Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2 (2017)
JURNAL ARBITRER
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Article
SUBMISSION TRACK A B S T R A C T
Recieved: October 2, 2017
Final Revision: November 28, 2017 There are many new words in the social media such as
Available Online: December 5, 2017 Netizen, Trentop, and Delcon. Those words belong to
blending. Blending is one of word formations that combine
KEYWORD two clipped words to form a brand new word. The researchers
are interested in analyzing English blends used in the social
blending, definition of blending, kinds of media such as Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and Blackberry
blending Messenger. This research aims at (1) describing English
blends used in the social media (2) describing kinds of English
CORRESPONDENCE
blends used in social media (3) describing the process of
E-mail: giyatmi85jimmy@gmail.com English blends formation used in the social media. This
research uses some theories dealing with definition of
blending and kinds of blending. This research belongs to a
descriptive qualitative research. Data of the research are
English blends used in the social media. Data sources of this
research are websites that consist of some English words used
in social media and some social media users as the informant.
Method of data collecting in this research is observation which
is combined with writing technique. Observation is done by
observing some websites that consist of some English words
used in social media. Writing technique is done by taking
some notes on the data and encoding them in symbols such as
No/English Blends /Kinds of Blending. The researchers use
source triangulation to check the data and theory triangulation
to determine kinds of blending and blend formation in social
media. There are 115 data of English blends. Those data
consists of 65 data of Instagram, 47 data of Twitter, 1 datum
of Facebook, and 2 data of Blackberry Messenger. There are
2 types of blending used in social media; 108 data of blending
with clipping and 7 data of blending with overlapping. There
are 10 ways of blend formation found in this research.
share information, ideas, career interests and in New Blends in English Language (2014)
other forms of expression through holds a research to identify the new blends in
communities and network. Nowadays most of English. The research shows that most of the
the society know and use a social media such blends are made by clipping and overlapping.
as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Klaudia Bednarova-Gibova (2014) in Some
Whatsapp in their life. Many people are Insight into Portmanteau Words in Current
bound to social media. They start and end Fashion Magazines (2014) has a research
their days with social media. analysing the vogue words found in ELLE
Fashion Magazine 2013. The results show
Social media has very important roles in the that there are two kinds of blends used namely
society. It is used to socialize with no fused blends and telescoped blends. Paul
boundaries. Social media enables people to Cook in Using Social Media to find English
talk without meeting each other. It even can Lexical Blends presents a method for
reunite the long lost friends, since some social identifying English Lexical Blends from
media like Facebook has searching friend social media, specially Twitter. The research
feature just by typing their names. Social shows that 57% of 976 candidate lexical
media also provides entertainment for their blends found in Twitter are blends.
users, such as You Tube with its movies and
videos. The users of social media can channel Meanwhile, the research conducted by the
their interest by joining some groups having researchers here aims at describing kinds of
similar interest in social media such as English blends found in social media such as
Hobspot. Social media can give us some Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and Blackberry
knowledge because sometimes the users of Messanger. In addition this research is also
social media such as Facebook will share aimed at describing how the English blends in
some article dealing with religion, health, social media such as Instagram, Twitter,
education, etc. Even now social media can be Facebook, and Blackberry are formed. So far
used for trading through online shop such as the previous researches only show on types of
Ebay and Shopee. blending. The previous researches have not
discussed further on the process of how the
Despite of the roles, the society must be wise blends are formed.
and careful in using the social media. It can
give bad effects too, such as being addicted to This research focuses on describing English
it, the rising of cyber crime, etc. Regardless blends used in social media and the studying
the positive and negative effects of social of blending types used in social media such as
media, there is something interesting with the Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and
booming of it, especially in linguistic field. Blackberry. In addition, this research also
Unconsciously, social media contribute in the describes the blend formations found in those
appearance of many new words or social media. This article is the outcome of a
vocabularies. Most of them are English such research belonging to Penelitian Dosen
as netizen, trentop, delcon, etc. Those new Pemula (PDP) that is fund by Direktorat Riset
words are actually from two words that are dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Direktorat
combined into one new word such as Netizen Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan
(Internet + Citizen), Trentop (Trending + Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan
Topic), Delcon (Delete + Contact). The Pendidikan Tinggi sesuai dengan Kontrak
mixing process of two words to form a new Tahun Anggaran 2017.
word is known as blending in Morphology.
There are still many blends used in social Blending at Glance
media that seem interesting to be analyzed. Blending actually is not a new thing in the
There are many researches discussing society. Some years ago there was Indonesian
blending. Naghmenh Mirzaie Hosseinzadeh TV news that presented about a new concept
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of outdoor vacation called glamping. (donis= donut + brownies,) social media such
Glamping is a camping provided with as (netizen = internet + citizen).
luxurious facilities just like those in seven star
hotels. Glamping is from Glamour + Definition of Blending
Camping. In Solo, the researchers’ Broadly, blending can be defined as
hometown, there is a special place to hang out combining two clipped words. Kvetko in
for having meal especially in the night time Bednarova (2014) defines blending as a word
named Wedangan or HIK or Angkringan. formation process similar to shortening
Wedangan usually sells typical traditional combined with merging two different words.
food and beverages from Solo. It is usually In addition, Play (2013; 123) mentions that
situated at the side of the street and usually blending is the results of two clipped words
opens at evening. Previously wedangan has a that are blended together. Furthermore, a
traditional sense. However, nowadays, there blend may be defined as a new lexeme formed
is a new concept of Wedangan which is from parts of two (or possibly more) other
getting popular in Solo. It is called words in such a way that there is no
Cafedangan which is derived from Café + transparent analysis into morph (Baeur;
Wedangan. Around 2016, there was a popular 1983;234). Blends is a new word that is
English blend due to the withdrawal of United derived from two source words or splinters
Kingdom from European Union called Brexit that at least one of them is shortened before
coming form Britain + Exit. being blended such as digital + camera
(digicam), social + media (sosmed),
Glamping, Cafedangan, Brexit are classified information + entertainment (infotainment).
into blends because those words are actually
derived from two words that are mixed or Alego in Hossenzadeh (2014; 18) mentions
blended to form new words. Long before the term blending refers to the combination of
those all words are introduced, there have two forms where at least one has been
been some blends such as brunch, motel, sea shortened. The shortening can be by simple
lab. The word brunch was first recorded in omission of a part of a word or it can be a
English in 1896. So Blending is not a new result of overlapping sounds or letter. Based
phenomenon in English. It shows that on the given definition, blends can be created
blending is productive in word formation until by omitting a part of source words (splinters)
this time. However today’s blends are more such as Spanish + English (Spanglish), Fan +
creative in ideas and forms. Magazine (Fanzine), situational + comedy
(sitcom) or by overlapping sound and letter
There are other terms that are similar to such as motor + hotel (motel), slang +
blending such as lexical amalgamation, language (slanguage) cartoon + tune
telescoping, merging, fusing, and (cartune) before they are combined into a new
portmanteau. Blending is a very productive form.
source of words in modern English, in both
literary and scientific context (Bauer,1983 Grice states that blending involves the
;236). Today, in English lexicon, a large coinage of new lexemes by fusing parts of at
number of blends can be found which are no least two other source words of which either
longer recognized as such since they have one is shortened in the fusion and / or where
been everyday use for quite along time there is some form of phonemic and
(Katamba, 1994; 184). Blending gives much graphemic overlap of the source words (2004;
contribution to the development of English 639). The process of blending creates a new
word. Now blends can be found in many lexeme by fusing some parts of the splinters
fields such as fashion (jeggings = jeans + (source words) that have been shortened.
leggings, hijack = hijab + jacket), meal Besides, blending can also involve
overlapping of phonemic and graphemic of
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the splinters. These overlapping blending may different patterns that can be used to form
result a beautiful and unique blends such as blending with clipping;
cartoon + tune (cartune), sin + cinema a) Keeping the whole parts of the
(sinema). first splinter and the last part of the
second splinter such as Fanzine
Yule says blending similar to compounding (Fan + Magazine), Foodoholic
also involves the combination of two separate (Food + Alchoholic)
forms to produce a single new term. However, b) Keeping the whole second splinter
blending is typically accomplished by taking and only keeping the first part of
the beginning of one word and joining it to the the first splinter such as Eurasia
end of the other word (2006; 53-59). Blending (Europe + Asia)
is similar to compounding since those two c) Keeping the first part of the first
word formations deal with combining two splinter and the last parts of the
source words to create a new word. The second splinter such as brunch
difference is blending involves the process of (breakfast + lunch), smog (smoke
shortening or clipping the source words + fog)
before they are blended. Besides, the result of d) Combining the first part of both
blending cannot be seen from the source splinters such as agiprop (agitation
words combined. + Propaganda)
3) Clipping at morpheme boundaries
To sum up, blending is one way to create a This kind of blending is created by simple
new lexeme involving the process of mixing clipping. It is usually done by shortening
or blending of two shortened forms. The or clipping at morpheme boundaries such
process of shortening can be done by clipping as Oxbridge (Oxford + Cambridge)
the part of the source words or splinters or by
overlapping the splinter in the form of 4) Blending with clipping and overlapping
phonemic or graphemic. The result of There are blends that can be created by
blending is totally new word and is sometimes both clipping and overlapping. It happens
known as a hybrid word (Katamba). due to the clipping of the splinter to share
a syllable before they are combined.
Types of Blending
Blending is usually classified based on the Kremmer (2006;2-6) gives some explanation
process of its formation. Enarsson (2006;4-7) dealing with the type of blending based on its
classifies blending as; characteristics, such as:
1) Blending with overlapping 1) Intercalative Blends
The most common overlapping blends These blends occurs in which the two
occur when the final part of the first words involved in the blends are so
splinters overlaps the first part of the tightly integrated in the blended word
second splinters. The overlapping can that the sounds of one source lexemes are
happen in one or several phonemes such interspersed between the sounds of the
as slanguage (slang+language), sexpert other (Kremmer, 2006;3). The examples
(sex+expert), playbore (playboy+bore), of intercalative blends are;
cartune (cartoon + tune), sinema (sin
+cinema), cellebrity (cell + celebrity)
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b) Clipping the second splinter. the data are found in Twitter. Most of the
There are 21 data belonging to this group blends are created by using two first letter of
as mentioned in table 7; Twitter i.e. TW that is blended with the
second splinter started with the letter W.
Tabel 7. Blending with second splinter clipped Those two splinters share the same letter W so
No First Second Blending Words it causes overlapping in the process of
Splinter Splinter blending. The examples of blending with
1 Video Insta- 007/Videogram/BC overlapping found are mentioned in table 9.
gram
2 Cat In- 011/Catstagram/BC Tabel 9. Blending with Overlapping
stagram
3 Iphone Photo- 047/iphonegraphy/B N Blending Splinters Process of
graphy C o Words First Second overlapping
5 Crack Black- 066/crackberry/BC 1 068/Rep Reporter Twitt ReporT+
berry ortwitter/ er Twitter
6 Twitter Inter- 079/Twitterject/BC BO
ject 2 075/Twet Twit-ter Tard TwiTter +
7 Twitter Atti- 088/Twittertude/BC ard/BO Tard
tude 3 074/Twai Twitter Waiti TW +
ting/BO ng Waiting
This type of blending occurs when the
second splinters are clipped and the first 075/Twetard/BO is created from Twitter +
splinters are kept full. Tard. The first splinter is only taken on the
first syllable (TwiT) and directly combined
c) Clipping both splinters. with the whole second splinter that started
This type of blending occurs when both with letter T. This process causes overlapping
splinters are clipped. There are 28 data of in the process of blending. Another example
blends including to this group as is 074/Twaiting/BO. The blends is created
meentioned in table 8. from Twitter and Waiting. Twitter is taken on
the the two front letter (TW) that is directly
Tabel 8. Blending with both splinters clipped blended with the whole second splinter
First Second Blending Words (waiting) that is started with the letter W. This
No Splinter Splinter blending causes overlapping.
1 Stat-us Insta- 057/statigram/B
gram C
The Formation of Blends Found in Social
2 Del-ete Cont-act 062/delcont/BC
3 Twitt-er Atm- 082/Twittospher Media
osphere e/BC The formation of blends discusses how the
4 Twitt-er Net- 083/Twitworkin blends are formed. It deals with how the
working g/BC splinters are clipped in forming the blends.
5 Twitt-er Pic-ture 090/Twitpic/BC Based on the analysis, the researchers found
6 Twi-tter De- 101/Tweelicious
that the formation of blends can be classified
licious /BC
into 10 groups;
a) The two syllables from the front of the
Blending with Overlapping
first splinter + The whole part of the
Blending with overlapping can occurs when
second splinter. The researchers found 41
both splinters share the common thing in
data belonging to this group which
sounds (phonemes) or letters. There are 8 data
mention in the table 10.
dealing with blending with overlapping. All
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001/Instalike/BC is from Insta + Like. word Architecture which has four syllables,
Instagram has three syllables In-sta-gram. Ar-chi-tec-ture. After that it is blended with
Insta is taken from two syllables from the the whole part of the second splinter.
front of it. Then it is blended with the whole
part of the second splinter. b) Two syllables from the front of the first
splinter + the last syllable of the second
019/Archidaily/BC is from Archi + Daily. splinter. There is only 1 data dealing with
Archi is taken from the two syllables of the this group, it is mentioned in table 11.
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h) The first syllable from the front of the are 5 data dealing with this process.
first splinter + two last syllables from They can be seen in table 17.
the back of the second splinter. There
Tabel 17. Blends Formation 8
No First Splinter Second Splinter Process of Blending Blending Words
069/Twactor/BC is derived from twitter combining Tw-itter (two first letter of the
+ Actor. Twactor is someone who acts to first splinter) that is blended with
be someone else in Twitter. Twactor is Walking (the whole parts of the second
created from (Tw)-itter + Actor. The first splinter)
splinter is clipped on its two first letter
then combined with the whole part of the j) The first syllable of the first splinter +
second splinter. The whole part of the second splinter.
There are 6 data dealing with this
093/Twalking/Bo is derived from Twitter process of blended word formation as
+ Walking. It means using Twitter while reflected in table 19.
walking. Twalking is created by
Tabel 19. Blends Formation 10
No First Splinter Second Splinter Process of Blending Blending Words
1 Missing Tweet Mis + Tweet 067/MistweetBC
2 Twitter Tard Twit + Tard 075/Twetard/BO
3 Twitter Buy Twi + Buy 086/Twebay/BC
4 Twitter Icon Twit + Icon 103/Twiticon/BC
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REFERENCES
Bednarova, Klaudia. Gibova, 2014, Some Insights into Portmanteau Words in Current Fashion
Magazine.
Enarrson, Anna. 2006. New Blends in the English Language, Karlstads Universitet
Gries, Stefan TH, 2004, Shouldn’t It Be Breakfunch? A Qualitative Analysis of Blend Structure
in English.
Hosseinzadeh, Naghmeh Mirzaie, 2014, New Blends in English Language. International
Journal of English Language and Linguistics Research, Vol.2 No.2 pp 15-26.
Katamba, Francis. 2005, English Words, New York: Routledge
Kemmer, Suzanne.2006, Schemas and Lexical Blends, Applied and Interdisciplinary Papers,
Universitat Duisburg-Essen
Yule, George.2006, The Study of Language, New York: Cambridge University Press
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