IDEAS: The Magazine of The Aspen Institute Special Issue 2019

ASPEN
HEALTH
CREATES A
CLIMATE OF
WELLNESS
ASPEN
IDEAS
EXPLORES
THE SHAPE OF
THINGS TO COME
ASPEN
SECURITY
PRAISES ALLIES
AND ALLIANCES
ASPEN
ACTION
HELPS LEADERS
KEEP THEIR PROMISES
ASPEN
BAUHAUS
CELEBRATES
THE INSTITUTE’S
GROUNDBREAKING
DESIGN AND
A MOVEMENT’S
CENTENNIAL
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CONTENTS
10
60
Ian Wagreich
62
Clockwise from top left: Kendrick Moholt, Illustrations by Kissane Viola Design, Courtesy Global Nomads Group, Book jacket design by Christopher Moisan
16 21
DEPARTMENTS THE JOURNAL OF IDEAS
Dan Bayer
8 | WHAT IS THE INSTITUTE? 60 | REDEFINING CORPORATE AMERICA
When the Business Roundtable renounced the
9 | AROUND THE INSTITUTE primacy of shareholders, putting social good
The Institute asks kids not to retire from sports; above the bottom line, the group was lauded
the Community Strategies Group examines for its reconception of corporate purpose. But,
the lands of the American West; the Financial writes Judy Samuelson, it was the Institute’s
Security Program tackles student debt; fellows Business and Society Program that had heralded
in Wye learn to eat like a human; and more. the idea for over a decade, working to bring long-
term value creation to a tipping point. It worked.
64 | FACES
Behind the scenes at Institute events. 62 | FROM CHILD WELFARE
TO CHILD WELL-BEING
69 | FACTS Babies are more likely than older children to end
Get to know the Institute’s programs. up in foster care despite being more vulnerable
developmentally. A new initiative is changing
72 | PARTING SHOT that, says Myra Jones-Taylor. Safe Babies
Aspen Ideas Festival participants take a walk in Court Teams doesn’t blame parents—it helps
Riccardo Savi
the woods. them become confident, stable caretakers so that

babies can leave foster care and go home.
4 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

30
FEATURES
24 | ASPEN IDEAS: HEALTH

From Dr. Ruth and sex to end-of-life narratives, Aspen
Ideas: Health speakers found humanity in prison,
innovation in climate change, and inspiration in the quest
for reproductive rights.
30 | ASPEN IDEAS FESTIVAL

This year’s festival could be considered a crash course in
self-improvement: how to be anti-racist, how to climb El
Capitan, how to throw out the diplomacy playbook, how
to raise your emotional intelligence, how to find humor in
Ian Wagreich
cancer—and how to find a building without a phone.
44 | ASPEN SECURITY FORUM

The 10th annual forum continued a tradition of breaking
news (last year, Russians hacking Senate campaigns)
and naming the greatest threats to the US homeland
(this year, the superlative went to China). But the event
Clockwise from top left: Kendrick Moholt, Illustrations by Kissane Viola Design, Courtesy Global Nomads Group, Book jacket design by Christopher Moisan
also addressed new and growing threats, like domestic

terrorism and gun violence.
48 | RESNICK ASPEN ACTION FORUM

When leaders from the Institute’s dynamic fellowship
programs come together, they inspire one another to help
more people, address more problems, and push the envelope
for more and better solutions. Because humanity, as this
year’s theme reminded them, has no borders.
52 | 100 YEARS OF BAUHAUS

The Institute celebrated the centennial of the famed
Dan Bayer
German design school by exploring artist Herbert Bayer’s

influence on the Aspen campus—and why it is “a total 44
work of art.”
ON THE COVER
ASPEN
HEALTH
CREATES A
CLIMATE OF
WELLNESS
ASPEN
IDEAS
EXPLORES
THE SHAPE OF
THINGS TO COME
ASPEN
SECURITY
PRAISES ALLIES
AND ALLIANCES
ASPEN
ACTION
HELPS LEADERS
KEEP THEIR PROMISES
ASPEN
BAUHAUS
CELEBRATES
Riccardo Savi
THE INSTITUTE’S
GROUNDBREAKING
DESIGN AND
Conferring in the Marble Garden

A MOVEMENT’S
CENTENNIAL
Photo by C2 Photography
52
IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019 5
Jazzar and accomplice
at his Bauhaus exhibition
DANIEL R. PORTERFIELD
President and Chief Executive Officer
AMY DeMARIA
Executive Vice President, Communications and Marketing
Dan Bayre
ELLIOT F. GERSON
Executive Vice President, Policy and Public Programs; International Partners
NAMITA KHASAT
Executive Vice President, Finance and Administrative Services;
It’s so easy to take something you walk by every day for Chief Financial Officer; Corporate Treasurer
granted. Or so I realized at this summer’s Bauhaus: The Making
DAVID LANGSTAFF
of Modern when Bernard Jazzar, the quietly dazzling scholar Interim Executive Vice President, Leadership and Seminars
who designed the comprehensive exhibition on the history of the ERIC L. MOTLEY, PhD
movement, remarked that Herbert Bayer’s 1955 Grass Mound—in Executive Vice President, Institutional Advancement; Corporate Secretary
the space that anyone at any Aspen Institute summer gathering JAMES PICKUP
looks at four and more times a day while walking the long, narrow Vice President and General Counsel
path that links the main classroom buildings and offices with JAMES M. SPIEGELMAN
Vice President and Chief of Staff
the Meadows and Doerr-Hosier—was the inspiration for the
earthworks movement that helped define American art in the 1970s EDITOR-IN-CHIEF AND PUBLISHER CORBY KUMMER
EXECUTIVE EDITOR SACHA ZIMMERMAN
and 1980s. (See “A Total Work of Art,” page 52.) MANAGING EDITOR AND ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER NICOLE COREA
Jazzar had just shown a series of photographs that showed SENIOR EDITORS PHERABE KOLB, JAMES M. SPIEGELMAN
exactly how deliberate every square foot of landscape is on the DESIGN DIRECTOR KATIE KISSANE-VIOLA
CREATIVE DIRECTOR PAUL VIOLA
Institute campus. All he really had to show to make the point was ADVERTISING CYNTHIA CAMERON, 970.948.8177, adsales@aspeninstitute.org
an aerial overview of the original tent Eero Saarinen designed for CONTACT EDITORIAL ideas.magazine@aspeninstitute.org
the 1949 Goethe Bicentennial that launched the Institute. The site GENERAL The Aspen Institute,
is a vast, featureless plain that seems devoid of even scrub. The 2300 N Street NW, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20037
202.736.5800, www.aspeninstitute.org
slopes and flowing inlets, the grass and wildflowers in what look
like a natural thicket, the rises that direct your eyes to commanding BOARD OF TRUSTEES CHAIRMAN
mountaintops—every angle was plotted by Bayer, who said that he James S. Crown
premised all his work on constant observation of nature. With the BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Institute campus, he created a new nature, too. Madeleine K. Albright, Jean-Luc Allavena, Paul F. Anderson, Jeffrey S. Aronin, Donna Barksdale,
Mercedes T. Bass, Miguel Bezos, Richard S. Braddock, Beth A. Brooke-Marciniak, William Bynum,
The long walkway through Anderson Park, Jazzar said, Stephen L. Carter, Troy Carter, Cesar R. Conde, Phyllis Coulter, Katie Couric, Andrea Cunningham,
was a way to enforce the transition between active and restful Kenneth L. Davis, John Doerr, Thelma Duggin, Arne Duncan, Michael D. Eisner, L. Brooks Entwistle,
contemplation that was part of the Institute’s founding creed. It Alan Fletcher, Ann B. Friedman, Henry Louis Gates Jr., Mircea D. Geoana, Antonio Gracias,
Patrick W. Gross, Arjun Gupta, Jane Harman, Kaya Henderson, Hayne Hipp, Ivan Hodac,
was an apt place for the billboard-sized sign announcing the theme
Mark S. Hoplamazian, Gerald D. Hosier, Robert J. Hurst, Natalie Jaresko, Sonia Kapadia, Salman Khan,
of this year’s Resnick Aspen Action Forum: Borders. Bayer wanted Teisuke Kitayama, Michael Klein, Satinder K. Lambah, Laura Lauder, Melony Lewis, Yo-Yo Ma,
to design spaces that would make visitors drop their usual frames James M. Manyika, William E. Mayer,* Bonnie P. McCloskey, David McCormick, Donald C. McKinnon,
of reference and find new ones; the forum wanted participants to Anne Welsh McNulty, Diane Morris, Karlheinz Muhr, Clare Muñana, Jerry Murdock, Marc B. Nathanson,
William A. Nitze, Her Majesty Queen Noor, Jacqueline Novogratz, Olara A. Otunnu, Elaine Pagels,
examine how to redesign and rebuild Carrie Walton Penner, Daniel R. Porterfield, Margot L. Pritzker, Condoleezza Rice, Ricardo B. Salinas,
the borders within themselves. Lewis A. Sanders, Anna Deavere Smith, Michelle Smith, Javier Solana, Robert K. Steel,* Shashi Tharoor,**
Look close, look deep, look anew: Laurie M. Tisch, Luis Gerardo del Valle Torres, Giulio Tremonti, Eckart von Klaeden, Roderick K. von Lipsey, Vin Weber
it’s what the Bauhaus taught, and LIFETIME TRUSTEES CO-CHAIRMEN
what the Institute will conserve and Berl Bernhard, Ann Korologos*
reinvent at the new Resnick LIFETIME TRUSTEES
Center for Herbert Bayer Keith Berwick, William D. Budinger, Lester Crown, Tarun Das, William H. Donaldson, Sylvia A. Earle,
David Gergen, Alma L. Gildenhorn, Gerald Greenwald, Irvine O. Hockaday Jr., Nina Rodale Houghton, Anne
Studies (see page 20). Frasher Hudson, Jérôme Huret, William N. Joy, Henry A. Kissinger, Leonard A. Lauder,*
On the campus Bayer Olivier Mellerio, Sandra Day O’Connor, Hisashi Owada, Thomas R. Pickering, Charles Powell,
created, all you need Lynda R. Resnick, Jay Sandrich, Lloyd G. Schermer, Carlo Scognamiglio, Albert H. Small, Andrew L. Stern,
Paul A. Volcker, Leslie H. Wexner, Frederick B. Whittemore, Alice Young
to do to start your own
Roman Cho
reinvention is look up. *Chairman Emeritus **On Leave of Absence
—Corby Kummer
The Aspen Institute sets high standards to ensure forestry is practiced in an environmentally responsible, socially beneficial, and economically viable manner.
This issue was printed by American Web on recycled fibers containing 10 percent postconsumer waste, with inks containing a blend of soy base. Our printer is a certified member of the Forestry Stewardship Council
and the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, and it meets or exceeds all federal Resource Conservation Recovery Act standards.

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WHAT IS THE ASPEN INSTITUTE?
Dan Bayer
The Aspen Institute's mission is to foster leadership based on enduring values and to provide a
nonpartisan venue for dealing with critical issues. The Institute is headquartered in Washington,
DC, and has campuses in Aspen, Colorado, and on the Wye River on Maryland’s Eastern
Shore. It also maintains offices in New York City and has an international network of partners.

AROUND THE INSTITUTE
NO NEWS IS BAD NEWS Many Americans fear for the future of the US democracy,
in large part because there is a crisis of trust in the news. But an uninformed society is incompatible with a functioning
democracy. Unfortunately, declining revenues have forced many local news organizations to cut back substantially or shut
their doors entirely, creating local “news deserts.” The Institute’s Communications and Society Program, with the support of
the Knight Foundation, ran the Knight Commission on Trust, Media and Democracy. The commission’s 2019 report, Crisis
in Democracy, recommends specific actions to restore trust in local media—including what each American can do to help
democratic governance. Below are a few of the reasons that’s necessary. as.pn/trust
2O% 7O%
SINCE 2004
of newspapers that went
OUT OF BUSINESS
were in the suburbs of
metropolitan areas.
OF ALL
NEWSPAPERS Newsroom employment
25%
IN METRO & in the US declined by
LOCAL AREAS
in the US have gone out of business
or merged. Others have cut back
so substantially, experts call them
"GHOST PAPERS." BETWEEN 2008 & 2018
Newspaper newsroom
employees dropped by
47%
FROM 71,000
TO 38,000
Source: University of North Carolina School of Media and Journalism, 2018. | Pew Research Center, 2019.
THIS LAND IS SHARED LAND

Over half of the American West is public land owned and managed by states or the federal government. As a result, land
stewardship—and the tensions it creates among environmentalists, foresters, developers, and residents—has an outsized impact
on the rural West. This was the topic of the most recent America’s Rural Opportunity event in Portland, Oregon, in June. The
Institute’s Community Strategies Group and the Rural Development Innovation Group, in collaboration with the Rural Voices for
Conservation Coalition and Portland State University’s Hatfield School of Government, hosted this event to showcase innovation
in the rural West. The 10th in the series, the event was livestreamed nationwide. “It’s difficult for local communities to understand
how all these competing interests affect their opportunities and the role of public lands in their local economies,” Mark Haggerty
of Headwaters Economics said. To seize new opportunities, the speakers encouraged communities to build partnerships with long-
time opponents. Blue Mountain Forest Partners’ Mark Webb said successful collaboration “took three long years of developing
relationships with people you don’t like initially and think you can never understand.” All the speakers—including Colorado State
University’s Tony Cheng, Attorney General for the Kootenai Tribe Billy Barquin, and Salmon Valley Stewardship’s Toni Ruth—
spoke of the hard work it takes to make alliances and bridge regional land-use tensions. Luckily, that hard work is paying off:
communities are navigating policy and regulations, and stewarding natural resources for healthier economies and more resilient
ecosystems. aspeninstitute.org/csg
Courtesy Arnold Worldwide

Kendrick Moholt
The Eagle Cap Wilderness in northeastern Oregon

“DON’T RETIRE, KID”
This summer, the Institute’s Sports & Society Program launched a public-awareness
campaign through its Project Play initiative called “Don’t Retire, Kid.” The campaign
includes a new public-service announcement and is a wake-up call to the fact that fewer kids
are playing team sports compared with a decade ago. In August, the “Don’t Retire, Kid” PSA
debuted on ESPN to strong positive feedback. The campaign—which receives support from
"If 62 percent
members of Project Play 2020, a group of sports, media, and industry leaders committed
to raising national sports participation rates—featured athletes like Kobe Bryant, Sue Bird,
of kids have
Sloane Stephens, Mookie Betts, Albert Pujols, Wayne Gretzky, and Clayton Kershaw. The
average child spends less than three years playing a sport and usually quits by age 11, most
given up on
often because the sport just isn’t fun anymore, according to a new Institute survey. Kids as sports, what
are we doing
young as first-graders are feeling stressed, and parents are under pressure to cover rising
costs: the average family spends $693 annually per child in one sport. Last year, only 38
wrong?"
percent of kids ages 6 to 12 regularly played team sports, down from 45 percent in 2008. As
the “Don’t Retire, Kid” PSA puts it: “If 62 percent of kids have given up on sports, what are
we doing wrong?” Check out the #DontRetireKid hashtag on social media. Parents can also
find resources to navigate the world of youth sports—and keep more kids in the game—at
ProjectPlay.us.
Courtesy Arnold Worldwide
Kendrick Moholt
A child "retires" from sports in the "Don't Retire, Kid" PSA.

Aspen Young Leaders in Newark
Neel Parikh
A NEW GENERATION OF CHANGE
“My understanding of what a leader is has completely changed,” on homelessness, environment and art, education, and immigration
said Aroob Ahmad, an Aspen Young Leaders fellow from Newark and xenophobia. In a documentary, the Delta fellows showcased the
at her fellowship graduation in July. “Sometimes being a leader everyday issues youth face while also shedding light on the innovative
means taking a step back and letting someone more suited take ideas that new organizations are using to tackle them. They also held
charge.” Two classes of the Aspen Young Leaders Fellowship an open-mic night for youth artists and activists and created a social-
graduated this summer, one in Newark, New Jersey, and one in media campaign called “Rewriting the Delta.” At the graduation
the Mississippi/Arkansas Delta, the first ever from that region. ceremonies, the Aspen Young Leaders Fellowship announced a new
Kate Awtrey
Aspen Young Leaders fellows complete a 15-month program partnership with the online tutoring company Wyzant to make on-
exploring leadership, meeting with community innovators, and demand tutoring available to all fellows and alumni. What's more, the
working together to address compelling issues in their home fellowship program announced it will give fellows the opportunity to
regions. The fellows put their new leadership skills into action apply for financial resources to advance their community projects
with a group Community Impact Project. The Newark fellows and will organize a multigenerational seminar for alumni and their
(@NewarKulture) created a campaign and docuseries that focused families in early 2020. aylf.aspeninstitute.org
EAT LIKE A HUMAN

What does it mean to eat like a human? More than 200 guests on Maryland’s Eastern
Shore found out in June at the Aspen Wye Fellows event “Food Evolution Revolution: The
Cutting Edge Fusion of Archeology, Anthropology, and the Modern Kitchen.” The program
featured Bill Schindler, the director of the Eastern Shore Food Lab at Washington College in
Maryland. Schindler challenged the audience to ditch the processed food that makes up the
bulk of the typical American diet—a diet that can lead people to suffer from both obesity and
malnutrition at the same time. The dietary past, he said, which was free of processing, should
inform current food systems and help Americans focus on nutrition and sustainability. At
the Eastern Shore Food Lab, Schindler transforms college students’ view of food by taking
them foraging, teaching them to cultivate sourdough cultures, and guiding them through
pig butchering. Schindler also hosts workshops to teach the public how to restore their
connection to real food. It is, he hopes, the beginning of a food revolution.
Paul Fine
Schindler
aspeninstitute.org/aspen-wye-fellows

HEALTHY PHRASING
In July, the Institute introduced Public Health Reaching Across Advisory Committee. “But we also know they’re hard. Any partnership
Sectors, or “PHRASES,” to the hundreds of local leaders attending requires constant, effective communication.” The right perspective
a meeting of the National Association of County and City Health is also key, said Nat Kendall-Taylor, the CEO of the FrameWorks
Officials. PHRASES, a joint initiative of the Institute’s Health, Institute. “When public-health professionals better understand how
Medicine and Society Program and the de Beaumont Foundation, leaders in other sectors think, they can focus their communication
is researching how housing, education, health-systems, and business efforts on cultivating an understanding of the social determinants of
leaders think about public health in their work. The goal is to create a health.” Soledad O’Brien, the co-chair of the PHRASES Advisory
set of recommendations and tools that help public health professionals Committee and the CEO of Starfish Media Group, added her
become better communicators and build healthier communities. “We insights about the power of storytelling to shape the way people think
all know partnerships are essential,” said John Dreyzehner, the former about public health. PHRASES will roll out resources, developed with
Neel Parikh
health commissioner of Tennessee and a member of the PHRASES the FrameWorks Institute, by early 2020. phrases.org
Kate Awtrey
Kendall-Taylor, PHRASES
fellow Sheila Hiddleson,
O’Brien, and Dreyzehner
LISTEN TO THE LEAST-HEARD VOICES

Businesses collect vast amounts of data on consumer views, listening strengthen the impact of social projects and policy initiatives?
experiences, and feedback in order to improve service and efficiency. How do power imbalances rooted in race, ethnicity, culture, gender, and
Is there a parallel among foundations class affect an organization’s ability to listen? The Institute's program
and nonprofits? How do those who published answers to these questions in its final report, Meaningfully
tackle urgent economic, social, Connecting with Communities in Advocacy
and environmental issues gather How are and Policy Work. US nonprofits’
and respond to the perspectives community listening practices, for example,
of the local communities most
voices vary widely—from gathering input
included? Whose voice
affected? Fund for Shared Insight, is heard? and feedback through surveys to
a collaborative of 94 funders, processes in which community
commissioned the Institute’s Aspen members themselves help develop
Planning and Evaluation Program to solutions. The report also notes
investigate how nonprofits listen to and that funders’ and nonprofits’ internal
connect with the communities they cultures and strategies must genuinely value
Who gets to
serve. What does it mean to really listen decide advocacy multiple forms of expertise. Fund for Shared Insight released the
to marginalized communities? How does priorities and findings in April. aspeninstitute.org/apep
strategies?
Paul Fine

THE NEW DEBT TRAP

US student-loan debt—which for many can lead to higher Shalala
stress, poorer health, and lower savings for retirement—is
a hot topic of debate among everyone from advocates, to
borrowers, to 2020 presidential candidates. The Institute’s
Financial Security Program and the Bipartisan Policy Center
recently hosted an event on Capitol Hill to explore the best
policy and system reforms for future generations and the
economy. The event launched the latest Financial Security
Program brief, Student Loan Cancellation: Assessing Strategies
To Boost Financial Security And Economic Growth, which focuses
on 16 debt-relief proposals put forth by policymakers from
across political parties, all designed to aid 44 million student
borrowers. The proposals vary from targeted reforms of
federal repayment plans to a total cancellation of $1.5 trillion
in outstanding federal student-loan debt. US Representative
Donna Shalala argued that states’ disinvestment in higher
education helped create the problem, and suggested reducing
the length of repayment terms and expanding debt forgiveness
to those engaged in public service. The problems associated
with student-loan debt are systemic and consequential both for
Greg Gibson
today’s debtors and tomorrow’s college students—but they are
also solvable. aspeninstitute.org/fsp
Student loans are one of the most urgent consumer-debt challenges in the United States.
THE DEBT FILES
The burden of student-loan debt is systemically undermining millions of households’

financial security, with serious consequences for borrowers and the nation. In fact, federal
student-loan debt has reached record levels. aspeninstitute.org/fsp
Global Opportunity Youth Initiative participants

DETROIT AND DENVER LEARN TO ARGUE
This spring, the Better Arguments
Project—a partnership among the
Institute’s Citizenship and American
Identity Program, Facing History
and Ourselves, and the Allstate
Corporation—piloted new public
events in Detroit, Michigan, and
Denver, Colorado. The project
teaches Americans how to have
better arguments and fewer
divides, and joins forces with local
organizations to talk to people on all
sides of polarizing issues. In March,
the project partnered with the Urban
Consulate in Detroit to create a
dialogue among 300 Detroiters
about the tensions between longtime
residents and newcomers to the city. Better Arguments Project in Detroit
Poet Marsha Music shared a few lines
from “Just Say Hi,” a poem she wrote
Greg Gibson
about Detroit: “We faced upheavals through the years, that caused sector growth. The project asked participants at both events to take
Detroiters many tears. So now, again we rearrange—the lifeblood follow-up actions in their own communities, and it also awarded select
of this town is Change.” In Denver, Better Arguments partnered participants with micro-grants to implement particularly creative
with Anythink Libraries in June to start a conversation among 100 action ideas. In 2020, the Citizenship and American Identity Program
Valaurian Waller
Denver-area residents, including Colorado Governor Jared Polis, will launch new tool kits, seed funding, and training opportunities.
about the economic tensions associated with the region’s rapid tech- aspeninstitute.org/better-arguments
PEOPLE POWER
In May, the Aspen Wye Fellows hosted Michael Steele—former
chair of the Republican National Committee and an Institute–
Rodel fellow in public leadership—for its capstone event. Steele
brought a welcome blend of candor regarding current US political
strife and idealism that the nation can come together in contentious
times. Although a turbulent and unruly political landscape marked
by extreme partisanship and fiery rhetoric has run roughshod over
the body politic the past few years, Steele suggested, America’s
“we the people” principle will always advance the nation in trying
times. “‘We the people,’” he said, “is how Americans have always
righted wrongs and moved the country forward as a democracy
of the people, for the people.” Steele added that despite rampant
polarization he is optimistic about US voter engagement in 2020.
aspeninstitute.org/aspen-wye-fellows
Paul Fine
Steele

TK
"I HAD TO CONFRONT

MY PAST HEAD ON"
Photos of Adrienne and her mother, courtesy Adrienne Brodeur; author photo by Julia Cumes; jacket design by Christopher Moisan
Aspen Words Executive Director Adrienne Brodeur’s new To a large degree, I’ve been writing about that moment and how it
memoir, Wild Game: My Mother, Her Lover, and Me, wrestles with affected me ever since. As a teenager, I kept journals. As a young
Brodeur’s complex familial relationships. The story begins with adult, I mostly tackled the subject comedically—in light-hearted
Brodeur’s mother waking her in the middle of the night to tell personal essays and thinly veiled fiction. I played the story for
her of an illicit kiss. For Brodeur, it was the start of a young- laughs, in an effort to mask the shame and anger I felt. But when
adulthood in which she would play co-conspirator and enabler my husband and I started a family of our own, I realized I had to
for her mother’s years-long affair with her husband’s best confront my past head on, through memoir and in my own voice.
friend. Brodeur spoke with Institute Executive Vice President
Eric L. Motley—himself the author of a memoir that details his ELM: How did your own relationship with your daughter inform
childhood, Madison Park: A Place of Hope—about Brodeur’s new how you reflected on your relationship with your mother? How
book and about writing her truth. aspenwords.org have you safeguarded your relationship with your daughter from
the destructive impulses of your relationship with your mother?
ELM: You have been living with this truth for a very long time.
How did you come to find the courage to tell this story? AB: When Wild Game is published in October, my daughter will
be same the age I was when my mother tapped me to be co-
AB: It has been a long time. I was only 14 years old the night conspirator in her affair—a role that dominated my life for over
my mother woke me up to tell me that she’d been kissed by my a decade. Now that I have a teenager of my own, it is harder than
stepfather’s best friend. Even at the time, I understood that it ever for me to imagine what would possess a mother to derail
was a defining moment for me. Nothing in my life was ever the what should have been her daughter’s natural transition toward
same. I went to bed as my mother’s daughter, and I woke up as independence. All I want is for my daughter to develop her own
her best friend and confidante. sense of self, her own passions and pursuits. And although I

Murphy
adore her, she is not my best friend—she is my child. My role appreciate the many wonderful things about her and to forgive her
is to love her unconditionally and give her room to grow and for the bad choices she made. I’m learning to forgive myself as well.
thrive. Same goes for my son, who is 10.
ELM: What has been your mother’s response to the book? And
I wrote this memoir out of a desire to understand the impulses equally important, what has been your response to her?
surrounding my mother’s actions all those years ago. I’m less
interested in exposing her demons than in getting to know AB: My mother has always been supportive of me professionally,
them. I love my mother very much, but I do not wish to repeat especially when it comes to writing. About four years ago,
the mistakes of the past, nor to parent as I was parented. when I told her I planned to write the story as memoir, she
encouraged me. Since that time, she has succumbed to vascular
ELM: The two of us, in telling our stories, have had to confront the dementia and gone through dramatic cognitive changes. I speak
dialectical and complex relationships with our mothers. How did you to her every day and give her news of the book, and although
go about emotionally and psychologically unpacking the stuff that she is excited for me, she is no longer capable of following long-
you locked away for so long in the attic of your heart and mind? form narrative, even when it is about her own life. That said, I
"When Wild Game is published my daughter

will be the same age I was when my mother
tapped me to be co-conspirator in her affair—a
role that dominated my life for over a decade."
Photos of Adrienne and her mother, courtesy Adrienne Brodeur; author photo by Julia Cumes; jacket design by Christopher Moisan
AB: One of the best ways to unpack hard stuff is to read, read, have read much of the book aloud to her and she smiles. She
and read some more. Literature is like therapy. Through reading— Proj-especially loves to remember the wonderful meals we shared
fiction, memoir, poetry—we expand our capacity for empathyect together—she was an incredible cook. I think she likes being
and learn to value the complexity of the human condition. Early reminded of a time in her life when she was a powerful woman
on in the writing of Wild Game, I stumbled on a line from Vivian who got what she wanted.
Gornick’s brilliant book, The Situation and the Story, that became
a guiding light for me: “We must see the loneliness of the monster ELM: In your career, you launched a literary magazine with
and the cunning of the innocent.” I took that to mean that I could Francis Ford Coppola, served as an acquiring editor at Houghton
neither mythologize myself nor demonize my mother if I wanted Mifflin Harcourt, and now are the executive director of Aspen
to write a good book and do my story justice. Above all, I wanted Words. How did your literary background influence your writing?
to tell the truth as I experienced it. To do so, I had to examine my
own role in this drama, my own complicity. AB: There is simply no better writing education than to be an
For better or for worse, I’ve always had a great deal of attentive and astonished reader, and my literary career has
compassion for my mother, a feeling that deepened considerably required me to read voraciously. In books, I’ve found endless
during the writing of this book. She had such a lonely childhood, inspiration, not to mention a labyrinth of influence. At Aspen
which was followed by an unhappy first marriage and the Words, I have been fortunate to watch writers come through our
loss of her firstborn son. I think much of her life was spent programs at every stage of their careers: as students, working
trying to avoid confronting the pain and grief caused by those artists, teachers, speakers, and prize winners. Their willingness
experiences. Exploring her past and bringing her to life on the to show up and be seen through their words not only inspired me
page was revelatory for me. Writing this book helped me to better but gave me the courage to write Wild Game.
A deep-water submersible
TABLE TO FARM MOTHER OF INVENTION

In June, the Institute’s Energy and
Environment Program, in partnership When Tina Chang was working on her latest poetry collection, Hybrida, she focused on
with the US Farmers and Rancher’s news stories about the violent deaths of unarmed black men like Eric Garner, Michael
Alliance, hosted the inaugural Honor Brown, and Tamir Rice. As the mother of a young black boy, she felt compelled to
the Harvest Forum on a family- ask through her work how she would raise her son to be safe. Chang, Brooklyn’s first
owned corn and soy farm in southern female poet laureate and a professor at Sarah Lawrence College, spoke about the
Maryland. The forum brought together creative process during a taping of the First Draft podcast hosted by Mitzi Rapkin.
all sides of the food and agriculture The discussion took place before a live audience in June at Aspen Words’ Summer
industries, including Energy and Words Writers Conference and Literary Festival, where Chang taught a five-day
Environment Program Executive poetry workshop. “I was trying to chart the course of how difficult it is to get to
Director Greg Gershuny, US motherhood,” Chang said of Hybrida, "and yet how miraculous that is." She explained
Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue, that she wove her own history into the book, too. Poems like “Revolutionary Kiss”
and US Farmers and Ranchers Alliance highlight the ancestral paths from Taiwan and Haiti to the United States, paths that
CEO Erin Fitzgerald, along with brought Chang to the moment when she kissed her son for the first time. Chang also
farmers, ranchers, suppliers, packagers, spoke of her admiration for Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Stanley Kunitz, her 25-year
retailers, and experts in environmental friendship with former US Poet Laureate Tracy K. Smith, and her favorite karaoke
and economic sustainability. It was a song, “Bohemian Rhapsody.” aspenwords.org
microcosm of the real world, a “system
in the room” that allowed participants
to co-create a vision for sustainability, Chang
form new partnerships, take action,

and answer the question, “How can
the power of agriculture draw down
climate change while creating value
across the supply chain?” At the
end of Honor the Harvest, working
groups developed innovative food and
agriculture projects to carry forward.
aspeninstitute.org/energy-and-
environment-program
Preston Keres
David Clifford
Fitzgerald, Gershuny, Perdue

Dan Bayer
Jones
NOVEL USE
In May, Aspen Words and the Pitkin County Library launched The Community Read,
a program to start conversations about the books that win the Aspen Words Literary
Prize, an annual $35,000 award for a work of fiction that illuminates a vital social issue.
This year, that honor went to Tayari Jones for An American Marriage, a novel about a
wrongfully convicted African American man and his family. To ignite the conversation
about the novel’s themes—including racial discrimination and mass incarceration—
Aspen Words distributed 300 free copies of the novel to residents of Aspen and
neighboring cities. Book lovers then gathered at the Pitkin County Library in June
for a book-club-style discussion. Later that month, Community Read participants
heard from the author in person as Jones spoke with Aspen Words Executive Director
Adrienne Brodeur before a sold-out audience in Aspen. Jones discussed “the collateral
effects of wrongful imprisonment” and how the national tragedy of mass incarceration
touches all Americans. The Community Read culminated in July with a “Beyond the
Book” panel featuring legal experts Meryl Chertoff, the outgoing executive director
of the Institute’s Justice and Society Program; Anne-Marie Moyes, the director
of the Korey Wise Innocence Project at the University of Colorado; and Jennifer
Wherry, the executive director of Alpine Legal Services in Colorado’s Roaring Fork
Valley. The panelists used An American Marriage to talk about inequality in the US
justice system, why the United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world,
and how criminal-justice reform can help. The Community Read brought the Aspen
David Clifford
Words Literary Prize mission to life—sparking thoughtful conversation around one of

America’s most challenging issues. aspenwords.org

THE RESNICKS AND THE LEGACY OF HERBERT BAYER

This year, the 100th anniversary of the Bauhaus School of
Design, Lynda and Stewart Resnick donated $10 million for
a new center on the Institute’s campus in Aspen dedicated
to the work of artist Herbert Bayer. The Resnick Center for
Herbert Bayer Studies will allow the Institute to preserve and
honor the art of Bayer, who designed the Institute’s campus and
whose work represents the fullest expression of the Bauhaus
movement in America. Through this gift, the Institute will be
able to showcase its Bayer works, expand its collection, borrow
from major cultural institutions, and open new exhibitions
Jared Siskin
to educate the public about Bayer’s legacy. “The impact of
Stewart and Lynda Resnick
art and design in society has been a source of inspiration for
Stewart and me throughout our lives,” said Lynda Resnick, the campus of the Institute, Bayer’s greatest work of art.” With an
vice chair and co-owner of The Wonderful Company. “We are emphasis on the integration of form and function, Bayer’s work
gratified to support the Institute in providing a resource for reflects the innovative thinking and problem solving that are
future generations to appreciate the influence that Bauhaus central to the Aspen Idea (see “A Total Work of Art,” page 52).
had on Bayer and consequently on the town of Aspen and the aspeninstitute.org
HOW TO LEAD THE SMART MACHINE

Machine-learning and quantum-computing technologies present intelligence is ethical, and how can society leverage AI to solve
enormous opportunities, and definite challenges, to countries problems? To address these questions, the Institute’s international
around the world. Leaders must think critically about the questions partners, supported by Microsoft, launched the NextGen Network,
these new technologies raise: how can society ensure that artificial bringing together more than 90 international emerging leaders
in technology, business, policy,
and journalism. To date, NextGen
has held workshops in Mexico,
Germany, the Czech Republic,
India, and France. The network
asks young leaders to explore how
societies should respond to new
technology and to examine local
and international policy solutions. In
Mexico, the group focused on using
AI for public health and to fight
corruption; in Europe, discussions
centered on AI regulations in the
European Union; and in India,
Courtesy Global Nomads Group
participants emphasized leveraging

AI for education and climate
action. The next workshop will
Ondřej Besperát
be held in September in London.

NextGen Network participants in Prague aspeninstitute.org/nextgen-network

EXCHANGE OF
SCENERY
THE INSIDER’S EDGE:
ASPEN INTEL
Thanks to virtual exchange, an educational tool that connects Get connected ... Happy to share my 30 years of
people through online technology, young people from around local boots-on-the-ground insider Aspen intel.
the globe can learn from one another while developing a deeper
understanding of the broader world. The Stevens Initiative
invests in virtual-exchange programs that link youth in the
United States to their peers in the Middle East and North
Jared Siskin
Africa. This April, the initiative announced six new grants, Sign up at: SusanPlummerAspen.com/INTEL
expanding the program’s reach to nearly 40,000 youth in 15
Middle Eastern and North African countries, the Palestinian
Territories, 44 US states, Puerto Rico, and Washington, DC.
Initiative participants develop skills that make them good global
“Why aren’t you charging for this??” Tina Staley
citizens and competitive in the workforce. “This class showed
me that I have my own voice,” Elizabeth Byrnes, an alumna “The way you do one thing is the way you do
of the Stevens Initiative–funded program at the University of EVERYTHING. No wonder you’re a top realtor”
Nebraska–Lincoln, said. “I want to use it more often to look Jenny Kennedy - Aspen/Miami
past mundane differences.” stevensinitiative.org
“Love the restaurant info (‘ASPEN EATS : UPDATES’)”

Diane Tuft - New York
“WOW!!! Awesome information”

Amy Phelan - Aspen/Palm Beach
“Very valuable…and I live here!”

Mona Look-Mazza - Aspen
“Great Content”
Holly Hunt - Chicago
Susan Plummer
Broker Associate
970.948.6786
Courtesy Global Nomads Group
Ondřej Besperát
Students connect through virtual exchange.

REFLECTION & E

It can be hard to find a quiet moment during the summer at the
Aspen Institute. The entire campus is alive with sound. On one end,
students at the Aspen Music Festival are practicing their newest
orchestral pieces. On the other, Institute participants are arguing
about the ethics of genetic engineering. The air is electric. Ideas jump
from person to person. It is exhilarating and inspiring and chaotic.
& EXHILARATION
But in Anderson Park, you will find respite. Intentionally placed in the middle of the
40-acre campus between the rooms where you rest and the rooms where you engage
with ideas, this is a place for reflection—for transcendence. It forces you to look up at
the resplendent mountain vistas before turning your gaze to pools of shimmering water
below. Herbert Bayer’s signature landscapes lend themselves to such moments. The
Bauhaus artist’s influence is present throughout the Institute, in buildings and outdoor
spaces and even the landscapes they frame.
Much like the Bauhaus movement, the work of the Institute is a rebellion against the
norm—against what has been done before. Our summer programs celebrate progress
and innovation. At Aspen Ideas: Health and the Aspen Ideas Festival, speakers and
attendees this year discussed everything from the Green New Deal to fresh ways to
think about our emotions. The Aspen Security Forum tackled current challenges to
our national security. At the Resnick Aspen Action Forum, global leadership fellows
examined the borders both internal and external in their lives. And at Bauhaus: The
Making of Modern, we marked the centennial anniversary of the German school
recognized as the 20th century’s most revolutionary experiment in art, architecture,
and design.
The change of seasons conjures the same emotions as that in-between space in
Anderson Park. As we slow our pace in preparation for cool weather, we can allow
our ideas, and ourselves, our own room to reflect—and even seek the transcendence
Bayer’s landscape makes real every summer.
23
My dog did something cute and I After Hannah’s suicide attempt,
didn’t smile. That’s terrifying, because we started learning more and more
my dog is adorable, you know? I about mental health. And it wasn’t
mean, it terrified me. I remember just something to push into a closet
going through the day hoping to feel and ignore. We made the NotOK
something. I think that’s actually why app—a digital panic button that sends
I started self-harming, because I a text message to your preselected
wanted to feel something.” five closest contacts with a text
Hannah Lucas, 17, co-creator of the NotOK app message that says, ‘Hey, I’m not OK.
Come call me, text me, or check up
on me,’ along with your current GPS
location and directions.”
Charlie Lucas, 13, co-creator of the NotOK app
Dan Bayer
24
ASPEN IDEAS:
The fundamental fallacy of the war on
ASPEN HEALTH
drugs is that we omit the relationship
IDEAS: HEALTH
we have with a drug, which should
determine whether or not it’s valuable.
There is no such thing as a good drug
Riccardo Savi
or a bad drug; it’s how we use them.

MDMA, also known as ecstasy, was a
therapy drug from the middle ’70s to the
early ’80s. Then it escaped and became
a party drug. So when MDMA was
criminalized in ’85, all the therapeutic
use was criminalized as well.”
Rick Doblin, founder and executive director,
Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies
We’ve been studying

the human genome for
years, and we’re still
studying the genome,
and it still surprises us
every day. It’s a unique
opportunity for all
people to work together:
we all share one single
genome; it is in all of us.
I think this is a unifier.”
Duanqing Pei, founding executive
director, Guangzhou Regenerative
Medicine and Health, Guangdong
Laboratory
Leigh Vogel
25
When we lock somebody up in America,
we are paying anywhere from $23,000 to
$87,000 a year to keep them in prison.
Then we release them, and we expect
them to do good. How? All we give them
is a laundry bag, a bar of soap, a tube of
toothpaste, and some t-shirts. When you
Dan Bayer
punish somebody without a relationship,
you create rebellion. We are breeding
rebellion in our inner-city neighborhoods.
We need to start loving more and caring
more about our people, humans, citizens.
People come to our program and they
say, ‘Why are you doing this?’ And we say,
‘Because we love you.’ Grown men start
crying because nobody has ever told them,
‘I love you.’ Simple words—I love you—can
change the world.”
Riccardo Savi
Jerry Blassingame, founder and CEO, Soteria Community
Development Corporation
Dan Bayer
26
When #MeToo exploded on the scene,
its most visible proponents were women
ASPEN IDEAS: HEALTH

in Hollywood. While they were thinking
about how to change the culture, they
got a letter from migrant farmworkers.
These women said to them: ‘What
you experience on the film sets in
Dan Bayer
Hollywood is what we experience in the

field every day. But you are women of
power, and we have no agency or voices.
But still, we’re here to support you.’ It
was a tremendously moving moment.
And that is what galvanized Time’s Up.
Those women started a crowdfunding
source—the most successful crowdfund
online in the United States. Time’s Up
legal defense fund has represented
women across industries, and the
number two industry it has represented
is health care.”
Esther Choo, strategic lead, Time’s Up Healthcare
Some things change in life even

for a 91-year-old. I’ve always said I
don’t talk about politics. Somebody
who talks about sex from morning till
night has to stay away from politics.
These days, I’ve changed my mind.
I’m very upset when I see children
being separated from their parents
because that is also my story.”
Ruth Westheimer, author and sex therapist
Dan Bayer
27
We use new technology, like portable
ultrasound, that we wouldn’t have used
10 or 15 years ago and now feel naked
without. That’s going to be just as true of
social determinants of health in another
10 or 15 years. We’re training all of our
Dan Bayer
medical students and residents to think
about why the patient came in beyond
their medical illness.”
Ali Raja, executive vice chair, Department of Emergency
Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital
There’s absolutely no question that climate

and extreme climate has enormous impact on
health. Whether it’s the changing tick population
we’re seeing across the country, wildfires and
the pulmonary health of firefighters, red tide
and the cholera outbreaks around the world—
we have a critical role in focusing on the health
consequences of climate. I’m hoping Congress
gives us the resources to expand that work. We
need to be much more aggressive.”
Dan Bayer
Robert Redfield, director of the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention
We collect the stories of people from all

around the world who share the last sound
they’d like to hear at the end of their lives.
Thinking about the end of life is scary. But
that fear is one thing that we have in common,
one thing that unites humanity. Stories about
sound reveal that the beauty of our sensory
experience is what makes us human.”
Yoko Sen, sound artist and founder, Sen Sound
Riccardo Savi
28
ASPEN IDEAS: HEALTH
Riccardo Savi
It was a Monday morning. I had started working for Feeder Kenya, a women’s rights
organization. My program manager alerts me that there’s a 21-year-old girl incarcerated
on Friday who needs help. I was a corporate lawyer working with millionaires and
billionaires and property developers. At the police station, I’m told to go to the back
where my client is. They have isolated her. They tell me I must talk to her through wire
mesh. As I allow my eyes to adjust, I see this little girl in the corner in the dark, her knees
clutched up to her chest. She’s not responding to me. ‘So what is my client in for?’ I ask
the police officer. ‘Oh she’s been charged with procuring an unsafe abortion.’ I quickly
think about my mom, who is a Maasai Christian Presbyterian. What is she going to say
about me? Dear Jesus, I am among one of the girls who ridiculed and shamed women
in universities who had had unsafe abortions. The police officer shows me photos of a
basin that has a fetus in it and proudly tells me this is going to be one of the easiest cases
he’s ever handled. ‘Has this young girl had any medical care since you incarcerated her?’
I ask. ‘She’s a criminal! It’s what she deserves. The best we can do for her is her day in
court.’ At that very moment, I knew this was going to become my new identity. I was
going to represent women who had been incarcerated and charged with abortion-related
offenses. And I was going to do it for free.”
Tabitha Saoyo, human rights lawyer
29
When you have stage IV cancer, you say all the things that you hope
will be true—like, ‘I’m sure it will be great,’ or, ‘I’m sure we can afford it.’ You’re
trying not to hurt the people you love most, because you feel in that moment
like you’re the worst thing that ever happened to them. So you lie to each
other. We live in this culture that seems unable to allow people to suffer
without explaining them. A lot of the people who were the cruelest were either
fully religious or imagined themselves not to be religious at all. I should either
surrender to the fact that I am the product of an uncaring universe and why
bother trying, or God was certainly punishing me for a reason. There was a
real desire to defend God from tragedy—such a basic desire to say that we
need to be on God’s side when we see the evils of the world. I thought it was
unbelievably cruel that you can tell somebody who has a 2-year-old kid and
a husband they’ve loved since they were 14 that their loss is somehow part of
a divine math that they can solve. I just needed everyone to take a step back
and realize that the math isn’t easy. Whatever the calculus of our lives is, it isn’t
easy. So I started writing. Then I became secretly thrilled to meet other people
like me and realize that this cultural inability to talk about suffering is actually a
really amazing way to enter into our deep humanity. So I stuck around for the
conversation.”
Kate Bowler, associate professor of the history of Christianity in North America, Duke University Divinity
School; author, Everything Happens for a Reason
Riccardo Savi
30
ASPEN IDEAS FESTIVAL
31
We’ve been led to believe
that the contrast is between ‘racist’ and
‘not racist.’ Well, what is a ‘not racist’?
Typically, people cannot even define
‘racist.’ And, typically, ‘not racist’ is an
act of denial. So, the contrast with ‘racist’
is actually ‘anti-racist.’ Anti-racist ideas
suggest that racial groups are equals.
Racist ideas suggest that certain racial
groups are superior or inferior to others.
Racist policies yield racial inequity. Anti-
racist policies yield racial equity. Racist
people are those expressing racist ideas
or are supporting racist policies with their
action or even inaction—because if you
do nothing in the face of racist policies,
you’re maintaining a norm of racism.”
Riccardo Savi
Ibram X. Kendi, founding director, Antiracist Research and
Policy Center, American University
We need a bat signal. A signal that

says, ‘This is what we’re fighting for,’ and
not just, ‘This is what we don’t want.’
Ultimately, when we get concrete about
our top five issues, we’re going to make
sure that in 2020 nobody is going to
make a single decision unless women
say yes. Let’s just sit with that. What if
to make a decision in this country, you
had to have the consent of women,
trans folks, gender-nonconforming
folks? What if you really couldn’t make
any decision without the majority of the
country?”
Alicia Garza, co-founder, Black Lives Matter
Leigh Vogel

We live in a world that is so
sharply divided and polarized
that sometimes it can feel like
our differences are so stark as
to be insurmountable. To me,
there’s something really powerful
in the idea that we all find joy in
some of the same things—that
underneath it all, there’s this part
of us that has this silly attraction
to things like googly eyes and

rainbows.”
Ingrid Fetell Lee, designer and founder, The
Aesthetics of Joy
Ian Wagreich
I believe in our democracy.

I believe in the firmness and the
vitality of our democracy. And I
absolutely believe that, whether
it’s four years or eight years,
America will survive. Republicans
agree with much of the policy
prescriptions Trump is putting
forward, and therefore, they are
bending to the policy, not to the
personality. Our democracy is
much stronger than any one
person. That’s why I don’t lie
awake at night.”
Chris Christie, former governor of New Jersey
Dan Bayer
33
I grew up extremely rough. We’re looked at as superheroes—
As I got older, I started asking indestructible, and there’s that feeling
questions: why my rage, my of invincibility, like when you’re a little
moods? I could be around a group kid. But we also feel isolated. There are
of people, yet feel so alone. I so many layers to the human being.
got to a point to where I wanted A reporter started asking all these
to understand it. I don’t want to questions: ‘Hey, there’s some rumblings
be that person when I retire— that you’re unreliable or you’re suffering
miserable with a bunch of money with some serious mental issues that
and hate. For me, just being able make you untrustworthy out there on
to come out, just accepting that the floor.’ So I felt it was time for me to
to be vulnerable was my biggest share my own story, but I wasn’t quite
issue. And being able to talk. I got there yet. When DeMar, thank God,
tired of feeling like I had to be the came out and shared his struggles with
toughest person every day depression, I thought to myself, ‘Shit, if
all day.” he can do it, I can do it.’ ”
Riccardo Savi
DeMar DeRozan, NBA shooting guard, Kevin Love, NBA all-star and power forward, Cleveland
Dan Beyer
San Antonio Spurs Cavaliers; founder, Kevin Love Fund

A person can have limited views in one part of their life—be
wrong about something, even something really important—and still
have an incredible capacity for compassion in another part of their
life. We’re rightly hostile to a lot of views because they’re prejudiced,
but we don’t often address how many of those views correlate with
class issues or the role that being impoverished or not having
access to education plays in their creation. So we end up punishing
people twice. I know people who have views that I find to be really
wrongheaded, maybe even reprehensible, but who have done
selfless things like taken in foster children and adopted them. We

should recognize that people are not one thing. That’s not to say that
racism or sexism is OK, or we shouldn’t be protecting people who
suffer from that rhetoric, but there is some benefit to attacking the
prejudice and not the people.”
Tara Westover, author, Educated: A Memoir
Riccardo Savi
35
If there’s a
place
where bias
doesn’t
exist,
I haven’t
found it.”
Rosalind Brewer, COO,
Starbucks
Riccardo Savi
Finding an alternative to plastic
is an all-hands-on-deck moment
for us as scientists. I’m designing a
seaweed replacement for single-use
plastics that is going to be commercially
viable, degrade naturally, and improve
ecosystems. Why seaweed? Well,
seaweed is a regenerative crop, meaning
that it gives much more than it takes.
Seaweed is also fluid and gorgeous. It
dances. It’s an overlooked answer.”
Julia Marsh, Designer and Founder, Sway
Ian Wagreich
Riccardo Savi

When Millennials had to find a building on campus
without their phones, the typical student talked to three other
people on campus along the way. How many people do you think
the typical person talked to when they had their phones? Zero.
The phone cuts out little interactions, which might seem trivial,
but it turns out that these small interactions we have in everyday
life can actually make a difference to our feelings of connection.
Still, overall, people in the phone group were a little bit happier by

the end of the day than the people who did not have their phones.
The reason? Phones make things easy. People love easy stuff;
easy is good. But this massive benefit that convenience provides
is largely undercut by this loss of social connection. So, phones
are changing our lives in multiple ways at the same time. It may
depend on the particular features of the situation as to whether
the phone is really going to hurt you or help you.”
Riccardo Savi
Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology, University of British Columbia

Riccardo Savi
37
When you change your energy
source, you change everything.
How can we design the economic
transformation that is coming when
we shift from fossil fuels so that
everyone benefits? Because
historically, in the United States,
when we have these transformations,
the progress is on the backs of the
same types of people over and over
again. Is there a way to solve these
crises without making someone’s
life, body, and dignity the price
for progress?”
Rhiana Gunn-Wright, Policy Director,
New Consensus
Dan Bayer

The United States is being
forced to share a greater
proportion of the defense burden
for Western Europe. Three
presidents—Clinton, Bush, and
Obama—tried to do something
about it. It was on the agenda of
every NATO meeting and most
G8 meetings, and every bilateral
meeting with a NATO ally. And

Trump comes in and he throws
a fit. I give him credit: they’re
now starting to pony up. So the
Dan Bayer
undiplomatic language, the lack
of process, and the impulsiveness
do have some upsides.”
Karl Rove, Fox News contributor
It hurts when your

Ian Wagreich
version of the
truth collides with
someone else’s
version of the truth
and they’re right.”
Kiese Laymon, author,
Heavy: An American Memoir
Dan Bayer
39
It was a good party to leave and I left.
The Republican Party ceased being a vessel of
conservatism. It did not damage conservatism; it
damaged itself. It didn’t begin on January 20th
at noon in 2017. It began a long time ago as
Congress began divesting itself of powers that
it had no right to divest itself of. The first words
of the Constitution after the preamble are, ‘All
legislative power shall be vested in a Congress
of the United States.’ Once vested, it cannot
be divested. But now, we have this enormous
unfettered presidency, this anemic Congress,
and no one can or should be happy with this
Riccardo Savi
disequilibrium in the wonderful constitutional

architecture that Madison gave us.”
George Will, columnist, The Washington Post; analyst,
MSNBC and NBC News
We often think that
if we sort ourselves into
tribes, that will make us feel
protected, but it actually is
completely the opposite.
Tribalism is a very bad
outcome in the United
States. Places with success

stories are ones where they
abandoned tribalism and
realized the community is
the most important thing.”
Mary Daly, president and CEO,
Federal Reserve Bank of San Fransisco
Riccardo Savi
There has to be something I can give

that can be inspiring. Because music has
done that for me. I’ve listened to everyone
from Stevie Wonder to Bob Dylan—who all
open me up to wanting to be a better per-
son. I want to offer that same thing.”
Common, musician, actor, and activist; CEO, Think Common
Riccardo Savi
Savi
Leigh Vogel
41
If, as a society, we were
rewriting the rules of the internet
from scratch today, it is not at all clear
to me that we would want to have
private companies making so many
decisions about what constitutes
political speech and what should be
acceptable election advertising. We
would be better off if we had a more
robust democratic process setting the
rules and arbitrating some of the
trade-offs among values we hold dear.”
Mark Zuckerberg, CEO, Facebook
Ian Wagreich
When I came home to Dakar

and started to investigate the
creative scene, I felt an energy that
was specific to the city. It was a time
when the subculture was rising, and
I wanted to be a part of it. I wanted
to express myself from that energy.
Dakar, the visualization of the city, is
a daily inspiration.”
Ian Wagreich
Dan Bayer
Selly Raby Kane, designer, SRK

We know from years
of research that emotional
intelligence matters. People
who have higher EQs do
better in life: They’re more
successful, more trustworthy,
more likable, more persuasive.
That’s fundamentally true
for technology as well—for
technology that communicates

with humans on a daily basis. So
that set me on a journey to build
technology that can read human
emotions just as humans can.
The merger of IQ and EQ in
technology is inevitable.”
Leigh Vogel
Rana el Kaliouby, co-founder and CEO,

Affectiva
I was 100 percent certain

I would not fall off. And that
certainty is what kept me from
falling off. Can we just talk about
that sense of certainty? That
sentence kind of gets to the heart
of free-soloing in some ways, which
is, at the base of it, there has to be
a self-confidence there. There has
to be a real confidence that you
can do the thing you’re setting out
to do. The only way it really works
out is if you can maintain that
confidence throughout.
If you get scared while free-
soloing, it all starts to crumble.”
Ian Wagreich
Alex Honnold, climber

43
STAYING
SECURE
BY STAYING
TOGETHER

Speakers at the 10th annual Aspen
Security Forum, presented for the first
time by the Aspen Strategy Group,
not only answered critical questions
about national security and foreign
policy; they made the case for strong
alliances in the face of global threats.
The Aspen Security Forum doesn’t

just bring together the nation’s top
ASPEN SECURIT Y FORUM

officials and policymakers to share the
latest intel. Sometimes it’s where they
come to hear it. Adam Schiff, chair
of the House Intelligence Committee,
caused palpable alarm at this year’s
forum when he revealed that it was
during the 2018 forum he learned
about Russian hacking attempts
on three Senate campaigns. “That
should not be the first time the Intel-
ligence chair is hearing that,” he said
during his conversation with NBC’s
Kristen Welker—an understatement,
the audience agreed. And he wasn’t
particularly confident about the secu-
rity prospects for the 2020 election.
BY JON PURVES | PHOTOS BY DAN BAYER
45
Welker Davidson
“We are stronger than any other

potential adversary so long as we stay
together. The most important thing is
the resolve, the political will, the unity
of the alliance. As long as that is in
place, then we are safe.”
The topics this year included election security, the com-

petition for primacy between the United States and China,
Stoltenberg Rood
and US foreign policy in the Middle East and other global
hot spots. But one persistent sentiment endured: the value
of alliances and common ground both domestically and
overseas. NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg set the
tone during the forum’s opening session when he reminded “China is the largest country with
participants that for 70 years, NATO’s global influence has
relied on the principle of one for all, all for one. “We are 50
the ability to change our way of life in
percent of the world’s military might,” he told NBC corre- the United States and to change the
spondent Courtney Kube. “We are stronger than any other global order, for good or ill.”
potential adversary so long as we stay together. The most
important thing is the resolve, the political will, the unity of
the alliance. As long as that is in place, then we are safe.”

Russia. “China is the largest country with the ability
to change our way of life in the United States and to
“Japan is not our most important ally change the global order, for good or ill,” John Rood,
in the region, they might be indeed the undersecretary of defense for policy, told Fox
our most important ally on the globe.” News’s Catherine Herridge.
National security also takes domestic concerns
into consideration. High on the list of internal
threats is domestic terrorism stemming from white
supremacists—a risk that became tragically apparent
shortly after the forum with a racially motivated
fatal shooting in El Paso, Texas. A panel on violent
Philip Davidson, the commander of US Indo-Pacific extremism moderated by The Daily Beast’s Kim
Command, summarized the extent of his mandate—“from Dozier confronted the subject head-on. Leading
Hollywood to Bollywood, polar bears to penguins”—which thinkers acknowledged that too little attention had
includes more than half the world’s population. As China been given to white supremacy: Nick Rasmussen, the
becomes increasingly belligerent in the contested South former director of the National Counterterrorism
China Sea and elsewhere, he said, the Pentagon looks to its Center, couldn’t recall a conversation on the topic
allies for crucial support, and India, with its population of during his time at the agency. He admitted to feeling
1.35 billion, offers the potential. For now, he said, “Japan is a “little bit sheepish and almost embarrassed about
not just our most important ally in the region; they might that, because when you talk to Americans, [domestic
be indeed our most important ally on the globe.” violence] is much more likely these days to be at the
Echoing Davidson, other speakers emphasized that front of their mind when they’re thinking about
ASPEN SECURIT Y FORUM

the principal current threat to US interests is China, not extremism and the threat of terrorism.”
Two leaders from previous administrations had
pointed criticisms for the present one. Reminding
us that she was once a refugee, former Secretary
of State and Institute trustee Madeleine Albright
called on the audience to “reclaim America’s proud
heritage by saying no to division and hate. . . . Today
we have a president who does not speak for us. We
must therefore speak up for ourselves.” Susan Rice,
the former national security advisor to the Obama
administration, was concerned for diplomatic
relations: “We have our allies saying to us that what
they hear out of the mouth of the president is wholly
inconsistent with the values we purportedly share.”
Aspen Security Forum organizers seem to have a
knack for scheduling the event during international
incidents, and this year participants and attendees
contended with the news of Iran’s seizure of a
British oil tanker. This made participants return
even more repeatedly to the idea that friends matter.
Sigal Mandelker, under secretary of the treasury
for terrorism and financial intelligence, stressed
that the US “works very closely with [its] European
colleagues on countering that kind of malign
behavior.” Despite policy differences, she assured
the audience that our alliances remain strong.
Jon Purves is the Institute’s senior media relations manager.

Rice
47
BORDERS
This year’s Resnick Aspen Action Forum
implored global leaders to consider what
may lie beyond the limits they have
constructed for themselves and others.
BY AMINA AKHTAR | PHOTOS BY DAN BAYER

THE RESNICK ASPEN ACTION FORUM
49
very Every July, 350 leaders from China had its one-child policy, she paid the penalty fee
more than 30 countries come for any employees who had a second or third child. She
together in Aspen at the Resnick didn’t stop there. “I realized lots of females now are
Aspen Action Forum to reflect getting PhDs and master’s degrees overseas,” she said at
and recommit to improving the a Leadership Beyond Borders plenary session. “When
world. Everyone attending the they return, they struggle between having children,
week-long event has something in having a family, and having a career. So we said that
common: using the principles of if you decide to have more options and freeze your
values-based leadership learned eggs, our company will support you by paying for the
in their Institute fellowship to make an impact in their cost.” Taking care of your employees, Sun emphasized,
communities. Fellows’ activities range from focusing on benefits the company in the long run.
health inequities in the United States to empowering Anousheh Ansari, a Middle East Leadership
youth leaders in the Middle East. Fellowships give Initiative fellow, became the world’s first female private-
people the opportunity to examine their core values as sector space explorer to travel and stay onboard the
leaders, act on their convictions through social impact International Space Station, in September 2006. “I
ventures, and build relationships across the globe that like to prove people wrong,” Ansari said in a keyonte
hold them accountable. address, reflecting on her time as a child when she
Whether it is Bright Simmons, who creates innovative thought the chances of becoming an astronaut were
technology to track the temperature of vaccines during slim. Ansari recalled looking at planet Earth through
shipment, or Srikumar Misra, who partners with rural the window of the International Space Station: “You
farmers in Eastern India to transform their livelihoods, don’t see any lines. You don’t see any borders. There is
one thing is clear: these fellows know they’ve been key nothing that divides us.”
to solving issues in their community, and that Aspen
Institute fellowships are their own key to personal and
professional growth.
When it comes to solving issues in the business world,
Jane Sun has just what her employees need. Sun, a
fellow in the China Fellowship Program, is the only
female CEO of an internet company in China. When
Above: Simons; Right: Orode Doherty, Africa Leadership Initiative - West Africa fellow

It was a perfect metaphor for this year’s goal: to
discover what’s possible when you take down or
examine the borders within and around you. “Borders
and boundaries,” Dan Porterfield, the CEO of the
Aspen Institute, said at the opening ceremony, “can
prevent the dialogue, the contact, and the breakthrough
that enables growth and harmony.”
John Simpkins, who was officially introduced at the
forum as the Institute’s new vice president of the Aspen
Global Leadership Network, told the group that his story
of borders was relatable no matter which country or
society you grew up in. The schools in his South Carolina Ansari
hometown were integrated the year before he entered
first grade, he said, and there was a sense that segregation
was still the norm—“this notion that you don’t even need Fellows spent their days engrossed in seminars and
to erect physical borders, people just know.” taking breaks to listen to participants like former
Each fellow at the forum makes an Action Pledge—a United Nations Under-Secretary General Olara A.
public commitment to direct their talents and resources Otunnu, who is working to change the systems in his
toward a specific societal challenge with a clear home country of Uganda. “We see and think of the
time-bound goal. Since the inception of the forum, ugliness and evil in conflict situations,” Otunnu said,
more than 1,200 pledges have been made. Tanya going on to explain that we don’t always notice the
Mroczek-Amador, of the Central America Leadership goodness and incredible sacrifices made by people in
Initiative, moved the room with her pledge: “I will those same places. Looking for that goodness, he said,
empower Nicaraguans and freedom-loving partners informs one’s outlook on peace and reconciliation.
to reunite 2,000 refugee families in Costa Rica by July Late in the week, there was a performance of the
1, 2020.” Other fellows pledged improved access to play Borders, an emotional take on the refugee crisis in
healthcare in rural China, increased diversity across Syria. Ironically, one of the cast members could not
for-profit corporate boards, and cybersecurity training perform, because he was unable to get a visa. The
THE RESNICK ASPEN ACTION FORUM

for thousands of internet users. weight in the air was palpable as fellows discussed
their reactions in the discussion that followed. When
one fellow started to cry, conjuring memories of her
own displacement, another silently changed her seat
to hold her hand.
As the week drew to an end, the conversation turned
to working together and maintaining faith in the vision
of a better global society. David Langstaff closed the
forum by reciting the poem “Come to the Edge” by
Christopher Logue, which captured the hope and
intent of the week’s programming and its impact on
participants. Logue’s powerful words echoed the reason
the forum was created in the first place. As Langstaff put
it: “We recognize that it is not enough to focus solely
on individual responsibility and transformation. We
must encourage and enable collective action if we are to
address systemic injustice.”
Amina Akhtar is a digital associate and producer in the Institute’s

communications department.
Misra
51
A TOTAL W
Dan Bayer
By Catherine Lutz
L WORK OF ART
How the Bauhaus and Herbert Bayer Shaped the Institute
BAUHAUS: THE MAKING OF MODERN
53
Stewart Resnick Collection and of the comprehensive,
innovatively conceived Bauhaus centennial exhibition in
the Institute’s Doerr-Hosier Center.
Both physically and programmatically, De Waal told
the gathering, the Institute “was an attempt to create a
new kind of space in postwar America, where all kinds
of people would be able to sit around these extraordinary
tables”—hexagonal, Bayer’s design solution to eliminate
any hierarchy—“together, creating a liminal space. And it
remains radical today.”
The timing of the conference, with its scholarly and
sometimes provocative consideration of the Bauhaus
Riccardo Savi
legacy, could hardly have been better: it immediately
preceded the announcement of a $10 million gift from
Lynda and Stewart Resnick that will both celebrate and
change the history of the Institute—the Resnick Center
for Herbert Bayer Studies, in a new study center to be
built on the Institute’s campus (please see page 20).
Transformative in its influence on art, architecture, and
design around the world, the Bauhaus was housed in three
German cities—Weimar, Dessau, and Berlin—from 1919
Dan Bayer
until it closed under Nazi regime pressure in 1933. With
Artist Paula Crown, De Waal
a name that means “house of building” and a founding
“The Bauhaus idea of community is so powerful now—

the idea of people who disagree with each other being
within the same building. We need people to stay within
the same building and disagree with each other. That’s the
kind of utopian community we all want.”
The speaker was 2019 Harman/Eisner Artist in
Residence Edmund de Waal, the best-selling author of
The Hare with Amber Eyes, whose ceramics are exhibited
around the world. The setting was Bauhaus: The Making
of Modern, a two-and-a-half day celebration marking the
centennial of the founding of the German art and design
school. Presented by the Society of Fellows, the program
was the capstone of a year of exploring the legacy of one of
the past century’s most influential, if shortest-lived, design
schools, which both defined and changed generations of
design thinking.
The celebration was appropriately held on the Aspen
Institute campus, designed by Herbert Bayer, the Austrian-
born multidisciplinary artist. The campus is Bayer’s This page and above right,
Bauhaus exhibition in the
masterpiece—his Gesamtkunstwerk, or “total work of art,” Resnick Gallery of the
according to Bernard Jazzar, the curator of the Lynda and Doerr-Hosier building

manifesto that declared its goal to be “the unified work of
art,” the school taught both applied and fine arts around
the concept to “not just create objects but recreate the
notion of modern living,” Barry Bergdoll, an art history
professor at Columbia University, said at the gathering.
There was no such thing as Bauhaus style; the school
welcomed experimentation and collaboration, and
honored a “purposeful diversity,” according to Leah
Dickerman, the director of editorial and content strategy
for the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. “The
legacy of the Bauhaus became even more important after
the Bauhaus closed, because an ethos and way of thinking
Riccardo Savi
carried on.”
Rather than submit to Nazis terms, the school closed
and a diaspora began. Bauhaus founder and first director
Walter Gropius settled in Cambridge, Massachusetts, to
teach at the Harvard Graduate School of Design. Besides
influencing hundreds of students, his architectural legacy
includes dozens of buildings in the United States.
And the school itself experienced a new life in this
country—thanks to Walter Paepcke, the head of the
Container Corporation of America and the Institute’s
founder. With the funding and support of Paepcke,
the Hungarian multidisciplinary
artist and Bauhaus master
László Moholy-Nagy came to
Chicago to lead the New Bauhaus
school. The artist, whose
Bayer would transform
influence in applied crafts is richly
documented in Jazzar’s Doerr-
himself again—and play a
Hosier exhibition, remained in major role in transform-
ing a whole town—when he
Chicago, working and teaching
until his death, in 1946.
Bayer had worked with both
Gropius and Moholy-Nagy at
came to Aspen in 1946.
the Bauhaus, which he joined
as a student in 1921. He left the
BAUHAUS: THE MAKING OF MODERN
school as a master in 1928, to

gain more work experience and
pursue ambitions in Berlin as a
graphic designer. By then, Bayer
had embraced the Bauhaus idea
of collaborating with industry to
Nick Tininenko
help shape daily life. As he built

his practice and career, it became
55
clear that Hitler’s ambitions and hostility to modern art Robert Wiesenberger, associate curator of contemporary
would disrupt his life and work. Bayer followed Gropius projects at the Clark Art Institute, expressed another.
and others to the United States in 1938. His first project Bayer’s careerism, he told the group, was “substantial and
was designing a Bauhaus exhibition at the Museum of sustained complicity with fascism.” Similar to the ways
Modern Art. we choose today to respond to the evidence and threat of
Like the Bauhaus in its short life, Bayer transformed and climate change, Wiesenberger said, Bayer “knew everything
re-branded himself multiple times. By the time he landed he needed to at the time. One always has a choice.”
in New York, he had done significant work in collage, Bayer would transform himself again—and play
watercolor, sculpture, painting, typography, advertising a major role in transforming a whole town—when
and marketing design, and exhibition design. Even if he he came to Aspen in 1946 in the employ of Paepcke;
considered himself apolitical, three of his paintings were Bayer designed advertisements for Paepcke’s Container
included in the Nazi-sponsored Degenerate Art exhibition Corporation. Paepcke intended to attract tourists to the
in 1937. His ambition drove his work—and led him to do former mining town and nascent resort, and Bayer’s
advertising and design work from 1933 through 1937 that promotional materials—ski posters, the now-ubiquitous
could be considered propaganda for the Third Reich. aspen-leaf logo—helped the ambitious project succeed.
That work continues to make Bayer’s legacy Bayer had grown up in Austria and was by birthright a
problematic. Speakers referred to Bayer’s American- good skier, and he found happiness in the mountains—a
born Jewish wife, Irene Hecht, whom he married in 1925 contentment, Jazzar said, evoked in the soft lines and
and separated from in 1928, after they had a daughter, peaceful moods of his “underappreciated” mountain
Julia, Jewish by birth. Elizabeth Otto, an art and cultural paintings from that era.
historian at the University at Buffalo College of Arts Along with restoring some of Aspen’s best Victorian
and Sciences, expressed one opinion in the art history architecture and designing new structures in the simple,
community by telling the group that she had been deeply modern style by now associated with the Bauhaus,
upset on discovering Bayer’s propaganda work to benefit Bayer took on the master planning of the Aspen
Dan Bayer Photos

the Nazis but that she also questioned the validity of Institute campus—a 20-year endeavor that fulfilled his
judging another’s decisions without knowing the full Bauhaus-fueled hopes to tackle “the design problems of
context of the decision. our time.”
His first structure was the seminar building, now the
Koch Building, completed in 1953. Bayer incorporated
into the building a sgraffito mural, a technique he had
learned from Wassily Kandinsky at the Bauhaus, whose
lines mirror the contours of nearby Red Mountain. He
and his team worked at night, using powerful lights to
guide their way, in an effort to avoid the bright sun drying
out the plaster too quickly.
Then came the Grass Mound in 1955, the first
earthwork structure in the United States and the
beginning of a trend in earthwork as art—a trend that
in the 1960s took on international significance and one
its chief proponent, Michael Heizer, attributed to Bayer’s
innovation, according to Jazzar.
The Health Center, completed the same year, features
a flat roof for sunbathing, a spiral staircase, and a colorful
mural, all elements that remain iconic. It anchored the
west side of the campus, which was devoted to lodging,
recreation, and relaxation as well as the notion ingrained
in the Aspen Idea that to be a complete person, one must
not only nurture the mind but also the body and spirit.
After Paepcke died suddenly, in 1960, Bayer was asked
to create a new building in his memory. The resulting
Paepcke Memorial Building, still the focal point of the east
Dan Bayer Photos
side of campus, “is one of the most amazing structures

Bayer designed,” Jazzar said. “You can’t call it Bauhaus
architecture; it’s Herbert Bayer architecture.”
“You can’t call it Bauhaus

architecture; it’s Herbert
Bayer architecture.” BAUHAUS: THE MAKING OF MODERN
Left: Wiesenberger, Bergdoll, Motley, Otto,

Saletnik, De Waal; Above: Wiesenberger
57
Every aspect you experience
[on campus] is because this
man thought of everything,
from the siting of the
buildings to air circulation to
the way water flows through
the space. It’s why it’s the
total work of art.
place to exchange ideas and grapple with the human

issues of the time.
His last masterpiece involved design and building, but
not bricks and mortar. In the early 1970s, Robert Anderson,
then-president of the Institute, asked Bayer to fill in the
space between two sides of campus. Bayer’s response was
Riccardo Savi
Anderson Park, “a masterpiece of earthwork sculpture,”
Jazzar Jazzar told the group, that “we all walk through every day.”
With its mounds, terrain undulations, and ponds,
Anderson Park, completed in 1973, achieves the balance
Echoing Bayer and Paepcke’s founding idea that the Bayer sought between the man-made structures on
Institute should reflect democratic engagement, the Paepcke campus and the landscape beyond. It also serves as a
Building houses meeting spaces and offices; its centerpiece mental transition: Bayer wanted people to walk from
is the auditorium, with its cleverly concealed tall, narrow their cars to the buildings and in between the buildings,
windows to let in light and views. On one side, a hexagonal to invite reflective thinking. Many campus visitors, Jazzar
courtyard links the Paepcke building with the seminar said, “don’t even realize they’re walking through an art
building and its own hexagon-shaped meeting rooms. piece, because it looks as natural as possible. It’s a magical
Besides creating “beautiful geometries,” according space that has come to represent the ideal of the Aspen
to Jazzar, Bayer’s brilliance in design was to fit in new Institute.”
structures with existing ones and with the landscape—as “Herbert Bayer designed every part of this campus,”
well as how timelessly the design would complement its Jazzar told the Society of Fellows gathering. “Every aspect
function. The modest size and low profile were signature you experience [on campus] is because this man thought
Bayer design principles—in scale with human beings and of everything, from the siting of the buildings to air
in relation to the mountains that spectacularly surround circulation to the way water flows through the space. It’s
the campus. Bayer’s use of hexagons and octagons, why it’s the total work of art. The Institute campus truly
over and over again, to facilitate egalitarian meetings reflects Bauhaus ideals as interpreted by Herbert Bayer
in the round reflect the founding ideals of the Institute and manifested in this amazing location.”
that Edmund de Waal evoked at the gathering: to bring
leaders and thinkers together in a neutral, contemplative Catherine Lutz is a writer living in Aspen.

The Aspen Journal of Ideas offers thought-provoking analysis and issue-defining
information from the programs and partners of the Institute.
60 REDEFINING CORPORATE AMERICA

When the Business Roundtable renounced the 62 FROM CHILD WELFARE
TO CHILD WELL-BEING
primacy of shareholders, putting social good Babies are more likely than older children to end
above the bottom line, the group was lauded up in foster care despite being more vulnerable
for its reconception of corporate purpose. But, developmentally. A new initiative is changing
writes Judy Samuelson, it was the Institute’s that, says Myra Jones-Taylor. Instead of
Business and Society Program that had blame, Safe Babies Court Teams helps parents
heralded the idea for over a decade, working become confident, stable caretakers, so babies
to bring long-term value creation to a tipping can leave foster care and go home.
point. It worked.

REDEFINING
CORPORATE AMERICA
When the Business Roundtable reconceived corporations’ purpose to reflect the
common good instead of just the bottom line, it was the result of more than a
decade of Institute engagement with business leaders.
By Judith Samuelson
n a mid-August Monday, a story landed in the York Times written with Antonio Weiss raises important questions
business press that was groundbreaking— about the accountability of mutual funds and institutional
and for some breathtaking. The Business investors and their influence on the priorities of business. We met
Roundtable, the 188-member-strong trade with experts Marty Lipton and Ira Millstein to better understand
association representing about 30 percent of the tenor of boardrooms and the principles of governance that
total US market capitalization and a collective are consistent with long-term value creation. We worked in
15 million employees, had issued a new version of parallel—same ends, different strategy—with champions of the
their statement on the purpose of the corporation—renouncing B Corp movement, Henry Crown Fellows Andrew Kassoy, Jay
the primacy of shareholders. Coen Gilbert, and Bart Houlahan, the co-founders of B Lab
Alan Murray, the editor of Fortune, called it “a big story ... and McNulty Prize laureates. The program also developed a
and an important one.” In The Washington Post, Steve Pearlstein close working relationship with legal scholar Lynn Stout, who
said the statement was both significant and welcome. Heather single-handedly helped disrupt the conventional understanding
Landry, the editor of Quartz at Work, called the decision the of the law behind fiduciary duty. We even created a prize for
“demotion” of shareholders. Bloggers, podcast hosts, and business-school faculty who are innovating in the classroom.
tweeters piled on, and within a day every major business- Just last year, Business and Society gathered 20 fellow
news outlet from the United States to London, France to New travelers from journalism, business education, business,
Zealand, had covered the Business Roundtable’s release. finance, and corporate governance around this question: What
Jamie Dimon, the CEO of JP Morgan Chase and the is holding us back from a better narrative about the purpose
chairman of the Business Roundtable, pointed to the economic of the corporation? One of the ideas that surfaced was to
stresses on many Americans, “legitimate questions about the role challenge the Business Roundtable to update its own mission
of large employers,” and the need for companies to embrace statement. Three writers, Steve Pearlstein, Joe Nocera, and
“inclusive long-term growth” as part of the landscape of change. Rick Wartzman, brought attention to this approach, which led
Millennial values in the workplace, politics, and the transparency to a dinner with Jamie Dimon, Business Roundtable CEO Josh
made possible by the web and social media undoubtedly Bolton, Vanguard CEO Bill McNabb, and me.
added urgency. The restatement of corporate purpose called The dinner was “testy,” as Alan Murray described it in a
attention to new concerns: the health of host communities, the cover story for Fortune. But the result was a year-long inquiry by
environment, and employees, including equipping them for the Business Roundtable on what has changed in the operating
massive changes in the workforce. This might well signal a shift environment and in the posture of their own members. That
in how the Roundtable will begin to think about and weigh in inquiry has now borne fruit. The Business Roundtable has
on pressing issues like climate change, where business influence invested heavily in making the recall of shareholder primacy
could be critically important to picking up the pace of change. front-page news—attracting cynics and naysayers, but also
Deep change starts with a powerful idea. opening a path for pundits, scholars, and the Institute’s own staff
The Business and Society Program headed down this road and colleagues to raise the bar on accountability.
over 10 years ago with the Aspen Principles on Long Term What is next for the Aspen Institute? Our work continues
Value Creation. These highlighted the idea that corporate with programs and leadership initiatives in partnership with
purpose is a conscious choice of the executive and board, and business networks, scholars, and thinkers with a singular voice.
opened inquiry into the mind-sets, scholarship, protocols, and The Business and Society Program will lean in to this change.
incentives that helped shareholder primacy acquire its power. Our priorities include working with finance faculty, writing
The Business Roundtable statement begins with the critically about the new rules of business, and drafting principles of pay.
important role of the private sector in delivering the products and While new rules emerge, the purpose of the corporation will
services most Americans take for granted, from transportation continue to be best understood through actions and operations
to communications to medicine to defense. It identifies issues more than through words. Data on how much of the recent tax
and concerns tackled by dozens of Aspen programs, working cuts was paid out to shareholders versus how much was invested
groups, and leadership initiatives: human rights, inequality and in employees or infrastructure demonstrates that stock price
economic opportunity, communities. still dominates public-company boardrooms and executive
Business and Society’s engagement continued through dozens suites. Pay packages loaded with stock send a stronger signal to
of off-the-record meetings on its Aspen Principles with hundreds managers than any mission statement can.
of executives, plus white papers, academic gatherings, networks, One thing is clear: The Institute has been a home to this
and platforms—including memorable sessions at the Aspen conversation since its founding. And it will continue to be an
Ideas Festival. Working across our own team and in partnership incubator for both policy and protocols that bring powerful
with other Institute programs, we helped elevate the voices of ideas to life.
innovative thinkers such as Howard Schultz, the former CEO of
Starbucks, and Henry Crown Fellow Leo Strine, the chief justice Judith Samuelson is the founder and executive director of the Business and
of the Delaware Supreme Court, whose recent op-ed in The New Society Program at the Aspen Institute.

FROM CHILD WELFARE
TO CHILD WELL-BEING
Instead of leaving the youngest children in foster care, a new program takes
a whole-family approach and provides parents with the skills they need to be
successful, confident nurturers—and bring their babies home.
By Myra Jones-Taylor

T
he day Donaria was born was her mother’s first
day of sobriety. Pauline, her mother, thought
she was going to lose her daughter, who was Court teams see children
born on the spectrum for fetal alcohol disorders, placed in permanent
that first day. As she sat in the hospital, Pauline
said to herself, “I’m going to do everything it homes at a rate of 83.7
takes to keep her.” percent—three times faster
In 2017, more than one in six infants were affected by
prenatal alcohol or illicit drug exposure. As a result, infants
than infants and toddlers in
and toddlers are more likely than older children to be placed the foster-care system.
in foster care, and during a time when their brains are growing
faster than at any later point in life. Donaria is one of those
young children. Luckily for her and Pauline, the Safe Babies
Court Team in Pulaski County, Arkansas, guided their foster- Since 2009, the Pulaski County court team site has not seen
care journey. a recurrence of maltreatment: not one baby has reentered
Developed by Zero To Three, an Ascend Network Partner the county’s child-welfare system. A recent evaluation of the
based in Washington, DC, that advocates on behalf of better approach found that across the country’s sites, maltreatment
outcomes for babies and their families, the Safe Babies Court recurrence over 12 months was less than 1 percent. Nationally,
Team approach doesn’t just work within the child-welfare the rate of recurrence is far higher. According to the US
system. It sets out to transform every community it works in. Department of Health and Human Services, recurrence of
Court teams embrace babies and families, like Donaria and maltreatment averages 9.1 percent over the same 12 months.
Pauline, and give them the support and services they need The court team approach is successful in large part because
to promote healthy child development. The support allows it gets babies and families the support and services they need
parents to address their own adverse childhood experiences earlier and faster than families involved in the traditional
so they can prevent their children from experiencing some of child-welfare system. Every court team member works quickly
the same adversity. because they know that babies undergo astonishing growth in
That notion is a foundational element of the premise their bodies and brains. We see children placed in permanent
of the two-generation, or whole family, approach advanced homes at a rate of 83.7 percent—three times faster than infants
by Ascend at the Aspen Institute, where I am an Ascend and toddlers in the general foster-care population. Almost two-
Fellow and Zero To Three is an Ascend Network member. thirds of them find permanent homes with members of their
We are part of a national movement that focuses on own families. These numbers are significantly better than the
building well-being for both children and the adults in their national standard of 40.5 percent.
lives. A guiding principle of the two-generation approach Pauline and her baby are living examples of why a new
is a commitment to learning from families’ expertise and approach to child welfare matters. Pauline is a strong, courageous,
building on their strengths. Transforming child welfare and motivated parent. She developed a solid relationship with
requires more than simply increasing the availability of a her case manager and the Safe Babies team to make significant
few services. It means a change in understanding what is at and lasting changes that affected her entire family. By actively
stake in the developing brain of a young child experiencing participating in substance-use disorder treatment, mental
adversity or trauma. health therapy, and enhanced life-skills development, Pauline
The Safe Babies Court Team goal is to transform “child carved out a path for housing and employment stability and
welfare” into the practice of “child well-being.” The program took control of her journey toward sobriety. Donaria is now
connects babies and their families with the support and thriving under her confident parenting.
services they need to promote healthy child development, When parents do well, their babies can get the strong start
while at the same time ensuring children and families exit in life that they deserve. The Safe Babies Court Team approach
the foster-care system as quickly as possible and have a safe, has an extraordinarily positive impact on participating families
nurturing permanent home. and their babies. At a time when the narrative around child
According to the State of Babies Yearbook: 2019, Arkansas welfare often focuses on the failures of a broken system, court
is in the bottom tier of states for babies’ well-being. In response, team families show that change is possible. Until the nation
the Arkansas Department of Human Services created a meets families where they are and builds on their strengths, the
bold action plan, including a Safe Babies Court Team pilot child welfare system will not change.
program. Arkansas recognized the need to do better for its
babies and has taken steps to improve outcomes for infants, Myra Jones-Taylor is the chief policy officer at Zero To Three
toddlers, and their families. and an Ascend fellow.

FACES: Socrates Benefit Dinner
Charles and Elizabeth Koch,
Laura and Gary Lauder
Brian Hooks
Lisa Baker, Larry Thomas Brian Hooks, Bonnie and Tom McCloskey
ld, Arjun Gupta

Charles Koch, Dan Porterfie
Melony and Adam Lewis
Kristofer Clark, John Sta

uffer
Dan Bayer
Dan Bayer
Gary Lauder, Kitty Boone, Laura Lauder

s
Lemuel William
Williams and
64 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019 Terri Broussard
FACES: Summer Celebration
Frank Gehry, Rob and Kim Coretz
Eric Motley, David Rubenstein
Stewart Resnick, Mark Hoplamazian Bernard Jazz

ar, Lynda R
esnick
Frank Gehry
Jim Crown
Anne McNulty
Diane Morris, Penny Coulter, Rob Coretz, Melony Lewis

Ken Davis, Laurie Tisch
Dan Bayer
Dan Bayer
Mark Hoplamazian, Adam Lewis, Rachel Kohler

Arjun Gupta
Tom Pritzker
FACES: Aspen Words Summer Benefit Dinner
Elinam Agbo, Alina Grabowski, Jonathan Escoffery, Jennifer Hope Choi, Seth Fishman
Ed Hamlin, Kaki Kohnke
Tayari Jones
John Fullerton, Dan Porterfield

Genevieve Smith, Martha Durgy,
Peter Waanders, John Adam s, Lizbeth Adams, Cathy O’Connell Dave Gollon, Susan Keenan, Jeffrey Bradley
Susan Orlean
Adrienne Brodeur
Inette Brown, Camille Cook, Siri Hutcheson, Nancy Dunlap
Jo Altmaier
Nick Tininenko
Dan Bayer
a Carson
Barbara Fergus, Tar

FACES: Bauhaus: The Making of Modern
Bernard Jazzar, KoKo Bayer
Edmund de Waal, Lynda Resnick

Sharon Applebaum
Trish Aragon
Warwick Sabin, Stewart Resnick, Dan Porterfield
Edmund de Waal, Idit Ferder

Nick Tininenko
Dan Bayer
l
Paula Crown, Edmund de Waa
Helen Obermeyer, Robin Tebb
e

FACES: Society of Fellows Summer Events
David Fuente, Judith Steinberg
Deborah Meisel, Lee Meisel, Stephanie Naidoff, Moniqu

e Clarine
Jan Sarpa, Nancy Furlotti
Jeffrey Berkus, Charles Cunniffe, Judy Allen Mark Silverman, Michael Naidoff
Elliot Gerson, Jessica Full

erton Lissa Ballinger
Warwick Sabin, Margaret Medellin Bonnie McCloskey, Michael Pack Dan Bayer and Riccardo Savi
Myles Krieger, Eric Krieger, Biggers

Patty Alper Nancy Silverman Allison Janae Hamilton, Sanford

FACTS
Leigh Vogel
SEMINARS LEADERSHIP
EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP SEMINARS THE ASPEN GLOBAL LEADERSHIP NETWORK
Executive leadership seminars explore the tensions among The Institute cultivates entrepreneurial leaders and encourages them
values that form our conception of a Good Society and effective to tackle the great challenges of our time through social ventures.
leadership. Using moderated, text-based dialogue, groups of 18–20 Each Aspen Global Leadership Network program encourages a
hold interactive roundtable discussions to identify and explore new generation to move from success to significance by addressing
their professional values and leadership styles. Themed and custom the foremost challenges of their organizations, communities, and
seminars are also available. countries. Today, there are 14 different fellowships with over 2,700
aspeninstitute.org/seminars fellows in more than 60 countries.
aspeninstitute.org/agln
THE SOCRATES PROGRAM
The Socrates Program provides a forum for emerging leaders
from a wide range of professions to explore contemporary issues
through expert-moderated roundtable dialogue. ADVANCEMENT
aspeninstitute.org/socrates
THE SOCIETY OF FELLOWS
The Society of Fellows is a community of Institute friends whose
tax-deductible support advances the mission of the Aspen Institute.
Fellows enjoy unparalleled access to Institute programs, including
exclusive receptions, luncheons, and multi-day symposia. Fellows
For more information on the Executive Seminar, are the first to know of Institute offerings, and they receive special
invitations to events across the country.
please contact Kalissa Hendrickson at
kalissa.hendrickson@aspeninst.org. aspeninstitute.org/society-fellows

FACTS
Ian Wagreich
Dan Porterfield and Walter Isaacson, the
present and former CEOs of the Institute,
discuss the Good Society.
POLICY PUBLIC
POLICY PROGRAMS EVENTS
Policy programs and initiatives serve as nonpartisan forums for The Institute hosts hundreds of public conferences and events to
analysis, consensus-building, and problem-solving on a wide variety provide a commons for people to share ideas. Flagship annual events
of issues. They span nine overarching themes: Business and Society, like the Aspen Ideas Festival, Aspen Ideas: Health, Aspen Words,
Communications and Culture, Education, Energy and Environment, the Arts Program, and the Aspen Security Forum occur side by side
Health and Sport, Justice and Civil Identity, Opportunity and with ongoing year-round programs in New York, Washington, San
Development, Philanthropy and Social Enterprise, Security and Francisco, and Aspen.
Global Affairs. aspenideas.org
aspeninstitute.org/policy-work aspenideas.org/health
aspenwords.org
aspeninstitute.org/arts
POLICY FELLOWSHIPS
aspensecurityforum.org
Born from the Institute’s policy programs, Policy Leadership Programs
aspeninstitute.org/community
empower exceptional individuals to lead in their chosen fields. The
aspeninstitute.org/events
New Voices Fellowship cultivates compelling development experts.
The Ascend Fellowship targets diverse pioneers who are breaking the
cycle of intergenerational poverty. The First Movers Fellowship helps
corporate “intrapreneurs” give financial value to their companies and INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS
positive outcomes to the world. The Colorado Children & Families The Aspen Institute has international partners in Prague, Czech
Health & Human Services Fellowship invests in leaders who are Republic; Paris, France; Berlin, Germany; Rome, Italy; Bucharest,
making the state the best place to have a thriving family. Romania; Madrid, Spain; New Delhi, India; Tokyo, Japan; Mexico City,
aspennewvoices.org Mexico; Kyiv, Ukraine, and New Zealand. These centers host seminars,
aspeninstitute.org/ascend workshops, conferences, and policy programs for high-level leaders to
encourage discussion and debate on foreign policy, defense, and trade
aspeninstitute.org/firstmovers
issues. aspeninstitute.org/international
Dan Bayer
aspeninstitute.org/colorado-fellows

CALENDAR
OCTOBER 17 OCTOBER 29 NOVEMBER 14 NOVEMBER 19
SOF RECEPTION: SOF RECEPTION: Nation in 36TH ANNUAL AWARDS MORRIS SERIES LECTURE:
Policing San Francisco Crisis: Gun Violence Prevention DINNER AT THE PLAZA : The Future of Pop Culture
With the SFPD’s Paul With Sandy Hook Promise’s Chaired by Mercedes T. Bass
Henderson and David Lazar. Nicole Hockley, Contra Costa With Netflix’s Ted Sarandos
San Francisco, CA Office of Education’s Terry Bryan Stevenson, the founder and The Atlantic’s Derek
6–8 pm Keohne, and the Golden State of the Equal Justice Initiative, Thompson.
Warriors’ Steve Kerr. receives the Public Service San Francisco, CA
Award. Call 202-736-3503. 6–8 pm
OCTOBER 18–20 San Francisco, CA
6–8 pm New York, NY
7 pm
SOCRATES UK SEMINARS: DECEMBER 6–8
Leadership in Flux
West Sussex, UK NOVEMBER 5 NOVEMBER 15–16 SOCRATES JAPAN:
SOF RECEPTION: Order Amid Chaos: Major Trends
SOCRATES SALON:
OCTOBER 24 Meet the Author
Aspen Words’ Adrienne Inclusive Republic Seminar Shaping the Future of Technology,
New York, NY Business, and Society
SOF RECEPTION: 24/6, the Brodeur and the San Francisco Japan
Power to Unplug One Day a Week Chronicle’s Barbara Lane on
With filmmaker Tiffany Shlain Brodeur’s memoir, Wild Game.
and artist Kimberly Brooks.
Dan Bayer
San Francisco, CA
Los Angeles, CA 6–8:30 pm
CONNECT
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BENEFITS 2300 N Street NW
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MEDIA INQUIRIES E-NEWSLETTER
Senior Media Relations Manager Sign up for the Institute’s
Dan Bayer
Jon Purves // 202.736.2111 biweekly e-newsletter.

jon.purves@aspeninstitute.org aspeninstitute.org/newsletter

PARTING SHOT
Dan Bayer
A WALK IN THE WOODS
When Walter Paepcke founded the Aspen Institute, in 1950, it was a direct response to the unspoiled natural
world he and his wife, Elizabeth, discovered in this remote town in Colorado. Aspen, they saw, was the ideal place
to gather the most noted thinkers of their time to reflect on how to make a more perfect world: the Good Society.
Nearly 70 years later, philosophers, artists, politicians, entrepreneurs, and members of the media still arrive each
summer to sample the Institute's array of events. But they also come to sample Aspen itself, a place with only one
demand: "Stop, and look around." Above, a group of Aspen Ideas Festival participants leave campus to do just that.
IDEAS: The Magazine of the Aspen Institute is published three times each year by the A
spen Institute and distributed to Institute constituents, friends, and supporters.
To receive a copy, call (202) 736-3541. Postmaster: Please send address changes to The Aspen Institute C ommunications Department, Ste. 700, 2300 N St NW, Washington, DC 20037
or ideas.magazine@aspeninstitute.org.
The opinions and statements expressed by the authors and contributors to this publication do not necessarily reflect opinions or positions of the Aspen Institute, which is a nonpartisan forum. All rights reserved.
No material in this publication may be published or copied without the express written consent of the Aspen Institute. ©The Aspen Institute All rights reserved.

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DEPARTMENTS THE JOURNAL OF IDEAS

the woods. them become confident, stable caretakers so that

4 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

24 | ASPEN IDEAS: HEALTH

30 | ASPEN IDEAS FESTIVAL

cancer—and how to find a building without a phone.

44 | ASPEN SECURITY FORUM

also addressed new and growing threats, like domestic

48 | RESNICK ASPEN ACTION FORUM

52 | 100 YEARS OF BAUHAUS

German design school by exploring artist Herbert Bayer’s

Conferring in the Marble Garden

reinvention is look up. *Chairman Emeritus **On Leave of Absence

6 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

A disciplined process. An independent perspective.

FORBES’ 2019 Best-in-State Wealth Advisors

AS PEN | D ENV ER | 970 . 925 . 8747 | www.obermeyer wood.com

8 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

THIS LAND IS SHARED LAND

Courtesy Arnold Worldwide

The Eagle Cap Wilderness in northeastern Oregon

10 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

A child "retires" from sports in the "Don't Retire, Kid" PSA.

IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019 11

EAT LIKE A HUMAN

12 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

LISTEN TO THE LEAST-HEARD VOICES

IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019 13

THE NEW DEBT TRAP

The burden of student-loan debt is systemically undermining millions of households’

Global Opportunity Youth Initiative participants

14 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019 15

"I HAD TO CONFRONT

16 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

"When Wild Game is published my daughter

TABLE TO FARM MOTHER OF INVENTION

form new partnerships, take action,

Fitzgerald, Gershuny, Perdue

18 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

Words Literary Prize mission to life—sparking thoughtful conversation around one of

IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019 19

THE RESNICKS AND THE LEGACY OF HERBERT BAYER

HOW TO LEAD THE SMART MACHINE

participants emphasized leveraging

be held in September in London.

20 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

“Love the restaurant info (‘ASPEN EATS : UPDATES’)”

“WOW!!! Awesome information”

“Very valuable…and I live here!”

Students connect through virtual exchange.

IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019 21

22 IDEAS SPECIAL ISSUE 2019

or a bad drug; it’s how we use them.

We’ve been studying

ASPEN IDEAS: HEALTH

Hollywood is what we experience in the

Some things change in life even

There’s absolutely no question that climate

We collect the stories of people from all