Functional Diagnosis

 Body functions are the physiological functions of body systems (including psychological
functions).
 Body structures are anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs and their
components.
 Activity is the execution of a task or action by an individual.
 Participation is involvement in a life situation.
 Activity limitations are difficulties an individual may have in executing activities.
 Participation restrictions are problems an individual may experience in involvement in life
situations.

Activity and participation:

 Learning and applying knowledge
 General tasks and demands
 Communication
 Mobility
 Self-care
 Domestic life
 Interpersonal interactions and relationships
 Major life areas
 Community, social and civic life
 1. Functioning is an umbrella term for body functions, body structures, activities and
participation. It denotes the positive aspects of the interaction between an individual (with
a health condition) and that individual's contextual factors (environmental and personal
factors)
2. Impairment is a loss or abnormality of a body part (i.e. structure) or body function (i.e.
physiological function). Physiological functions include mental functions. Abnormality
here is used strictly to refer to a significant variation from established statistical norms (i.e.
as a deviation from a population mean within measured standard norms) and should be
used only in this sense.
3. Disability is an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation
restrictions. It denotes the negative aspects of the interaction between an individual (with
a health condition) and that individual's contextual factors (environmental and personal
factors).
4. Handicap is the social level of the consequences of diseases characterized as the
individual's disadvantage resulting from impairment or disability.

Contextual Factor:
o Personal factor: gender, race, age, other health conditions, fitness, lifestyle, habits,
upbringing, coping styles, social background, education, profession, past and current
experience (past life events and concurrent events), overall behaviour pattern and character
style, individual psychological assets and other characteristics, all or any of which may
play a role in disability at any level.
o Environmental factor: physical world and its features, the human-made physical world,
other people in different relationships and roles, attitudes and values, social systems and
services, and policies, rules and laws.