9.522e+07 +1.615e+08
+3.600e+01 +1.020e+08 +1.020e+08 +1.664e+08
+3.700e+01 +1.092e+08 +1.092e+08 +1.730e+08
+3.800e+01 +1.139e+08 +1.139e+08 +1.791e+08
Single Pile Translationa Stiffness (Real Part)

Freq Re(Kxx) Re(Kzz)
(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+2.900e+01 +4.908e+04 +1.404e+05
+3.000e+01 +4.937e+04 +1.416e+05
+3.100e+01 +4.965e+04 +1.427e+05
+3.200e+01 +4.993e+04 +1.438e+05
+3.300e+01 +5.021e+04 +1.448e+05


(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+3.400e+01 +5.049e+04 +1.459e+05
+3.500e+01 +5.076e+04 +1.469e+05
+3.600e+01 +5.103e+04 +1.479e+05
+3.700e+01 +5.129e+04 +1.489e+05
+3.800e+01 +5.155e+04 +1.498e+05
Single Pile Translationa Stiffness (Imaginary Part)

Freq Im(Kxx) Im(Kzz)
(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+2.900e+01 +4.908e+04 +1.404e+05
+3.000e+01 +4.937e+04 +1.416e+05
+3.100e+01 +4.965e+04 +1.427e+05
+3.200e+01 +4.993e+04 +1.438e+05
+3.300e+01 +5.021e+04 +1.448e+05
+3.400e+01 +5.049e+04 +1.459e+05
+3.500e+01 +5.076e+04 +1.469e+05
+3.600e+01 +5.103e+04 +1.479e+05
+3.700e+01 +5.129e+04 +1.489e+05
+3.800e+01 +5.155e+04 +1.498e+05
Pile Group Transfer Functions

Freq Pile-Head/Pile-Tip (X) Pile-Head/Pile-Tip (Y) Pile-Head/Pile-Tip (Z)
(Hz) () () ()
+2.900e+01 +6.889e-02 +6.889e-02 +3.458e-01
+3.000e+01 +6.198e-02 +6.198e-02 +3.317e-01
+3.100e+01 +5.167e-02 +5.167e-02 +3.187e-01
+3.200e+01 +4.545e-02 +4.545e-02 +3.067e-01
+3.300e+01 +3.978e-02 +3.978e-02 +2.950e-01
+3.400e+01 +3.094e-02 +3.094e-02 +2.826e-01
+3.500e+01 +2.155e-02 +2.155e-02 +2.674e-01
+3.600e+01 +1.132e-02 +1.132e-02 +2.474e-01
+3.700e+01 +3.913e-03 +3.913e-03 +2.256e-01
+3.800e+01 +3.573e-03 +3.573e-03 +2.076e-01

Freq Pile-Head/Free-field (X) Pile-Head/Free-field (Y) Pile-Head/Free-field (Z)

(Hz) () () ()
+2.900e+01 +2.342e-01 +2.342e-01 +2.611e+21
+3.000e+01 +2.194e-01 +2.194e-01 +1.983e+21
+3.100e+01 +2.067e-01 +2.067e-01 +1.497e+21
+3.200e+01 +1.860e-01 +1.860e-01 +1.123e+21
+3.300e+01 +1.693e-01 +1.693e-01 +8.351e+20
+3.400e+01 +1.444e-01 +1.444e-01 +6.126e+20
+3.500e+01 +1.111e-01 +1.111e-01 +4.393e+20
+3.600e+01 +6.790e-02 +6.790e-02 +3.043e+20
+3.700e+01 +2.548e-02 +2.548e-02 +2.050e+20
+3.800e+01 +2.476e-02 +2.476e-02 +1.371e+20

Freq Pile-Head/Pile-Tip (X) Pile-Head/Pile-Tip (Z)
(Hz) () ()
+2.900e+01 +3.242e-02 +1.106e-02
+3.000e+01 +2.828e-02 +1.059e-02
+3.100e+01 +2.325e-02 +1.015e-02
+3.200e+01 +2.092e-02 +9.749e-03
+3.300e+01 +1.871e-02 +9.367e-03
+3.400e+01 +1.604e-02 +8.986e-03
+3.500e+01 +1.357e-02 +8.560e-03
+3.600e+01 +1.090e-02 +8.027e-03
+3.700e+01 +9.189e-03 +7.444e-03
+3.800e+01 +7.871e-03 +6.933e-03

Freq Pile-Head/Free-field (X) Pile-Head/Free-field (Z)
(Hz) () ()
+2.900e+01 +1.102e-01 +8.352e+19
+3.000e+01 +1.001e-01 +6.331e+19
+3.100e+01 +9.299e-02 +4.770e+19
+3.200e+01 +8.559e-02 +3.571e+19
+3.300e+01 +7.961e-02 +2.652e+19
+3.400e+01 +7.487e-02 +1.948e+19


(Hz) () ()
+3.500e+01 +6.992e-02 +1.406e+19
+3.600e+01 +6.539e-02 +9.875e+18
+3.700e+01 +5.984e-02 +6.765e+18
+3.800e+01 +5.454e-02 +4.579e+18

Freq Free-field/Pile-tip (X) Free-field/Pile-tip (Z)
(Hz) () ()
+2.900e+01 +2.942e-01 +1.324e-22
+3.000e+01 +2.825e-01 +1.673e-22
+3.100e+01 +2.500e-01 +2.129e-22
+3.200e+01 +2.444e-01 +2.730e-22
+3.300e+01 +2.350e-01 +3.532e-22
+3.400e+01 +2.142e-01 +4.613e-22
+3.500e+01 +1.940e-01 +6.087e-22
+3.600e+01 +1.667e-01 +8.129e-22
+3.700e+01 +1.536e-01 +1.100e-21
+3.800e+01 +1.443e-01 +1.514e-21

4.3 Example 3
We consider a single circular pile of length 20m embedded in a homogeneous soil layer. The material
properties of soil and pile are tabulated in Table 4-3.

Soil 1 18.898 1.00 0.4 5.0
Pile 1000 501.507 1.42 0.4 5.0


1. Start Dynapile
a. Label: soilMat
b. Density: 1 kg/m3
d. Damping: 0.05
e. Elastic Modulus: 1 kPa
a. Label: pileMat
b. Density: 1.42 kg/m3
d. Damping: 0.05
a. Enter the following in the Circular Section window:
ii. Radius: 0.5 m
1. Double click the cell under “Label” and enter “soil”
2. Double click the cell under “Material”, and select “soilMat” from the
drop-down menu
i. Click the button to insert a blank line
1. Double-click the “Label” cell and enter Pile1
2. Double-click the “Material” cell and select “pileMat” file the drop-down
menu

3. Double-click the “Geometry” cell and select “pileSection” from the

drop-down menu
4. Double-click the “Length” cell and enter 20 as its value
g. Click “OK” to close Project Data window. The layout shown in Figure 4-10 should
appear in the 3D view area

Results
Input Data
Soil Properties
(m) (m/s) (kPa) (kPa) (kg/m^3) (%)
soil 20 46 18.9 0.3571 1 1 0.4 5
Pile Properties
Elastic Modulus (kPa) 1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.4
Density (kg/m^3) 1.42
Equivalent Diameter (m) 1
Damping Ratio (%) 5
Pile Layout
Number Label L/D
m m m
1 Pile1 0 0 20 20
Output Data

+1.000e-01 +4.252e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.252e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.402e+01
+1.800e-01 +4.076e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.076e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.389e+01
+2.600e-01 +3.782e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +3.782e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.364e+01
+3.400e-01 +4.053e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.053e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.324e+01
+4.200e-01 +4.186e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.186e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.254e+01
+5.000e-01 +4.102e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.102e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.215e+01
+5.800e-01 +4.083e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.083e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.242e+01
+6.600e-01 +4.068e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.068e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.296e+01
+7.400e-01 +3.922e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +3.922e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.311e+01
+8.200e-01 +4.005e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.005e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.318e+01
+9.000e-01 +4.093e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.093e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.323e+01


+9.800e-01 +4.162e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.162e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.327e+01
+1.060e+00 +4.195e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.195e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.331e+01
+1.140e+00 +4.145e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.145e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.333e+01
+1.220e+00 +4.055e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.055e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.336e+01
+1.300e+00 +4.064e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.064e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.337e+01
+1.380e+00 +4.094e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.094e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.338e+01
+1.460e+00 +4.125e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.125e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.339e+01
+1.540e+00 +4.152e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.152e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.339e+01
+1.620e+00 +4.169e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.169e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.339e+01
+1.700e+00 +4.175e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.175e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.337e+01
+1.780e+00 +4.182e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.182e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.335e+01
+1.860e+00 +4.189e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.189e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.331e+01
+1.940e+00 +4.194e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.194e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.327e+01
+2.020e+00 +4.198e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.198e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.323e+01

+1.000e-01 +4.314e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.314e-01 +0.000e+00 +4.407e+00
+1.800e-01 +4.415e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.415e-01 +0.000e+00 +4.409e+00
+2.600e-01 +9.444e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.444e-01 +0.000e+00 +4.421e+00
+3.400e-01 +1.157e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.157e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.482e+00
+4.200e-01 +1.205e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.205e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.764e+00
+5.000e-01 +1.166e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.166e+00 +0.000e+00 +5.837e+00
+5.800e-01 +1.441e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.441e+00 +0.000e+00 +6.916e+00
+6.600e-01 +1.468e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.468e+00 +0.000e+00 +7.089e+00
+7.400e-01 +1.702e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.702e+00 +0.000e+00 +7.243e+00
+8.200e-01 +1.944e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.944e+00 +0.000e+00 +7.453e+00
+9.000e-01 +2.089e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.089e+00 +0.000e+00 +7.681e+00
+9.800e-01 +2.187e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.187e+00 +0.000e+00 +7.910e+00
+1.060e+00 +2.244e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.244e+00 +0.000e+00 +8.137e+00
+1.140e+00 +2.295e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.295e+00 +0.000e+00 +8.361e+00
+1.220e+00 +2.462e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.462e+00 +0.000e+00 +8.582e+00


+1.300e+00 +2.652e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.652e+00 +0.000e+00 +8.802e+00
+1.380e+00 +2.805e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.805e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.019e+00
+1.460e+00 +2.940e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +2.940e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.231e+00
+1.540e+00 +3.060e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +3.060e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.437e+00
+1.620e+00 +3.172e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +3.172e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.633e+00
+1.700e+00 +3.286e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +3.286e+00 +0.000e+00 +9.824e+00
+1.780e+00 +3.403e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +3.403e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.002e+01
+1.860e+00 +3.519e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +3.519e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.022e+01
+1.940e+00 +3.634e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +3.634e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.042e+01
+2.020e+00 +3.748e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +3.748e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.062e+01

+1.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.600e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.400e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+4.200e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+6.600e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+7.400e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+8.200e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.060e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.140e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.220e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.300e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.380e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.460e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.540e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00


+1.620e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.700e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.780e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.860e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.940e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.020e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

+1.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.600e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.400e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+4.200e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+6.600e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+7.400e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+8.200e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.060e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.140e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.220e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.300e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.380e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.460e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.540e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.620e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.700e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.780e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.860e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00


+1.940e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.020e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

+1.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.600e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.400e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+4.200e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+6.600e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+7.400e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+8.200e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.060e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.140e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.220e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.300e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.380e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.460e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.540e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.620e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.700e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.780e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.860e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.940e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.020e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00


+1.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.600e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.400e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+4.200e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+6.600e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+7.400e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+8.200e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.000e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.800e-01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.060e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.140e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.220e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.300e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.380e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.460e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.540e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.620e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.700e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.780e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.860e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.940e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.020e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+1.000e-01 +4.252e+00 +4.402e+01
+1.800e-01 +4.076e+00 +4.389e+01
+2.600e-01 +3.782e+00 +4.364e+01
+3.400e-01 +4.053e+00 +4.324e+01


(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+4.200e-01 +4.186e+00 +4.254e+01
+5.000e-01 +4.102e+00 +4.215e+01
+5.800e-01 +4.083e+00 +4.242e+01
+6.600e-01 +4.068e+00 +4.296e+01
+7.400e-01 +3.922e+00 +4.311e+01
+8.200e-01 +4.005e+00 +4.318e+01
+9.000e-01 +4.093e+00 +4.323e+01
+9.800e-01 +4.162e+00 +4.327e+01
+1.060e+00 +4.195e+00 +4.331e+01
+1.140e+00 +4.145e+00 +4.333e+01
+1.220e+00 +4.055e+00 +4.336e+01
+1.300e+00 +4.064e+00 +4.337e+01
+1.380e+00 +4.094e+00 +4.338e+01
+1.460e+00 +4.125e+00 +4.339e+01
+1.540e+00 +4.152e+00 +4.339e+01
+1.620e+00 +4.169e+00 +4.339e+01
+1.700e+00 +4.175e+00 +4.337e+01
+1.780e+00 +4.182e+00 +4.335e+01
+1.860e+00 +4.189e+00 +4.331e+01
+1.940e+00 +4.194e+00 +4.327e+01
+2.020e+00 +4.198e+00 +4.323e+01

(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+1.000e-01 +4.252e+00 +4.402e+01
+1.800e-01 +4.076e+00 +4.389e+01
+2.600e-01 +3.782e+00 +4.364e+01
+3.400e-01 +4.053e+00 +4.324e+01
+4.200e-01 +4.186e+00 +4.254e+01
+5.000e-01 +4.102e+00 +4.215e+01
+5.800e-01 +4.083e+00 +4.242e+01
+6.600e-01 +4.068e+00 +4.296e+01


(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+7.400e-01 +3.922e+00 +4.311e+01
+8.200e-01 +4.005e+00 +4.318e+01
+9.000e-01 +4.093e+00 +4.323e+01
+9.800e-01 +4.162e+00 +4.327e+01
+1.060e+00 +4.195e+00 +4.331e+01
+1.140e+00 +4.145e+00 +4.333e+01
+1.220e+00 +4.055e+00 +4.336e+01
+1.300e+00 +4.064e+00 +4.337e+01
+1.380e+00 +4.094e+00 +4.338e+01
+1.460e+00 +4.125e+00 +4.339e+01
+1.540e+00 +4.152e+00 +4.339e+01
+1.620e+00 +4.169e+00 +4.339e+01
+1.700e+00 +4.175e+00 +4.337e+01
+1.780e+00 +4.182e+00 +4.335e+01
+1.860e+00 +4.189e+00 +4.331e+01
+1.940e+00 +4.194e+00 +4.327e+01
+2.020e+00 +4.198e+00 +4.323e+01

(Hz) () () ()
+1.000e-01 +1.267e+00 +1.267e+00 +8.375e-01
+1.800e-01 +2.669e+00 +2.669e+00 +8.415e-01
+2.600e-01 +5.734e+00 +5.734e+00 +8.487e-01
+3.400e-01 +1.560e+00 +1.560e+00 +8.608e-01
+4.200e-01 +1.050e+00 +1.050e+00 +8.824e-01
+5.000e-01 +9.760e-01 +9.760e-01 +8.923e-01
+5.800e-01 +1.203e+00 +1.203e+00 +8.781e-01
+6.600e-01 +2.245e+00 +2.245e+00 +8.588e-01
+7.400e-01 +2.749e+00 +2.749e+00 +8.529e-01
+8.200e-01 +1.164e+00 +1.164e+00 +8.497e-01
+9.000e-01 +7.929e-01 +7.929e-01 +8.471e-01
+9.800e-01 +6.998e-01 +6.998e-01 +8.450e-01


(Hz) () () ()
+1.060e+00 +7.575e-01 +7.575e-01 +8.435e-01
+1.140e+00 +1.015e+00 +1.015e+00 +8.424e-01
+1.220e+00 +9.118e-01 +9.118e-01 +8.411e-01
+1.300e+00 +4.865e-01 +4.865e-01 +8.399e-01
+1.380e+00 +3.275e-01 +3.275e-01 +8.387e-01
+1.460e+00 +2.687e-01 +2.687e-01 +8.376e-01
+1.540e+00 +2.588e-01 +2.588e-01 +8.365e-01
+1.620e+00 +2.749e-01 +2.749e-01 +8.354e-01
+1.700e+00 +2.089e-01 +2.089e-01 +8.346e-01
+1.780e+00 +1.250e-01 +1.250e-01 +8.339e-01
+1.860e+00 +9.275e-02 +9.275e-02 +8.336e-01
+1.940e+00 +8.477e-02 +8.477e-02 +8.337e-01
+2.020e+00 +8.962e-02 +8.962e-02 +8.339e-01

(Hz) () () ()
+1.000e-01 +9.999e-01 +9.999e-01 +3.408e+04
+1.800e-01 +9.987e-01 +9.987e-01 +3.481e+04
+2.600e-01 +9.962e-01 +9.962e-01 +3.601e+04
+3.400e-01 +9.983e-01 +9.983e-01 +3.781e+04
+4.200e-01 +9.935e-01 +9.935e-01 +4.049e+04
+5.000e-01 +9.754e-01 +9.754e-01 +4.314e+04
+5.800e-01 +9.488e-01 +9.488e-01 +4.513e+04
+6.600e-01 +8.995e-01 +8.995e-01 +4.731e+04
+7.400e-01 +8.499e-01 +8.499e-01 +5.079e+04
+8.200e-01 +8.286e-01 +8.286e-01 +5.513e+04
+9.000e-01 +7.884e-01 +7.884e-01 +6.034e+04
+9.800e-01 +7.229e-01 +7.229e-01 +6.658e+04
+1.060e+00 +6.247e-01 +6.247e-01 +7.404e+04
+1.140e+00 +4.983e-01 +4.983e-01 +8.293e+04
+1.220e+00 +4.246e-01 +4.246e-01 +9.348e+04
+1.300e+00 +3.936e-01 +3.936e-01 +1.060e+05


(Hz) () () ()
+1.380e+00 +3.488e-01 +3.488e-01 +1.210e+05
+1.460e+00 +2.939e-01 +2.939e-01 +1.389e+05
+1.540e+00 +2.325e-01 +2.325e-01 +1.602e+05
+1.620e+00 +1.718e-01 +1.718e-01 +1.858e+05
+1.700e+00 +1.322e-01 +1.322e-01 +2.165e+05
+1.780e+00 +1.159e-01 +1.159e-01 +2.535e+05
+1.860e+00 +1.075e-01 +1.075e-01 +2.981e+05
+1.940e+00 +1.004e-01 +1.004e-01 +3.521e+05
+2.020e+00 +9.050e-02 +9.050e-02 +4.175e+05

(Hz) () ()
+1.000e-01 +1.267e+00 +8.375e-01
+1.800e-01 +2.669e+00 +8.415e-01
+2.600e-01 +5.734e+00 +8.487e-01
+3.400e-01 +1.560e+00 +8.608e-01
+4.200e-01 +1.050e+00 +8.824e-01
+5.000e-01 +9.760e-01 +8.923e-01
+5.800e-01 +1.203e+00 +8.781e-01
+6.600e-01 +2.245e+00 +8.588e-01
+7.400e-01 +2.749e+00 +8.529e-01
+8.200e-01 +1.164e+00 +8.497e-01
+9.000e-01 +7.929e-01 +8.471e-01
+9.800e-01 +6.998e-01 +8.450e-01
+1.060e+00 +7.575e-01 +8.435e-01
+1.140e+00 +1.015e+00 +8.424e-01
+1.220e+00 +9.118e-01 +8.411e-01
+1.300e+00 +4.865e-01 +8.399e-01
+1.380e+00 +3.275e-01 +8.387e-01
+1.460e+00 +2.687e-01 +8.376e-01
+1.540e+00 +2.588e-01 +8.365e-01
+1.620e+00 +2.749e-01 +8.354e-01


(Hz) () ()
+1.700e+00 +2.089e-01 +8.346e-01
+1.780e+00 +1.250e-01 +8.339e-01
+1.860e+00 +9.275e-02 +8.336e-01
+1.940e+00 +8.477e-02 +8.337e-01
+2.020e+00 +8.962e-02 +8.339e-01

(Hz) () ()
+1.000e-01 +9.999e-01 +3.408e+04
+1.800e-01 +9.987e-01 +3.481e+04
+2.600e-01 +9.962e-01 +3.601e+04
+3.400e-01 +9.983e-01 +3.781e+04
+4.200e-01 +9.935e-01 +4.049e+04
+5.000e-01 +9.754e-01 +4.314e+04
+5.800e-01 +9.488e-01 +4.513e+04
+6.600e-01 +8.995e-01 +4.731e+04
+7.400e-01 +8.499e-01 +5.079e+04
+8.200e-01 +8.286e-01 +5.513e+04
+9.000e-01 +7.884e-01 +6.034e+04
+9.800e-01 +7.229e-01 +6.658e+04
+1.060e+00 +6.247e-01 +7.404e+04
+1.140e+00 +4.983e-01 +8.293e+04
+1.220e+00 +4.246e-01 +9.348e+04
+1.300e+00 +3.936e-01 +1.060e+05
+1.380e+00 +3.488e-01 +1.210e+05
+1.460e+00 +2.939e-01 +1.389e+05
+1.540e+00 +2.325e-01 +1.602e+05
+1.620e+00 +1.718e-01 +1.858e+05
+1.700e+00 +1.322e-01 +2.165e+05
+1.780e+00 +1.159e-01 +2.535e+05
+1.860e+00 +1.075e-01 +2.981e+05
+1.940e+00 +1.004e-01 +3.521e+05


(Hz) () ()
+2.020e+00 +9.050e-02 +4.175e+05

(Hz) () ()
+1.000e-01 +1.267e+00 +2.457e-05
+1.800e-01 +2.673e+00 +2.418e-05
+2.600e-01 +5.756e+00 +2.357e-05
+3.400e-01 +1.563e+00 +2.277e-05
+4.200e-01 +1.057e+00 +2.180e-05
+5.000e-01 +1.001e+00 +2.068e-05
+5.800e-01 +1.268e+00 +1.946e-05
+6.600e-01 +2.496e+00 +1.815e-05
+7.400e-01 +3.234e+00 +1.679e-05
+8.200e-01 +1.405e+00 +1.541e-05
+9.000e-01 +1.006e+00 +1.404e-05
+9.800e-01 +9.681e-01 +1.269e-05
+1.060e+00 +1.213e+00 +1.139e-05
+1.140e+00 +2.038e+00 +1.016e-05
+1.220e+00 +2.147e+00 +8.998e-06
+1.300e+00 +1.236e+00 +7.920e-06
+1.380e+00 +9.389e-01 +6.931e-06
+1.460e+00 +9.142e-01 +6.032e-06
+1.540e+00 +1.113e+00 +5.221e-06
+1.620e+00 +1.600e+00 +4.497e-06
+1.700e+00 +1.580e+00 +3.855e-06
+1.780e+00 +1.078e+00 +3.290e-06
+1.860e+00 +8.630e-01 +2.796e-06
+1.940e+00 +8.447e-01 +2.368e-06
+2.020e+00 +9.903e-01 +1.997e-06
Comparison

Single pile transfer function is compared against results of (Fan, Gazetas, Kaynia, Kausel, & Ahmad,
𝐸𝑝
1991) in Figure 4-11. The results are then repeated for 𝐸𝑠
= 10,000 by changing pile’s elastic modulus to
10,000 (See Step 2.b.ii.1.e in Section 4.3.1). The results of single pile transfer function are shown in
Figure 4-12.
Single pile Transfer function (EP/Es=1000)

1.2
Dynapile 2016
Fan et. al.(1991)
1
0.8
Up/Uff
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
a0 = ωd/vs
𝑬
Figure 4-11 Single pile transfer function (Pile-head to free-field in the x-direction, 𝑬𝒑 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝒔

Single pile Transfer function (EP/Es=10000)

1.20
Dynapile 2016
Fan et. al. (1991)

1.00
0.80
Up/Uff
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60
a0 = ωd/vs
𝑬𝒑
Figure 4-12 Single pile transfer function (Pile Head to Free-field in x-direction, 𝑬 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎)
𝒔

4.4 Example 4
We consider a 2x2 pile group centered around (0,0) with length of 37.5m. The soil and pile properties are
chosen such that
𝐿 𝐻
= 37.5, = 75.0
𝑑 𝑑
𝑠 𝐿
= 5.0, = 37.5
𝑑 𝑑
𝜋𝐺𝑠 𝐿2
= 1.0
𝐸𝑝 𝐴
where, 𝐿 is the pile lengths, 𝐻 is the total depth of soil, 𝑑 is the diameter of the piles, 𝐴 is the cross-
sectional area of the piles, 𝑠 is the center-to-center spacing of piles, 𝐺𝑠 is the shear modulus of the soil,
and 𝐸𝑝 is the pile elastic modulus.


5. Start Dynapile
a. Label: soilMat
b. Density: 1 kg/m3
d. Damping: 0.05
e. Shear Modulus: 0.1778 kPa
a. Label: pileMat
b. Density: 1.42 kg/m3
d. Damping: 0.05
ii. Radius: 0.5 m
1. Double click the cell under “Label” and enter “layer1”
2. Double click the cell under “Material”, and select “soilMat” from the
drop-down menu
3. Double click the cell under “Thickness” header, and enter “37.5” (m)
ii. Click the button to duplicate Layer1, and make the following changes to the
new layer:
1. Label: layer2
2. Number of Sublayers: 5


e. Material: pileMat
g. Length: 37.5 (m)
g. Click “OK” to close Project Data window. The layout shown in Figure 4-14 should

Results
Input Data
Soil Properties
(m) (m/s) (kPa) (kPa) (kg/m^3) (%)
layer1 37.5 40 13.33 0.1778 0.4978 1 0.4 5
layer2 37.5 5 13.33 0.1778 0.4978 1 0.4 5
Pile Properties
Elastic Modulus (kPa) 1000
Poisson's Ratio 0.4
Density (kg/m^3) 1.42

Equivalent Diameter (m) 1
Damping Ratio (%) 5
Pile Layout
Number Label L/D
m m m
1 Pile1 -2.5 -2.5 37.5 37.5
2 Pile2 -2.5 2.5 37.5 37.5
3 Pile3 2.5 -2.5 37.5 37.5
4 Pile4 2.5 2.5 37.5 37.5
Output Data

+0.000e+00 +5.579e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +5.579e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.788e+01
+7.000e-02 +5.408e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +5.408e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.384e+01
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+2.100e-01 +5.245e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +5.245e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.500e+01
+2.800e-01 +5.247e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +5.247e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.546e+01
+3.500e-01 +4.892e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.892e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.478e+01
+4.200e-01 +4.804e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.804e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.356e+01
+4.900e-01 +4.778e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.778e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.233e+01
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+8.400e-01 +4.170e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.170e+00 +0.000e+00 +6.494e+00
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+1.260e+00 +1.121e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +1.121e+01 +0.000e+00 +1.506e+02


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+1.820e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.862e+01 -4.862e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.890e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.745e+01 -4.745e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.960e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.654e+01 -4.654e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.030e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.595e+01 -4.595e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.100e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.573e+01 -4.573e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.170e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.590e+01 -4.590e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.240e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.644e+01 -4.644e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.310e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.731e+01 -4.731e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.380e+00 +0.000e+00 +4.848e+01 -4.848e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
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+2.590e+00 +0.000e+00 +5.349e+01 -5.349e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.660e+00 +0.000e+00 +5.558e+01 -5.558e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.730e+00 +0.000e+00 +5.786e+01 -5.786e+01 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

+0.000e+00 +3.287e+02 +3.287e+02 +2.027e+02
+7.000e-02 +3.233e+02 +3.233e+02 +2.017e+02
+1.400e-01 +3.184e+02 +3.184e+02 +1.991e+02
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+4.200e-01 +2.910e+02 +2.910e+02 +1.785e+02
+4.900e-01 +2.838e+02 +2.838e+02 +1.726e+02


+5.600e-01 +2.769e+02 +2.769e+02 +1.669e+02
+6.300e-01 +2.704e+02 +2.704e+02 +1.612e+02
+7.000e-01 +2.642e+02 +2.642e+02 +1.558e+02
+7.700e-01 +2.583e+02 +2.583e+02 +1.507e+02
+8.400e-01 +2.528e+02 +2.528e+02 +1.456e+02
+9.100e-01 +2.478e+02 +2.478e+02 +1.405e+02
+9.800e-01 +2.435e+02 +2.435e+02 +1.355e+02
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+1.120e+00 +2.376e+02 +2.376e+02 +1.254e+02
+1.190e+00 +2.369e+02 +2.369e+02 +1.203e+02
+1.260e+00 +2.383e+02 +2.383e+02 +1.152e+02
+1.330e+00 +2.425e+02 +2.425e+02 +1.101e+02
+1.400e+00 +2.506e+02 +2.506e+02 +1.049e+02
+1.470e+00 +2.634e+02 +2.634e+02 +9.995e+01
+1.540e+00 +2.820e+02 +2.820e+02 +9.522e+01
+1.610e+00 +3.066e+02 +3.066e+02 +9.092e+01
+1.680e+00 +3.364e+02 +3.364e+02 +8.740e+01
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+2.730e+00 +3.011e+02 +3.011e+02 +3.119e+02


+0.000e+00 +3.287e+01 +3.287e+01 +2.027e+01
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+1.400e+00 +3.905e+02 +3.905e+02 +1.702e+02
+1.470e+00 +4.206e+02 +4.206e+02 +1.848e+02
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+1.610e+00 +4.742e+02 +4.742e+02 +2.178e+02
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+1.750e+00 +5.012e+02 +5.012e+02 +2.574e+02
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+2.030e+00 +4.555e+02 +4.555e+02 +3.596e+02


+2.100e+00 +4.397e+02 +4.397e+02 +3.865e+02
+2.170e+00 +4.278e+02 +4.278e+02 +4.102e+02
+2.240e+00 +4.206e+02 +4.206e+02 +4.273e+02
+2.310e+00 +4.183e+02 +4.183e+02 +4.349e+02
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+2.660e+00 +4.667e+02 +4.667e+02 +3.615e+02
+2.730e+00 +4.861e+02 +4.861e+02 +3.446e+02

(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+0.000e+00 +2.387e+00 +9.155e+00
+7.000e-02 +2.360e+00 +7.921e+00
+1.400e-01 +2.322e+00 +8.945e+00
+2.100e-01 +2.331e+00 +9.690e+00
+2.800e-01 +2.365e+00 +1.022e+01
+3.500e-01 +2.334e+00 +1.048e+01
+4.200e-01 +2.328e+00 +1.081e+01
+4.900e-01 +2.357e+00 +1.111e+01
+5.600e-01 +2.352e+00 +1.137e+01
+6.300e-01 +2.367e+00 +1.161e+01
+7.000e-01 +2.386e+00 +1.180e+01
+7.700e-01 +2.397e+00 +1.198e+01
+8.400e-01 +2.415e+00 +1.213e+01
+9.100e-01 +2.429e+00 +1.228e+01
+9.800e-01 +2.444e+00 +1.240e+01
+1.050e+00 +2.458e+00 +1.250e+01
+1.120e+00 +2.469e+00 +1.261e+01
+1.190e+00 +2.480e+00 +1.270e+01
+1.260e+00 +2.489e+00 +1.278e+01


(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+1.330e+00 +2.497e+00 +1.286e+01
+1.400e+00 +2.503e+00 +1.292e+01
+1.470e+00 +2.508e+00 +1.297e+01
+1.540e+00 +2.511e+00 +1.302e+01
+1.610e+00 +2.513e+00 +1.306e+01
+1.680e+00 +2.513e+00 +1.310e+01
+1.750e+00 +2.513e+00 +1.314e+01
+1.820e+00 +2.510e+00 +1.318e+01
+1.890e+00 +2.507e+00 +1.321e+01
+1.960e+00 +2.502e+00 +1.324e+01
+2.030e+00 +2.496e+00 +1.326e+01
+2.100e+00 +2.489e+00 +1.328e+01
+2.170e+00 +2.481e+00 +1.329e+01
+2.240e+00 +2.472e+00 +1.331e+01
+2.310e+00 +2.461e+00 +1.333e+01
+2.380e+00 +2.450e+00 +1.336e+01
+2.450e+00 +2.437e+00 +1.339e+01
+2.520e+00 +2.424e+00 +1.341e+01
+2.590e+00 +2.410e+00 +1.345e+01
+2.660e+00 +2.395e+00 +1.348e+01
+2.730e+00 +2.378e+00 +1.352e+01

(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+0.000e+00 +2.387e+00 +9.155e+00
+7.000e-02 +2.360e+00 +7.921e+00
+1.400e-01 +2.322e+00 +8.945e+00
+2.100e-01 +2.331e+00 +9.690e+00
+2.800e-01 +2.365e+00 +1.022e+01
+3.500e-01 +2.334e+00 +1.048e+01
+4.200e-01 +2.328e+00 +1.081e+01
+4.900e-01 +2.357e+00 +1.111e+01


(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+5.600e-01 +2.352e+00 +1.137e+01
+6.300e-01 +2.367e+00 +1.161e+01
+7.000e-01 +2.386e+00 +1.180e+01
+7.700e-01 +2.397e+00 +1.198e+01
+8.400e-01 +2.415e+00 +1.213e+01
+9.100e-01 +2.429e+00 +1.228e+01
+9.800e-01 +2.444e+00 +1.240e+01
+1.050e+00 +2.458e+00 +1.250e+01
+1.120e+00 +2.469e+00 +1.261e+01
+1.190e+00 +2.480e+00 +1.270e+01
+1.260e+00 +2.489e+00 +1.278e+01
+1.330e+00 +2.497e+00 +1.286e+01
+1.400e+00 +2.503e+00 +1.292e+01
+1.470e+00 +2.508e+00 +1.297e+01
+1.540e+00 +2.511e+00 +1.302e+01
+1.610e+00 +2.513e+00 +1.306e+01
+1.680e+00 +2.513e+00 +1.310e+01
+1.750e+00 +2.513e+00 +1.314e+01
+1.820e+00 +2.510e+00 +1.318e+01
+1.890e+00 +2.507e+00 +1.321e+01
+1.960e+00 +2.502e+00 +1.324e+01
+2.030e+00 +2.496e+00 +1.326e+01
+2.100e+00 +2.489e+00 +1.328e+01
+2.170e+00 +2.481e+00 +1.329e+01
+2.240e+00 +2.472e+00 +1.331e+01
+2.310e+00 +2.461e+00 +1.333e+01
+2.380e+00 +2.450e+00 +1.336e+01
+2.450e+00 +2.437e+00 +1.339e+01
+2.520e+00 +2.424e+00 +1.341e+01
+2.590e+00 +2.410e+00 +1.345e+01
+2.660e+00 +2.395e+00 +1.348e+01
+2.730e+00 +2.378e+00 +1.352e+01


(Hz) () () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +3.570e-01
+7.000e-02 +1.268e+00 +1.268e+00 +3.990e-01
+1.400e-01 +3.246e+00 +3.246e+00 +3.107e-01
+2.100e-01 +1.576e+00 +1.576e+00 +2.531e-01
+2.800e-01 +8.502e-01 +8.502e-01 +2.085e-01
+3.500e-01 +8.782e-01 +8.782e-01 +1.634e-01
+4.200e-01 +1.044e+00 +1.044e+00 +1.190e-01
+4.900e-01 +5.536e-01 +5.536e-01 +9.032e-02
+5.600e-01 +3.955e-01 +3.955e-01 +6.762e-02
+6.300e-01 +3.232e-01 +3.232e-01 +5.096e-02
+7.000e-01 +1.660e-01 +1.660e-01 +3.846e-02
+7.700e-01 +7.927e-02 +7.927e-02 +2.925e-02
+8.400e-01 +3.868e-02 +3.868e-02 +2.235e-02
+9.100e-01 +1.494e-02 +1.494e-02 +1.712e-02
+9.800e-01 +6.214e-03 +6.214e-03 +1.315e-02
+1.050e+00 +4.382e-03 +4.382e-03 +9.983e-03
+1.120e+00 +1.748e-03 +1.748e-03 +7.640e-03
+1.190e+00 +7.460e-04 +7.460e-04 +6.062e-03
+1.260e+00 +1.837e-04 +1.837e-04 +5.092e-03
+1.330e+00 +3.220e-04 +3.220e-04 +4.567e-03
+1.400e+00 +4.727e-04 +4.727e-04 +4.265e-03
+1.470e+00 +3.869e-04 +3.869e-04 +4.079e-03
+1.540e+00 +3.254e-04 +3.254e-04 +3.923e-03
+1.610e+00 +2.524e-04 +2.524e-04 +3.762e-03
+1.680e+00 +1.808e-04 +1.808e-04 +3.584e-03
+1.750e+00 +1.695e-04 +1.695e-04 +3.370e-03
+1.820e+00 +1.501e-04 +1.501e-04 +3.120e-03
+1.890e+00 +1.307e-04 +1.307e-04 +2.845e-03
+1.960e+00 +1.072e-04 +1.072e-04 +2.547e-03
+2.030e+00 +6.857e-05 +6.857e-05 +2.236e-03


(Hz) () () ()
+2.100e+00 +4.408e-05 +4.408e-05 +1.960e-03
+2.170e+00 +4.510e-05 +4.510e-05 +1.781e-03
+2.240e+00 +5.920e-05 +5.920e-05 +1.718e-03
+2.310e+00 +7.118e-05 +7.118e-05 +1.725e-03
+2.380e+00 +7.373e-05 +7.373e-05 +1.730e-03
+2.450e+00 +6.533e-05 +6.533e-05 +1.710e-03
+2.520e+00 +5.129e-05 +5.129e-05 +1.666e-03
+2.590e+00 +3.194e-05 +3.194e-05 +1.605e-03
+2.660e+00 +1.465e-05 +1.465e-05 +1.536e-03
+2.730e+00 +6.031e-06 +6.031e-06 +1.460e-03

(Hz) () () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +2.938e+03
+7.000e-02 +1.001e+00 +1.001e+00 +3.472e+03
+1.400e-01 +1.001e+00 +1.001e+00 +3.182e+03
+2.100e-01 +9.902e-01 +9.902e-01 +3.369e+03
+2.800e-01 +9.571e-01 +9.571e-01 +3.928e+03
+3.500e-01 +9.070e-01 +9.070e-01 +4.682e+03
+4.200e-01 +8.077e-01 +8.077e-01 +5.499e+03
+4.900e-01 +6.911e-01 +6.911e-01 +7.043e+03
+5.600e-01 +5.752e-01 +5.752e-01 +9.222e+03
+6.300e-01 +4.155e-01 +4.155e-01 +1.248e+04
+7.000e-01 +2.844e-01 +2.844e-01 +1.725e+04
+7.700e-01 +1.889e-01 +1.889e-01 +2.433e+04
+8.400e-01 +8.770e-02 +8.770e-02 +3.475e+04
+9.100e-01 +5.475e-02 +5.475e-02 +4.994e+04
+9.800e-01 +5.896e-02 +5.896e-02 +7.198e+04
+1.050e+00 +6.009e-02 +6.009e-02 +1.023e+05
+1.120e+00 +4.934e-02 +4.934e-02 +1.458e+05
+1.190e+00 +2.834e-02 +2.834e-02 +2.138e+05
+1.260e+00 +9.728e-03 +9.728e-03 +3.292e+05


(Hz) () () ()
+1.330e+00 +2.556e-02 +2.556e-02 +5.356e+05
+1.400e+00 +4.095e-02 +4.095e-02 +8.975e+05
+1.470e+00 +4.848e-02 +4.848e-02 +1.522e+06
+1.540e+00 +4.717e-02 +4.717e-02 +2.561e+06
+1.610e+00 +4.210e-02 +4.210e-02 +4.240e+06
+1.680e+00 +3.913e-02 +3.913e-02 +6.876e+06
+1.750e+00 +3.861e-02 +3.861e-02 +1.085e+07
+1.820e+00 +4.119e-02 +4.119e-02 +1.661e+07
+1.890e+00 +4.161e-02 +4.161e-02 +2.466e+07
+1.960e+00 +3.587e-02 +3.587e-02 +3.541e+07
+2.030e+00 +2.736e-02 +2.736e-02 +4.909e+07
+2.100e+00 +1.906e-02 +1.906e-02 +6.690e+07
+2.170e+00 +2.090e-02 +2.090e-02 +9.301e+07
+2.240e+00 +3.164e-02 +3.164e-02 +1.352e+08
+2.310e+00 +4.001e-02 +4.001e-02 +2.011e+08
+2.380e+00 +4.491e-02 +4.491e-02 +2.942e+08
+2.450e+00 +4.445e-02 +4.445e-02 +4.173e+08
+2.520e+00 +3.632e-02 +3.632e-02 +5.740e+08
+2.590e+00 +2.452e-02 +2.452e-02 +7.685e+08
+2.660e+00 +1.228e-02 +1.228e-02 +1.005e+09
+2.730e+00 +5.244e-03 +5.244e-03 +1.284e+09

(Hz) () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +2.366e-01
+7.000e-02 +1.267e+00 +2.468e-01
+1.400e-01 +3.243e+00 +2.105e-01
+2.100e-01 +1.583e+00 +1.798e-01
+2.800e-01 +8.691e-01 +1.468e-01
+3.500e-01 +9.174e-01 +1.175e-01
+4.200e-01 +1.150e+00 +9.224e-02
+4.900e-01 +6.486e-01 +7.341e-02


(Hz) () ()
+5.600e-01 +4.912e-01 +5.807e-02
+6.300e-01 +4.622e-01 +4.618e-02
+7.000e-01 +2.793e-01 +3.696e-02
+7.700e-01 +1.584e-01 +2.989e-02
+8.400e-01 +1.247e-01 +2.435e-02
+9.100e-01 +5.791e-02 +2.002e-02
+9.800e-01 +1.762e-02 +1.660e-02
+1.050e+00 +9.179e-03 +1.381e-02
+1.120e+00 +3.588e-03 +1.153e-02
+1.190e+00 +1.983e-03 +9.681e-03
+1.260e+00 +1.027e-03 +8.173e-03
+1.330e+00 +5.388e-04 +6.934e-03
+1.400e+00 +3.951e-04 +5.922e-03
+1.470e+00 +2.385e-04 +5.103e-03
+1.540e+00 +1.624e-04 +4.472e-03
+1.610e+00 +9.670e-05 +4.000e-03
+1.680e+00 +6.349e-05 +3.631e-03
+1.750e+00 +7.001e-05 +3.342e-03
+1.820e+00 +6.721e-05 +3.131e-03
+1.890e+00 +5.903e-05 +2.977e-03
+1.960e+00 +4.924e-05 +2.852e-03
+2.030e+00 +3.579e-05 +2.741e-03
+2.100e+00 +3.022e-05 +2.619e-03
+2.170e+00 +2.646e-05 +2.479e-03
+2.240e+00 +2.276e-05 +2.331e-03
+2.310e+00 +2.432e-05 +2.193e-03
+2.380e+00 +2.766e-05 +2.073e-03
+2.450e+00 +2.987e-05 +1.972e-03
+2.520e+00 +3.116e-05 +1.885e-03
+2.590e+00 +2.813e-05 +1.811e-03
+2.660e+00 +2.237e-05 +1.747e-03
+2.730e+00 +1.566e-05 +1.694e-03


(Hz) () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.947e+03
+7.000e-02 +1.000e+00 +2.147e+03
+1.400e-01 +1.000e+00 +2.156e+03
+2.100e-01 +9.949e-01 +2.393e+03
+2.800e-01 +9.783e-01 +2.767e+03
+3.500e-01 +9.474e-01 +3.368e+03
+4.200e-01 +8.894e-01 +4.261e+03
+4.900e-01 +8.098e-01 +5.725e+03
+5.600e-01 +7.145e-01 +7.920e+03
+6.300e-01 +5.940e-01 +1.131e+04
+7.000e-01 +4.783e-01 +1.658e+04
+7.700e-01 +3.773e-01 +2.486e+04
+8.400e-01 +2.827e-01 +3.787e+04
+9.100e-01 +2.122e-01 +5.841e+04
+9.800e-01 +1.672e-01 +9.087e+04
+1.050e+00 +1.259e-01 +1.415e+05
+1.120e+00 +1.013e-01 +2.199e+05
+1.190e+00 +7.535e-02 +3.415e+05
+1.260e+00 +5.441e-02 +5.283e+05
+1.330e+00 +4.277e-02 +8.133e+05
+1.400e+00 +3.423e-02 +1.246e+06
+1.470e+00 +2.988e-02 +1.904e+06
+1.540e+00 +2.354e-02 +2.919e+06
+1.610e+00 +1.613e-02 +4.508e+06
+1.680e+00 +1.375e-02 +6.966e+06
+1.750e+00 +1.595e-02 +1.076e+07
+1.820e+00 +1.845e-02 +1.667e+07
+1.890e+00 +1.879e-02 +2.581e+07
+1.960e+00 +1.647e-02 +3.966e+07
+2.030e+00 +1.428e-02 +6.017e+07


(Hz) () ()
+2.100e+00 +1.307e-02 +8.940e+07
+2.170e+00 +1.226e-02 +1.295e+08
+2.240e+00 +1.216e-02 +1.834e+08
+2.310e+00 +1.367e-02 +2.556e+08
+2.380e+00 +1.685e-02 +3.526e+08
+2.450e+00 +2.032e-02 +4.813e+08
+2.520e+00 +2.207e-02 +6.498e+08
+2.590e+00 +2.160e-02 +8.671e+08
+2.660e+00 +1.874e-02 +1.143e+09
+2.730e+00 +1.361e-02 +1.490e+09

(Hz) () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.215e-04
+7.000e-02 +1.267e+00 +1.149e-04
+1.400e-01 +3.242e+00 +9.762e-05
+2.100e-01 +1.591e+00 +7.514e-05
+2.800e-01 +8.883e-01 +5.307e-05
+3.500e-01 +9.683e-01 +3.490e-05
+4.200e-01 +1.293e+00 +2.165e-05
+4.900e-01 +8.010e-01 +1.282e-05
+5.600e-01 +6.875e-01 +7.332e-06
+6.300e-01 +7.780e-01 +4.082e-06
+7.000e-01 +5.839e-01 +2.230e-06
+7.700e-01 +4.197e-01 +1.202e-06
+8.400e-01 +4.410e-01 +6.431e-07
+9.100e-01 +2.729e-01 +3.427e-07
+9.800e-01 +1.054e-01 +1.826e-07
+1.050e+00 +7.293e-02 +9.759e-08
+1.120e+00 +3.542e-02 +5.241e-08
+1.190e+00 +2.632e-02 +2.835e-08
+1.260e+00 +1.888e-02 +1.547e-08


(Hz) () ()
+1.330e+00 +1.260e-02 +8.526e-09
+1.400e+00 +1.154e-02 +4.752e-09
+1.470e+00 +7.982e-03 +2.681e-09
+1.540e+00 +6.899e-03 +1.532e-09
+1.610e+00 +5.996e-03 +8.874e-10
+1.680e+00 +4.619e-03 +5.212e-10
+1.750e+00 +4.390e-03 +3.106e-10
+1.820e+00 +3.643e-03 +1.879e-10
+1.890e+00 +3.141e-03 +1.154e-10
+1.960e+00 +2.990e-03 +7.193e-11
+2.030e+00 +2.507e-03 +4.555e-11
+2.100e+00 +2.313e-03 +2.930e-11
+2.170e+00 +2.158e-03 +1.915e-11
+2.240e+00 +1.871e-03 +1.271e-11
+2.310e+00 +1.779e-03 +8.577e-12
+2.380e+00 +1.642e-03 +5.880e-12
+2.450e+00 +1.470e-03 +4.097e-12
+2.520e+00 +1.412e-03 +2.901e-12
+2.590e+00 +1.303e-03 +2.089e-12
+2.660e+00 +1.193e-03 +1.528e-12
+2.730e+00 +1.150e-03 +1.137e-12
Comparison
In this section we compare the vertical stiffness and damping with the results of (Kaynia & Kausel, 1982).
The vertical stiffness of pile group is normalized as
𝑅𝑒(𝐾𝑧𝑧 )
̂𝑧𝑧 =
𝐾
𝑅𝑒(𝐾𝑧𝑧 (𝑎0 = 0))
and the vertical damping of pile group is normalized as
𝐶𝑧𝑧
𝐶̂𝑧𝑧 = 𝑠 (𝑎
4 ⋅ 𝑅𝑒(𝐾𝑧𝑧 0 = 0))

𝑠
In the above, 𝐾𝑧𝑧 is the vertical stiffness of the pile group, 𝐾𝑧𝑧 is the vertical stiffness of a single pile,
𝜔𝑑
𝑎0 = 𝐶𝑠
is the normalized frequency, 𝑑 is the pile diameter, 𝐶𝑠 is the shear-wave velocity of the soil, and
𝐾𝑧𝑧 (𝑎0 = 0) is the vertical stiffness of the pile group at normalized frequency of 0. The normalized
stiffness and damping are shown in Figure 4-15 and Figure 4-16, respectively.
Normalized Vertical Stiffness

10
Dynapile 2016
9
Kaynia (1982)
6
Kzz/Kzz(a0=0)
0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
a0 = wd/Cs
Figure 4-15 Normalized real part of vertical translation stiffness

Normalized Vertical Damping

10
Dynapile 2016
9
Kaynia (1982)
6
Czz/(4 Kzz(a0=0))
0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
a0 = wd/Cs
Figure 4-16 Normalized vertical damping of pile group

4.5 Example 5
In this example, we wish to investigate the response of a superstructure supported by a pile group in the
frequency domain. We consider a superstructure with a mass of 35 Mg, and a horizontal stiffness of 5640
kN/m supported on a 5 × 5 pile group. Piles have an elastic modulus of 𝐸 = 2.048 × 108 kPa, density
𝜌 = 7850 kg/m3, poisons ratio of 𝜈 = 0.3, moment of inertia of 𝐼 = 1.086 × 10−4 m4, and a cross-
sectional area of 𝐴 = 1.38 × 10−2 m2.

Table 4-4 Soil layer properties in Example 5
Layer Label Shear Wave Density Poisson’s Damping Depth Sublayers

Index Velocity (kg/m^3) Ratio Ratio (m)
(m/s)
1 Soft clay 130 1830 0.25 0 2 2
2 Fine sand 140 1830 0.25 0 2 2
3 Stiff clay 300 2039 0.25 0 8 8
4 Silty sand 240 1940 0.25 0 4 4
5 Silty clay 300 1830 0.25 0 4 4
6 Weathered 200 2040 0.25 0 5 5

shale
7 Dense sand 300 2040 0.25 0 5 5


9. Start Dynapile
a. Label: steel
b. Density: 7850 kg/m3
d. Damping: 0.00
e. Elastic Modulus: 2.048 kPa
ii. Click the button and add the soil layers listed in Table 4-4
1. Select general section in the Add Section window
ii. Moment of inertia: 0.0001086 m4
iii. Area: 0.0138 m2
iv. Effective Diameter: 0.346 m
i. Create the layer configuration tabulated in Table 4-4
e. Material: steel
g. Length: 30.0 (m)
f. Navigate to the Superstructure tab and enable the Superstructure option.
i. Enter the following entries
1. Kx: 5640 kN/m

2. Mass: 35 Mg
3. Height: 1 m
4. Fx: 100 kN
5. Fz: 100 kN
g. Navigate to the Options tab ( )
h. Click “OK” to close Project Data window. The layout shown in Figure 4-18 should

Results
Input Data
Soil Properties
(m) (m/s) (kPa) (kPa) (kg/m^3) (%)
layer1 2 2 130 3.093e+04 7.732e+04 1830 0.25 0
layer2 2 2 140 3.587e+04 8.967e+04 1830 0.25 0
layer3 8 8 300 1.835e+05 4.588e+05 2039 0.25 0
layer4 4 4 240 1.117e+05 2.794e+05 1940 0.25 0
layer5 4 4 300 1.647e+05 4.118e+05 1830 0.25 0


(m) (m/s) (kPa) (kPa) (kg/m^3) (%)
layer6 5 5 200 8.16e+04 2.04e+05 2040 0.25 0
layer7 5 5 300 1.836e+05 4.59e+05 2040 0.25 0
Pile Properties
Elastic Modulus (kPa) 2.048e+08
Poisson's Ratio 0.3
Damping Ratio (%) 0
Pile Layout
Number Label L/D
m m m
1 Pile1 -6 -6 30 86.78
2 Pile2 -6 -3 30 86.78
3 Pile3 -6 0 30 86.78
4 Pile4 -6 3 30 86.78
5 Pile5 -6 6 30 86.78
6 Pile6 -3 -6 30 86.78
7 Pile7 -3 -3 30 86.78
8 Pile8 -3 0 30 86.78
9 Pile9 -3 3 30 86.78
10 Pile10 -3 6 30 86.78
11 Pile11 0 -6 30 86.78
12 Pile12 0 -3 30 86.78
13 Pile13 0 0 30 86.78
14 Pile14 0 3 30 86.78
15 Pile15 0 6 30 86.78
16 Pile16 3 -6 30 86.78
17 Pile17 3 -3 30 86.78
18 Pile18 3 0 30 86.78


Number Label L/D
m m m
19 Pile19 3 3 30 86.78
20 Pile20 3 6 30 86.78
21 Pile21 6 -6 30 86.78
22 Pile22 6 -3 30 86.78
23 Pile23 6 0 30 86.78
24 Pile24 6 3 30 86.78
25 Pile25 6 6 30 86.78
Superstructure properties
Superstructure Mass (kg) 3.5000e+04
Height (m) 1.0000e+00
Superstructure Forces and Moments

x y z
Force (kN) 1.0000e+02 0.0000e+00 1.0000e+02
Moment (kN-m) 0.0000e+00 0.0000e+00 0.0000e+00
Stiffness (kN/m) 5.6400e+03 0.0000e+00 5.6400e+03
Damping Ratio (%) 0.0000e+00 0.0000e+00 0.0000e+00
Output Data

Freq Re(Kxx) Re(Kxy) Re(Kyy) Re(Kzz)
(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+0.000e+00 +1.429e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.429e+06 +6.519e+06
+1.000e+00 +1.404e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.404e+06 +6.355e+06
+2.000e+00 +1.264e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.264e+06 +5.789e+06
+3.000e+00 +1.285e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.285e+06 +4.381e+06
+4.000e+00 +1.261e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.261e+06 +1.900e+06
+5.000e+00 +1.247e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.247e+06 +3.967e+06
+6.000e+00 +1.158e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.158e+06 +5.340e+06
+7.000e+00 +8.557e+05 +0.000e+00 +8.557e+05 +6.520e+06
+8.000e+00 +8.967e+05 +0.000e+00 +8.967e+05 +7.462e+06
+9.000e+00 +1.003e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.003e+06 +9.119e+06

Freq Re(Kxx) Re(Kxy) Re(Kyy) Re(Kzz)

+1.000e+01 +2.263e+05 +0.000e+00 +2.263e+05 +7.754e+06
+1.100e+01 +4.019e+05 +0.000e+00 +4.019e+05 +9.887e+06
+1.200e+01 +1.207e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.207e+06 +5.391e+07
+1.300e+01 +3.276e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.276e+06 +1.268e+07
+1.400e+01 +2.105e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.105e+06 +1.783e+07
+1.500e+01 +2.710e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.710e+06 +1.871e+07
+1.600e+01 +3.715e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.715e+06 +1.839e+07
+1.700e+01 +3.691e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.691e+06 +2.172e+07
+1.800e+01 +2.846e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.846e+06 +2.101e+07
+1.900e+01 +3.815e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.815e+06 +2.126e+07
+2.000e+01 +3.980e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.980e+06 +2.058e+07
+2.100e+01 +3.589e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.589e+06 +2.008e+07
+2.200e+01 +2.793e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.793e+06 +1.994e+07
+2.300e+01 +2.896e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.896e+06 +1.944e+07
+2.400e+01 +3.195e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.195e+06 +2.004e+07
+2.500e+01 +3.100e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.100e+06 +2.040e+07
+2.600e+01 +1.577e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.577e+06 +2.037e+07
+2.700e+01 +2.810e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.810e+06 +1.988e+07
+2.800e+01 +3.972e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.972e+06 +1.917e+07
+2.900e+01 +3.625e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.625e+06 +1.861e+07

Freq Im(Kxx) Im(Kxy) Im(Kyy) Im(Kzz)
+0.000e+00 +1.544e-07 +0.000e+00 +1.544e-07 +8.746e-07
+1.000e+00 +1.699e-07 +0.000e+00 +1.699e-07 +8.146e-07
+2.000e+00 +1.572e-07 +0.000e+00 +1.572e-07 +6.871e-07
+3.000e+00 +1.770e+05 +0.000e+00 +1.770e+05 +1.523e+01
+4.000e+00 +3.168e+05 +0.000e+00 +3.168e+05 +4.416e+06
+5.000e+00 +3.454e+05 +0.000e+00 +3.454e+05 +6.344e+06
+6.000e+00 +3.609e+05 +0.000e+00 +3.609e+05 +7.576e+06
+7.000e+00 +6.318e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.318e+05 +8.299e+06
+8.000e+00 +9.122e+05 +0.000e+00 +9.122e+05 +9.243e+06

Freq Im(Kxx) Im(Kxy) Im(Kyy) Im(Kzz)

+9.000e+00 +1.076e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.076e+06 +1.004e+07
+1.000e+01 +1.195e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.195e+06 +9.144e+06
+1.100e+01 +2.285e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.285e+06 +1.193e+07
+1.200e+01 +3.455e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.455e+06 +2.915e+07
+1.300e+01 +3.088e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.088e+06 +1.585e+07
+1.400e+01 +2.560e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.560e+06 +1.344e+07
+1.500e+01 +3.017e+06 +0.000e+00 +3.017e+06 +1.072e+07
+1.600e+01 +2.590e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.590e+06 +9.847e+06
+1.700e+01 +1.555e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.555e+06 +9.482e+06
+1.800e+01 +1.895e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.895e+06 +8.402e+06
+1.900e+01 +1.875e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.875e+06 +6.440e+06
+2.000e+01 +1.098e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.098e+06 +5.250e+06
+2.100e+01 +5.674e+05 +0.000e+00 +5.674e+05 +4.824e+06
+2.200e+01 +2.424e+05 +0.000e+00 +2.424e+05 +4.452e+06
+2.300e+01 +1.254e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.254e+06 +4.041e+06
+2.400e+01 +1.081e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.081e+06 +4.334e+06
+2.500e+01 +6.796e+05 +0.000e+00 +6.796e+05 +3.568e+06
+2.600e+01 +1.033e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.033e+06 +2.594e+06
+2.700e+01 +2.204e+06 +0.000e+00 +2.204e+06 +1.854e+06
+2.800e+01 +1.595e+06 +0.000e+00 +1.595e+06 +1.345e+06
+2.900e+01 +4.399e+05 +0.000e+00 +4.399e+05 +1.208e+06

Freq Re(Kxry) Re(Kxrx) Re(Kyrx) Re(Kzry)
(Hz) (kN/rad) (kN/rad) (kN/rad) (kN/rad)
+0.000e+00 +7.899e+06 -7.899e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.000e+00 +7.761e+06 -7.761e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.000e+00 +7.029e+06 -7.029e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.000e+00 +7.029e+06 -7.029e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+4.000e+00 +6.660e+06 -6.660e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.000e+00 +6.614e+06 -6.614e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+6.000e+00 +6.224e+06 -6.224e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+7.000e+00 +4.802e+06 -4.802e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

Freq Re(Kxry) Re(Kxrx) Re(Kyrx) Re(Kzry)

+8.000e+00 +4.908e+06 -4.908e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.000e+00 +5.243e+06 -5.243e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.000e+01 +1.794e+06 -1.794e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.100e+01 +1.681e+06 -1.681e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.200e+01 +1.640e+07 -1.640e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.300e+01 +1.283e+07 -1.283e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.400e+01 +1.034e+07 -1.034e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.500e+01 +1.501e+07 -1.501e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.600e+01 +2.090e+07 -2.090e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.700e+01 +2.172e+07 -2.172e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.800e+01 +1.819e+07 -1.819e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.900e+01 +2.255e+07 -2.255e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.000e+01 +2.420e+07 -2.420e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.100e+01 +2.375e+07 -2.375e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.200e+01 +2.119e+07 -2.119e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.300e+01 +2.107e+07 -2.107e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.400e+01 +2.167e+07 -2.167e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.500e+01 +2.131e+07 -2.131e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.600e+01 +1.677e+07 -1.677e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.700e+01 +2.033e+07 -2.033e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.800e+01 +2.273e+07 -2.273e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.900e+01 +2.213e+07 -2.213e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

Freq Im(Kxry) Im(Kxrx) Im(Kyrx) Im(Kzry)
+0.000e+00 -2.438e-06 +2.438e-06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.000e+00 -2.202e-06 +2.202e-06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.000e+00 -2.322e-06 +2.322e-06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+3.000e+00 +8.436e+05 -8.436e+05 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+4.000e+00 +1.755e+06 -1.755e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+5.000e+00 +2.102e+06 -2.102e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+6.000e+00 +2.348e+06 -2.348e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

Freq Im(Kxry) Im(Kxrx) Im(Kyrx) Im(Kzry)

+7.000e+00 +3.676e+06 -3.676e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+8.000e+00 +5.099e+06 -5.099e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+9.000e+00 +6.075e+06 -6.075e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.000e+01 +6.417e+06 -6.417e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.100e+01 +1.165e+07 -1.165e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.200e+01 +1.380e+07 -1.380e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.300e+01 +1.934e+07 -1.934e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.400e+01 +1.761e+07 -1.761e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.500e+01 +2.002e+07 -2.002e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.600e+01 +1.749e+07 -1.749e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.700e+01 +1.211e+07 -1.211e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.800e+01 +1.277e+07 -1.277e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+1.900e+01 +1.293e+07 -1.293e+07 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.000e+01 +9.682e+06 -9.682e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.100e+01 +6.738e+06 -6.738e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.200e+01 +4.027e+06 -4.027e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.300e+01 +6.846e+06 -6.846e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.400e+01 +5.792e+06 -5.792e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.500e+01 +4.355e+06 -4.355e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.600e+01 +5.470e+06 -5.470e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.700e+01 +6.731e+06 -6.731e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.800e+01 +5.342e+06 -5.342e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00
+2.900e+01 +1.985e+06 -1.985e+06 +0.000e+00 +0.000e+00

+0.000e+00 +1.851e+08 +1.851e+08 +1.120e+08
+1.000e+00 +1.840e+08 +1.840e+08 +1.115e+08
+2.000e+00 +1.803e+08 +1.803e+08 +1.099e+08
+3.000e+00 +1.719e+08 +1.719e+08 +1.069e+08
+4.000e+00 +1.590e+08 +1.590e+08 +1.027e+08
+5.000e+00 +1.595e+08 +1.595e+08 +9.751e+07


+6.000e+00 +1.586e+08 +1.586e+08 +9.049e+07
+7.000e+00 +1.575e+08 +1.575e+08 +8.075e+07
+8.000e+00 +1.562e+08 +1.562e+08 +7.242e+07
+9.000e+00 +1.555e+08 +1.555e+08 +6.656e+07
+1.000e+01 +1.531e+08 +1.531e+08 +6.211e+07
+1.100e+01 +1.506e+08 +1.506e+08 +6.187e+07
+1.200e+01 +2.225e+08 +2.225e+08 +7.809e+07
+1.300e+01 +1.579e+08 +1.579e+08 +1.035e+08
+1.400e+01 +1.955e+08 +1.955e+08 +1.412e+08
+1.500e+01 +2.511e+08 +2.511e+08 +1.777e+08
+1.600e+01 +2.905e+08 +2.905e+08 +1.981e+08
+1.700e+01 +3.042e+08 +3.042e+08 +1.955e+08
+1.800e+01 +3.059e+08 +3.059e+08 +1.766e+08
+1.900e+01 +3.142e+08 +3.142e+08 +1.617e+08
+2.000e+01 +3.297e+08 +3.297e+08 +1.563e+08
+2.100e+01 +3.532e+08 +3.532e+08 +1.674e+08
+2.200e+01 +3.666e+08 +3.666e+08 +1.884e+08
+2.300e+01 +3.617e+08 +3.617e+08 +1.751e+08
+2.400e+01 +3.500e+08 +3.500e+08 +1.662e+08
+2.500e+01 +3.437e+08 +3.437e+08 +1.639e+08
+2.600e+01 +3.424e+08 +3.424e+08 +1.526e+08
+2.700e+01 +3.299e+08 +3.299e+08 +1.443e+08
+2.800e+01 +3.402e+08 +3.402e+08 +1.600e+08
+2.900e+01 +3.317e+08 +3.317e+08 +1.735e+08

+0.000e+00 -2.356e-05 -2.356e-05 +4.455e-06
+1.000e+00 -2.302e-05 -2.302e-05 +5.805e-06
+2.000e+00 -2.281e-05 -2.281e-05 +1.628e-06
+3.000e+00 -1.079e+02 -1.079e+02 +4.986e+05
+4.000e+00 +1.728e+07 +1.728e+07 +1.833e+06


+5.000e+00 +2.811e+07 +2.811e+07 +3.838e+06
+6.000e+00 +3.825e+07 +3.825e+07 +7.083e+06
+7.000e+00 +4.868e+07 +4.868e+07 +1.358e+07
+8.000e+00 +6.002e+07 +6.002e+07 +2.540e+07
+9.000e+00 +7.266e+07 +7.266e+07 +4.042e+07
+1.000e+01 +8.438e+07 +8.438e+07 +5.773e+07
+1.100e+01 +1.052e+08 +1.052e+08 +8.178e+07
+1.200e+01 -1.423e+08 -1.423e+08 +1.180e+08
+1.300e+01 +1.687e+08 +1.687e+08 +1.437e+08
+1.400e+01 +2.008e+08 +2.008e+08 +1.479e+08
+1.500e+01 +2.093e+08 +2.093e+08 +1.322e+08
+1.600e+01 +1.862e+08 +1.862e+08 +1.018e+08
+1.700e+01 +1.573e+08 +1.573e+08 +7.143e+07
+1.800e+01 +1.506e+08 +1.506e+08 +5.516e+07
+1.900e+01 +1.481e+08 +1.481e+08 +5.913e+07
+2.000e+01 +1.467e+08 +1.467e+08 +7.058e+07
+2.100e+01 +1.347e+08 +1.347e+08 +8.317e+07
+2.200e+01 +1.065e+08 +1.065e+08 +6.869e+07
+2.300e+01 +8.079e+07 +8.079e+07 +5.342e+07
+2.400e+01 +6.843e+07 +6.843e+07 +5.443e+07
+2.500e+01 +6.364e+07 +6.364e+07 +5.606e+07
+2.600e+01 +5.908e+07 +5.908e+07 +4.801e+07
+2.700e+01 +5.880e+07 +5.880e+07 +7.184e+07
+2.800e+01 +4.105e+07 +4.105e+07 +8.101e+07
+2.900e+01 +3.279e+07 +3.279e+07 +7.193e+07

(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+0.000e+00 +9.478e+04 +5.202e+05
+1.000e+00 +9.455e+04 +5.184e+05
+2.000e+00 +9.350e+04 +5.122e+05
+3.000e+00 +9.308e+04 +4.933e+05


(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+4.000e+00 +9.224e+04 +5.202e+05
+5.000e+00 +9.099e+04 +5.245e+05
+6.000e+00 +8.891e+04 +5.247e+05
+7.000e+00 +8.653e+04 +5.225e+05
+8.000e+00 +8.573e+04 +5.203e+05
+9.000e+00 +8.480e+04 +5.173e+05
+1.000e+01 +8.533e+04 +5.100e+05
+1.100e+01 +8.756e+04 +5.107e+05
+1.200e+01 +9.035e+04 +5.269e+05
+1.300e+01 +8.975e+04 +5.145e+05
+1.400e+01 +8.949e+04 +5.201e+05
+1.500e+01 +9.060e+04 +5.280e+05
+1.600e+01 +9.167e+04 +5.352e+05
+1.700e+01 +9.225e+04 +5.427e+05
+1.800e+01 +9.228e+04 +5.461e+05
+1.900e+01 +9.323e+04 +5.498e+05
+2.000e+01 +9.367e+04 +5.528e+05
+2.100e+01 +9.375e+04 +5.553e+05
+2.200e+01 +9.312e+04 +5.574e+05
+2.300e+01 +9.247e+04 +5.590e+05
+2.400e+01 +9.224e+04 +5.616e+05
+2.500e+01 +9.176e+04 +5.642e+05
+2.600e+01 +8.860e+04 +5.669e+05
+2.700e+01 +8.888e+04 +5.639e+05
+2.800e+01 +9.087e+04 +5.717e+05
+2.900e+01 +9.186e+04 +5.727e+05

(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+0.000e+00 +9.478e+04 +5.202e+05
+1.000e+00 +9.455e+04 +5.184e+05
+2.000e+00 +9.350e+04 +5.122e+05


(Hz) (kN/m) (kN/m)
+3.000e+00 +9.308e+04 +4.933e+05
+4.000e+00 +9.224e+04 +5.202e+05
+5.000e+00 +9.099e+04 +5.245e+05
+6.000e+00 +8.891e+04 +5.247e+05
+7.000e+00 +8.653e+04 +5.225e+05
+8.000e+00 +8.573e+04 +5.203e+05
+9.000e+00 +8.480e+04 +5.173e+05
+1.000e+01 +8.533e+04 +5.100e+05
+1.100e+01 +8.756e+04 +5.107e+05
+1.200e+01 +9.035e+04 +5.269e+05
+1.300e+01 +8.975e+04 +5.145e+05
+1.400e+01 +8.949e+04 +5.201e+05
+1.500e+01 +9.060e+04 +5.280e+05
+1.600e+01 +9.167e+04 +5.352e+05
+1.700e+01 +9.225e+04 +5.427e+05
+1.800e+01 +9.228e+04 +5.461e+05
+1.900e+01 +9.323e+04 +5.498e+05
+2.000e+01 +9.367e+04 +5.528e+05
+2.100e+01 +9.375e+04 +5.553e+05
+2.200e+01 +9.312e+04 +5.574e+05
+2.300e+01 +9.247e+04 +5.590e+05
+2.400e+01 +9.224e+04 +5.616e+05
+2.500e+01 +9.176e+04 +5.642e+05
+2.600e+01 +8.860e+04 +5.669e+05
+2.700e+01 +8.888e+04 +5.639e+05
+2.800e+01 +9.087e+04 +5.717e+05
+2.900e+01 +9.186e+04 +5.727e+05

(Hz) () () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +6.619e-01
+1.000e+00 +1.363e+00 +1.363e+00 +7.130e-01


(Hz) () () ()
+2.000e+00 +1.229e+01 +1.229e+01 +9.155e-01
+3.000e+00 +1.665e+00 +1.665e+00 +1.550e+00
+4.000e+00 +1.046e+00 +1.046e+00 +7.011e+00
+5.000e+00 +1.205e+00 +1.205e+00 +1.582e+00
+6.000e+00 +2.901e+00 +2.901e+00 +8.962e-01
+7.000e+00 +5.430e+00 +5.430e+00 +6.622e-01
+8.000e+00 +2.268e+00 +2.268e+00 +5.429e-01
+9.000e+00 +3.298e+00 +3.298e+00 +4.185e-01
+1.000e+01 +1.061e+01 +1.061e+01 +1.087e+00
+1.100e+01 +2.217e+00 +2.217e+00 +3.364e+00
+1.200e+01 +1.934e+00 +1.934e+00 +4.673e+00
+1.300e+01 +4.559e+00 +4.559e+00 +1.642e+00
+1.400e+01 +3.455e+00 +3.455e+00 +7.549e-01
+1.500e+01 +1.426e+00 +1.426e+00 +5.682e-01
+1.600e+01 +1.295e+00 +1.295e+00 +7.624e-01
+1.700e+01 +2.303e+00 +2.303e+00 +1.402e+01
+1.800e+01 +5.936e+00 +5.936e+00 +7.578e-01
+1.900e+01 +1.423e+00 +1.423e+00 +5.036e-01
+2.000e+01 +1.103e+00 +1.103e+00 +4.066e-01
+2.100e+01 +1.484e+00 +1.484e+00 +3.560e-01
+2.200e+01 +8.993e+00 +8.993e+00 +4.229e-01
+2.300e+01 +2.183e+00 +2.183e+00 +2.991e+00
+2.400e+01 +1.442e+00 +1.442e+00 +2.165e+00
+2.500e+01 +1.920e+00 +1.920e+00 +9.135e-01
+2.600e+01 +1.488e+01 +1.488e+01 +5.534e-01
+2.700e+01 +2.150e+00 +2.150e+00 +2.701e-01
+2.800e+01 +1.626e+00 +1.626e+00 +2.253e-01
+2.900e+01 +2.954e+00 +2.954e+00 +1.213e-01

(Hz) () () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +6.619e-01


(Hz) () () ()
+1.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +6.476e-01
+2.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +5.954e-01
+3.000e+00 +9.994e-01 +9.994e-01 +4.274e-01
+4.000e+00 +9.978e-01 +9.978e-01 +1.017e+00
+5.000e+00 +9.951e-01 +9.951e-01 +8.444e-01
+6.000e+00 +9.910e-01 +9.910e-01 +7.357e-01
+7.000e+00 +9.859e-01 +9.859e-01 +6.346e-01
+8.000e+00 +9.844e-01 +9.844e-01 +5.046e-01
+9.000e+00 +9.815e-01 +9.815e-01 +3.141e-01
+1.000e+01 +9.979e-01 +9.979e-01 +5.080e-01
+1.100e+01 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +4.853e-01
+1.200e+01 +9.937e-01 +9.937e-01 +7.015e-01
+1.300e+01 +9.794e-01 +9.794e-01 +5.854e-01
+1.400e+01 +9.737e-01 +9.737e-01 +3.301e-01
+1.500e+01 +9.726e-01 +9.726e-01 +2.182e-01
+1.600e+01 +9.574e-01 +9.574e-01 +1.664e-01
+1.700e+01 +9.289e-01 +9.289e-01 +2.068e-01
+1.800e+01 +9.082e-01 +9.082e-01 +1.935e-01
+1.900e+01 +9.016e-01 +9.016e-01 +2.234e-01
+2.000e+01 +8.706e-01 +8.706e-01 +2.162e-01
+2.100e+01 +8.223e-01 +8.223e-01 +1.763e-01
+2.200e+01 +7.112e-01 +7.112e-01 +1.421e-01
+2.300e+01 +7.935e-01 +7.935e-01 +2.527e-01
+2.400e+01 +7.689e-01 +7.689e-01 +4.530e-01
+2.500e+01 +6.819e-01 +6.819e-01 +4.429e-01
+2.600e+01 +6.361e-01 +6.361e-01 +3.790e-01
+2.700e+01 +8.730e-01 +8.730e-01 +2.069e-01
+2.800e+01 +8.047e-01 +8.047e-01 +1.597e-01
+2.900e+01 +6.372e-01 +6.372e-01 +6.321e-02

(Hz) () ()


(Hz) () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00
+1.000e+00 +1.363e+00 +1.093e+00
+2.000e+00 +1.229e+01 +1.490e+00
+3.000e+00 +1.666e+00 +3.361e+00
+4.000e+00 +1.048e+00 +6.166e+00
+5.000e+00 +1.210e+00 +1.577e+00
+6.000e+00 +2.922e+00 +9.517e-01
+7.000e+00 +5.486e+00 +7.428e-01
+8.000e+00 +2.289e+00 +6.839e-01
+9.000e+00 +3.327e+00 +7.341e-01
+1.000e+01 +1.050e+01 +9.796e-01
+1.100e+01 +2.179e+00 +2.628e+00
+1.200e+01 +1.901e+00 +2.059e+00
+1.300e+01 +4.514e+00 +6.964e-01
+1.400e+01 +3.409e+00 +4.225e-01
+1.500e+01 +1.395e+00 +3.897e-01
+1.600e+01 +1.270e+00 +6.056e-01
+1.700e+01 +2.291e+00 +8.396e+00
+1.800e+01 +5.930e+00 +5.817e-01
+1.900e+01 +1.403e+00 +3.904e-01
+2.000e+01 +1.099e+00 +3.723e-01
+2.100e+01 +1.519e+00 +4.437e-01
+2.200e+01 +1.024e+01 +7.016e-01
+2.300e+01 +2.155e+00 +2.848e+00
+2.400e+01 +1.410e+00 +1.191e+00
+2.500e+01 +2.016e+00 +5.490e-01
+2.600e+01 +1.567e+01 +4.065e-01
+2.700e+01 +1.621e+00 +3.061e-01
+2.800e+01 +1.282e+00 +3.919e-01
+2.900e+01 +2.803e+00 +5.049e-01


(Hz) () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00
+1.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +9.924e-01
+2.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +9.693e-01
+3.000e+00 +9.999e-01 +9.265e-01
+4.000e+00 +9.996e-01 +8.947e-01
+5.000e+00 +9.990e-01 +8.422e-01
+6.000e+00 +9.979e-01 +7.813e-01
+7.000e+00 +9.961e-01 +7.119e-01
+8.000e+00 +9.936e-01 +6.356e-01
+9.000e+00 +9.903e-01 +5.510e-01
+1.000e+01 +9.872e-01 +4.579e-01
+1.100e+01 +9.829e-01 +3.791e-01
+1.200e+01 +9.771e-01 +3.090e-01
+1.300e+01 +9.697e-01 +2.482e-01
+1.400e+01 +9.610e-01 +1.847e-01
+1.500e+01 +9.510e-01 +1.497e-01
+1.600e+01 +9.389e-01 +1.321e-01
+1.700e+01 +9.241e-01 +1.238e-01
+1.800e+01 +9.073e-01 +1.486e-01
+1.900e+01 +8.889e-01 +1.732e-01
+2.000e+01 +8.671e-01 +1.980e-01
+2.100e+01 +8.417e-01 +2.197e-01
+2.200e+01 +8.100e-01 +2.358e-01
+2.300e+01 +7.831e-01 +2.407e-01
+2.400e+01 +7.518e-01 +2.492e-01
+2.500e+01 +7.161e-01 +2.662e-01
+2.600e+01 +6.696e-01 +2.783e-01
+2.700e+01 +6.582e-01 +2.344e-01
+2.800e+01 +6.341e-01 +2.777e-01
+2.900e+01 +6.047e-01 +2.630e-01


(Hz) () ()
+0.000e+00 +1.000e+00 +1.000e+00
+1.000e+00 +1.363e+00 +1.101e+00
+2.000e+00 +1.229e+01 +1.538e+00
+3.000e+00 +1.666e+00 +3.627e+00
+4.000e+00 +1.048e+00 +6.891e+00
+5.000e+00 +1.211e+00 +1.873e+00
+6.000e+00 +2.928e+00 +1.218e+00
+7.000e+00 +5.507e+00 +1.043e+00
+8.000e+00 +2.304e+00 +1.076e+00
+9.000e+00 +3.360e+00 +1.332e+00
+1.000e+01 +1.064e+01 +2.139e+00
+1.100e+01 +2.217e+00 +6.932e+00
+1.200e+01 +1.946e+00 +6.662e+00
+1.300e+01 +4.655e+00 +2.806e+00
+1.400e+01 +3.548e+00 +2.287e+00
+1.500e+01 +1.466e+00 +2.604e+00
+1.600e+01 +1.352e+00 +4.583e+00
+1.700e+01 +2.479e+00 +6.780e+01
+1.800e+01 +6.536e+00 +3.916e+00
+1.900e+01 +1.578e+00 +2.254e+00
+2.000e+01 +1.267e+00 +1.880e+00
+2.100e+01 +1.804e+00 +2.020e+00
+2.200e+01 +1.265e+01 +2.976e+00
+2.300e+01 +2.752e+00 +1.184e+01
+2.400e+01 +1.876e+00 +4.779e+00
+2.500e+01 +2.815e+00 +2.063e+00
+2.600e+01 +2.340e+01 +1.460e+00
+2.700e+01 +2.463e+00 +1.306e+00
+2.800e+01 +2.021e+00 +1.411e+00
+2.900e+01 +4.635e+00 +1.920e+00
Foundation Response

Freq Ux Uy Uz
(Hz) (m) (m) (m)
+0.000e+00 +9.939e-05 +0.000e+00 +1.534e-05
+1.000e+00 +1.324e-04 +0.000e+00 +2.085e-05
+2.000e+00 +7.511e-03 +0.000e+00 +9.051e-04
+3.000e+00 +8.076e-05 +0.000e+00 +1.890e-05
+4.000e+00 +3.095e-05 +0.000e+00 +7.120e-06
+5.000e+00 +1.595e-05 +0.000e+00 +2.607e-06
+6.000e+00 +9.720e-06 +0.000e+00 +1.379e-06
+7.000e+00 +7.009e-06 +0.000e+00 +8.607e-07
+8.000e+00 +3.569e-06 +0.000e+00 +5.733e-07
+9.000e+00 +1.922e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.911e-07
+1.000e+01 +2.995e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.548e-07
+1.100e+01 +2.392e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.252e-07
+1.200e+01 +2.854e-06 +0.000e+00 +4.760e-08
+1.300e+01 +2.919e-06 +0.000e+00 +1.219e-07
+1.400e+01 +2.504e-06 +0.000e+00 +9.522e-08
+1.500e+01 +2.466e-06 +0.000e+00 +8.566e-08
+1.600e+01 +2.491e-06 +0.000e+00 +7.765e-08
+1.700e+01 +2.558e-06 +0.000e+00 +6.044e-08
+1.800e+01 +2.568e-06 +0.000e+00 +5.637e-08
+1.900e+01 +2.663e-06 +0.000e+00 +5.148e-08
+2.000e+01 +2.706e-06 +0.000e+00 +4.852e-08
+2.100e+01 +2.728e-06 +0.000e+00 +4.524e-08
+2.200e+01 +2.987e-06 +0.000e+00 +4.162e-08
+2.300e+01 +2.807e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.916e-08
+2.400e+01 +2.809e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.479e-08
+2.500e+01 +3.025e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.173e-08
+2.600e+01 +4.412e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.958e-08
+2.700e+01 +2.572e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.820e-08
+2.800e+01 +2.321e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.723e-08
+2.900e+01 +2.820e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.614e-08
Structure Response

Freq Ux Uy Uz
(Hz) (m) (m) (m)
+0.000e+00 +9.939e-05 +0.000e+00 +1.534e-05
+1.000e+00 +1.324e-04 +0.000e+00 +2.085e-05
+2.000e+00 +7.511e-03 +0.000e+00 +9.051e-04
+3.000e+00 +8.076e-05 +0.000e+00 +1.890e-05
+4.000e+00 +3.095e-05 +0.000e+00 +7.120e-06
+5.000e+00 +1.595e-05 +0.000e+00 +2.607e-06
+6.000e+00 +9.720e-06 +0.000e+00 +1.379e-06
+7.000e+00 +7.009e-06 +0.000e+00 +8.607e-07
+8.000e+00 +3.569e-06 +0.000e+00 +5.733e-07
+9.000e+00 +1.922e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.911e-07
+1.000e+01 +2.995e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.548e-07
+1.100e+01 +2.392e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.252e-07
+1.200e+01 +2.854e-06 +0.000e+00 +4.760e-08
+1.300e+01 +2.919e-06 +0.000e+00 +1.219e-07
+1.400e+01 +2.504e-06 +0.000e+00 +9.522e-08
+1.500e+01 +2.466e-06 +0.000e+00 +8.566e-08
+1.600e+01 +2.491e-06 +0.000e+00 +7.765e-08
+1.700e+01 +2.558e-06 +0.000e+00 +6.044e-08
+1.800e+01 +2.568e-06 +0.000e+00 +5.637e-08
+1.900e+01 +2.663e-06 +0.000e+00 +5.148e-08
+2.000e+01 +2.706e-06 +0.000e+00 +4.852e-08
+2.100e+01 +2.728e-06 +0.000e+00 +4.524e-08
+2.200e+01 +2.987e-06 +0.000e+00 +4.162e-08
+2.300e+01 +2.807e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.916e-08
+2.400e+01 +2.809e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.479e-08
+2.500e+01 +3.025e-06 +0.000e+00 +3.173e-08
+2.600e+01 +4.412e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.958e-08
+2.700e+01 +2.572e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.820e-08
+2.800e+01 +2.321e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.723e-08
+2.900e+01 +2.820e-06 +0.000e+00 +2.614e-08

CHAPTER 5 –References– 5-5
Figure 4-19 Superstructure response in Example 5
Figure 4-20 Foudnation response in Example 5

4.6 Example 6
We reconsider Example 5 in Section 4.5, but this time we wish to consider the response of the
superstructure due to specified ground motion at the bed-rock.

1. Start Dynapile
2. Open Example 5
3. Start entering project data by clicking the Project Data icon ( ) from the main toolbar and
make the following changes
b. Navigate to the Superstructure tab and make the following changes:
i. Fx: 0 kN
ii. Fz: 0 kN
c. Navigate to the Motion tab
i. Enable ground acceleration in the X-direction
ii. Select Bedrock for ‘Motion Location’
iii. Click ‘Import from File’ button and select a ground motion time-record. For
this example, we will use the OLE_CHICHI_CHY029E.dat file that is
available in the Examples/example6 directory. Specify the following
options in the import dialog window (Figure 4-21)
1. Enter ‘3’ under ‘Start at row’ option
2. Unselect ‘Read to end of file’ and enter ‘4099’ under ‘End at row’
3. Unselect ‘Collapse all columns’ and enter ‘2’ under ‘Read column’
4. Select ‘Overwrite existing time increment’ and select ‘0.01 s’ as the
time-increment
5. Select ‘cm/s^2’ as the imported units

Figure 4-21 Selected options for importing acceleration data
6. Click ‘OK’ to import the ground acceleration data to project (Figure

4-22
Figure 4-22 Imported ground acceleration data

d. Click OK to close the Project Data dialog

4. Click ‘Save As’ and save the project as ‘example6’
5. Click run to start the analysis
Results

CHAPTER 5. References
Fan, K., Gazetas, G., Kaynia, A., Kausel, E., & Ahmad, S. (1991). Kinematic seismic response of single
piles and pile groups. J. geotech. eng., 117(12).
Gazetas, G., Fan, K., Tazoh, T., Shimizu, K., Kavvadas, M., & Makris, N. (1992). Seismic pile-group --
structure interaction. In G. Gazetas, K. Fan, T. Tazoh, K. Shimizu, M. Kavvadas, N. Makris, & S.
Prakash (Ed.), Piles under dynamic loads (pp. 56-93). New York, New York: American Society
of Civil Engineers.
Kaynia, A. M., & Kausel, E. (1982). Dynamic stiffness and seismic response of pile groups.
Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge.

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Dynapile 2016 – User’s Manual

Dynamic analysis of pile and drilled shafts

(Release Date: August 2016)

SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT & DISCLAIMER

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

3.3.3.1Adding a New Cross-section........................................................................................ 3-37

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

Figure 3-35 Stiffness nomenclature ......................................................................................................... 3-60

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

1.1 General Description

1.2 Features of the Program

1. Dynamic stiffness of pile foundations including

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

1.3 History of Development

1. Dynamic stiffness of pile foundations including

Dynapile 2.0 (2002)

Dynapile 3.0 (2016)

 Revamped graphical user interface that features:

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

o Compute additional pile group translational stiffness terms 𝐾𝑥𝑦 , 𝐾𝑦𝑦

1.4 Organization of Dynapile Manuals

1.5 Typographical Conventions

1.6 Contents of the Dynapile Package

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

 One USB device (sometimes known as hardware key or dongle),

1.7 Hardware Requirements

1.8 Technical Support

Preferred Methods of Software Support

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

Upgrade Verification and Internet Site

Changes of Support Policy

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

2.1 Installation Procedures

Installation of Single-User Version

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

Figure 2.2-3 Selection of Single-User License (may change with time)

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

Introduction of Network Version

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

2.1.2.1 Installation of Network Version

2.1.2.2 Silent Installations on Client Computers

Backup of Original Software

Software Updates on the Internet

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

CHAPTER 3. Using Dynapile

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

Figure 3-1 Dynapile layout overview

Table 3-1 Dynapile running mode and available functionalities

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

2. Enter required project data (Section 3.3)

3. Save project to a file on local drive

4. Run Analysis (Section 3.4)

5. View/save results (Section 3.5)

User’s Manual (Rel. August/2016) Dynapile

3.1 Menu Bars

File Filing of project, e.g. new file, save, import, etc.

Edit Editing of data and view