The subject

It is usually a noun, a pronoun or a phrase with a noun. It tells us who is doing the action and it
usually comes before the verb.

Examples:

Jhon has a gift - the subject is a noun

He has a gift – the subject is a pronoun - ( I -HE - SHE -IT -WE -THEY - YOU)

The tall boy has a gift – the subject is a phrase with a noun

The tall boy with black hair has a gift – the prepositional phrase with black hair is part of the whole
subject, it comes after the noun.

The verb tells us the action of the subject. Some verbs are one Word, but some verbs are more
than one Word.

Examples:

Mary takes a gift – PRESENT

Mary is taking a gift – PRESENT CONTINUOUS – or - PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

Mary is going to take a gift – FUTURO

Mary will take a gift – FUTURO

Mary has taken a gift – PRESENT PERFECT

Sentence order

SUBJET VERB OBJECT

The verb does the action, the subject tells us who is doing the action, and the object object
answers the question what?

Everyone locks the doors.

S VB OBJ.

Older people give gifts of Money.

The complement

Some verbs are linking verbs: become, be, seem, and feel. These verbs may be followed by a
noun, noun phrase or adjective.
They are special friends.

It is quiet

CAPITALIZATION RULES

Capitalize names of nationalities, races, languages and religions.

American Chinese Catholic Italian

Asian Moslem Arab Hispanic

Capitalize names of special days.

New Year´s Day Independence Day

Christmas Halloween

EXERCISE 1

Underline the subject , verb and complement or complements in these sentences.

1. People close the shops.

2. The streets are empty.
3. The older people give envelopes.
4. The Chinese New Year is important.
5. Our family prepares special food.
6. People wear their best clothes.
7. Many people visit neighbors.
8. Relatives bring many gifts.

EXERCISE 2

Change the small letters to capital letters where necessary.

1. We do not have classes during christmas and easter vacation.

2. On new year´s day w estay at home.
3. The american woman celebrated chinese new year with us.
4. In our class we have students who are buddhist, moslem, Christian, and jewish.
5. For us new year´s day is more important than christmas.
6. All over the united states on july f americans celebrate independece day.

ADJECTIVES

Words that describe nouns. They usually answer the question what kind?

There is a big sign on the landmark.

The sign is a famous landmark.

Adjectives come before nouns; There are big letters.

Not all famous movie stars live in Holliwood.

Adjectives come also after the verb BE: Hollywood is famous.

EXERCISE 3

Underline the adjectives in the sentences.

1. Hollywood is a special city in Los Angeles.

2. You can see the White letters from fay away.
3. That sigh is a famous landmark.
4. The Hollywood Bowl is an open air theater.
5. The University has a special teaching.
6. Pets are cute.
7. Women like colorful flowers.
8. Class has interesting moments.

ADJECTIVES: these words describe nouns and they usually answer the question What kind?

There is a big sign on the hills.

Adj. Noun

Adjectives are the same form if you use them with a singular noun or a plural noun.

There are big letters

Adj. Plural noun

Adjective come before nouns.

Not all famous movie stars live in Hollywood.

Adj. Noun

They also come after the verb ¨to be¨.

Hollywood is famous.
My sister is special.
Your are smart.

Exercise

Underline the adjective in these sentences.

1. Medellin is a special city in Colombia

2. You can see the huge mountains from your house.

 3. The University has a special auditorium.
Put the words in the correct order

1. The - White - are - cars

2. Cartagena - a – famous - is - city

3. Michael - was - Jackson – Singer- an - important

4. Postcards – landmark- show - the – beautiful

5. like near to sit People the Fountain.

Answer the following questions. Complete answers.

1. Describe a city that is special for you. Use adjectives

________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________ ___

________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

1. Where is this city?

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Name one thing this city has that is special. Describe it using adjectives.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

THE COMPARATIVE OF ADJECTIVES

It is used to compare two different things. Add __er to the adjective and put than after the
adjective.

México is smaller than The United States.

Mexico population is bigger than the population of Tokyo.

Note: if the adjective ends in one consonant and there is one vowel before it, doublé the
consonant. Big – bigger; hot – hotter.

If the adjective ends in _y = change the Y to i and add __ er. Then put than after the adjective=
happy – happier; easy – easier.

When the adjective has two syllables or more, put more in front of the adjective and than after
the adjective.

France is more expensive than Mexico.

Tokyo is more crowded than Paris.

Give the number of syllables in each adjective. Then write the comparative form.

Adjective Syllables Comparative form

Beautiful ____ __________________________________________________

Wet ____ __________________________________________________

Dry ____ __________________________________________________

Expensive ____ __________________________________________________

Old ____ __________________________________________________

Dangerous ____ __________________________________________________

High ____ __________________________________________________

Large ____ __________________________________________________

Important ____ __________________________________________________

Hot ____ __________________________________________________

Easy ____ __________________________________________________

Famous ____ __________________________________________________

Careful ____ ___________________________________________________

Interesting ____ ___________________________________________________

Tall ____ ___________________________________________________

Cold ____ ___________________________________________________

Complete each sentence with the comparative form of the adjectives in parentheses.

1. The Pacific Ocean is (large) than the Atlantic Ocean.

________________________________________________________________________________

2. The Nile River is (long) the Missippi.

________________________________________________________________________________

3. The Taj Mahal is (beautiful) the Sears Tower.

________________________________________________________________________________

4. Paris is (expensive) Bogotá.

________________________________________________________________________________

5. People from Buenaventura are (happy).

________________________________________________________________________________

THE SUPERLATIVE OF ADJECTIVES – this is used to compare more than two things. To form the
superlative add __est to the end of the adjective.

Bogotá is the largest city of Colombia.

Bogotá is the highest capital city.

When the adjective has two syllables or more, add the most in front of the adjective.

Mexico is the most crowded city in the world.

Cali is the most popular city in Colombia.

Answer:

1. Which is the more dangerous place in Cali?

2. Which is the largest city in your country?

Complete each sentence with the superlative form of the adjective in parentheses.

1. Buenaventura is the (big) town in the Pacific región.

________________________________________________________________________________
2. Mount Everest is (high) mountain in the world.

_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Cartagena is (popular) city in Colombia for tourists.

________________________________________________________________________________

PREPOSITIONS

Prepositions always have an object. It can be a noun or a pronoun.

Your eat with your fingers

People cut the fish with a saw.

Your friend comes from Armenia.

Exercise

Find the prepositions in these sentences

1. The host takes you to the living room.

2. You wash your hands with soap.
3. At this time, everyone does the test.
4. The food is on the table.
5. Most dishes in Ladrilleros have coconut.
6. Most people eat from the same dish.

Complete the sentences with the correct preposition.

1. My mother puts all the food ___________ the table.

2. We have dinner _______ seven in the evening.

3. It is not polite to eat ___________ fingers.

4. In New York, sometimes temperature drops ______________ zero.

5. I don´t have any coin ______ pocket.

6. BAncolombia is ________ ________ park.

7. Unipacifico is located _________ Zacarias twon.

8. Cathedral church is ___________ the Justice palace.