where is power received at some distance is power received at some distance

, and is called path loss exponent.

The SIR is given by

P1 is the desired signal power from

desired base station
Pj is the interference power caused by Jth
interfering co-channel cell base station.
Now if all of the mobile units have the
same parameters and the environment is
uniform in all directions, then

2 = 3 = = 7
 Let i be the distance between the th interferer and the mobile.
The received interference, i, at a given mobile due to th interfering
cell is proportional to ( i)-
-loss exponent and depends upon the terrain
environment and 2 5.
The received signal power, is proportional to - where is the distance
between the mobile and serving base stations.
The at the desired mobile receiver is

CCI from the second and other higher tiers is

neglected, this means that i = 6
and using ( i) D for = 1, 2, , i, we have
 Suppose, as in the AMPS system, that a SIR of 18 dB is required. The path-
4.0. Considering only the nearest CCI sources, find the
minimum cluster size.
What will be the cluster size of the GSM system in which a of 12 dB is
required?
Solution
SIR (dB) = 18 dB which implies signal to interference = 63.1.

= 6.49 7.

Consider a cellular system with 395 total allocated voice channel frequencies.
Calculate the mean C/I for cell reuse factor equal to 4, 7, and 12. Assume
omnidirectional antennas with six interferers in the first tier and a slope for path
loss of 40 dB/decade = 4).
Solution
For a reuse factor q = 4, the number of voice channels per cell site = 395/4 =
99.
then mean C/I for N = 4 is

C/I = 24(13.8 dB)

Similarly,
For N = 7
C/I = 18.7 dB
And for N = 12
C/I = 23.3 dB

The base station transmitter antenna in a cell site radiates a +10 dBm RF
signal and is connected using an RF coaxial cable that induces a 3 dB loss.
The cable has two connectors at its either end that induce a loss of 2 dB
each. What is the signal level at the input of the antenna system?
 When the mobile unit receives the weakest
signal from its own cell site but strong
interferences from interfering cell sites, it is
considered to be the worst-case scenario. Let
us re-examine the seven-cell reuse pattern and
consider the worst case in which the mobile
unit is located at the cell boundary.

Using = and the path- 4,

We see that there are 6 first tier co channel cells that are all at equal distance(D)from
the central red cell .
The second tier co channel cells are not all at equal distance from the central red cell.
6 that are located at distance 2 from the central cell
6 other cells that are at distance 1.73 from the central cell

For values of = 2 , this ratio is equal to 0.584124

For values of = 2.5 , this ratio is equal to 0.430807
For values of = 3, this ratio is equal to 0.318135
For values of = 3.5, this ratio is equal to 0.235226
For values of = 4 , this ratio is equal to 0.174139
 Determine the signal-to-co-channel interference ratio C/I at the mobile
receiver located at the boundary of its omnidirectional operating cell, under
the influence of interfering signals from six co-channel interfering cells in
the first tier in a cellular system designed with
= 7,
= 9,
= 12.
Assume the path-loss exponent is 4. What would be the correct choice of
for a system requiring =18 dB?

To determine the at the mobile receiver for =7

To determine frequency reuse ratio,
We know that: = (3 , For = 7, = (21)1/2 = 4.6
To determine the in the worst-case analysis. In an omnidirectional
antenna design of a cellular system based on regular hexagonal pattern, the
worst case , under the influence of interfering signals from six co-
channel interfering cells in the first tier, is given by:
 On substituting = 4.6 4, we get

(ratio) in decibels can be computed as

We know that (dB) = 10 log10 (ratio)
Or, (dB) = 10 log 54 (dB) = 17 dB
Determine the at the mobile receiver for =9
To determine frequency reuse ratio, = 5.2
= 95
in dB = 10 log 84.5 = 19.7 dB

Determine the at the mobile receiver for = 12

q=6 4 so C/I = 179.3= 22.5 dB

Required value of = 18 dB (given)

From the above results, = 17 dB for = 7, which is lower than the desired
value of = 18 dB. So the system design for = 7 is imperfect.
It is observed that the values of are 19.2 and 22.5 dB for = 9 and for =
12, respectively,
which are higher than the desired value of = 18 dB.
Therefore, in an omnidirectional cellular system, = 9 or = 12 cell patterns
would be a correct choice.