FISIKA 1A

KINEMATICS
(DISTANCE, DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY, SPEED,
ACCELERATION)

School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University

1
 MECHANICS
 Mechanics are consisted of kinematics and dynamics.
 Kinematics = How an object moves.
 Dynamics = Why an object moves

DISTANCE AND DISPLACEMENT

 Distance = the length of path  Displacement = The change of an
by an object. object position
 Distance = SCALAR scale.  Displacement = VECTOR scale.

 Aliet walks 4 m to east direction, then turn to north, of

about 3 m. Determine: 3m
a) Distance that taken by Aliet
b) Displacement that experienced by Aliet 4m

5m Distance = 4 m + 3 m = 7 m
3m
Displacement = 5 m, to north-east
4m
2
 EXERCISE
 Aliet walks 4 m to
east direction, then
turn to north for 3 m.
3m
Determine:
a) Distance that 4m
experienced by Aliet
b) Displacement that
experienced by Aliet
5m
3m
4m
Distance = 4 m + 3 m = 7 m
Displacement = 5 m, to north-east
 A car moves to east direction of about
500 m, continued to the west of about
100 m. Determine the displacement
and distance that experienced by the
car!
 Husneni walks of about 5 m to east,
then 6 m to south, continued 3 m to
east. Determine the displacement and
distance that experienced by the
lecturer!
 Nuy walks to north of about 50 m, then
to east 100 m, continued to south 50
m. Determine the displacement and
distance that experienced by Nuy!
3
 VELOCITY AND SPEED
 Speed = The change of position  Velocity = The change of
as time function. distance on time function.
 Speed = VECTOR scale.  Velocity = SCALAR scale.
∆𝑥 (total distance)
∆𝑥 (amount of displacement) 𝑣=
𝑣= ∆𝑡 (total time)
∆𝑡 (total time)

 Car moves to east of about 20 m for 25 s, continued to the west of about 10 m

for 15 s. Determine the speed and velocity that experienced by the car?

Distance = 20 m + 10 m = 30 m
Displacement = 10 m, to east direction
30 𝑚
𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = 0.75 m/s
(25 𝑠 + 15 𝑠)
10 𝑚
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = = 0.25 m/s, to east
(25 𝑠 + 15 𝑠)

4
 EXAMPLE AND EXERCISE
 An object moves with position  Position vector a particle is:
vector as follows:
𝑟 = (−4𝑡 2 + 10)𝑖 + (3𝑡 2 − 10)𝑗 𝑟(𝑡) = (4𝑡 − 2)𝑖 + (2𝑡 2 + 1)𝑗

r (meter) and t (second).  Determine the position vector when

Determine the velocity and t = 0 s and 2 s!
speed, when t = 2 s!  Determine the velocity and speed
of the object, when t = 10 s!
 And object has position vector as
𝑑𝑟 follows:
(t = t) 𝑣= = (−8𝑡)𝑖 + (6𝑡)𝑗
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑟 𝑟 = (−𝑡 2 + 2)𝑖 + (4𝑡 2 )𝑗
(t = 2 s) 𝑣 = = (−8.2)𝑖 + (6.2)𝑗
𝑑𝑡 r (meter) and t (second).
𝑑𝑟 a. Determine the position vector of
𝑣= = −16𝑖 + 12𝑗 the object, when t = 2 s and t = 10 s
𝑑𝑡
b. Determine the velocity and speed
𝑣= (−16)2 +122 = 20 m/s of the object, when t = 5 s

5
 AVERAGE VELOCITY AND MOMENT
VELOCITY
 Average velocity = Displacement per 𝛥𝑟
needed time. 𝑣=
𝛥𝑡
 Moment velocity = Velocity of an object 𝑑𝑟
at t time. 𝑣=
𝑑𝑡

 If position vector of a particle is: 𝑟 𝑡 = 2𝑡 + 1 𝑖 + (𝑡 2 +1)𝑗

How much the average velocity of the particle from t = 0 to t = 4 s?
How much the velocity at t = 2 s?
𝑟(0) = 𝑖 + 𝑗 Average velocity of the particle
𝑟(4) = 9𝑖 + 17𝑗 𝛥𝑟 (9𝑖 + 17𝑗) − (𝑖 + 𝑗) 𝑣 = 2 𝑖 + 4𝑗
𝑣= =
𝛥𝑡 4−0
Moment velocity, at t = 2 s
𝑑𝑟(𝑡) 𝑣(𝑡) = 2𝑖 + 2𝑡𝑗 (Derivation from r(t))
𝑣(𝑡) =
𝑑𝑡 𝑣(2) = 2𝑖 + 4𝑗
6
 EXAMPLE
 If the vector position of a particle: 𝑟(𝑡) = (4𝑡 − 2)𝑖 + (2𝑡 2 + 1)𝑗
What is the average velocity of the particle when t = 0 till t = 2 s?

When t = 0 𝑟(0) = (4.0 − 2)𝑖 + (2.02 + 1)𝑗 𝑟(0) = −2𝑖 + 1𝑗

When t = 2 𝑟(2) = (4.2 − 2)𝑖 + (2.22 + 1)𝑗 𝑟(2) = 6𝑖 + 9𝑗
Average velocity of the particle Average speed of the particle
𝛥𝑟 (6𝑖 + 9𝑗) − (−2𝑖 + 1𝑗)
𝑣= = 𝑣 = 4𝑖 + 4 𝑗 |𝑣| = 42 + 42 = 4 2
𝛥𝑡 2−0

 If 𝑣(𝑡) = (2𝑡 − 10)𝑖 + 6𝑗

Determine the vector position during t = 1 s till t = 2 s!
𝑑𝑥 For x = 1
𝑣= = (2𝑡 − 10)𝑖 + 6𝑗
𝑑𝑡 𝑥(1) = (12 − 10.1)𝑖 + (6.1)𝑗 𝑥 = −9𝑖 + 6𝑗

𝑥= (2𝑡 − 10)𝑖 + 6𝑗]𝑑𝑡 For x = 2

𝑥(𝑡) = (𝑡 2 − 10𝑡)𝑖 + (6𝑡)𝑗 𝑥(2) = (22 − 10.2)𝑖 + (6.2)𝑗 𝑥 = −16𝑖 + 12𝑗

𝛥𝑥 = 𝑥(2) − 𝑥(1) = −7𝑖 + 6𝑗

7
 AVERAGE ACCELERATION AND MOMENT
ACCELERATION  If the velocity of a particle is:
𝑣(𝑡) = 2𝑖 + 2𝑡𝑗
 When the velocity of an object is • Average acceleration of the
changed, then the object experiences particle from t = 0 until t = 4 s?
ACCELERATION. • Acceleration when t = 2 s?
 Acceleration = 0 (zero), no velocity is
changed. 𝑣(0) = 2𝑖 + (2.0)𝑗 = 2𝑖
 Unit of acceleration is m/s2.
𝑣(4) = 2𝑖 + (2.4)𝑗 = 2𝑖 + 8𝑗
𝛥𝑣
𝑎(𝑡) = Average acceleration of the particle
𝛥𝑡
𝛥𝑣 (2𝑖 + 8𝑗) − (2𝑖)
 Moment acceleration = derivation of 𝑎= =
velocity 𝛥𝑡 4−0
𝑑𝑣(𝑡) Moment acceleration, when t = 2 s
𝑎(𝑡) =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑣(𝑡)
𝑎(𝑡) =
𝑑𝑡
𝑎(𝑡) = 2𝑗
𝑎(2) = 2𝑗
8
 EXERCISE
 If vector position of a particle: 𝑟(𝑡) = (8𝑡 − 4)𝑖 + (−3𝑡 2 + 6𝑡)𝑗
Average velocity from t = 1 until t = 5 s?
Average acceleration from t = 0 until t = 4 s?

 If vector position of a particle: 𝑟(𝑡) = (2𝑡 − 1)𝑖 + (−𝑡 2 + 2𝑡)𝑗

How much average velocity of the particle from t = 0 to t = 4 s?
How much the velocity at t = 2 s?
How much the average acceleration of the particle from t = 0 to t = 4 s?
How much the acceleration at t = 2 s?

 If 𝑎 𝑡 = −2𝑖 + 4𝑗
Determine the vector position from t = 1 s to t = 5 s!

 If 𝑣 𝑡 = −2𝑡𝑖 + 8𝑗
Determine the vector position from t = 0 s to t = 3 s!
9
 v (m/s) EXAMPLE Velocity profile of an object as time
function is seen on beside graph.
20 a. Draw the graph of a(t) from t = 0
to t = 35 s
b. How much the length of path
taken by the object during t = 0
until t = 30 s?
5 30 35 t (s)

(TIME) (VELOCITY FUNCTION) (ACCELERATION)

𝑑𝑣(𝑡)
0<t<5 𝑣(𝑡) = 4𝑡 𝑎(𝑡) = =4
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣(𝑡)
5 < t < 30 𝑣(𝑡) = 20 𝑎(𝑡) = =0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣(𝑡)
30 < t < 35 𝑣 𝑡 = −4𝑡 + 140 𝑎 𝑡 = = −4
𝑑𝑡

a (m/s2) b. Length of path = Area of the trapezoidal

4 (Please calculate it by yourself)

t (s)
5 30 35
-4
10
 LATIHAN
v (m/s) Velocity profile of an object as time
function is seen on beside graph.
20 a. Draw the graph of a(t) from t = 0
to t = 40 s
10 b. How much the length of path
taken by the object during t = 0
until t = 40 s?
10 20 25 35 40 t (s)
v (m/s) Velocity profile of an object as time
function is seen on beside graph.
20 a. Draw the graph of a(t) from t = 0
to t = 40 s
10 b. How much the length of path
taken by the object during t = 0
until t = 40 s?
10 25 35 40 t (s)

11
 REMINDER

Syarat mengikuti UAS:

“PRESENSI MINIMAL 75%”

SAKIT ≠ HADIR
IZIN ≠ HADIR
DISPENSASI = HADIR

12