List of Sovereign States by Date of Formation: Original Research

List of sovereign states by date of formation
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Below is a list of sovereign states with the dates of their formation (date of their independence or
of their constitution), sorted by continent. This list includes the 195 states which are currently
full member states or observer states of the United Nations. This does not include List of former
sovereign states, but does include several states with limited recognition.[1] For proposed states
or various indigenous nations which consider themselves still under occupation, see list of active
autonomist and secessionist movements. Micronations are not included in this list.
Nation-building is a long evolutionary process, and in most cases the date of a country's
"formation" cannot be objectively determined; e.g., the fact that England and France were
sovereign kingdoms on equal footing in the medieval period does not prejudice the fact that
England is not now a sovereign state (having passed sovereignty to the UK in 1707), while
France is a Republic founded in 1792 (technically, France currently refers to the French Fifth
Republic, formed in 1958).
An unambiguous measure is the date of national constitutions; but as constitutions are an entirely
modern concept, all formation dates by that criterion are modern or early modern (the oldest
constitution being that of San Marino, dating to 1600).
Independence dates for widely recognised states earlier than 1919 should be treated with caution,
since prior to the founding of the League of Nations, there was no international body to
recognise nationhood, and independence had no meaning beyond mutual recognition of de facto
sovereigns (the role of the League of Nations was effectively taken over by the United Nations
after the Second World War). See also: disputed territories.
Many countries have some remote (or fantastically remote) symbolic foundation date as part of
their national mythology, sometimes artificially inflating a country's "age" for reasons of
nationalism, sometimes merely gesturing at a long and gradual process of the formation of an
ethnic identity. Such dates reflect not the formation of a state (an independent political entity),
but of a nation (an ethnic or cultural grouping), terms that are often conflated in the context of
nation states.
The following list contains the formation dates of countries with a short description of those
events. For a more detailed description of a country's formation and history please see the main
article for each country.
Contents
 1 List
o 1.1 Africa
o 1.2 Americas
o 1.3 Asia
o 1.4 Europe
o 1.5 Oceania
o 1.6 Transcontinental states
 2 Sortable list
 3 See also
 4 Notes
List
Africa
Country Date Birt Date Date Date Most recent significant territorial
h of of modification
curr acqu
ent isitio
form n of
of sove
gove reign
rnm ty
ent
Algeria 1963 Ado July 3, Fren July 5, Algeria gains sovereignty over the
ption 1962 ch 1962 entire Algerian territory upon
of recog independence from France.
the nitio
prese n of
nt Alge
const rian
itutio refer
n. endu
m on
indep
ende
nce
held
two
days
earlie
r
Angola 1975 Novem Inde
ber 11, pend
1975 ence
from
Portu
gal
Benin August Inde January Borders of French Protectorate of
1, 1960 pend 15, 1894 Dahomey set at conclusion of
ence Second Franco-Dahomean War
from
Fran
ce
Botswana Septem Inde Decembe Sedudu ruled to belong to Botswana
ber 30, pend r 13, rather than Namibia by the
1966 ence 1999 International Court of Justice.
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Burkina August Inde
Faso 5, 1960 pend
ence
from
Fran
ce
Burundi Novem Mon July 1, Inde
ber 28, arch 1962 pend
1966 y ence
repla from
ced Belgi
by um
repu
blic
Cape July 5, Inde
Verde 1975 pend
ence
from
Portu
gal
Cameroon January Inde October Merger of part of British
1, 1960 pend 1, 1961 Cameroons with Cameroon
ence
from
Fran
ce
Central Septem Mon August Inde
African ber 21, arch 13, pend
Republic 1979 y 1960 ence
repla from
ced Fran
by ce
repu
blic
Chad August Inde February Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad
11, pend 3, 1997
1960 ence
from
Fran
ce
Comoros July 6, Inde
1975 pend
ence
from
Fran
ce
decla
red
Congo, May June Inde
Democratic 17, 30, pend
Republic of 1997 1960 ence
the from
Belgi
um
Congo, August Inde
Republic of 15, pend
the 1960 ence
from
Fran
ce
Ivory Decem Auto
Coast ber 4, nom
1958 ous
repu
blic
withi
n
Fren
ch
Com
muni
ty
August Inde
7, 1960 pend
ence
from
Fran
ce
Djibouti June Inde
27, pend
1977 ence
from
Fran
ce
Egypt June Egyp Februar Brita 1925 The eastern borders of Libya and
18, tian y 28, in British Egypt are changed to their
1953 revol 1922 ends present boundaries.
ution its
of prote
1952 ctora
, te,
Egyp grant
tian ing
mon indep
arch ende
y nce
overt to
hrow Egyp
n in t
a
milit
ary
coup
,
repu
blic
decla
red
Equatoria Octobe Inde
l Guinea r 12, pend
1968 ence
from
Spai
n
Eritrea May Inde April 1, Badme ruled to be Eritrean by the
24, pend 2002 Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary
1993 ence Commission (EEBC after the
from Eritrean–Ethiopian War). Contested
Ethio by Ethiopia
pia
decla
red
Eswatini Februar Cons Septem Inde
(Swaziland) y 8, tituti ber 6, pend
2006 on of 1968 ence
Swa from
zilan the
d Unite
d
King
dom
Ethiopia March Mon 900 Zag April 1, Badme ruled to be Eritrean by the
21, arch we 2002 Eritrea–Ethiopia Boundary
1975 y dyna Commission (EEBC after the
aboli sty Eritrean–Ethiopian War). Contested
shed by Ethiopia
and
repla
ced
by
repu
blic
Gabon August Inde
17, pend
1960 ence
from
Fran
ce
Gambia Februar Inde
y 18, pend
1965 ence
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Ghana March Inde Decembe Union of British Togoland with
6, 1957 pend r 13, Gold Coast
ence 1956
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Guinea Octobe Inde
r 2, pend
1958 ence
from
Fran
ce
Guinea- Septem Inde
Bissau ber 24, pend
1973 ence
from
Portu
gal
decla
red
Septem Inde
ber 10, pend
1974 ence
from
Portu
gal
recog
nized
Kenya Decem Inde
ber 12, pend
1963 ence
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Lesotho Octobe Inde March Area that is now Lesotho placed
r 4, pend 12, 1868 under British rule
1966 ence
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Liberia July Inde January Current constitution came into
26, pend 6, 1986 effect
1847 ence
from
Ame
rican
Colo
nizati
on
Socie
ty
Libya August Cou Decem Inde February Aouzou Strip awarded to Chad.
4, 2014 ncil ber 24, pend 13, 1984
of 1951 ence
Dep from
uties UN
takes Trust
pow eeshi
er.[2] p
(Briti
sh
and
Fren
ch
admi
nistra
tion
after
Italia
n
gove
rnanc
e
ends
in
1947
)
Madagasc Octobe The
ar r 14, Mala
1958 gasy
Repu
blic
was
creat
ed as
auton
omo
us
state
withi
n
Fren
ch
Com
muni
ty
June Fran
26, ce
1960 recog
nizes
Mad
agasc
ar's
indep
ende
nce
Malawi July 6, Inde
1964 pend
ence
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Mali Novem Fren April 8, Senegal secedes from Mali
ber 25, ch 1960 Federation
1958 Suda
n
gains
auton
omy
Septem Inde
ber 22, pend
1960 ence
from
Fran
ce
Mauritani Novem Inde August Mauritania withdraws from Tiris al-
a ber 28, pend 11, 1979 Gharbiyya (part of Western Sahara)
1960 ence
from
Fran
ce
Mauritius March Inde 1965 Separation of Chagos Archipelago
12, pend
1968 ence
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Morocco 1631 Sulta April 7, Protectorate abolished
nate 1956
de
Tafil
alt
Mozambi June Inde
que 25, pend
1975 ence
from
Portu
gal
Namibia March Inde March 1, Walvis Bay integrated into Namibia
21, pend 1997
1990 ence
from
Sout
h
Afric
an
rule
Niger Decem Auto
ber 4, nom
1958 y
withi
n
Fren
ch
Com
muni
ty
August Inde
3, 1960 pend
ence
from
Fran
ce
Nigeria Octobe Inde January Biafra re-integrated into Nigeria
r 1, pend 15, 1970
1960 ence June 1, Northern Cameroons integrated in
from 1961 Nigeria
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Rwanda July 1, Inde
1962 pend
ence
from
Belgi
um
São Tomé July Inde
and Príncipe 12, pend
1975 ence
from
Portu
gal
Senegal August Inde
20, pend
1960 ence
from
Fran
ce
Seychelles June Inde
29, pend
1976 ence
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Sierra April Inde
Leone 27, pend
1961 ence
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Somalia August Fede July 1, Unio May 18, Somaliland declares independence,
20, ral 1960 n of 1991 but is not recognized by any UN
2012 Gov Trust (disputed state.
ernm Terri )
ent tory
of of
Som Som
alia alia
estab (for
lishe mer
d.[3] Italia
n
Som
alilan
d)
and
State
of
Som
alilan
d
(for
merl
y
Britis
h
Som
alilan
d)
South May Repu Decem Statu March De facto: South West Africa
Africa 31, blic ber 11, te of 21, 1990 declares independence, forming
1961 decla 1931 West Namibia
red minst
er,
whic
h
estab
lishe
sa
statu
s of
legisl
ative
equal
ity
betw
een
the
self-
gove
rning
domi
nion
of
the
Unio
n of
Sout
h
Afric
a and
the
UK
Februar The May Creat April 27, De jure: Reincorporation of the
y 4, post- 31, ion 1994 nominally independent but
1997 Apar 1910 of unrecognised bantustans into post-
theid the apartheid South Africa
Cons auton
tituti omo
on of us
Sout Unio
h n of
Afric Sout
a h
com Afric
es a
into from
effec the
t previ
ously
separ
ate
colon
ies of
the
Cape
,
Natal
,
Tran
svaal
and
Oran
ge
River
South July 9, 2011 July 9, Sepa
Sudan 2011 Sout 2011 ratio
h n of
Suda Sout
nese hern
inde Suda
pend n
ence from
refer Suda
endu n
m
Sudan April First January Inde July 9, South Sudan secedes from Sudan
15, dem 1, 1956 pend 2011
2010 ocrat ence
ic from
elect Egyp
ion tian
since and
the Britis
Seco h
nd joint
Suda rule
nese
Civil
War
Tanzania July 1, Ame Decem Inde April 26, Merger of Zanzibar with
1991 ndm ber 9, pend 1964 Tanganyika to form Tanzania
ent 1961 ence
to of
Cons Tang
tituti anyik
on of a
Tanz from
ania the
ends Unite
statu d
s as King
one- dom
party
state
Togo August Auto
30, nom
1958 y
withi
n
Fren
ch
Unio
n
April Inde
27, pend
1960 ence
from
Fran
ce
Tunisia January Cons March Inde
26, tituti 20, pend
2014 on of 1956 ence
Tuni from
sia Fran
follo ce
wing
the
Tuni
sian
Revo
lutio
n
Uganda March Self-
1, 1962 gove
rnme
nt
grant
ed
Octobe Inde
r 9, pend
1962 ence
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Zambia Octobe Inde
r 24, pend
1964 ence
from
the
Unite
d
King
dom
Zimbabwe Decem Robe Novem Unila 1901 BSAC separates North-Eastern
ber 22, rt ber 11, teral Rhodesia from Southern Rhodesia
1987 Mug 1965 decla
abe ratio
revis n of
es indep
the ende
Cons nce
tituti by
on of Sout
Zim hern
bab Rhod
we esia
to April Reco
creat 18, gnize
e an 1980 d
exec indep
utive ende
presi nce
denc from
y.[4] the
Unite
d
King
dom
as
Zimb
abwe
Americas
Country Date Birth of Date Date of Date Date of

current acquisit most
form of ion of recent
govern soverei signific
ment gnty ant
territor
ial
modific
ation
Antigua and November Indepen
Barbuda 1, 1981 dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
Argentina May 1, The May 25, May October 18, Conque
1853 current 1810 Revoluti 1884 st of the
Constitu on Desert
tion of installs
Argentin first
a enters local
in force govern
ment
July 9, 1816 Argenti
ne
Declarat
ion of
Indepen
dence
from
Spain.
Bahamas January 7, Internal
1964 self-
governa
nce
granted
July 10, Indepen
1973 dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
Barbados November Indepen
30, 1966 dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
Belize September Indepen 1859 Treaty
21, 1981 dence establis
from the hes
United border
Kingdo between
m British
January 1, Self- Hondur
1964 governi as and
ng Guatem
colony ala
Bolivia May 25, August 6, Bolivian November Signing
1809 1825 War of 11, 1903 of the
Indepen Treaty
dence of
from Petrópol
Spain. is with
Brazil
whereb
y
Bolivia
gained
lands in
Mato
Grosso
in
exchang
e for the
territory
of Acre
Brazil November Proclam September Indepen November Signing
15, 1889 ation of 7, 1822 dence 11, 1903 of the
the from the Treaty
Republi United of
c Kingdo Petrópol
m of is with
Portugal Bolivia
, Brazil whereb
and the y Brazil
Algarve was
s given
declared the
August 29, Indepen territory
1825 dence of Acre
recogniz in
ed by exchang
Portugal e for
lands in
Mato
Grosso
Canada July 1, 1867 Dominio July 1, 1867 Granted April 1, Nunavu
n of nominal 1999 t
Canada indepen Territor
establish dence y
ed as a (Domini created
federatio on as per
n status) native
December Statute land
11, 1931 of claims
Westmi act from
nster two
April 17, Full thirds of
1982 sovereig the area
nty of
attained Northw
(Canada est
Act Territori
1982) es.
Chile August 17, Amend September First July 3, 1929 Chile
1989 ment to 18, 1810 Govern awarded
the ment Arica
Constitu Junta district
tion of January 1, Chilean in
Chile 1818 Declarat Treaty
ends the ion of of Lima
military Indepen
dictators dence
hip from
Spain
April 25, Indepen
1844 dence
recogniz
ed by
Spain
Costa Rica November Constitu September Costa July 25, Partido
7, 1949 tion of 15, 1821 Rica 1824 de
Costa declared Nicoya
Rica indepen
dence
from
Spain
November Indepen
15, 1838 dence
from
Federal
Republi
c of
Central
America
Cuba January 1, Cuban October 10, Several
1959 Revoluti 1898 wars
on were
declared
against
Spain
from
1868 to
1898,
ending
with the
military
support
of USA
to the
Cuban
Revoluti
on.
December Spain
10, 1898 loses
the war
against
United
States
and the
military
occupati
on of
Cuba by
USA
begins.
May 20, United
1902 States
military
occupati
on
ends[5]
Dominica November Constitu February Became
3, 1978 tion of 27, 1967 an
Dominic associat
a ed state
of the
United
Kingdo
m
November Indepen
3, 1978 dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
Dominican November Civilian February The May 9, Haiti
Republic 28, 1966 constitut 27, 1844 Domini 1936 and the
ion of can Domini
the Republi can
Dominic c gains Republi
an indepen c sign a
Republi dence treaty
c from setting a
followin Haiti definitiv
g the e
Dominic border.
an Civil
War.[6]
Ecuador August 10, May 24, Indepen February Rio
1809 1822 dence 26, 1942 Protocol
from ends
Spain of border
Gran dispute
Colomb with
ia, of Peru
which
Ecuador
is a part
May 13, Dissolut
1830 ion of
Gran
Colomb
ia
El Salvador September El
15, 1821 Salvado
r
become
s
provinc
e in
First
Mexica
n
Empire,
which
declared
indepen
dence
from
Spain
July 1, 1823 El
Salvado
r
become
s a state
of
Federal
Republi
c of
Central
America
February Dissolut
18, 1841 ion of
the
Federal
Republi
c of
Central
America
, El
Salvado
r
become
s
indepen
dent
Grenada February Associat
27, 1967 ed state
of the
United
Kingdo
m
February 7, Full
1974 indepen
dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
Guatemala September Guatem
15, 1821 ala
become
s state
in
Federal
Republi
c of
Central
America
, which
declared
indepen
dence
from
Spain
April 17, Indepen
1839 dence
from
Federal
Republi
c of
Central
America
declared
Guyana May 26, Indepen
1966 dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
Haiti March 1987 Constitu January 1, The February The
tion of 1804 French 27, 1844 Domini
1987 colony can
(superse Saint- Republi
ded) Doming c gains
ue gains indepen
indepen dence
dence as from
Haiti Haiti
May 9, Haiti
1936 and the
Domini
can
Republi
c sign a
treaty
setting a
definitiv
e
border.
Honduras September Hondur September Swan
15, 1821 as 1, 1972 Islands
become returned
s state to
in Hondur
Federal as from
Republi United
c of States
Central occupati
America on
, which
declared
indepen
dence
from
Spain
October 26, Indepen
1838 dence
from
Federal
Republi
c of
Central
America
Jamaica August 6, Indepen
1962 dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
Mexico 1917 Constitu September Indepen December Gadsde
tion of 16, 1810 dence 30, 1853 n
Mexico from Purchas
Spain e
declared
September Declarat
27, 1821 ion of
Indepen
dence of
the
Mexica
n
Empire
Nicaragua September Nicarag
15, 1821 ua
become
s state
in
Federal
Republi
c of
Central
America
, which
declared
indepen
dence
from
Spain
November Indepen
5, 1838 dence
from
Federal
Republi
c of
Central
America
Panama November Indepen December Soverei
3, 1903 dence 31, 1999 gnty of
from Panama
Colomb Canal
ia Zone
transferr
ed to
Panama
from the
United
States
Paraguay June 1992 Democr May 14, Indepen 1938 Paragua
atic 1811 dence y
Constitu from awarded
tion of Spain a large
Paragua declared portion
y of the
Gran
Chaco
as a
result of
the
Chaco
War
Peru July 28, Indepen February Rio
1821 dence 26, 1942 Protocol
from ends
Spain border
declared dispute
1879 Indepen with
dence Ecuador
from
Spain
recogniz
ed
Saint Kitts and February Associat December Anguill
Nevis 27, 1967 ed state 19, 1980 a
of the separate
United d from
Kingdo Saint
m Christo
September Indepen pher-
19, 1983 dence Nevis-
from the Anguill
United a
Kingdo
m
Saint Lucia February Associat
27, 1967 ed
statehoo
d
February Indepen
22, 1979 dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
Saint Vincent and October 27, Associat
the Grenadines 1969 ed
statehoo
d
October 27, Indepen
1979 dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
Suriname December Self-
15, 1954 govern
ment
granted
November Indepen
25, 1975 dence
from
Netherla
nds
Trinidad and August 31, Indepen
Tobago 1962 dence
from the
United
Kingdo
m
United States September Ratificat July 4, 1776 Indepen August 21, United
States
17, 1787 ion of dence 1959 territory:
the from Territor
United Great y of
States Britain Hawaii
Constitu declared joins as
tion the state
replaced of
the Hawaii
previous September Indepen September Insular
area:
Articles 3, 1783 dence 7, 1981 The
of from United
Confede Great States
ration Britain cedes
creating recogniz Serrana
a new ed Bank
system
and
of
Roncad
governm
or Bank
ent
to the
Republi
c of
Colomb
ia as a
result of
a treaty
signed
in 1972
Uruguay December 1996 August 25, Indepen
8, 1996 Uruguay 1825 dence
an from
constitut Empire
ional of
referend Brazil
um declared
, joined
in union
with
United
Provinc
es of the
River
Plate
(current
Argenti
na).
August 27, Treaty
1828 of
Montevi
deo
signed,
recogniz
ing
Urugua
y's
indepen
dence
by
Brazil
Venezuela December New April 19, Indepen October 3, Tribuna
20, 1999 Constitu 1810[7] dence 1899 l of
tion of from Arbitrat
Venezue Spain ion
la declared awards
establish January 13, Dissolut most of
es the 1830 ion of Guayan
Bolivari Gran a
an Fifth Colomb Esequib
Republi ia a to
c British
Guyana.
Asia
Country Date Birth Date Date of Date Date of most recent

of acquisition significant territorial
curre of modification
nt sovereignty
form
of
gove
rnme
nt
Afgha Januar Cons 1919 Treaty of 1747 1893 Durand-Line
nistan y 26, tituti Rawalpindi Durrani through Pashtunistan,
2004 on of ends British Empire because of the Durand-
Afgh control of Treaty
anist foreign
an policy
estab
lishes
Islam
ic
Repu
blic
Bahrai August 15, 1971 End of July 1, Portuguese conquest of
n treaties with 1521 current territory
the United
Kingdom
Bangla Nove De March 26, 1971 Independenc July India and Bangladesh
desh mber jure: e from 31, exchange exclaves
4, Cons Pakistan 2015
1972 tituti declared
on of
Bang
lades
h
Februa De
ry 27, facto
1991 :
First
gener
al
electi
on
since
restor
ation
of
parlia
ment
ary
demo
cracy
.
Bhuta March First 1885 Ugyen Novem Treaty of Sinchula
n 24, electi Wangchuck ber 11,
2008 ons ends period 1865
to the of civil war
Natio and unites
nal Bhutan
Asse
mbly
Brunei Septe De January 1, 1984 Brunei August Kingdom of Sarawak
mber jure: regains its 18, founded
29, Cons independenc 1841
1959 tituti e after an
on of agreement
Brun with the
ei British on 4
Decem De January 1979
ber 12, facto:
1962 Marti
al
law
decla
red
durin
g the
Brun
ei
Revo
lt,
suspe
nding
demo
cratic
electi
ons
indef
initel
y.
Cambo Septe Cons September 9, France
dia mber tituti 1953 grants
21, on of Cambodia
1993 Cam independenc
bodia e
September 26, Becomes
1989 free from
Vietnamese
occupation;
it gets back
its name
instead of
the People's
Republic of
Kampuchea
China Octobe Estab 221 BC First Octobe Tajikistan ceded to
r 1, lishm imperial r 6, China 1158 square
1949 ent of unification 2011 kilometers
the
Peopl
e's
Repu
blic
of
Chin
a
(PRC
) as
the
Chin
ese
Civil
War
nears
its
end
India Januar De 440 BCE by Independenc July India and Bangladesh
y 26, jure: Greeks, 900-800 e from 31, exchange exclaves
1950 Cons BCE as Bhārata. British 2015
tituti Empire.
on of Bhārata has
India been referred
many times
in ancient
Vedic Texts,
mainly
Puranas.
Emperor
Bharata
conquered
whole of
Indian
subcontinent.
Iran Februa Irania 3200 BC Founded by 10 Signing of the Treaty of
ry 11, n the Proto- Februar Turkmenchay, whereby
1979 Revo Elamites y 1828 the territories that now
lutio constitute Armenia,
n Azerbaijan (the
ends remaining part which
mona hadn't been lost by the
rchis Treaty of Gulistan
m (1813), and Igdir are
and ceded to Russia
estab
lishes
an
Islam
ic
Repu
blic
Iraq Octobe Cons October 3, 1932 Kingdom of Februar Kuwait liberated.[8]
r 15, tituti Iraq y 28,
2005 on of 1991
Iraq
follo
wing
the
Iraq
War[8
]
Israel May Dem May 14, 1948 Independenc Septem Completion of Israel's
14, ocrati e from the ber 12, unilateral
1948 c British 2005 disengagement from the
state Mandate of Gaza Strip
of Palestine
Israel
.
Read
ing
of the
Decla
ratio
n of
Indep
ende
nce
of
Israel
Japan May 3, Comi February 11, Victory of May Return of the Ryukyu
1947 ng 660 BC Emperor 15, Islands to Japan and
into (Traditional) Jimmu, and 1972 abolition of the United
force the capital States Civil
of the established Administration of the
curre in Yamato. Ryukyu Islands
nt
Cons
tituti
on of
Japan
,
wher
eby
the
empe
ror
was
depri
ved
of his
powe
rs
and a
libera
l
demo
cracy
was
estab
lishe
d
Jordan Januar Cons May 25, 1946 End of the Octobe Signing of the Israel–
y 1, tituti British r 26, Jordan Treaty of Peace,
1952 on of Mandate for 1997 whereby most of the
Jorda Palestine disputed 400 square-
n kilometer area in the
June The Arabah was handed
12, Cabi back to Jordan
2011 net of
Jorda
n is
made
an
electe
d
body[
9]
North Septe Kim September 9, Declaration July Cease-fire in the Korean

Korea mber Il- 1948 of creation of 27, War creates the southern
9, sung North Korea 1953 border along the
1948 decla Military Demarcation
red Line
Prem
ier of
Nort
h
Kore
a,
estab
lishin
g the
still-
rulin
g
Kim
dyna
sty.
Decem Cons
ber 25, tituti
1972 on of
Nort
h
Kore
a
repla
ces
Com
muni
sm
with
Juche
as
Nort
h
Kore
a's
gover
ning
philo
soph
y.[10]
South Octobe Curre 1946 Japanese rule July Cease-fire in the Korean
Korea r 29, nt of Korea 27, War creates the northern
1987 Sixth ends 1953 border along the
Repu August 15, 1948 First Military Demarcation
blic Republic of Line
of Korea
Sout established
h
Kore
a
foun
ded,
endin
g
milit
ary
rule
Kuwai Nove Cons February 28, End of Iraqi Decem Formal division of
t mber tituti 1991 occupation ber 18, Saudi-Kuwaiti neutral
11, on of (Gulf War) 1969 zone
1962 Kuw
ait
Kyrgy June Cons August 31, 1991 Independenc Decem Establishment of the
zstan 10, tituti e from the ber 5, Kirghiz SSR
2010 on of Soviet 1936
Kyrg Union[11]
yzsta
n
intro
duces
parlia
ment
ary
syste
m.
Laos Decem Lao October 22, Independenc
ber 2, PDR 1953 e from
1975 France
form
ed
Leban May Leba November 26, Independenc Septem France establishes State
on 23, nese 1941 e from ber 1, of Greater Lebanon with
1926 Repu France 1920 current boundaries
blic declared
form November 22, Independenc
ed 1943 e from
France
recognized
Malays Septe Form August 31, 1957 Malayan August Singapore expelled from
ia mber ation Independenc 9, 1965 the Federation of
16, of e[14] from the Malaysia[15][16][17]
1963 Mala United
ysia[1 Kingdom
2][13]
was declared
in Dataran
Merdeka
(Independen
ce Square)
September 16, Malaysia
1963 was formed
by the
federation of
North
Borneo,
Sarawak and
Singapore
with the
existing
States of the
Federation of
Malaya.[12][18]
Maldiv Nove Decla July 26, 1965 Independenc
es mber ratio e from the
11, n of United
1968 Repu Kingdom
blic
Mongo Februa Cons 209 BC Xiongnu
lia ry 12, tituti Empire
1992 on of formed
Mon December 29, Proclamation
golia 1911 of
decla Mongolian
res independenc
the e from
count Manchu's
ry a Qing
parlia Dynasty
ment
ary
demo
cracy
.
Myan March The January 4, 1948 Myanmar 1956 Signing of border treaty
mar 30, milit (Burma) with the People's
2011 ary declares Republic of China
junta independenc
is e from the
repla British
ced Empire
by an
electe
d
gover
nmen
t
Nepal May Form December 21, Nepali Decem Sugauli Treaty ends the
28, ation 1768 unification ber 2, Gurkha War
2008 of 1815
Repu
blic
Oman June Begi January 26, Expulsion of Decem Gwadar sold to Pakistan
10, nning 1650 the ber 8,
1749 of the Portuguese 1958
Al
Said
dyna
sty,
curre
nt
absol
ute
mona
rchic
al
line
of
Oma
n.
1996 Basic
Law
of
Oma
n
Pakist August Cons August 14, 1947 Independenc Decem De facto: Province of
an 14, tituti e from ber 16, East Pakistan dissolved
1973 on of British India 1971 following the surrender
Pakis in the of the Pakistani Army at
tan Partition the end of the
Bangladesh Liberation
War
Februar De jure: Recognition by
y 22, Pakistan of Bangladesh
1974 as an independent
country, whereby
Pakistan definitely
surrenders claims over
the former province of
East Pakistan
Palesti May 4, Agre November 15, Palestinian June Hamas takeover of the
ne[a] 1994 emen 1988 Declaration 15, Gaza Strip
t on of 2007
the Independenc
Gaza e
Strip
and
the
Jeric
ho
Area
Philipp Nove The June 12, 1898 The evolving 2012[22] In 2012, the United
[b] [23]
ines mber Com revolutionar Nations approved a
30, mon y movement 2009 claim by the
1935 wealt in the Philippines to the
h of Philippines Benham Rise.[23]
the declares
Phili itself
ppine independent
s was from the
estab Spanish
lishe Empire.[19][20]
[21]
d
throu July 4, 1946 The United
gh States
provi recognises
sions independenc
of the e under the
Tydi provisions of
ngs– the Treaty of
McD Manila
uffie (1946). The
Act. 1935
Constitution
remained in
effect until
1973, when
the Marcos
regime
promulgated
a new a
newer one,
in turn
replaced by
the present
1987
Constitution.
Qatar September 3, Independenc
1971 e from the
United
Kingdom
Saudi Septe Regi 1744 Establishme June Border with Yemen
Arabia mber ons nt of the 12, finalized by Treaty of
23, of First Saudi 2000 Jeddah (2000)
1932 Al- State [24]
Hasa,
Qatif,
Nejd
and
Hejaz
unifi
ed to
beco
me
Saudi
Arabi
a
Singap August Singa June 3, 1959 Self- August Establishment of
ore 9, pore government 9, 1965 Singapore as an
1965[15 cease under the independent sovereign
]
d to United state[17]
be a Kingdom
state August 9, 1965 separate
of from and
Mala independent
ysia of
Malaysia[15][1
6]
Sri May Cons February 4, Independenc Februar De jure: The Kandyan

Lanka 22, tituti 1948 e from y 14, Kingdom is annexed by
1972 on of United 1815 British Ceylon
Sri Kingdom May De facto: The Sri
Lank 18, Lankan government
a 2009 regains control of the
whole island following
the end of the Sri
Lankan Civil War.
Syria Februa Cons September 28, End of the Novem Lebanon declares
ry 27, tituti 1961 United Arab ber 8, independence from the
2012 on of Republic 1941 French Mandate for
Syria[ Syria and the
25]
Lebanon[25]
Taiwa Octobe After December 7, Republic of Februar Withdrawal of the
n (Republic r 10, the 1949[26] China y 25, Republic of China from
of China) 1911 Xinh government 1955 the Dachen Archipelago
ai moved to
Revo Taiwan after
lutio the Chinese
n the Civil War[27]
Repu
blic
of
Chin
a
form
ally
repla
ced
the
Qing
Dyna
sty
Tajikis September 9, Independenc Decem Establishment of the
tan 1991 e from the ber 5, Tajik SSR
Soviet 1929
Union[11]
Thaila April Cons November 6, Salvage March Anglo-Siamese Treaty
nd 6, tituti 1767 independenc 10, of 1909
2017 on of e by Great 1909
the king Taksin
King consist of
dom Expulsion of
of Burmese and
Thail Establish a
and new
2017 kingdom
together with
reunification
of Thailand
Timor- May Cons November 28, East Timor 1914 The borders of
Leste 20, tituti 1975 declares its Portuguese Timor are
2002 on of independenc agreed.[28]
East e but was
Timo suppressed
r by the
Indonesian
invasion
May 20, 2002 Independenc
e was
recognized
by the
international
community
following the
UN-
sponsored
act of self-
determinatio
n of 1999
Turkm Septe Cons October 27, Independenc August Establishment of the
enistan mber tituti 1991 e from the 7, 1921 Turkmen SSR
28, on of Soviet
2008 Turk Union[11]
meni
stan
United December 2, End of treaty Februar Ras al-Khaimah joins
Arab 1971 relationship y 11, the UAE
Emirates with the 1972
United
Kingdom
Uzbeki August 31, 1991 Independenc Octobe Establishment of the
stan e from the r 24, Uzbek SSR
Soviet Union 1924
declared[11]
Vietna Decem Nort September 2, withdrawal July 2, Reunification of North
m ber 31, h 1945 of the 1976 Vietnam and South
1959 Vietn Japanese Vietnam as Socialist
am after WWII Republic of Vietnam
decla
red a
socia
list
repub
lic
Januar Curre
y 1, nt
2014 Cons
tituti
on of
the
Socia
list
Repu
blic
of
Vietn
am
Yemen May 22, 1990 Unification May Unification of North
of North 22, Yemen and South
Yemen and 1990 Yemen
South
Yemen
Table notes
1.
 Palestinian National Authority: For some clarification and more detail, see History of the
State of Palestine.
2.  Philippines: For some clarification and more detail, see Timeline of Philippine
Sovereignty and Sovereignty of the Philippines.
Europe
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
Country Date form of Date Date t
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
Principality
of Arbër
was
1190 c.
established Occupied
Socialist by archon Kosovo,
People's Progon. west
Republic Declaration Macedoni
of of a and
Albania November 28, independen border
April 29,
Albania was 1912 ce from 1945 region of
1991
replaced Ottoman Monteneg
by the Empire ro
Republic Albanian returned
of state re- to
Albania. established Yugoslavi
November 28, a
after
1944
Italian/Ger
man
occupation
Current Reversal of The
Constituti annexation Andorra–
April 28, on of of Andorra France
Andorra 1813 August 28, 2001
1993 Andorra by the border is
entered Napoleonic adjusted
force Empire, to allow
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
through the Andorra
Peninsular to
War construct
the
Envalira
Tunnel
access
bridge
Austrian
Independen
ce Treaty
re-
May 15, 1955
established
Austria as a
sovereign City of
state Sopron,
Declarati
Privilegium and 8
on of the
Minus: other
November Republic December 14,
Austria Sovereignty towns
12, 1918 of 1921
from Duchy moved to
German- September 17,
of Bavaria Hungary
Austria 1156
as a Duchy after
of the Holy plebiscite
Roman
Empire
Proclamatio
n of the
August 11, 1804
Austrian
Empire
Constituti Declaration
onal of State
amendme Sovereignty
nt of the
July 27, 1990
abolishes Belarusian
November Soviet Curzon
Belarus the 1945
28, 1996 Socialist Line
Supreme
Soviet Republic
and Independen
establishe August 25, 1991 ce
s the recognized
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
National by Soviet
Assembly Union[11]
Belgian
proper:
Treaty of
Versailles
June 28, 1919 and
King
annexatio
Leopold I
n of the
of
East
Belgium
Cantons
swears
Independen Belgian
allegianc colonial
ce was
e to the empire:
July 21, proclaimed Ruanda-
Belgium constituti October 4, 1830
1831 by the Urundi
on
provisonial declares
making
government independe
the
country a nce and
July 1, 1962
constituti split
onal within
monarchy two
countries:
Rwanda
and
Burundi.
Establish
ment of
Independ
SR
ence
Formation Bosnia in
declared
Bosnia and March 3, of the November 25, Socialist
from the 1154
Herzegovina 1992 Banate of 1943 Federal
SFR
Bosnia Republic
Yugoslav
of
ia[29]
Yugoslavi
a
People's Formation Under the
Republic 632 of Old First and
November of Great Second
Bulgaria Bulgaria September 7, 1940
10, 1989 Bulgaria Vienna
was First Awards,
replaced 681 Bulgarian Southern
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
by the Empire Dobruja
Republic formed was
of Second returned
Bulgaria Bulgarian to
1185 Kingdom
Empire
formed of
Bulgaria
Autonomy
within
Ottoman
Empire
July 13, 1878 recognized
internationa
lly by the
Treaty of
Berlin
Independen
September 22, ce from
1908 Ottoman
Empire
Formation Annexatio
of Duchy of n of most
626
Croatia[30][31 of Istria to
][32][33][34]
Independ SR
ence Croatia as
October 8,
Croatia from SFR Formation February 10, 1947 a result of
1991
Yugoslav of Kingdom signing
ia[29] 925 of Croatia the 1947
by King Paris
Tomislav Peace
Treaties
Dissoluti
on of
Czechosl
Independen
ovakia,
Czech January 1, ce from
creating 895
Republic 1993 Great
Czech
Moravia
Republic
and
Slovakia
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
The Jelling Denmark
proper:
stones, a Sønderjyll
pair of rune and was
stones June 15, 1920 recovered
considered from
to be the Germany.[
"birth 35]
certificate"
of Denmark
reads:
Constituti
"King
June 5, onal Act
Denmark 935 (Or prior) Haraldr
1953 of
ordered this Danish Realm:
Denmark
monument Kingdom
made ... of Iceland
who won June 17, 1944 secedes
for himself from the
all of union.
Denmark
and Norway
and made
the Danes
Christian."
De jure:
Signing of
the
Estonia–
Independen
Latvia
Estonian February 24, ce declared
Border
Declarati 1918 from the July 1, 1920
Treaty
on of Russian
whereby
Independ Empire
February Valga
Estonia ence, proper
24, 1918
whereby was ceded
a republic to Estonia
was
declared Independen De facto:
ce (from the Eastern
Soviet coast of
August 20, 1991 January 1, 1945
Union) Narva
reasserted, river and
end of most of
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
occupation[3 Petseri
6]
County
were
transferre
d to
Russian
SFSR
Independen
ce from
December 6,
Diet of 1917 Russian
Porvoo, Empire
birth of declared
Finland Independen Porkkala
as an ce from returned
March 29,
Finland autonomo Russia January 26, 1956 from
1809
us state recognized Soviet
entity by the control
within January 3, 1918
highest
Russian Soviet
Empire executive
body,
VTsIK
Metropolitan
France:
Annexatio
First n of
creation Tende, La
with Brigue
Establish February 10, 1947
(Clovis), and other
ment of
king of the villages
the
Franks
current formerly
October 5, semi- 509 then in
France Creation of Italy.[37][38]
1958 presidenti 843
the
al system Overseas
Kingdom of France:
known as
France Loss of
the Fifth
(West the
Republic
Francia), July 5, 1962 French
Treaty of departme
Verdun nts in
Algeria
following
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
the latter's
independe
nce.
Creation of
East Francia
East Francia
becomes the
843 then Holy
Roman
Empire
962
(with the
Kingdom of
Germany as
a main part
of the
empire)
German
The 1815 Confederati
on founded Reunificat
Basic
ion of
Law of German
May 23, West
Germany Germany January 18, 1871 Empire October 3, 1990
1949 Germany
comes founded
and East
into German Germany
effect. Democratic
Republic
(commonly
referred to
1954 at the time
as East
Germany)
declared
fully
sovereign
Federal
Republic of
Germany
May 5, 1955
(commonly
referred to
at the time
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
as West
Germany)
declared
fully
sovereign
Treaty on
the Final
Settlement
with
May 15, 1991 Respect to
Germany
ends the
Four Power
occupation.
Greek
Revolution
March 25, 1821 starts,
(Traditional) various
regional
February 23, administrati
1821 (Actual) ons
established Peace
during 1821 treaty
with Italy
Third First
June 11, awards
Greece Hellenic Hellenic February 10, 1947
1975 January 1, 1822 the
Republic Republic
Dodecane
proclaimed
se to
Independen Greece
ce
recognised
by the
Feb 3, 1830
London
Protocol as
Kingdom of
Greece.
People's Principality With the
Republic 895 of Hungary Paris
October 23, formed
Hungary of February 10, 1947 Peace
1989
Hungary Formation Treaty,
was 1000 Hungary
of the
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
replaced Kingdom of loses all
by the Hungary by territories
Republic Stephen I of that were
of Hungary. regained
Hungary with the
First and
Second
Vienna
Awards
and
during
World
War II,
thus it
returns to
the 1921
borders
(except
for three
villages in
the
northwest
given to
Czechoslo
vakia).
Iceland No
The becomes territorial
Icelandic sovereign changes
Common and on land
wealth independent have
establishe from taken
d and Denmark as place,
December 1,
Iceland 930 first the September 1, 1972 however
1918
meeting Kingdom of the
held of Iceland but expansion
the retains a of the
Althingi personal Exclusive
(Parliame union with Economic
nt). the King of Zone was
Denmark. such an
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
important
The change in
Althingi territory
resumes Kingdom of for
July 1, meeting Iceland Iceland
June 17, 1944
1845 after becomes a that it
hiatus Republic. merits a
since special
1799. inclusion
here.
Foundation
of the
1542
Kingdom of
Ireland
Irish Free
State
secedes
from United
Elected De facto:
Kingdom
Irish Northern
by
Parliame Ireland
agreement
nt Dáil secedes
in
Éireann December 6, from the
accordance
unilateral 1922 Irish Free
with the
January 21, ly State and
Ireland terms of the
1919 declares rejoins the
Anglo-Irish
Ireland's United
Treaty but December 8, 1922
independ Kingdom
remains a
ence in
dominion of
from the accordanc
the British
United e with the
Empire
Kingdom Irish Free
Statute of State
Westminste Constituti
r confers on Act
December 11, legislative 1922
1931 independen
ce from the
United
Kingdom
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
Constituti Republic of
on of Ireland Act
Ireland 1948
establishe terminates
s the the
roles of functions of
Taoiseac the British
h and King in
De jure:
President, Ireland’s
Amendme
and diplomatic
nt to the
replaces relations;
Irish
the Irish domestic
constituti
December Free United
April 18, 1949 December 2, 1999 on
29, 1937 State (or Kingdom
removes
Saorstat law purports
irredentist
Eireann that Ireland
claims to
in Irish was one of
Northern
language) the King’s
Ireland.[39]
with a dominions
new state until this
named date; Irish
Ireland law does
(or Éire not accept
in Irish this
language) interpretatio
. n.
Italian
March 17, 1861
unification
Establishme
Constituti nt of the
on of Kingdom of
Italy Italy, an
January 1, independent
Italy creating
1948 successor
the August 23, 476
Italian state created
Republic after the
Fall of the
Western
Roman
Empire
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
Sovereignty
of the
Kingdom of
Italy, an
independent
January 2, 888 c.
successor
state of the
dissolved
Carolingian
Empire
The Peace
treaty
with Italy
Disestablish officially
ment of the determine
German- s the
backed boundarie
Italian s of the
Social Republic
April 25, 1945 Republic, January 1, 1948 of Italy.
whereby the The
unity and Italian
independen Constituti
ce of the on of
Italian state 1948
was restored implemen
ts it at
articles 10
and 117.
Independen
November 18,
ce declared Abrene
1918
from Russia district
Constituti
Independen ceded to
November on of
Latvia ce (from 1944 Russian
7, 1922 Latvia
Soviet SFSR
enforced May 4, 1990
Union) (modern
reasserted[36 Russia)
]
Liechtenstei March 16, The 2003 Dissolution Purchase

October 19, 1813 January 23, 1719
n 2003 Liechtens of the of Vaduz
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
tein Confederati
constituti on of the
onal Rhine
referendu
m
increases
the
Prince's
powers
and
makes
the
country
an
absolute
monarchy
[40]
Act of the Coronation

Re- of King
Establish Mindaugas
ment of (state
the State 1253 established Western
of some time part
Lithuania earlier, (approxim
October 27, 1939
March 11, independ perhaps in ately half)
Lithuania and
1990 ence the 1230s) of Vilnius
August 3, 1940
(from the Region
Soviet Independen ceded to
Union) ce declared Lithuania
reasserted February 16, from
, end of 1918 Germany
occupatio and Russia
n[36]
Separates
from End of Partition
union German of
November with the occupation Luxembo
Luxembourg 1945 April 19, 1839
23, 1890 Kingdom during urg under
of the World War the Treaty
Netherlan II of London
ds,
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
becomes
Grand
Duchy in
its own
right
The State Independen
Gozo
December of Malta September 21, ce from
Malta August 20, 1801 rejoined
13, 1974 became a 1964 United
Malta
republic Kingdom
De jure:
Moldavia
August 2, 1940
n SSR
formed
De facto:
Pridnestro
vian
Moldavia
n
Republic
Constituti Independen declares
August 27, on of ce from independe
Moldova August 27, 1991 nce. The
1997 Moldova Soviet
(1997) Union[11] governme
September 2, 1990 nt is not
recognize
d by any
UN
member,
but has de
facto
control
over the
Transnistr
ia region.
Amendm Franco- Secession
ent to Monegasqu of Menton
December Constituti e Treaty and
Monaco 1861 1848
17, 1962 on of confirms Roquebru
Monaco Monaco's ne-Cap-
curtails sovereignty Martin.
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
the power (formerly a
of the protectorate
prince of the
and Kingdom of
establishe Sardinia)
s the
modern
National
Council
Formation
of Kingdom
of
1077
Duklja/Zeta
by King
Mihajlo I
Independen
ce officially
confirmed
by Ottoman
Empire Establish
Constituti
internationa ment of
October 22, on of July 13, 1878 November 25,
Montenegro lly by the SR
2007 Montene 1943
Treaty of Monteneg
gro
Berlin other ro
countries
recognized
earlier.
Declaration
of
independen
June 3, 2006 ce from
Serbia and
Montenegro
.
European
Adoption Netherlands:
Plakkaat
of the The
van
August 24, constituti United
Netherlands 1815 July 26, 1581 Verlatinghe March 16, 1839
on of the Kingdom
signed,
United of the
independen
Kingdom Netherlan
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
of the ce from ds divided
Netherlan Spain under the
ds. Treaty of
London
(1839).
Charter Kingdom of the
Surrender of Netherlands:
for the
Nazi forces Suriname
December Kingdom November 25,
May 5, 1945 occupying declares
15, 1954 of the 1975
the independe
Netherlan
Netherlands nce.
ds signed
After a
referendum,
the Socialist
Constituti Establish
Republic of
on of ment of
North November September 8, Macedonia
North August 2, 1944 SR
Macedonia 17, 1991 1991 declared
Macedoni Macedoni
independen
a a
ce from
Yugoslavia[
29]
King Harald
I of Norway
unifies the
872
Petty
kingdoms
of Norway.
Dissolution Jan
of the union Mayen
Constituti 1814 between was made
Norway 1814 on of Norway and February 27, 1930 part of the
Norway Denmark. Kingdom
of
Dissolution Norway.
of the union
June 7, 1905 between
Norway and
Sweden.
German
May 8, 1945
occupying
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
forces
surrender.
adoption of
Christianity
by the first
The first 966 historically
partially documented
free Polish ruler Polish-
Parliame Mieszko I. Soviet
June 4, nt's vote
Poland
1989 after 45- formation of February 15, 1951 border
the adjustmen
year-long
Kingdom of t treaty
Soviet
dominati 1025 Poland by
on Mieszko's
son
Bolesław I
Chrobry.
Continental
Portugal:
Spain
occupies
County of the
Portugal present
becomes day
independent June 6, 1801 border
from the town of
Kingdom of Olivença
León after since the
Constituti the Battle of War of
April 2,
Portugal on of July 26, 1139 Ourique as the
1976
Portugal part of the Oranges.
Reconquista Portuguese
. Overseas:
Recognized De facto:
by León in Portugues
1143 and by December 20, e Macau
the Pope in 1999 transferre
1179. d to the
People's
Republic
of China
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
Portuguese
Overseas:
De jure:
Portugues
e Timor,
occupied
by
Indonesia
since
May 20, 2002 1975,
officially
dissolved
to form
the
independe
nt state of
East
Timor.[41]
Autonomou
s
Principality
of Romania
founded;
becomes
January 24, 1859 kingdom in Soviet
1866 and occupatio
Romania achieved n of
December n indepdence February 10, 1947
Romania Bessarabi
22, 1989 Revolutio 1878 a and
n of 1989 Ottoman Northern
Empire Bukovina
Internationa
l
recognition
July 13, 1878
by the
Treaty of
Berlin.
Traditional Added
Constituti September 3, 301 founding
Fiorentino
San Marino 1600 on of San 1463
Formation ,
Marino 1243
of Montegiar
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
republican dino,
government Serravalle
, and
Faetano
Independ
ence The
from SFR region of
Independen
Yugoslav Kosovo
ce of
ia, declared
Serbian
April 27, forming independe
Principality
1992 the nce
from the
Federal unilaterall
Byzantine
Republic y on 17
Empire.
of February
Yugoslav 2008, and
ia.[29] is
Republic recognize
of Serbia d by 108
February 17, 2008
Serbia declared 768[42] (disputed) [43] UN states.
legal Serbia
successor recognize
to Serbia s the
and governme
Montene nt of
June 8, Kosovo
gro,
2006 but claims
ending
the its
process territory
of the as an
dissolutio Autonom
n of ous
Yugoslav Province.
ia.
Dissolution
Dissoluti of
January 1, on of Czechoslov
Slovakia January 1, 1993
1993 Czechosl akia,
ovakia creating
Slovakia
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
and Czech
Republic
Declaration
of
Constituti Formation
December independen
Slovenia on of June 25, 1991 February 19, 1945 of SR
13, 1991 ce from
Slovenia Slovenia
Yugoslavia[
29]
Dinastical
unification
of the
Crown of
Castile and
the Crown
of Aragon
by the
Catholic
Monarchs.
The
government
s,
institutions, Spanish
and legal Sahara is
Spanish traditions of lost
December
Spain Constituti 1479 each February 26, 1976 following
6, 1978
on kingdom the
remained Madrid
independent Accords.
of each
other to the
present day;
alien laws
(Leyes de
extranjeria)
determined
that the
national of
one
kingdom
was a
foreigner in
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
the other
Crowns/Stat
es.[44]
De jure by
the Nueva
1707~1716
Planta
decrees
Dissolution
of crowns
and
kingdoms
1831 and creation
de jure, of
the unified
Kingdom of
Spain.
Eric the
Victorious,
the first
king of
Sweden
970 (Or prior) about whom
anything
definite is
known,
Instrume becomes Loss of
January 1, nt of king. Finland to
Sweden March 29, 1809
1974 Governm Gustav Imperial
ent Vasa Russia.
elected
King of
Sweden and
June 6, 1523 marking a
definite
secession
from the
Kalmar
Union.
November Foundati Traditional The
Switzerland 1291 1815
12, 1848 on of the founding cantons of
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
federal Restoration Valais,
state after of the Neuchâtel
Sonderbu Ancien and
nd war Régime Geneva
(federalism) join the
August 7, 1815
, reverting Swiss
the changes Confedera
imposed by tion.
Napoleon
Bonaparte.
Independen
ce of
Ukrainian
People's
January 25, 1918 Republic
from
Russian
Independ Republic Annexatio
ence declared.
August 24, n of
Ukraine from March 18, 2014
1991 Independen Crimea by
Soviet
ce of former Russia
Union
Ukrainian
Soviet
August 24, 1991 Socialist
Republic
from Soviet
Union
declared.[11]
The Acts Kingdom of Irish Free
of Union Wessex State
united the Kingdom of secedes
two 519 then England from the
kingdoms 927 United
December 6, 1922
United January 1, of Great United with then December 8, Kingdom
Kingdom 1801 Britain Scotland in 1922 of Great
and 1707 Britain
Ireland to and
create the Kingdom of Ireland by
United 843 Scotland agreement
Kingdom in
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
of Great United with accordanc
Britain England in e with the
and 1707 terms of
Ireland[45] the
[46][47]
(Devolved Anglo-
Parliament Irish
since 1999) Treaty
and the
Irish Free
State
Constituti
on Act
1922, and
Northern
Ireland
opts to
exclude
itself from
the Free
State two
days
later.[37]
Kingdom of
May 1, 1707 Great
Britain
Lordship of
1171 then Ireland British
1542 Kingdom of Overseas
Territories:
Ireland
Hong
Principality Kong is
of Wales July 1, 1997 transferre
d to the
United with People's
or annexed Republic
1216 to England of China
in 1542
(Devolved
Assembly
since 1999)
Date of
most
Birth of recent
Date of
current significan
acquisition
of
governm territoria
sovereignty
ent l
modificat
ion
Ratification
Birth of
of the
current
Lateran
form of Signing of
Treaty,
governme the
Vatican City 1274 nt the
June 7, 1929 making the February 11, 1929
Lateran
Vatican
Papal Treaty
City a
conclave
sovereign
in 1274
State
Oceania
Date of
most
Birth of recent
current signific
Date of acquisition of
Country Date form of Date Date ant
sovereignty
governm territor
ent ial
modific
ation
January 1, Independence from Papua
1901 United Kingdom. New
Common December Guinea
wealth of Statute of Westminster become
11, 1931
Australia s
January 1, September
Australia establishe formall
1901 16, 1975
d as y
federatio March 3, indepen
Australia Act 1986
n. 1986 dent of
Australi
a
October 10, Independence from
Fiji
1970 United Kingdom
Separati
on of
July 12, Independence from October 1, Gilbert
Kiribati
1979 United Kingdom 1975 Islands
(later
Kiribati
Date of
most
Birth of recent
current signific
sovereignty
governm territor
ent ial
modific
ation
) and
Ellice
Islands
(later
Tuvalu)
Constituti
on and
local Compact of Free
May 1, October 21,
Marshall Islands governm Association with the
1979 1986
ent United States
establishe
d
Yap,
Chuuk,
Pohnpei
, and
Kosrae
unite to
Constituti Compact of Free
Federated States May 10, November May 10, form
on Association with the
of Micronesia 1979 3, 1986 1979 the
ratified United States
Federat
ed
States
of
Micron
esia
Independence from
UN Trusteeship
January 31,
Nauru (Australian, British
1968
and New Zealand
administration ends)
Treaty of January 17, Samoa
Self-Government
Waitangi 1853 become
between April 18, Responsible s fully
the 1856 Government indepen
February June 1,
New Zealand British Granted nominal dent
6, 1840 September 1962
Crown independence from
and the 26, 1907 New
(Dominion status).
indigeno October 25, Balfour Declaration of Zealand
us Māori 1926 1926 — Great Britain . It is
Date of
most
Birth of recent
current signific
sovereignty
governm territor
ent ial
modific
ation
tribes and the Dominions are also the
cedes “autonomous first
kawanata Communities within small-
nga of the British Empire, island
New equal in status, in no country
Zealand way subordinate one to in the
to Queen another in any aspect Pacific
Victoria. of their domestic or to
external affairs” become
Governor-General indepen
ceases to represent the dent.
July 27, British Government
1938 and becomes the
personal representative
of the King.
Statute of Westminster
adopted — Britain
November loses the power to
25, 1947 legislate for New
Zealand except by
request
December Full power to amend
10, 1947 own constitution
Governor-General
December
becomes a New
1, 1967
Zealand appointment
Republic
of Palau
created Emerged from United
January 1, upon October 1, Nations trusteeship
Palau
1981 adoption 1994 (administered by the
of United States).
constituti
on
December Self-governing
Papua New 1, 1973 territory
Guinea September Independence from
16, 1975 Australia
Date of
most
Birth of recent
current signific
sovereignty
governm territor
ent ial
modific
ation
June 1, Independence from
Samoa
1962 New Zealand
Self-government
January 2,
granted by United
1976
Solomon Islands Kingdom
Independence from
July 7, 1978
United Kingdom
Unificat
ion of
what is
now the
islands
Independence from December of
Tonga July 4, 1970
United Kingdom 4, 1845 Tonga
by
George
Tupou I
of
Tonga
Treaty
with
United
States
Separatio recogni
n of zing
Gilbert Tuvalua
Islands n
(later control
October 1, October 1, Independence from February 7,
Tuvalu Kiribati) over
1975 1978 United Kingdom 1979
and Funafut
Ellice i,
Islands Nukufet
(later au,
Tuvalu) Nukula
elae,
and
Niulakit
a atolls
Date of
most
Birth of recent
current signific
sovereignty
governm territor
ent ial
modific
ation
Independence from
July 30,
Vanuatu joint British-French
1980
condominium[48]
Transcontinental states
Birth of Date of most

current recent
Countr Date of acquisition of
Date form of Date Date significant
y sovereignty
governm territorial
ent modification
2015 Establishment of the
321 BC
Armenia Kingdom of Armenia.[11]
n
constituti
Septembe onal Establishment
Ar December 5,
r 21, referend Septembe of the Armenian
menia
1991 um Independence recognized by 1936 SSR
r 21,
creates a 1991 the Soviet Union
parliame
ntary
republic
Declarati
on of
independ Establishment of the Establishment
Aze October May 28,
ence Azerbaijan Democratic April 28, 1920 of the
rbaijan 18, 1991 1918
from the Republic.[11] Azerbaijan SSR
Soviet
Union
Creation July 20, Independence declared from
of the 1810 Spain Separation of
November 3,
Panama from
Col August 4, Republic August 7, Independence recognized by 1903 Colombia
ombia 1886 of 1819 Spain
Colombi
a 1830 Dissolution of Gran Colombia
Constitut Establishment
Cy August ion of August Independence from United
July 23, 1974
of the United
prus 16, 1960 Cyprus 16, 1960 Kingdom Nations Buffer
establish Zone in Cyprus
current recent
y sovereignty
governm territorial
ent modification
es
Northern
consocial
Cyprus declares
governm
independence.
ent.
The government
Consocia November 15,
has de facto
tionalism 1983
control of the
de facto (disputed)
northern part of
suspende
the island, but is
d in
only recognised
1963.[49][
50][51] by Turkey
Egyptian Unilateral recognition of
July 23,
Revoluti February independence by the United
1952 on of 28, 1922 Kingdom but continued
1952 British military occupation
Withdrawal of
New Withdrawal of last British last Israeli
June 18,
Egyptian troops from the Suez Canal troops and
1956
constituti Zone settlers from
Eg April 25, 1982
on enters Sinai as agreed
ypt
force upon in the
January
followin De facto disestablishment of peace treaty
18, 2014 Septembe
g the the United Arab Republic with Israel
2013 r 28,
following a military coup in
Egyptian 1961
Damascus
coup
d'état
Abkhazia
Independ 1008 Establishment of the unilaterally
July 23, 1992
ence Kingdom of Georgia declared
Ge April 9, from the independence
orgia 1991 Soviet South Ossetia
Union May 26, Establishment of Democratic November 28, unilaterally
declared 1918 Republic of Georgia[11] 1991 declared
independence
Ratificati Indonesian Declaration of
August
on of the Independence from
17, 1945
Constitut Netherlands Independence of
ion of East Timor,
Ind August Indonesi May 20, 2002
formerly
onesia 18, 1945 a by the Decembe administered as
Preparat Independence from the a province of
r 27,
ory Netherlands recognized Indonesia
1949
Committ
ee for
current recent
y sovereignty
governm territorial
ent modification
Indonesi
an
Independ
ence
Establishment
December 5,
of the Kazakh
1936
Constitut SSR
Ka Decembe
August ion of Independence declared from Baikonur
zakhsta r 16,
30, 1995 Kazakhst the Soviet Union[11] March 30, Cosmodrome
n 1991
an 1993 and surrounding
(disputed) areas leased to
Russia.[52]
Separation of Panama from
Pa Novembe October 1, Panama Canal
Colombia, independence from
nama r 3, 1903 1979 Zone
Spain
1993 882 Formation of the Kievan Rus'
Russian
constituti
onal
referend
um
replaces
the
Decembe March 18, Annexation of
Ru r 25, Supreme Russian SFSR declares 2014 Crimea by
ssia Soviet June 12, sovereignty over its own
1993 (disputed) Russia
with the 1990 territory[11]
Federal
Assembl
y and
increases
president
ial
power.
Turkey
transitio Turkey annexes
Tu October ns into a 1299 The foundation of the Turkish
June 29, 1939
the once Syrian
rkey 29, 1923 republic State of the Ottoman Empire. province of
from Hatay.
empire.
Sortable list
In this list, "date of last subordination" refers to the last date of control by an external
government. The list shows large groupings associated with the dates of independence from
decolonization (e.g. 41 current states gained control of sovereignty from United Kingdom and
France between 1956 and 1966) or dissolution of a political union (e.g. 18 current states gained
control of sovereignty from Soviet Union and Yugoslavia between 1990 and 1992). In other
cases, a sovereign state submitted to foreign military occupation or political subjugation for a
period of time and later regained its independence (e.g. 6 current states gained control of
sovereignty from Nazi Germany between 1944 and 1945).
Dates refer to de facto rule or occupation of the major territory, whether or not legitimized by
international recognition.
In a union such as Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, or the Kalmar Union, one of the
constituents can be considered the dominant power – generally where the seat of government
was located. The United Kingdom is a particularly complicated case. If England is viewed as the
dominant member, then history can be traced from Roman conquest, Saxon invasions, 10th
century unification, and the 1066 Norman Conquest before the union of England and Scotland in
1707. However, if viewed from a Scottish perspective, an unbroken history of sovereignty can be
traced from unification in 843 through the 1707 union with England (with a brief annexation by
England from 1657 to 1660). Some Scots view the 1707 union as a ceding of sovereignty to
England.[53]
First Date of last

acquisition subordinatio Previous
Country Continent of sovereignty n governing power Notes
Afghanistan Asia 678 BC 1823 Qajar dynasty
1992–present:
Republic of
Albania
1944–92: People's
Socialist Republic
of Albania
1928–44: Albanian
Kingdom (de facto
protectorate of Italy 1928-
1939; occupied by Italy
1939-43; occupied by
Germany 1943-44)
Albania Europe Nov 28, 1912 Nov 1944[54] Germany 1925–28: Albanian
Republic (de facto
protectorate of Italy)
1914–25:
Principality of
Albania (via Albanian
Declaration of
Independence)
1912–14:
Provisional
Government of
Albania
First Date of last
1479–1912: Part of
Ottoman Empire
1444–79: League
of Lezhë
1190–1444:
Various Albanian
principalities
Before 1190: Part
of Byzantine
Empire
1962–present:
People's
Democratic
Republic of
Algeria (via Évian
Accords)
Algeria Africa Jul 3, 1962 [55]

Jul 3, 1962 France 1830–1962:
integral part of
France (as French
Algeria)
1556–1830: part of
the Ottoman
Empire (as the Eyalet of
Algiers)
1278–present:
Principality of
Sep 7,
Andorra Europe Nov 1944[58] France Andorra (via Paréage
1278[56][57] of Andorra; occupied by
France 1812-13, 1870, 1914,
1936, 1939, 1944)
1992–present:
Republic of
Angola
1975–1992:
Nov 11, People's Republic
Angola Africa Nov 11, 1975 Portugal
1975[59] of Angola (via the
Alvor Agreement)
1575–1975:
Portuguese Angola
(colony of Portugal)
1981–present:
Antigua and
Barbuda
Antigua and The Americas Nov 1, 1981[60] Nov 1, 1981 United 1632–1981: Colony
Barbuda Kingdom of England/Great
Britain/United
Kingdom (ruled by
France in 1666)
Before 1632:
First Date of last
Inhabited by
indigenous peoples
of the Americas
1861–present:
Argentine
Republic
1831–1861:
Argentine
Confederation
1810–1831: United
Provinces of the
Rio de la Plata (via
the 1810 May Revolution;
on 9 July 1816, the Congress
of Tucumán issued the
formal Declaration of
Independence)
July 9, 1776–1810:
Argentina The Americas May 25, 1810 Spain
1816[61] Viceroyalty of the
Río de la Plata
(colony of Spain)
1542–1824: Part of
Viceroyalty of Peru
(colony of Spain)
1528–1542: Part of
Spanish colony
Before 1528:
Inhabited by
indigenous peoples
of the Americas,
including the Inca
Empire
1991–present:
Republic of
Armenia
1920–1991:
Armenian Soviet
Socialist Republic
1918–1920:
Transcontinent Democratic
Sep 23,
Armenia al - 2492 BC Soviet Union Republic of
1991[62]
Asia/Europe Armenia
1829–1918: Part of
Russian empire
Before 1829: Part
of Ottoman Empire
321 BC–AD 428:
First independent
as Kingdom of
First Date of last
Armenia
549 BC–331 BC:
Part of Achaemenid
Empire
860 BC–590 BC:
Kingdom of Ararat
1114 BC–860 BC:
Nairi
1300 BC–1190 BC:
Arme-Shupria
1500 BC–1290 BC:
Hayasa-Azzi
2492 BC:
Traditional
foundation
1901–present:
Commonwealth of
Australia (via
Constitution of Australia[63])
United 1788–1901: Part of
Australia Oceania Jan 1, 1901 Oct 9, 1942 British empire
Kingdom
Before 1788:
Inhabited by
Indigenous
Australians
1955–present:
Republic of
Austria (via Austrian
State Treaty)
1945–55: Allied-
occupied Austria
1938–45: Annexed
by Nazi Germany
1934–38: Federal
State of Austria
World War II (client state of Italy)
Nov 12, May 15,
Austria Europe Allies (Allied- 1919–34: First
1918[64] 1955[65]
occupied Austria) Republic of Austria
(via Treaty of Saint
Germain)
1918–19: Republic
of German-Austria
(via Proclamation of Charles
I)
1867–1918:
Austria-Hungary
(via Austro-Hungarian
Compromise of 1867)
1804–67: Austrian
Empire
First Date of last
1457–1804:
Archduchy of
Austria (state of the Holy
Roman Empire)
1156–1457: Duchy
of Austria (state of the
Holy Roman Empire)
1995–present:
Republic of
Azerbaijan
(independence from Soviet
Union declared 1991;
constitution adopted 1995)
1920-1995:
Azerbaijan Soviet
Socialist Republic
1918-1920:
Azerbaijan
Democratic
Republic
1824-1918: Part of
Russian Empire
1796–1824: Part of
Qajar Empire
1747–1796: Part of
Transcontinent Afsharid Dynasty
Azerbaijan al - May 28, 1918 Aug 30, 1991 Soviet Union (1760–1794): Part
Asia/Europe of Zand Dynasty
1736–1747: Part of
Afsharid Empire
(1722–1729): Part
of Hotaki Dynasty
1501–1736: Part of
Safavid Empire
1468–1508: Part of
Agh Qoyunlu
1405–1507: Part of
Timurid Dynasty
1406–1468: Part of
Qara Qoyunlu
1370–1405: Part of
Timurid Empire
1337–1376: Part of
Sarbadars
1336–1432: Part of
Jalayirid Dynasty
1335–1393: Part of
First Date of last
Muzaffarid
Dynasty
1335–1357: Part of
Chobanid Dynasty
1256–1335: Part of
Ilkhanate Empire
1077–1231: Part of
Khwarazmian
Empire
1037–1194: Part of
Great Seljuq
Empire
963–1186: Part of
Ghaznavid Empire
875–999: Part of
Samanid Dynasty
934–1055: Part of
Buyid Dynasty
867–1002: Part of
Saffarid Dynasty
928–1043: Part of
Ziyarid Dynasty
750–1258: Part of
Abbasid Caliphate
661–750: Part of
Umayyad Caliphate
(642–759/760):
Part of Dabuyid
dynasty
224–651: Part of
Sassanid Empire
247 BCE – 224 CE:
Part of Parthian
Empire
312–63 BCE: Part
of Seleucid Empire
550–330 BCE: Part
of Achaemenid
Empire
(652–625 BCE):
Part of Scythian
Kingdom
678–550 BCE: Part
of Median Empire
850–616 BCE: Part
of Mannaeans
2700–539 BCE:
First Date of last
Part of Elam
3200–2700 BCE:
Part of Proto-
Elamite
1973–present:
Commonwealth of
the Bahamas(Self-
government gained from the
United Kingdom in 1964;
independence gained on 10
July 1973)
July 10, United 1718-1973: Part of
Bahamas The Americas July 10, 1973 the British West
1973[66] Kingdom
Indies
1492-1718: Part of
the Spanish Empire
500to 800-1492:
Inhabited by the
Lucayans
1971–present:
Kingdom of
Bahrain
1861–1971:
Protectorate of the
British Empire by
way of the
Perpetual Truce of
Peace and
Friendship
1783–1861: Ruled
by the Bani Utbah
1717–1783: Ruled
by Oman after a
United
Bahrain Asia Dec 16, 1971 Dec 16, 1971 successful invasion
Kingdom
1602–1717: Part of
Persia under the
Safavid dynasty
1521–1602: Part of
the Portuguese
Empire
Mid-1400s–1521:
Ruled by the Jabrid
dynasty
1253-mid–1400s:
Ruled by the
usfurid dynasty
1076–1235: Ruled
by the Uyunid
First Date of last
dynasty
976–1076: Ruled as
part of the Abbasid
Caliphate
899–976: Ruled by
the Qarmatians
3rd Century CE–
899: Ruled by the
Sassanids of Persia
130 BCE–3rd
Century BCE:
Ruled by the
Parthians
6th Century BCE–
3rd Century BCE:
Part of the Persian
Empire under the
Achaemenids
4th millennium
BCE–6th century
BCE: Dilmun
civilization
1972–present:
People's Republic
of Bangladesh
1971–1972:
Provisional
Government of the
People's Republic
of Bangladesh
1955–1971: East
Pakistan (Part of
Pakistan)
1947–1955: East
Mar 26,
Bangladesh Asia Dec 16, 1971 Pakistan Bengal (Part of
1971[67]
Pakistan)
1858–1947: Part of
the British Raj
1717–1880: Ruled
by the Nawabs
(Lost ruling power
after the Battle of
Plassey)
1576–1717: Part of
the Mughal Empire
1556–1576: Ruled
by the Karrani
First Date of last
Dynasty
1540–1556: Ruled
by the Sur dynasty
1538–1540: Part of
the Mughal Empire
1494–1538: Ruled
by the Hussain
Shahi Dynasty
1414–1494: Ruled
by the Ganesha
Dynasty
1342–1487:
Shamsuddin lliyas
Shah ruled an
independent city-
state within modern
Bangladesh
Claimed by Spain
United
Barbados The Americas Nov 30, 1966 Nov 30, 1966 and Portugal in the
Kingdom
16th century.
1990–present:
Republic of
Belarus
1943–1990:
Byelorussian
Soviet Socialist
Republic
1941–1943:
Occupation by Nazi
Germany
1922–1941:
Byelorussian SSR
Belarus Europe Jul 27, 1990 Aug 25, 1991 Soviet Union as part of Soviet
Union (USSR)
1920–1922:
Byelorussian
Soviet Socialist
Republic
1919–1919:
Lithuanian–
Byelorussian
Soviet Socialist
Republic
1795–1919: Part of
the Russian Empire
as Belarusian
First Date of last
People's Republic
1569–1795:
Polish–Lithuanian
Commonwealth
1236–1569: Part of
Grand Duchy of
Lithuania
987: Principality of
Polotsk
1830–present:
Kingdom of
Belgium
1813–1830: Part of
the Netherlands
1795–1813: Ruled
Belgium Europe Oct 4, 1830 1945 Germany by France
1713–1795:
Austrian
Netherlands
1581–1714:
Spanish
Netherlands
United
Belize The Americas Sep 21, 1981[68] Sep 21, 1981
Kingdom
1990–present:
Republic of Benin
1975–1990:
People's Republic
of Benin
1958–1975:
Republic of
Dahomey (French
self-governing
Benin Africa Aug 1, 1960[69] Aug 1, 1960 France colony)
1904–1958: French
Dahomey (as part
of French West
Africa)
1894–1904:
Kingdom of
Dahomey (French
Protectorate)
1904–c.1600:
Kingdom of
First Date of last
Dahomey (African
kingdom)
Autonomous since
at least the 10th
century.[70] Unified
1634, after the
Battle of Five
Lamas. Early
history is sketchy,
Bhutan Asia 1634 1634 (none)
but may have been
part of Kamarupa
kingdom, and may
have been occupied
by Tibetan-Mongol
forces ca. 10th
century.[71]
1836–39 as
dominant partner in
Peru–Bolivian
Bolivia The Americas Aug 6, 1825 Aug 6, 1825 Spain
Confederation,
governed from
Tacna, Peru.
1997–present:
Bosnia and
Herzegovina
1992–1997:
Republic of Bosnia
and Herzegovina
1945–1992: Part of
Independent State
of Croatia (Nazi
Germany invasion)
1918–1941: Part of
Bosnia and Kingdom of
Europe 1377 Mar 3, 1992 Yugoslavia
Herzegovina Yugoslavia
1878–1918: Part of
Austria-Hungary
Empire
1463–1878: Part of
Ottoman Empire
1377–1463:
Kingdom of Bosnia
1154-1377: Banate
of Bosnia (subject
to Kingdom of
Hungary)
First Date of last
United
Botswana Africa Sep 30, 1966[72] Sep 30, 1966
Kingdom
1500–1815: Part of
the Portuguese
Empire
United 1815–1822: United
The Americas Sep 7, 1822[73] Sep 7, 1822 Kingdom of Kingdom of
Brazil
Portugal, Brazil
Portugal, Brazil and
and the Algarves Algarves
1822–1889: Empire
of Brazil
United Previously
Brunei Asia Jan 1, 1984 Jan 1, 1984
Kingdom occupied by Japan
Occupied by
Byzantine Empire
Europe 681[74] Oct 5, 1908 Ottoman 1018–1185 and
Bulgaria
Empire Ottoman Empire
1393–1878.
Burkina Africa Aug 5, 1960[75] Aug 5, 1960 France
Faso
Burundi Africa July 1, 1962 July 1, 1962 Belgium
Khmer Empire
founded 802
Nov 9,
Cambodia Asia 802 France according to Sdok
1953[76]
Kok Thom
Inscription
French Cameroons
gained
independence in
United
Cameroon Africa Jan 1, 1960 Oct 1, 1961 1960; added British
Kingdom
Southern
Cameroons in
1961.
Dominion status
United 1867, Statute of
Canada The Americas July 1, 1867 Dec 11, 1931
Kingdom Westminster
1931.[77]
July 5,
Cape Verde Africa July 5, 1975 Portugal
1975[78]
Central
African Africa Aug 13, 1960 Aug 13, 1960 France
Republic
Chad Africa Aug 11, 1960 Aug 11, 1960 France
Chile The Americas Sep 18, 1810 Feb 12, 1818 Spain
First Date of last
1949–present:
People's
Republic of China
1912–present:
Republic of China
(1912-49)
Taiwan
1895–1945:
Japanese Taiwan
1895: Republic
of Formosa
1644–1912:
Qing dynasty
1624–1662: Dutch
Formosa / Spanish
Formosa
1368–1644: Ming
dynasty
1271–1368: Yuan
dynasty
China, 960–1279: Song
People's China dynasty
Oct 1, 1949
Republic of Asia Oct 10, 1911 Japan(only 907–1125: Five
Oct 25, 1945
China, ruled Taiwan) Dynasties and Ten
Republic of Kingdoms / Liao
dynasty
618–907: Tang
dynasty
581–618: Sui
dynasty
420–589: Northern
and Southern
dynasties
265–420: Jin
dynasty
220–280: Three
Kingdoms
206 BC–220 AD:
Han dynasty
221–206 BC: Qin
dynasty
c. 1046–256 BC:
Zhou dynasty
c. 1600–c. 1046
BC: Shang dynasty
c. 2070–c. 1600
First Date of last
BC: Xia dynasty
c. 8500–c. 2070
BC: Neolithic
Note: Although the
Mongol's Yuan
Dynasty and the
Manchu's Qing
Dynasty were
considered foreign
by many Han
Chinese in their
times, current
Chinese official
position considers
these two dynasties
as Chinese, as they
were established by
Chinese ethnic
minorities and had
their capitals in
present-day
Beijing. The PRC
government
considers itself the
successor of the
Republic of China.
1886–present:
Republic of
Colombia
1863–1886: United
States of Colombia
1858–1863:
Granadine
Confederation
1831–1858:
Colombia The Americas Jul 20, 1810 Aug 7, 1819 Spain Republic of New
Granada
1819–1831: Gran
Colombia
1810–1816: United
Provinces of New
Granada
1739–1819:
Viceroyalty of New
Granada
1723–1739: New
First Date of last
Kingdom of
Granada
1717–1723:
Viceroyalty of New
Granada
1550–1717: New
Kingdom of
Granada
Comoros Africa Jul 6, 1975 Jul 6, 1975 France
1885 Berlin
Conference
established Congo
Free State as
Congo,
sovereign entity
Democratic Africa 1885 Jun 30, 1960 Belgium
(private domain of
Republic of the King Leopold of
Belgium); annexed
to Belgium 1908–
1960.
Congo, Africa Aug 15, 1960 Aug 15, 1960 France
Republic of the
Previously part of
Federal Mexico 1822–23
Costa Rica The Americas Sep 15, 1821 1838 Republic of and a colony of
Central America Spain before 1821.
Côte Africa Aug 7, 1960 Aug 7, 1960 France
d'Ivoire
1991–present:
Republic of
Croatia
1945–1991:
Socialist Federal
Republic of
Yugoslavia
1941–1945: Part of
Independent State
Croatia Europe May 21, 879[79] Oct 8, 1991 Yugoslavia of Croatia (Nazi
Germany invasion)
1918–1941: Part of
the Kingdom of
Yugoslavia (Kingdom
of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes)
1868–1918:
Kingdom of
Croatia-Slavonia
First Date of last
1527–1868:
Kingdom of
Croatia (in the union
with Kingdom of Hungary
within Habsburg Monarchy,
Austrian Empire and
Austria-Hungary)
1102–1526:
Kingdom of
Croatia (in the union
with Kingdom of Hungary)
925–1102:
Kingdom of
Croatia
A colony of Spain
until 1898, then
May 20,
Cuba The Americas May 20, 1902 United States occupied but not
1902
annexed by United
States 1899–1902.
United
Cyprus Europe Aug 16, 1960 Aug 16, 1960
Kingdom
Duchy of Bohemia
first independent
from Great
Moravia ca. 870;
unified with
Moravia and Silesia
under Boleslaus I,
Duke of Bohemia,
who acceded to the
Czech throne in 935. Later
Europe 870 Jan 1, 1993
Republic Czechoslovakia part of Austria-
Hungary until 1918
independence as
Czechoslovakia.
Occupied by
Germany in 1938,
by WWII Allies in
1945, and by
Warsaw Pact
armies in 1968.
Unified ca 980 by
Denmark Europe 980 May 5, 1945 Germany
Harald Bluetooth.
Djibouti Africa Jun 27, 1977 Jun 27, 1977 France
United
Dominica The Americas Nov 3, 1978 Nov 3, 1978
Kingdom
First Date of last
1821 ( Previously
Dominican
The Americas Republic of Feb 27, 1844 Haiti occupied by Spain,
Republic France, and Haiti
Spanish Haiti)
May 13, Gran Previously a colony
Ecuador The Americas May 24, 1822
1830 Colombia of Spain
Unified in 3100 BC
by Pharaoh Menes
or probably
Narmer, founder of
the First Dynasty.
Conquered at
Transcontinent United various times by
Egypt 3100 BC Feb 28, 1922
al - Africa/Asia Kingdom Achaemenid,
Macedonian,
Roman,
Arab/Islamic,
Ottoman, and
Napoleonic
Empires.
Previously a part of
the Federal
Greater Republic of Central
El Salvador The Americas Sep 15, 1821 Nov 21, 1898 Republic of America 1823–38,
Central America Mexico 1822–23,
and a colony of
Spain before 1821.
Equatorial
Africa Oct 12, 1968 Oct 12, 1968 Spain
Guinea
Independent 1137–
1889 as Medri
Bahri kingdom.
May 24, Occupied 1889 by
Eritrea Africa 1137 Ethiopia
1993 Italy, 1941 by
Britain. Ruled
1952-1993 by
Ethiopia.
Previously ruled by
Sweden and
occupied by
Estonia Europe Feb 24, 1918[80] Aug 20, 1991 Soviet Union
Denmark, Poland,
Russia, and
Germany.
2018–present:
United
Eswatini Africa Sep 6, 1968 Sep 6, 1968 Kingdom of
Kingdom
Eswatini
First Date of last
Before 2018:
Kingdom of
Swaziland
Aksumite Empire
founded ca 50.
Occupied 1936–
1941 by Italy. On 5
Ethiopia Africa 50 May 5, 1941 Italy
May 1941 the
ousted Emperor of
Ethiopia was
restored.[81]
United
Fiji Oceania Oct 10, 1970 Oct 10, 1970
Kingdom
Previously ruled by
Finland Europe Dec 6, 1917 Jan 4, 1918 Russia
Sweden.
843 Treaty of
Verdun established
France Europe 843 1944 Germany West Francia.
Occupied by
Germany in WWII.
Gabon Africa Aug 17, 1960 Aug 17, 1960 France
United
Gambia Africa Feb 18, 1965 Feb 18, 1965
Kingdom
1991–Present:
Republic of
Georgia
1921–1991:
Georgian Soviet
Socialist Republic
1918–1921 :
Democratic
Republic of
Georgia
Transcontinent
1801–1918: Part Of
Georgia al - 1300 BC Apr 8, 1991 Soviet Union
Russian Empire
Asia/Europe
1490–1801
Fragmentized into
three independent
kingdoms – Kartli,
Kakheti, and
Imereti and five
semi-independent
principalities –
Odishi, (Mingrelia),
Guria, Abkhazia,
First Date of last
Svaneti, and
Samtskhe
978–1490:
Kingdom of
Georgia
Unified in 1871.
Occupied 1945–
1955 until
ratification of
Bonn–Paris
West conventions.
March 15, Germany Become fully
Germany Europe Jan 18, 1871
1991 East Germany sovereign on 15
West Berlin March 1991 after
the Treaty on the
Final Settlement
with Respect to
Germany came into
effect.
United
Ghana Africa Mar 6, 1957 Mar 6, 1957
Kingdom
Before the Greek
Bulgaria War of
Nazi Independence,
Greece Europe Feb 3, 1830 1945
Germany Greece was
Italy occupied by the
Ottoman Empire.
United
Grenada The Americas Feb 7, 1974 Feb 7, 1974
Kingdom
Republic of
Guatemala: 1838–
present
Federal
Federal Republic of Central
Guatemala The Americas Sep 15, 1821 1838 Republic of America: 1823–
Central America 1838
First Mexican
Empire: 1821–1823
Spanish
Empire: 1519–1821
Guinea Africa Oct 2, 1958 Oct 2, 1958 France
Guinea-
Africa Sep 24, 1973 Sep 10, 1974 Portugal
Bissau
May 26, United Previously
Guyana The Americas May 26, 1966
1966 Kingdom colonized by Dutch
First Date of last
Previously a colony
Haiti The Americas Jan 1, 1804 Jan 1, 1804 France of France.
Occupied several
times by United
States.[citation needed]
the Greater
Greater Republic of Central
Honduras The Americas Sep 15, 1821 1838 Republic of America 1896–98,
Central America the Federal
Republic of Central
America 1823–38,
Mexico 1822–23
and a colony of
Spain before 1821.
Principality of
Hungary founded
895. Ruled by
Hungary Europe 895 1918 Austria- Austria 1526/1699–
Hungary
1867, part of
Austria-Hungary
1867–1918.
Icelandic
Commonwealth
formed 930. Ceded
to Norway 1262;
Kingdom of
Iceland Europe 930 Dec 1, 1918 Denmark Iceland (1918–
1944) with a
Personal union with
Denmark, Republic
of Iceland founded
1944.
India's local name
Bhārat derives from
the legendary
Bharata (either
Dushyanta's son
Bharata or
United
India Asia 2000 BCE Aug 15, 1947 Rishabha's son
Kingdom
Bharata), held by
tradition as the first
emperor to unite
India in 2000
BC.[citation needed]
Modern Indian
First Date of last
subcontinent was
united by
Mahajanapadas in
600 BC. Political
unity in verified
historiography was
first achieved by
Chandragupta
Maurya's founding
of the Mauryan
Empire in 322 BC,
followed by the
Gupta Empire of
320 AD and
Maratha Empire in
1674 before era of
the Mughals and
then British Raj
from 1857 to
Independence in
1947.
1949–present:
Unitary State of the
Republic of
Indonesia (NKRI)
1945–1949:
Indonesian Struggle
for Independence
1942–1945: Part of
Japan in World
War II
1816–1942: Part of
Dutch East Indies
Indonesia Asia Aug 17, 1945 Dec 27, 1949 Netherlands
1812–1816: Part of
British India
(following Dutch-
French defeat in the
Napoleonic War)
1802–1812: Part of
Batavian Republic
(Client State of the
Napoleon French)
1619–1802: Under
Administration of
VOC
15th–17th Century:
First Date of last
Various Islamic
Kingdoms, most
notably Mataram,
Demak, and Banten
in Java; Malaka,
Johor-Riau,
Minang and Aceh
in Sumatra; Brunei
and Banjarmasin in
Kalimantan,
Makassar in
Sulawesi, and
Ternate and Tidore
in Moluccas
1292–1478:
Majapahit Empire,
united Indonesia,
Singapore,
Malaysia and parts
of Philippines
under the reign of
Hayam Wuruk
4th Century–13th
Century: Various
Hindu-Buddhist
Kingdoms, most
notably Srivijaya in
8th–10th Century
AD
4th Century: First
Hindu Kingdom of
Kutai in
Kalimantan
2nd Century:
Alleged Indian
Kingdom of
Salakanagara in
Java
1980–present: Part
of Islamic Republic
1979–1980: Part of
Pahlavi
Iran Asia 3200 BC 1925 Interim
dynasty
Government
1925–1979: Part of
Pahlavi Dynasty
(Anglo-Soviet
First Date of last
occupation 1941-
1946)
1796–1925: Part of
Qajar Empire
1747–1796: Part of
Afsharid Dynasty
(1760–1794): Part
of Zand Dynasty
1736–1747: Part of
Afsharid Empire
(1722–1729): Part
of Hotaki Dynasty
1501–1736: Part of
Safavid Empire
1468–1508: Part of
Agh Qoyunlu
1405–1507: Part of
Timurid Dynasty
1406–1468: Part of
Qara Qoyunlu
1370–1405: Part of
Timurid Empire
1337–1376: Part of
Sarbadars
1336–1432: Part of
Jalayirid Dynasty
1335–1393: Part of
Muzaffarid
Dynasty
1335–1357: Part of
Chobanid Dynasty
1256–1335: Part of
Ilkhanate Empire
1077–1231: Part of
Khwarazmian
Empire
1037–1194: Part of
Great Seljuq
Empire
963–1186: Part of
Ghaznavid Empire
875–999: Part of
Samanid Dynasty
934–1055: Part of
Buyid Dynasty
867–1002: Part of
Saffarid Dynasty
First Date of last
928–1043: Part of
Ziyarid Dynasty
750–1258: Part of
Abbasid Caliphate
661–750: Part of
Umayyad Caliphate
(642–759/760):
Part of Dabuyid
dynasty
224–651: Part of
Sassanid Empire
247 BCE – 224 CE:
Part of Parthian
Empire
312–63 BCE: Part
of Seleucid Empire
550–330 BCE: Part
of Achaemenid
Empire
(652–625 BCE):
Part of Scythian
Kingdom
678–550 BCE: Part
of Median Empire
850–616 BCE: Part
of Mannaeans
2700–539 BCE:
Part of Elam
3200–2700 BCE:
Part of Proto-
Elamite
founded in 4000
BC by Sumer
Civilization (the
first Civilization in
the world), and
then unified under
Sargon of Akkad
Asia Apr 26, 1926 Apr 26, 1926 Ottoman the founder of
Iraq
Empire Akkadian Empire,
but Iraq was part of
Persian Empire
(Iran), and Ottoman
Empire (until
1922). see History
of Iraq. Occupied
First Date of last
by United States
2003–2004[82]
Independence
declared 1919,
Dominion status
1922, Statute of
Westminster 1931,
abolishes British
king from its
United
Ireland Europe Oct 18, 1171 Dec 11, 1931 constitution 1936,
Kingdom
adopts current
republican
constitution 1937,
United Kingdom
drop claim that it is
a British dominion,
1949.
The 12 tribes
conquer the holy
land under the
leadership of
Joshua, then Israel
goes through "The
period of the
judges" leading to
the Kingdom of
Israel unified under
King Saul, c. 1020
BC, divided into
separate kingdoms
of Israel and Judea,
May 14, United which fall to Neo-
Israel Asia 1300 BC
1948 Kingdom Assyrian and Neo-
Babylonian empires
in 722 and 586 BC,
respectively. In the
2nd century BC,
Judea re-gains
independence as
Hasmonean
kingdom after
revolt against the
Hellenist Seleucid
Empire. Conquered
by Pompey of the
Roman Empire in
63 BC, and
First Date of last
subsequently falls
to Byzantine,
Umayyad, Abbasid,
Crusader, Mamluk,
Ottoman Turkish,
and British rule,
before regaining
independence as
the State of Israel
in 1948.
Sardinia
Lombardy–
Italy Europe Mar 17, 1861 Mar 17, 1861 Unified in 1861.
Venetia
Papal States
United Previously a
Jamaica The Americas Aug 6, 1962 Aug 6, 1962
Kingdom Spanish colony
Founded 660 BC
by Emperor Jimmu
according to
legend. Unified
Allied state emerged
April 28,
Japan Asia 400 occupation of during the Kofun
1952
Japan period c. 400 AD.
1952 Treaty of San
Francisco ended
postwar
occupation.
Part of Arab
Federation Feb–
Aug 1958 governed
from Baghdad,
Arab
Jordan Asia May 25, 1946 Aug 2, 1958 Iraq. Previously
Federation
ruled by Persian,
Roman, Islamic,
and Ottoman
Empires; UK, etc.
Russian Empire
Ottoman Empire
Transcontinent
Timurid dynasty
Kazakhstan al - Dec 16, 1991 Dec 16, 1991 Soviet Union
Mongol Empire
Asia/Europe
Various Turkic
tribes.
United Various nomadic
Kenya Africa Dec 12, 1963 Dec 12, 1963
Kingdom tribes.
First Date of last
United
Kiribati Oceania Jul 12, 1979 Jul 12, 1979
Kingdom
Gojoseon founded
2333 BC by
Dangun according
to legend. Modern
state established
North 1946 after Soviet
Asia Sep 9, 1948 Sep 9, 1948 Soviet Union
Korea Civil
Administration
since 1945.
Previously
occupied by Japan
(1910–1945).
Gojoseon founded
2333 BC by
Dangun according
to legend. Modern
state established
South
Asia Aug 15, 1948 Aug 15, 1948 United States 1948 after U.S.
Korea Army Military
Government since
1945. Previously
occupied by Japan
(1910–1945).
Previously ruled by
Ottoman Empire
Kuwait Asia Jun 19, 1961 Feb 1991 Iraq and United
Kingdom.
Kyrgyzstan Asia Aug 31, 1991 Aug 31, 1991 Soviet Union
Occupied by Japan
Laos Asia 1354 Oct 22, 1953 France during World War
II
Previously ruled by
Nov 18,
Latvia Europe May 4, 1990 Soviet Union Lithuania, Sweden,
1918[83]
and Russia
Previously ruled by
Lebanon Asia Nov 8, 1943 Dec 31, 1946 France Ottoman Empire
United
Lesotho Africa 1822 Oct 4, 1966
Kingdom
American Settled but not
Liberia Africa Jul 26, 1847 Jul 26, 1847 Colonization claimed by United
Society States[84]
Cyrenaica Previously
Libya Africa Dec 24, 1951 Dec 24, 1951
Emirate occupied by Italy
First Date of last
France and by Ottoman
United Empire
Kingdom
Previously subject
to the
(Lordship of) Confederation of
Liechtenstei Schellenberg the Rhine. Formed
Europe Jan 23, 1719 Jan 23, 1719
n (Principality of) 1719 from Vaduz
Vaduz and Schellenberg,
but under the Holy
Roman Empire.
Kingdom of
Lithuania; Act of
the Re-
Lithuania Europe 1253[85] Mar 11, 1990 Soviet Union
Establishment of
the State of
Lithuania
Independent from
France 1815 but in
Luxembour
Europe 1815 1945 Germany personal union with
g
Netherlands until
1890
Madagascar Africa 1787 Jun 26, 1960 France
United
Malawi Africa Jul 6, 1964 Jul 6, 1964
Kingdom
The Federation of
Malaya gained
independence in
1957; in 1963 it
added territories of
Aug 31, United Sabah, Sarawak
Malaysia Asia Aug 31, 1957
1957[14] Kingdom and Singapore, and
changed its name to
Malaysia.[12]
Singapore became
independent in
1965.
Unified according
to legend by King
Koimala (1117–
United 1141). Independent
Maldives Asia 1140 Jul 26, 1965
Kingdom sultanate until
1887, when it
became a British
protectorate.
First Date of last
Mali Empire ca.
1230. A colony of
France 1890–1960,
Mali Africa 1230 Sep 22, 1960 France then part of Mali
Federation
governed from
Dakar, Senegal.
1974–present:
Republic of Malta
1964-1974: State of
Malta
1813-1964: Crown
Colony of Malta
1800-1813:
Protectorate of
Malta
1798-1800: French
occupation of
Malta, the
insurrection and
independent Gozo
1530-1798: Order
of Saint John
1130-1530: part of
the Kingdom of
United Sicily
Malta Europe Sep 21, 1964 Sep 21, 1964
Kingdom 1091-1130: part of
the County of
Sicily
909-1091: part of
the Fatimid
Caliphate
870-909: part of the
Abbasid Caliphate
395-870: part of the
Byzantine Empire
218 BC-395 AD:
part of Roman
Sicilia
480 BC-218 BC:
part of the
Carthaginian
Empire
800 BC-480 BC:
part of the
Phoenician Empire
First Date of last
Marshall Compact of Free
Oceania Oct 21, 1986 Oct 21, 1986 United States
Islands Association
Various Tuareg and
Mauritania Africa Nov 28, 1960 Nov 28, 1960 France Berber tribes.
Previously
United controlled by the
Mauritius Africa Mar 12, 1968 Mar 12, 1968
Kingdom Netherlands and
France.
Mexico: 1867–
present
Second
Mexican Empire:
1864–1867
Second Federal
Republic of
Mexico: 1846–
1863
Centralist
Republic of
Mexico: 1835–
1846
First Mexican
Republic: 1824–
1835
Mexico The Americas Sep 16, 1810 1864 Spain Provisional
Government of
Mexico: 1823–
1824
First Mexican
Empire: 1821–1823
Spanish
Empire: 1519–1821
Aztec Empire:
1421-1521
Teotihuacan: 100-
700 AD
Zapotec Empire:
1300 BCE-1521
AD
Olmec: 1300-1100
BCE
Micronesia,
Compact of Free
Federated States Oceania Nov 3, 1986 Nov 3, 1986 United States
Association
of
Moldova Europe Aug 27, 1991 Aug 27, 1991 Soviet Union
First Date of last
Previously
occupied by Italy
Monaco Europe 1297 1945 Germany and France. Subject
to Sardinia 1815–
1861.
Xiongnu Empire
formed 209 BC;
Various nomadic
Republic of
Mongolia Asia 209 BC Mar 13, 1921 Mongol states;
China
occupied by the
Qing Dynasty
(1699–1911) and
the Republic of
China (1919–1921)
2006–present:
Montenegro
2003–2006: Part of
the union of Serbia
and Montenegro
1992–2003: Federal
Republic of
Yugoslavia (with
Serbia)
1945–1991: Part of
Socialist Federal
Republic of
Yugoslavia
1943–1945:
May 21, 2006 Occupied by the
(independence Serbia and Nazi Germany
Montenegro Europe 1042 referendum) Montenegro 1941–1943:
June 3, 2006
Occupied by the
Kingdom of Italy
1918–1941: Part of
the Kingdom of
Yugoslavia (Kingdom
of Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes)
1910–1918:
Kingdom of
Montenegro
1852–1910:
Principality of
Montenegro
1514–1852: Prince-
Bishopric of
First Date of last
Montenegro
1499–1514: Part of
the Ottoman
Empire
1356–1499:
Principality of Zeta
1217–1356: Part of
Kingdom of Serbia
1042-1189:
Kingdom of Duklja
625–1042: Duklja
(vassal state of the Byzantine
Empire)
1631–present:
Alaouite dynasty
France Under French and
Morocco Africa Apr 7, 1956
Spain Spanish
protectorate (1912–
1956).
Mozambiqu Africa Portuguese colony
Jun 25, 1975 Jun 25, 1975 Portugal
e from 1498
Pagan Kingdom
United founded 849.
Myanmar Asia 849 Jan 4, 1948
Kingdom Occupied by Japan
1942–1945
German colony
from 1884;
Namibia Africa Mar 21, 1990 Mar 21, 1990 South Africa governed by South
Africa 1915-1990
Australia/
Previously
New Zealand/
occupied by
United
Nauru Oceania Jan 31, 1968 Jan 31, 1968 Germany 1888,
Kingdom
Australia 1914,
Trust Territory of
Japan 1942-45
Nauru
Autonomous
throughout its
recorded history,
and certainly since
its 1768
Nepal Asia 1768 1768 (none)
unification.[86] The
ancient Maurya
Empire occupied
southern Nepal, but
not the core
First Date of last
Kathmandu
valley.[citation needed]
Independent from
Spain in 1581;
occupied by France
Netherlands Europe Jul 26, 1581 1945 Germany under Napoleon,
and capitulated to
The German Reich
in 1940
Dominion status
1907, Statute of
Westminster
New United
Oceania Sep 25, 1907 Nov 25, 1947 Adoption Act
Zealand Kingdom
1947.[87]
Maori tribesmen
(iwi)
the Greater
Republic of Central
America 1896–98,
Federal
the Federal
Nicaragua The Americas Sep 15, 1821 Sep 15, 1821 Republic of
Republic of Central
Central America America 1823–38,
Mexico 1822–23,
and a colony of
Spain before 1821.
Niger Africa Aug 3, 1960 Aug 3, 1960 France
United
Nigeria Africa Oct 1, 1960 Oct 1, 1960
Kingdom
2019–present:
Republic of North
North Macedonia
Europe Sep 8, 1991 Sep 8, 1991 Yugoslavia
Macedonia Before 2019:
Republic of
Macedonia
Kingdom of
Norway (872–
1397). Kalmar
Union (Personal
union: 1397–1523).
Norway Europe 872 May 5, 1945 Germany
Denmark–Norway
(Personal union:
1523–1533, Real
union: 1537–1814).
United Kingdoms
First Date of last
of Sweden and
Norway (Personal
union: 1814–1905).
Occupied by
Germany
(Reichskommissari
at: 1940–45).
Previously
occupied by Great
Seljuq Empire,
Oman Asia 751 1743 Persia
Ottoman Empire,
Portugal (1508–
1650), etc.
Previously a colony
of the British
United
Pakistan Asia Aug 14, 1947 Mar 23, 1956 Empire.
Kingdom
British Raj
Mughal Empire
Previously ruled by
Palau Oceania Oct 1, 1994 Oct 1, 1994 United States Spain, Germany,
Japan.
On 15 November
1988, the
Palestinian
Liberation
Organization also
proclaimed its
independence of
the State of
Palestine and
attained its
autonomy as the
Sovereignty Palestinian
Palestine Asia disputed by Nov 15, 1988 Israel National Authority
Israel in 1994 in the West
Bank and Gaza
Strip, the territories
that are occupied
by Israel since
1967.
Parts of West Bank

are controlled by
Israel, except for
the Area A of the
Palestinian
First Date of last
National Authority.
The Gaza Strip has
been occupied by
Hamas since the
2007 war after
Israeli
disengagement
from Gaza in 2005.
The West Bank was

occupied by Jordan
from 1948-1967,
and the Gaza Strip
was occupied by
Egypt from 1957-
1967.
A colony of Spain
until 1821, then a
dependency of
Panama The Americas Nov 28, 1821 Nov 3, 1903 Colombia Colombia until
1903. Occupied by
United States
1989–90.
Papuan,
Papua New Polynesians, and
Oceania Sep 16, 1975 Sep 16, 1975 Australia
Guinea Melanesians before
then.
Occupied 1870–
1876 by Brazil, in
Triple Alliance
The Americas May 14, 1811 1876 Empire of with Argentina and
Paraguay
Brazil Uruguay.[88] Colony
of Spain before
1811.
Independent from
Spain 1821; part of
Peru–Bolivian
North Peru
Peru The Americas July 28, 1821 Aug 25, 1839 Confederation
South Peru 1836-39.
New Spain
Inca Empire
1986–present: Fifth
Philippine Republic
July 4,
Philippines Asia 1402 [89] United States 1981–1986: Fourth
1946
Philippine Republic
1973–1981: Under
First Date of last
the Martial Law
1946–1972: Third
Philippine Republic
1942–1943: A
puppet state of the
Japanese Empire
(Second Philippine
Republic)
1935–1942, 1945–
1946:
Commonwealth of
the Philippines
1899–1901: First
Philippine Republic
1898–1935: A
territory of the
United States
1535–1898:
Captaincy General
of the Philippines
Pre-1535: The
Philippine Islands
had a numerous
sinified states,
Indianized
kingdoms and
Muslim states. In
Luzon, there were
the Ivatan people,
the Society of
Cordillera, the
Kingdoms of
Pangasinan and
Ma-i, Kota
Selurong and the
Tondo Dynasty.
The Confederation
of the Madyas and
the Rajahnate of
Cebu were in
Visayas. Lastly, in
Mindanao, there
were the Sultanate
of Maguindanao,
Butuan Rajahnate
and the Sultanate of
Sulu. The Bruneian
First Date of last
Empire occupied
Palawan_(island)
and parts of
Mindanao too.
Unified ca 966 by
Mieszko I. Rise of
power in the 16th
Poland Europe 966 1945 Germany century. Occupied
by Germany and
the USSR during
WWII.
The County of
Portugal becomes
fully independent
after the Battle of
Ourique, from the
Kingdom of León.
Although it was not
until 4 years later in
Kingdom of
Portugal Europe July 25, 1139 July 25, 1139 1143, when
León independence was
recognized.
Between 1580 and
1640 Portugal and
Spain had the same
King, Filipe I in
Portugal and Filipe
II in Spain.
Ottoman Empire
Abassid Caliphate
Umayyad Caliphate
United
Qatar Asia Sep 3, 1971 Sep 3, 1971 Rashidun Caliphate
Kingdom
Various nomadic
Arab tribesmen
before that.
1944–1958.
Europe Jul 13, 1878 Jul 13, 1878 United Ottoman Empire
Romania
Principalities Wallachia
Rurik Dynasty
founded ca 860.
Great stand on the
Transcontinent
Dec 26, 1991 Ugra river in 1480
Russia al - 860 Soviet Union
Dec 12, 1993 marked end of
Asia/Europe
Mongol/Tatar rule.
Kievan Rus'
1721-1917:
First Date of last
Russian
Empire
1917-1918:
Soviet Russian
Republic
1918-1936:
Russian Socialist
Federative Soviet
Republic
1922-1991:
Union of
Soviet Socialist
Republics
1936-1991:
Russian Soviet
Federative Socialist
Republic
1991-1993:
Russian Federation
(with the 1978 constitution)
1993–present:
Russian
Federation
Rwanda Africa July 1, 1962 July 1, 1962 Belgium
Saint Kitts United
The Americas Sep 19, 1983 Sep 19, 1983
and Nevis Kingdom
United
Saint Lucia The Americas Feb 22, 1979 Feb 22, 1979
Kingdom
Saint United
Vincent and the The Americas Oct 27, 1979 Oct 27, 1979
Kingdom
Grenadines
German colony
1900 to 1914;
occupied by New
Zealand 1914;
Trust Territory first
Samoa Oceania Jan 1, 1962 Jan 1, 1962 New Zealand of the League of
Nations, then of the
United Nations and
administered by
New Zealand, 1920
to 1962.
Previously part of
San Marino Europe Sep 3, 301 Sep 3, 301 Roman Empire the Roman Empire,
and briefly by
First Date of last
Rimini (1503), and
Papal States (1739).
São Tomé
Africa Jul 12, 1975 Jul 12, 1975 Portugal
and Príncipe
First Saudi State
independent 1744–
1818; last Ottoman
troops evicted from
Medina by
Kingdom of Hejaz
Saudi Asia 1744 Jan 1919 Ottoman 1919; Hejaz
Arabia Empire incorporated 1926
into Kingdom of
Hejaz and Nejd,
precursor to the
modern day Saudi
Arabia
Independent first as
Mali Federation
with capital in
Senegal Africa Jun 20, 1960 Jun 20, 1960 France Dakar. Previously
part of Ghana, Mali
and Songhai
Empires.
2006–present:
Republic of Serbia
(successor state of
Serbia and
Montenegro)
2003–2006: Part of
the union of Serbia
and Montenegro
(successor state of
Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia)
Serbia Europe 768 June 3, 2006 Serbia and
1992–2003: Part of
Montenegro
the Federal
Republic of
Yugoslavia (New
state)
1946–1992: Part of
the Socialist
Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia
1943–1946: Part of
the Democratic
First Date of last
Federal Yugoslavia
1929–1943: Part of
the Kingdom of
Yugoslavia
1918–1929:
Kingdom of Serbs,
Croats and
Slovenes
1882–1918:
Kingdom of Serbia
1815–1882:
Principality of
Serbia
1804–1813:
Revolutionary
Serbia (as independent
movement inside the
Ottoman Empire)
1459–1817: Part of
the Ottoman
Empire
1402–1459:
Serbian Despotate
1371–1402:
Moravian Serbia
1346–1371:
Serbian Empire
1217–1346:
Kingdom of Serbia
768–1217:
Principality of
Serbia
520s–768: Serbian
Sklavinia
United Perhaps sovereign
Seychelles Africa Jun 29, 1976 Jun 29, 1976
Kingdom 1790–1794
Sierra United
Africa Apr 27, 1961 Apr 27, 1961
Leone Kingdom
British colony
1824–1963;
occupied by Japan
Aug 31, 1942–1945;
Singapore Asia Aug 9, 1965 Malaysia
1963[90] declared
independence, then
merged with
Malaysia[12][18] from
First Date of last
1963 until
1965.[15][17]
Europe Mar 14, 1939 Jan 1, 1993 Czechoslovak

Slovakia
ia
1991–present:
Republic of
Slovenia
1945–1991: Part of
the Socialist
Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia
1918–1945: Part of
the Kingdom of
Serbs, Croats and
Slovenes
1918–1918: Part of
the State of
Slovenia Europe Jun 25, 1991 Jun 25, 1991 Yugoslavia Slovenes, Croats
and Serbs
1806–1918: Duchy
of Carinthia (as part
of the Austria-
Hungary Empire)
976–1086: Duchy
of Carinthia (as part
of the Holy Roman
Empire)
889–976: March of
Carinthia (as part of
the Carolingian
Empire)
Solomon United
Oceania Jul 7, 1978 Jul 7, 1978
Islands Kingdom
1 July 1960: Union
of Trust Territory
of Somalia (former
Italian Somaliland)
and State of
United Somaliland (former
Somalia Africa 200 BC Jul 1, 1960 Kingdom British Somaliland)
Italy 19th century: Part
of Sultanate of
Hobyo
18th century: Part
of Majeerteen
Sultanate
First Date of last
15th century: Part
of Adal Sultanate
13th century: Part
of Ajuran Sultanate
13th century: Part
of Warsangali
Sultanate
13th century: Part
of Ifat Sultanate
10th century: Part
of Sultanate of
Mogadishu
200 BCE: Somali
city-states
Dominion status
1910, Statute of
Westminster 1931.
Orange Free State
1881-1902
South May 31, United
Africa May 31, 1910 Zulu Empire
Africa 1910 Kingdom
Various Bantu
(Zulu, Xhosa and
Swazi) and
Khoikhoi tribesmen
(San Bushmen)
South
Africa Jul 9, 2011 Jul 9, 2011 Sudan
Sudan
Founding of the
Spanish Monarchy
by Charles I of
Spain in 1516 when
he united the
Catholic Monarchy
(Crown of Castile
and Crown of
Crown of
Aragon) among
Castile
Spain Europe 1516 1516 other territories.
Crown of Each country
Aragon mainteined its own
legal system and
institutions.
Occupied by
France 1808-1814.
Between 1580 and
1668 Portugal and
all its colonies were
First Date of last
integrated into an
Iberian Union
under the king
Felipe II.
Unified as
Anuradhapura
Kingdom 377 BC –
United 1017. Conquered
Sri Lanka Asia 377 BC Feb 4, 1948
Kingdom by Indian
kingdoms,
Portuguese, Dutch,
and British.
Kingdom of Kush
1070 BC – 350
United AD. Later ruled by
Kingdom the Ottoman
Sudan Africa 1070 BC Jan 1, 1956
Empire, Egypt, and
Egypt then as Anglo-
Egyptian Sudan
1899–1956.
Kingdom of
Suriname The Americas Nov 25, 1975 Nov 25, 1975
the Netherlands
No exact date for
consolidation of
Sweden Europe 1397 Jun 6, 1523 Denmark
Sweden. In Kalmar
Union 1397–1523.
Old Swiss
Confederacy
formed 1291.
Occupied by
Switzerland Europe 1291 1815 Austria France 1798, then
Austria 1813. 1815
Congress of Vienna
restored
independence.
United Arab Ottoman Empire
Syria Asia Apr 17, 1946 Sep 28, 1961
Republic Byzantine Empire
Tajikistan Asia Sep 9, 1991 Sep 9, 1991 Soviet Union
Independent in
United 1961 as
Tanzania Africa Dec 9, 1961 Dec 9, 1961
Kingdom Tanganyika, added
Zanzibar in 1963.
Independent from
Thailand Asia 1238 1945 Khmer Empire Khmer Empire in
1238. Briefly
First Date of last
conquered by
Burma in 1767.
Occupied by Japan
1941–1945.
Ruled by Portugal
United 1515–1975,
Nations occupied by
May 20,
Timor-Leste Asia Nov 28, 1975 Transitional Indonesia 1975–
2002
Administration in 1999, administered
East Timor by U.N. 1999–
2002.
Togo Africa Apr 27, 1960 Apr 27, 1960 France
United 1845 by
United George Tupou I.
Tonga Oceania 1845 Jun 4, 1970
Kingdom British protectorate
1900–1970.
Trinidad United
The Americas Aug 31, 1962 Aug 31, 1962
and Tobago Kingdom
Occupations by
Tunisia Africa Mar 20, 1956 Mar 20, 1956 France Rome, Ottoman
Empire and France
Ottoman Empire
Asia and Ottoman was founded in
Turkey 1299 1923
Europe Empire 1299 as the Turkish
State.
Turkmenist Asia Oct 27, 1991 Oct 27, 1991 Soviet Union
an
United
Tuvalu Oceania Oct 1, 1978 Oct 1, 1978
Kingdom
United
Uganda Africa Oct 9, 1962 Oct 9, 1962
Kingdom
860-1240 - Kievan
Rus'
1199-1340 -
Kingdom of Rus
1648-1764 -
Ukraine Europe 860 Aug 24, 1991 Soviet Union Cossack Hetmanate
1917-20 -
Ukrainian People's
Republic
1918 - Ukrainian
State
United Arab United
Asia Dec 2, 1971 Dec 2, 1971
Emirates Kingdom
First Date of last
Kingdom of
England (10th
century- 1707),
Kingdom of
Kingdom of Scotland (9th
United England century- 1707),
Europe May 1, 1707 Jan 1, 1801
Kingdom Kingdom of Great Britain
Scotland (1707–1800),
United Kingdom of
Great Britain and
Ireland (1801-
1922)
Independence
declared 1776;
British surrender
1781; U.S.
recognized by
United
The Americas Jul 4, 1776 Oct 19, 1781 Great Britain Treaty of Paris
States
1783.
New France, New
Spain, Indian
tribes, chiefdoms
and confederations.
Independent 1815–
1820 as Liga
Federal; occupied
The Americas 1815 Aug 27, 1828 Empire of 1820 by
Uruguay
Brazil Portugal/Brazil
until 1828 Treaty of
Montevideo.
1924-1936:
Uzbek Socialist
Soviet Republic
1936-1992:
Uzbek Soviet
Uzbekistan Asia Oct 27, 1924 Sep 1, 1991 Soviet Union Socialist Republic
1992–present:
Republic of
Uzbekistan
(independence from Soviet
Union declared 1991;
constitution adopted 1992)
United Governed 1906–

1980 as the New
Vanuatu Oceania July 30, 1980 July 30, 1980 Kingdom
Hebrides
France condominium.
First Date of last
Independent as
Papal States 756–
Vatican City Europe 756 Feb 11, 1929 Italy 1870; part of Italy
until 1929 Lateran
Treaty
Gran Previously a colony
Venezuela The Americas Jul 5, 1811 Jan 13, 1830
Colombia of Spain
Văn Lang
confederacy arose
2879 BC under
Kinh Dương
Vương, founder of
the Hồng Bàng
North Dynasty. Several
Vietnam periods of Chinese
Vietnam Asia 2879 BC July 2, 1976
South domination. French
Vietnam occupation from
1887 until Geneva
Conference (1954),
interrupted by
Japanese
occupation (1940–
1945).
North Yemen
independent from
United Ottoman Empire
Yemen Asia Nov 1, 1918 Nov 30, 1967
Kingdom 1918; South Yemen
from UK in 1967;
unified 1990
United
Zambia Africa Oct 24, 1964 Oct 24, 1964
Kingdom
The British colony
of Southern
Rhodesia
unilaterally
declared
United Independence as
Zimbabwe Africa Nov 11, 1965 Apr 18, 1980
Kingdom Rhodesia 1965;
known as
Zimbabwe
Rhodesia in 1979;
unrecognised until
1980.
See also
 Declaration of independence
 List of active autonomist and secessionist movements
 List of national independence days
 List of wars of independence (national liberation)
 List of former European colonies
 List of former national capitals
 List of former sovereign states
 List of sovereign states
 Timeline of country and capital changes
 List of national constitutions
 Succession of states
 List of world map changes
Notes
1.
 listed are the five UN member states with limited recognition: Israel (not recognized by 32
members), North and South Korea (no mutual recognition), Armenia (not recognized by
Pakistan) and Cyprus (not recognized by Turkey); "China" has universal recognition, but the UN
is unclear on which of the Chinas (People's Republic or Republic) this refers to.
  Since the beginning of the Second Libyan Civil War in 2014, various areas of Libya are
under the control of competing groups. These include domestic groups such as New General
National Congress and local Tuareg groups, and foreign groups such as ISIL.
  With the ongoing Somali Civil War, significant areas remain outside federal control.
  A new constitution was approved in 2013, but most changes will not enter effect for another
decade.
  Country Profile: Cuba, September 2006, U.S. Library of Congress – Federal Research
Division.
  In the Dominican Republic, every constitutional amendment is considered a new
constitution. The most recent amendment was the 2010 constitution.
  "19 de abril de 1810". Venezuela Tuya.
  Following the Northern Iraq offensive in June 2014, large areas of Iraq are de facto under
the control of Iraqi Kurds or the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
  Gavlak, Dale (12 June 2011). "Jordan's King Abdullah vows to allow elected cabinets".
BBC News. Archived from the original on 13 June 2011.
  This constitution cut North Korean ties with the Soviet Union. Several new constitutions
and amendments have followed (most recently in 2013), creating new titles for the national
leader such as Eternal President and Chairman of the National Defence Commission. However,
power has remained with the Kim dynasty since 1948.
  The Republics of the Soviet Union were officially sovereign entities in a federation,
according to Article 76 of the Constitution of the Soviet Union. However, the Soviet Union was
heavily centralized and was de facto a single federal state.
  Malaysia Act 1963
  United Nations Member States
  Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957
  Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia as an independent and
sovereign state
  Agreement relating to the separation of Singapore from Malaysia as an independent and
sovereign state/proclamation of singapore
  Singapore Act 1966
  Agreement relating to Malaysia between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland, Federation of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore
  "The World Factbook".
  "Country Profile: Philippines" (PDF). U.S. Library of Congress – Federal Research
Division. March 2006. says, "The Philippines attained independence from Spain on June 12,
1898, and from the United States on July 4, 1946.", implying that the cession of the Philippines
to the U.S. by Spain on December 10, 1898 via the Treaty of Paris was invalid. Other sources
(e.g. The CIA Factbook Archived 2010-01-11 at the Wayback Machine) say that the Philippine
Islands were ceded to the US by Spain in 1898 following the Spanish–American War.
  Republic of the Philippines, Philippine Government website.
  Bautista, Lowell B. (3 September 2009). "The Historical Context and Legal Basis of the
Philippine Treaty Limits" (PDF). Aegean Review of the Law of the Sea and Maritime Law. 1: 3.
doi:10.1007/s12180-009-0003-5. ISSN 1864-9610. Archived from the original (PDF) on October
11, 2010. The sovereignty of a State is co-extensive with its territorial limits.
  "UN approves PH territorial claim to Benham Rise". Retrieved April 28, 2012.
  "History of the Kingdom". mofa.gov.sa. Retrieved 2017-09-23.
  Due to the ongoing Syrian Civil War, large areas of Syria are de facto under the control of
other parties such as the Syrian opposition and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.
  The government of the Republic of China, which currently administers Taiwan, was the
generally recognized sovereign power over Mainland China beginning on 1 January 1912 (also
the first year of the Taiwanese calendar "民國"). Sovereign control of Taiwan by this
government began on 25 October 1945 (Retrocession Day).
  The PRC acquired de facto control in Mainland China on 1 October 1949. The Republic of
China continued to be generally recognized as the legitimate government of China until 25
October 1971, when the PRC was admitted to the United Nations. Currently, due to the PRC's
One-China policy, only 25 states recognize the Republic of China, although many more retain
unofficial relations.
  Deeley, Furness, and Schofield (2001) The International Boundaries of East Timor p. 8
  According to the Badinter Arbitration Committee, the Socialist Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia was dissolved into five states. This is the result when the Serb-dominated Federal
Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) was formed on 27 April 1992 as a rump state, consisting only of
the former Socialist Republics of Serbia and Montenegro. Its government claimed continuity to
the former country, however, the international community refused to recognize it as such. The
stance of the international community was that Yugoslavia had dissolved into its separate states.
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was prevented by a UN resolution on 22 September 1992
from continuing to occupy the United Nations seat as successor state to SFRY. This question was
important for claims on SFRY's international assets, including embassies in many countries.
Only in 1996 had the FRY abandoned its claim to continuity from the SFRY. The FRY was
dominated by Slobodan Milošević and his political allies. This was reaffirmed in the Succession
Agreement signed in June 2001.
  "Hrvatska povijest". Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  "Grboslovlje u Hrvata >> Krunisani". Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  "Hrvatski Vladari / Croatian rulers - Geni". Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  "TOPLI DOM JADRANA - PRIMORSKA HRVATSKA - Visite Croatia - Stema Guide".
Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  "Croatia - World Leaders Index". Retrieved 6 July 2017.
  The Faroe Islands and Greenland were administered by Denmark until 24 March 1948 and 1
May 1979 respectively. They are now autonomous countries with home rule, but remain part of
the Kingdom of Denmark.
  The annexation of the Baltic republics in 1940 is considered an illegal occupation by the
current Baltic governments and by a number of Western countries, including the United States
and the European Union, who assert that the states were independent countries occupied by the
Soviet Union. The Baltic republics were officially sovereign entities in a federation, according to
Article 76 of the Constitution of the Soviet Union. However, the Soviet Union was heavily
centralized and was de facto a single federal state.
  The breaking-through of the Channel Tunnel on October 31, 1990 created a new land border
between the UK and France (May 01, 1994, Under the Channel, traffic soon to roll, Baltimore
Sun) However, the Channel Tunnel runs underwater and did not change the above-ground
territory of either nation.
  France swapped a small area of land with Andorra in 2001 to allow Andorra to construct the
Envalira Tunnel access bridge.
  Prior to 1999, the Constitution of Ireland claimed that "The national territory consists of the
whole island of Ireland", but that its laws were only valid in the counties of the Republic.
  "Liechtenstein prince wins powers". BBC News. 2003-03-16. Retrieved 2015-10-26.
  East Timor had been under Indonesian occupation since 1975, but this occupation was not
recognized by the wider global community.
  Đerdapski ribolovi u prošlosti i u sadašnjosti, Volume 41 Mihailo Petrović Izd. Zadužbine
Mikh. R. Radivojeviča, 1941
  Rettman, Andrew (6 February 2013). "Kosovo: EU meeting is 'de facto recognition' by
Serbia". EUobserver. Brussels. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  Manuel Alvarez-Valdés y Valdés (1991). La Extranjería en la Historia Del Derecho
Español (in Spanish). Universidad de Oviedo. p. 151.
  "Background Note: United Kingdom". bbc.co.uk Acts of Union: The creation of the United
Kingdom.
  Allan I. Macinnes (2007). Union and empire: the making of the United Kingdom in 1707.
Cambridge University Press.
  David Armitage, Michael J. Braddick (2002). The British Atlantic world, 1500–1800.
Palgrave Macmillan. p. 20.
  "U.S. Relations With Vanuatu". U.S. Department of State. 9 March 2016.
  Wolff, Stefan (2004). Disputed Territories: The Transnational Dynamics of Ethnic Conflict
Settlement. Berghahn Books. pp. 30–31.
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the world. Brill Archive. p. 11. ISBN 0-379-00794-0.
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List of Sovereign States by Date of Formation: Original Research

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List of sovereign states by date of formation

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Country Date Birth of Date Date of Date Date of

Country Date Birth Date Date of Date Date of most recent

North Septe Kim September 9, Declaration July Cease-fire in the Korean

Sri May Cons February 4, Independenc Februar De jure: The Kandyan

Liechtenstei March 16, The 2003 Dissolution Purchase

Act of the Coronation

Birth of Date of most

First Date of last

Algeria Africa Jul 3, 1962 [55]

Parts of West Bank

The West Bank was

Europe Mar 14, 1939 Jan 1, 1993 Czechoslovak

United Governed 1906–

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 This page was last edited on 30 June 2019, at 18:19 (UTC).

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