TIMELINE OF JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL y ALONZO REALONDA

1861 (June 16) named *Wednesday, moonlit

after San Jose *Calamba, Laguna
(June 22) *Baptismal Day (Fr. Rufino Collantes)
Influences: *Francisco Mercado and Teodora
Birth, Ancestry, 1. Hereditary Alonzo
Childhood 2. Environmental *Children: SPNOLMJCJTS
(1861 – 1869) 3. Aid of Divine *Rizal “a field of wheat”
Providence *Principalia(private library and a
carriage)
*“Spare the rod and spoil the child.”
*Death of Concha: Rizal’s First Sorrow
*The Story of the Moth
June 1869 – *Biñan: Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz
December 1872 *Painting lessons: Juancho (father-in-
law)
· Cavite Mutiny (January 20, 1870)
· Execution of GOMBURZA (Feb. 17,
1872)
· Injustice to his mother
June 10, 1872 – 1877 *Entrance exam: Colegio San Juan de
Ateneo Municipal Letran
(ADMU) *Jesuit education: rigid and discipline
Formal Search
*Prophecy of Mother’s release
for Knowledge
*Interests in reading:
· Universal History by Cesar Cantús
4 R’s: Reading,
· Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander
Writing,
Dumas
Arithmetic, and
*Best Professor: Fr. Francisco Paula de
Religion
Sanchez
*Extra-Curricular:
1st Teacher:
· Secretary of Marian Congregation
Rizal’s Mother
· member of Academy of Spanish
Literature and of Natural Sciences
*Sculptural works:
· Image of Virgin Mary (batikuling)
· Image of Sacred Heart of Jesus (Fr.
Lleonart)
*Poems:
· Mi Primera Inspiracion
· other religious poems and about
education
 *First Romance: Batanguena Segunda
Katigbak (14 yr. old)
Medical Studies at *Philosophy and Letters and
UST Medicine
April 1877 – 1882 *Finished Surveying (Perito
Agrimensor):1881
*Romances with other girls:
· “Miss L”,
· Leonor “Orang” Valenzuela
· Leonor “Taimis” Rivera
*Victim of Spanish brutality
*Liceo Artistico-Literario:
· A la Juventud Filipina (1879)
· El Consejo de los Dioses (1880)
· Compañerismo: (Companions of
Jehu)
March 1882 – June
FIRST TRAVEL ABROAD
1887

July 3, 1887 – July Djemnah: Marseilles to Saigon

30, 1887
August 5, 1887 Haiphong: Manila
August 8, 1887 *Established a medical clinic “Dr.
1. To operate Uliman” – Php 5,000
on his mother’s *Could not perform surgical
eyes operation
2. To serve his *Encouraged townmates in
people who has gymnastics, fencing, and shooting
First long been *Bodyguard: Lt. Jose Taviel de
Homecoming oppressed by Andrade
(1887 – Spanish tyrants *Attackers of Noli: Fr. Salvador Font
1888) 3. To find out for and Fr. Jose Rodriguez
himself how Noli *Death of his sister Olimpia
and his other *Calamba’s Agrarian Problem (Friar
writings were Hacienda 1883)
affecting the *Wrote poem “Himno al Trabajo”
Filipinos and
Spaniards in the
Philippines
4. To inquire why
Leonor Rivera
remained silent
 February 1886 –
SECOND TRAVEL ABROAD
June 1892
“The battlefield is *With Lucia returned to Manila
in the Philippines” (Noon) and met Gov. Despujol
June 26, 1892 – *Visited his friends
June 28, 1892
July 3, 1892 *Founding of La Liga Filipina (KKK
Second and Cuerpo de Comprimisarios)
Homecoming Motto: Unus Instar Omnium (One
(1892) Like All)
July 6, 1892 Arrested and jailed in Fort Santiago
: Pobres Frailes
July 15, 1892 – July Cebu steamer for deportation in
17, 1892 (12:30 Dapitan
AM)
July 17, 1892 – *Befriend Capt. Ricardo Carnicero
1896 *Wins in Manila Lottery: 9736 (Sept.
Jurisdiction of 21, 1892): Carcinero, Rizal and
Jesuits Francisco Equilia of Dipolog
2nd price Php 20,00
Php 6,000 share (2,000 to his father
and 200 to Basa and purchased 16
hectares agricultural lands along the
coast of Talisay
*Rizal-Pastells Debate in Religion
*Challenged by a Frenchman, Mr.
Juan Lardet to a duel
Exile in
*Idyllic life in Dapitan
Dapitan
*Met the Friars spy: “Pablo
(1892 –
Mercado” Florencio Namanan
1896)
(photo of Rizal and a pair of buttons
with initials P.M.)
*Artistic Works: Mother’s Revenge,
The Dapitan Girl, Josephine Bracken
*Business: Abaca and copra
*Invention: sulpukan and machine
making bricks
Wrote Mi Retiro and El Canto del
Viajero
Community Development
Projects:
1. Clinic
 2. Water system
3. Coconut Oil Lamp (500 Php)
4. Beautification of Plaza
5. Relief Map of Mindanao
6. Educator to 16 Talisay boys
(Hymn to Talisay)
July 7, 1896 Met Dr. Pio Valenzuela about KKK
July 17, 1896 Voluntary Military doctor to Cuba
July 31, 1896 Espana: Adios, Dapitan (4 years, 13
days)
August 6, 1896 – Dumaguete, Cebu, Iloilo, Capiz and
September 2, 1896 Romblon
August 30, 1896 Received 2 letters from Gov. General
Ramon Blanco for the Ministry of
Colonies and Minister of Wars
Last Trip (Duplicity)
Abroad
September 3, 1896 Last trip abroad: Isla de Panay
September 7, 1896 Singapore: urged by Manuel Camus
to stay
October 6, 1896 Arrested in Barcelona: Monjuich
and returned to Manila
November 3, 1896 Arrival in Manila (Colon) to Fort
Santiago
Evidences: 15 documents and
testimonials
Defender: Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade
Last December 13, Gov. General Camilo de Polavieja
Homecoming 1896
December 26, Cuartel de Espana, Trial of Rizal
1896
(8:00 AM)
December 28, Polavieja signs Rizal’s execution
1896
December 29, Alcohol burner (Trinidad)
1896 Retraction with Fr. Balaguer
Martyrdom in
December 30, 6:00 AM Begin Death March
Bagumbayan
1896 7:03 AM Death by firing squad
35 years, 5 months and 11 days
 TRAVELS OF RIZAL
Secret Mission:

“to observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries and commerce, and
governments and laws of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty tasks of
liberating his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny”

First Travel (1882 – 1887)

May 3, 1882 February 1, 1886 – 1887

o SS Salvadora o Germany (Strasbourg)8
o Jose Mercado o Heidelberg: “To the Flowers of Heidelberg”
May 9, 1882 o University Eye Hospital: Dr. Otto Becker
o Singapore1 o Clinics of Dr. Schultzer& Dr. Galezowski
o Djemnah o Wilhemsfeld: Pastor Ullmer
Mar 11, 1882 – May 17, 1882 o Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt(Director of Ateneo of
o Point Galle (Ceylon2) Leitmeritz, ethnologist)
o Aden3 o Leipzig: Prof. Friedrich Ratzel(historian) and Dr.
o Suez Canal4 Hans Meyer(anthropologist)
o Port Said o Dresden: Dr. Adolph Meyer (Director of
June 11, 1882 – June 12, 1882 Anthropological and Ethnological Museum)
o Naples and Marsailles5 o Member of Anthropological, Ethnological and
June 15, 1882 – June 16, 1882 Geographical Society (recommended by Dr.
o Port Bou FeoderJagor and Dr. Meyer)
o Barcelona6: “Amor Patrio”(LaongLaan), “Los March 21, 1887
Viajes” and “Revista de Madrid” o Noli me Tangere was published
May 20, 1882 o Dr. Maximo Viola
o Universidad Central de Madrid o Suspected as French spy (territorial dispute over
o Consuelo Ortiga y Perez Alsace-Lorraine)
o “They Ask Me for Verses”: Circulo-Hispano Filipino Grand Tour of Europe with Viola
June 17, 1883 – August 20, 1883 (May 11 to June 29, 1887)
o Paris7 (costliest capital in Europe) o Germany: Dresden
o Member of Mason (Acacia) o Czech: Leitmeritz, Prague9
June 24, 1884 – June 25, 1884 o Austria: Vienna, Danube River10
o Financial worries o Germany: Lintz, Salzburg, Munich, Nuremberg,
o Salute to Luna (Spoliarium) and Hidalgo’s Rheinfall
(VirgenesChristianasExpuestas al Populacho) o Switzerland: Schauffhausen, Basel, Baden, Bern,
Victory Lausanne, Geneva11
November 20, 1884 – November 22, 1884 o June 23, 1887 – parted ways
o Student demonstration for Dr. Miguel Morayta, Prof.o Italy: Turin, Milan, Venice, Florence, Rome,
of History in UCM Vatican City12
June 21, 1884
o Licentiate in Medicine
o Doctor of Medicine (did not present his thesis)
June 19, 1885
o Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
November 1885 – February 1886
o Paris: Dr. Louis de Weckert
 Second Travel (1888 – 1892)
February 3, 1888: Zafiro
February 8, 1888: Hongkong1
o Jose Ma. Basa, BalbinoMaurico and Manuel Yriarte o
o Shadowed by Jose Sainz de Varanda
February 18, 1888: Kiu-kiang
o Macao2
February 22 – April 13, 1888: Oceanic
3
o Japan
o Invited by Juan Perez Caballero to live at Spanish o
legation
o Met O-Sei-san (Seiko Usui)
April 13 – April 28, 1888:Belgic
4
o USA
o Tetcho Suehiro (“Nankai-No-Daiharan”or Storm
Over the South Sea and O-unabara or The Big
Ocean)
May 4, 1888
o San Francisco
o Nevada
o New York “big town”
May 16, 1888: City of Rome
o Liverpool, England5
May 1888 – March 1889
o Boarded at Beckett (Gertrude “Gettie”)
o Bad news:
Persecution of Filipino patriots who signed the
Anti-Friar Petition of 1888
Persecution of Calamba Tenants
Furious attacks to him by Sen. Salamanca and Vida o
in Cortes and by Pesengaños (WenceslaoRetana)
and Quiopqiap (Pablo Feced) in Spanish
newspapers, etc.
o Annotate Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de Las Islas
de Filipinas
o Met Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce (in
Spain6)
o Master Mason of La Solidaridad Assosacion (Los
Agricultores Filipinos)
o Wrote:
La Vision del Fray Rodriguez (Dimas Alang)
Letter to the Young Women of Malolos
Specimens of Tagalog folklore and Two Eastern
Fables
May 6, 1889: Universal Exposition in Paris
o Eiffel Tower
Kidlat Club, Indios Bravos, International
Association of Filipinologists
o Wrote Filipinas Dentro de Cien Años, Sobre La
Indolencia de los Filipinos, Por Telefono(D.A.)
o Project for Filipino College in Hongkong
January 28, 1890: Belgium7
Presentiment of Death
o Romance with Suzanne “Petite” Jacoby
April 1890 – February 1891: Madrid8
o Misfortunes:
Failure to get justice for his family
Death of JOMAPA
Duel with Antonio Luna and Wenceslao Retana
Infidelity of Leonor Rivera
Rival with M. del Pilar
February 1891: Biarritz9
o Stayed with the Bousteads (Nellie)
May 30, 1891: Ghent, Belgium10
o Finished El Filibusterismo
o Valentin Ventura
November 1891 – June 1892: Melbourne
o Hongkong11
o Family Reunion
o Ophthalmic Surgeon: Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques
o New Borneo Colonization Project
o La Liga Filipina constitution
Last Hongkong letters: To my Parents, Brethren
and Friends and To the Philippines
 RIZAL A-to-Z
By AmbethOcampo
(From Looking Back 5 Rizal’s Teeth, Bonifacio Bones)

Generations of college students reared on the standard textbook by Gregorio Zaide

were introduced to the so called “Rizal A to Z” that depicted the many facets of Rizal’s
personality. Students either used Zaide’s list or created their own based on their readings. A for
Agronomy, B for Businessman, C for Cartographer, M for Magician, all the way to Z for
Zoologist. A century and a half since Rizal was born, with so much material, both old and new,
we can compose many more Rizal A to Zs like the one that follows:

A ADIOS, AGUINALDO, ATENEO

Adios patria adorada, is the first line of the unsigned, untitled, valedictory poem he
wrote on a slip of paper folded neatly and hid in an alcohol burner recovered by his sisters after
his execution. The poem was copied out and reproduced, and given the title Mi Ultimo
Pensamiento and much later MiUltimo Adios. Emilio Aguinaldo declared December 30, 1898 a
day of mourning to remember Filipino heroes especially Rizal whose 2 nd death anniversary fell
on that day. Ateneo Municipal was a public secondary school in Intramuros run by the Jesuits
that later developed into the present-day Ateneo de Manila University.

B BLUMENTRITT, BURGOS, BAGUMBAYAN, BONIFACIO

Ferdinand Blumentritt is more than a street name in downtown Manila, he was Rizal’s
friend who campaigned for Philippine Independence from Spain and the United States. Jose
Burgos was one of the three priests martyred in 1872 hence GOMBURZA. His influenced was
transmitted to Rizal from his brother Paciano. Bagumbayan was the place of execution of
Gomburza and Rizal, it is now known as either Luneta because of an old feature in it the shape
of a half-moon (moon is luna in Spanish) or Rizal Park. Andres Bonifacio read Rizal’s writings
and is said to have translated the Ultimo Adios from the original Spanish to Tagalog.

C CALAMBA
Calamba, Laguna. Rizal was born in this town sometime between 11:30 to midnight on
June 19, 1861. He falls under the astrological sign Gemini but in the Chinese Zodiac he is a
Rooster.

D DAPITAN
Dapitan, Zamboangadel Norte. Place of exile, 1892-1896. The present Rizal Shrine is
part of the beach front estate Rizal acquired using winnings from the lotto.

E ELIAS
Elias is a character in Noli Me Tangereoften interpreted or depicted as Andres
Bonifacio wearing a white camisa de chino and red Kundiman pants. However, Rizal and
Bonifacio had not met by the time the Noli was published in 1887. Rizal is said to have regretted
killing Elias in the Noli.

F FAURA, FIIBUSTERISMO, FRANCISCO MERCADO

Federico Faurawas one of Rizal’s teachers who is acknowledged as the founder of the
Manila Observatory and inventor of the Faura barometer that provided warning on
typhoons. El Filibusterismo, the second of Rizal’s books, it was published in Ghent in 1891, the
sequel to the Noli Me Tangere. Francisco Mercado is Rizal’s father overshadowed in our
textbooks by his wife Teodora Alonzo.

G GERTRUDE
Gertrude Beckett was the daughter of Rizal’s landlord in London. In her letters to Rizal
she signed herself “Gettie” and referred to Rizal as “Pettie”.

H HEIDELBERG, HITLER
Heidelberg is the university town where Rizal took specialized courses in
ophthalmology in the Augenklinik under Otto Becker. One of his famous poems, “To the
Flowers of Heidelberg” was composed here. One of the enduring urban legends of the
Philippines is that Rizal is the father of Adolf Hitler.
I INDOLENCE
“Indolence of the Filipinos” is one of Rizal’smost anthologized essays. It is a response
to the myth of the lazy native spread by the Spaniards and explains the effects of climate on the
Philippines.

J JOSE, JOSEFA, A JOSEFINA

Jose Rizal was the second son, the seventh of eleven children born to Francisco
Mercado and Teodora Alonzo. Josefa Rizal a.k.a. Panggoy was Rizal’s younger sister. Josefina is
the Spanish form for Josephine thus Rizal composed a love poem for Josephine Bracken, his
common-law-wife in Dapitan entitled simply “A Josefina” (To Josephine).

K KABABATA
“Sa akingmgakabata” is a much anthological poem on the beauty of Tagalog allegedly
written when Rizal was eight years old. At best, this poem is attributed to Rizal, at worst it may
not have been written by Rizal at all.

L LAND SURVEYOR, LEONOR, LOTTERY

Not many know that a year after his graduation from the Ateneo in 1877 Rizal
graduated again with a degree in land surveying. He attained his professional license
as agrimensor y peritotasador de tierras(land surveyor and assessor) in 1881. Rizal was once
described as “Doble Leonor” (Double Leonor) because while a student in UST he was associated
with Leonor Rivera and Leonor Valenzuela. The Rizal family was fond of the lottery and Rizal’s
Madrid diary lists regular purchase of lottery tickets. Rizal hit the second prize while he was in
exile in Dapitan. Unfortunately, Rizal did not buy the entire ticket thus the prize was divided
among him, the Governor of Dapitan and a third party.
M MAKAMISA, MORGA
In 1892 Rizal wrote the beginnings of a third satirical novel in Tagalog, the opening
chapter was called “Makamisa” (After the Mass). Later he shifted from Tagalog to Spanish and
after writing up 245 pages in draft he left this novel unfinished. Antonio de Morgain 1609
published the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Events of the Philippine Islands) that Rizal re-
published with long explanatory footnotes in London in 1890.

N NOLI ME TANGERE, NELLIE BOUSTEAD

Noli me Tangere(Touch me not) was Rizal’s first book, the first of two novels, that first
saw print in Berlin in 1887. Nellie Boustead was the woman who caused the jealous Antonio
Luna to get drunk and challenge Rizal to a duel.

O OPTHALMOLOGY
Rizal specialized in ophthalmology after his medical studies in Madrid to cure his
mother’s failing eyesight. He studied under Louis de Wecker in Paris and Otto Becker in
Germany.

P PACIANO, PASTELLS
Paciano Mercado is Rizal’s elder brother, who inspired and guided Rizal’s life and
career. He translated the Noli in Tagalog. He fought the Spaniards during the Philippine
Revolution and also became a general during the Filipino-American War. Pablo Pastellswas the
Jesuit superior with whom Rizal corresponded from Dapitan on religious and philosophical
issues.

Q QUIROGA, QUIOPQUIAP
Quirogais a character in El Fili and Quiopquiapwas the pseudonym of Pablo Feced, a
journalist known for his anti-Filipino writings.

R REDNAXELA, RICIAL, RIPPER

Rednaxelais Alexander spelled backwards and was the name of the street, Rednaxela
Terrace, where Rizal lived in Hongkong. Ricial, Risal or later Rizal was word denoted a green
field ready for harvest. Mercado and Rizal were two surnames Rizal used interchangeably
during his schooling in Ateneo and UST. Another urban legend circulating is that Rizal could
have been the infamous Jack the Ripper because when he was in London and the time the
ripper murders took place. It has also been suggested that there is connection between their
initials “J.R.”

S SANDAKAN, SEGUNDA, SOLIDARIDAD

Rizal proposed to establish a Filipino colony in Sandakan, North Borneo that did not
push through. SegundaKatigbakwas Rizal’s first love as depicted in his student diary where she
referred to as “Miss K”. La Solidaridad was the Filipino reformed newspaper in Spain edited by
Graciano Lopez Jaen and later Marcelo H. delPilar. Rizal published some of his most famous
essays here: To the Women of Malolos, Indolence of the Filipinos and the Philippines Within a
Century Hence.
T TEODORA ALONSO, TETCHO SUEHIRO
Teodora Alonso, Rizal’s mother, needs no introduction nor
explanation. TetchoSuehirowas a Japanese journalist who Rizal met on a ship bound for the
United States. Tetcho later wrote about his meeting “The Man from Manila”.

U ULIMAN, UNTER DEN LINDEN, USUI SEIKO

Some people during Rizal’s lifetime referred to Rizal as “Dr. Uliman” from “el doctor
aleman” (the German doctor). Unter den Linden is a famous Berlin boulevard mentioned in
Rizal’s writings. Usui Seiko was a Japanese woman with whom he fell in love. She is mentioned
in his 1888 diary and appears in a small notebook of drawings he made in Japan.

V VALENTIN VENTURA, VERTEBRA

Valentin Ventura was a wealthy friend from Pampanga who lived in Paris and
advanced the funds to defray the costs for the publication of El Fili. Part of Rizal’s vertebra or
backbone is displayed in Fort Santiago. When Rizal’s remains were buried under the Rizal
monument this particular piece of chipped backbone was set aside to show Filipinos where the
bullet snuffed out his life.

W WOMEN of MALOLOS
Rizal wrote a lengthy letter to the women of Malolos, Bulacan, who against friar
objections, proposed a night school where they could learn Spanish. The letter was published in
La Solidaridad.

X XEREZ-BURGOS
Manuel Xerez-Burgos, nephew of the ill-fated Fr. Jose Burgos interceded with the
Jesuits when Rizal was not admitted into Ateneo Municipal due to his small stature.

Y YBARRA, YSAGANI, YNDIOS BRAVOS

In Spanish orthography the letters “I” and “Y” are sometimes interchangeable and his
manuscripts Rizal spells the names of these characters Ybarra/Ibarra and Ysagani/Isagani. The
same for the group of friends that called themselves Yndios/Indios Bravos after the “Brave
Indians” who performed Wild West show during the 1889 Paris Expo. Indio was a negative word
used to describe native Filipinos, Rizal and friends turned in around and made it a badge of
courage.

Z ZOOLOGIST, BEN ZAYB

Rizal was not a professional zoologist but is considered such because he collected
specimens: seashells, butterflies, flora and fauna, and other artifacts that he sent to scientists in
Europe during his exile in Dapitan. Rizal’s name appears in the classification for a winged lizard
(Draco rizali), a frog or toad (Racophorusrizali) and a beetle (Apogoniarizali). Ben Zaybis a
character in El Fili whose name is said to have come from Ybanez.
 THE MANY- SIDED PERSONALITY

Filipinos and foreigners alike have paid tribute that his place of honor in history is
secure. His Austrian bosom friend, Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt, Rector of the
Imperial Atheneum of Leitmeritz, said that “Rizal was the greatest product of the
Philippines and his coming to the world was like the appearance of a rare comet,
whose brilliance appears only every other century.”Another German friend, Dr.
Adolf B. Meyer, Director of the Dresden Museum who admired his all-around
knowledge and ability, remarked “Rizal’s many-sidedness was stupendous.”
His precocity since early boyhood turned into versatility in later years.
Being curious and inquisitive, he developed a rare facility of mastering varied
subjects and occupations.

ACTOR: He maintained a garden in Dapitan where

He acted a character in Luna’s paintings and he planted and experimented on plants of
acted in school dramas. allkinds.
AGRICULTURIST: BUSINESSMAN:
He had farms in Dapitan (1892-1896) He had a partner in Dapitan in the abaca
where he planted different fruit-beating business there.
trees. CARTOGRAPHER:
ANIMAL LOVER: He drew maps of Dapitan, the Philippines
He loved animals, as a small boy. and other places he visited.
ANTHROPOLOGIST: CHESS PLAYER:
He made researches on the physical and He played chess and bear several Germans
social make up of man. and European friends and acquaintances.
ARCHAEOLOGIST: COMMENTATOR:
He studied monuments and antique He always expressed and published his
currency everywhere he went. personal opinion.
ASCETIC: CONCHOLOGIST:
He always practiced self-discipline wherever He had a good shell collection in Dapitan.
he went. EDUCATOR:
BOOK LOVER: He taught in his special school in Dapitan.
He had a big library and bought many books ETHNOLOGIST:
abroad. In his travels, he compared different races
BOTANIST: and he noted the differences.
FATHER of COMMUNITY SCHOOL: MUSICIAN:
He proposed to open a college He played the flute and composed pieces of
in Hongkong and his special school music and cultivated music appreciation.
inDapitan. MYTHOLOGIST:
FENCER: He used mythology in his Noli and Fili.
He fenced with Europeans and Juan Luna NATIONALIST:
and other friends in Europe. He gave full expression of the native spirit
FREEMASON ABROAD: strengthened by world civilization and loved
He was a member of La Solidaridad Lodge in and defended everything Filipino.
Spain. OPTHALMOLOGIST:
HORTICULTURE AND FARMER: He graduated in an ophthalmologic college
He cultivated and experimented plants in in Spain.
Dapitan. ORIENTALIST:
HISTORIAN: He admired the special characteristic and
His annotation of Antonio de beauties of Oriental countries peoples.
Morga’sSucesos de las Islas Filipinas entitled PHARMACOLOGIST:
him as one. He treasured and popularized the
HUMORIST: usefulness and preparation of cures for
As found in numerous humorous incidents treatment of his patients.
in the Noli Me Tangere and El PHILOLOGIST:
Filibusterismo. He loved learning and literature is
ICHTHYOLOGIST: unequalled.
He collected 38 new varieties of fish in PHILOSOPHER:
Dapitan. He regulated his life and enjoyed calmness
JAPANOPHILE: of the lie at all time.
His admiration of Japanese traits and his PHYSICAL CULTURIST:
knowledge of her language proved he was He maintained a good health by exercising
one. all parts of his body and eating proper
JOURNALIST: foods.
He authored and published many articles in PHYSICIANS:
Spanish and English in London. He treated several patients afflicted not
LABORATORY WORKER: only with eye sickness.
He was employed in the clinic of Dr. POET:
Weckert and Dr. Becker in Paris. He wrote over 35 poems.
LINGUIST: POLITICIAN:
He spoke over 20 languages. He exposed the evils of the political
LOVER OF TRUTH: activities of the Spaniards in the Philippines
He chided Spanish Spanish writers for not through his writing.
writing the truth about the Filipinos. POLYGLOT:
He wrote and spoke in 20 languages. He encouraged and introduced solutions
PROOFREADER: based on his study on Philippines social
He worked part-time in Germany. problems.
PROPAGANDIST: SODALIST:
He encouraged the recommendation of He always joined fraternities, associations
improving government entities and and brotherhood for self-improvement.
discouraged abuses by publishing articles. SURVEYOR:
REFORMER: He engaged from a surveying class at
He published his modern methods of Ateneo.
government administration, so changes TOURIST:
could be made. He was considered due to his extensive
RESEARCHER: travels.
Being a wide reader, he compared the old TRAVELER:
and new practices in life. He traveled around the world three times.
REVOLUTIONIST: YOUTH LEADER:
He encouraged reforms, discouraged old, He considered the youth as “The Hope of
impractical usage and desired new and His Fatherland”.
useful law to benefit his countrymen. He ZOOLOGIST:
desired changes for the better. He was fond of pets. He researched later on
RHETORICIAN: their physiology, classification and habits.
He always practiced the art of persuasive
and impressive speaking and writing.
RURAL RECONSTRUCTION WORKER:
He practiced rural reconstruction work in
Dapitan in 1894 and succeeded.
SANITARY ENGINEER:
He constructed water system in Dapitan.
SCIENTIST:
His practice of many sciences here and
abroad made him a noted scientist.
SCULPTOR:
He's skillful sculptor.
SHARP SHOOTER:
He could hit a target of 20 m away.
SINOLOGIST:
His ancestry and ability to speak made him
one.
SOCIOLOGIST: