SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM
A Project Report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)

By

AKSHAY RAMESH AVHAD

3040910

Under the esteemed guidance of

Mrs. Darshana Sahane
Assistant Professor
 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

VEDANTA COLLEGE
OF
MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

VITTHALWADI, 421003

MAHARASHTRA

2018-2019
 VEDANTA COLLEGE OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY

(Affiliated to University of Mumbai)

VITTHALWADI, MAHARASHTRA-421003

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled, “SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM”,
is bonafied work of AKSHAY RAMESH AVHAD bearing Seat No: 3040910 submitted in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of BACHLOR OF SCIENCE
in INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY from University of Mumbai.

Internal Guide Coordinator

External Examiner

Date: College Seal

 ABSTRACT
India faces major environmental challenges associated with waste generation and
inadequate waste collection, transport, treatment and disposal. Current systems in India cannot
cope with the volumes of waste generated by an increasing urban population, and this impact
on the environment and public health.

Waste management is all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its
inception to its final disposal. This includes collection, transportation, treatment and disposal
of waste together with monitoring and regulation. Waste collection methods vary widely
among different countries and regions. Domestic waste collection services are often provided
by local government authorities.

Curbside collection is the most common method of disposal in most countries, in which
waste is collected at regular intervals by specialized trucks. Waste collected is then transported
to an appropriate disposal area.

Nowadays, cities with developing economies experience exhausted waste collection

services, inadequately managed and uncontrolled dumpsites and the problems are worsening.
Waste collection method in such countries is an on-going challenge and many struggle due to
weak institutions and rapid urbanization.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my sincere thanks to many persons who helped me to develop the project. I extend my
thanks to respected Prof. Wendrich Soares Head of Department of IT who has aided as in completing this
project report. I take the opportunity to express my deep sense of gratitude and whole-hearted thanks for his
inspiration and guidance throughout the course of this project.
I am thankful to our guide Prof. Darshana Sahane for their constant inspiration and guidance throughout
the course of this project work.
I express my gratitude to all members of teaching and non-teaching staff of the Department of Information
Technology for their co-operation during the verification of the project.

Place: Vitthalwadi (W) Mr. Akshay Ramesh Avhad

Date: BSc.IT SEM VI
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project entitled, “Smart waste Management System” done at Mumbai
University, Mumbai, has not been in any case duplicated to submit to any other university for the award of
any degree. To the best of my knowledge other than me, no one has submitted to any other university.
The project is done in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY) to be submitted as final semester project as part of our
curriculum.

Mr. Akshay Ramesh Avhad

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Table of Content Page

NO. No.

Introduction
1.1 Background 1
1
1.2 Objectives 1
1.3 Purpose and Scope 2

System Analysis
2.1 Existing System 3
2.2 Proposed System 3
2.3 Hardware Requirements 4
2
2.4 Software Requirements 4
2.5 Justification of selection of
5
Technology
Survey of Technologies
3 3.1 History 13
3.2 About Kalyan-Dombivali City 13
4 Working Principle 14
System Design
5
5.1 Block Diagram 15
Implementation & Testing
6.1 Source Code 16
6 6.2 Testing Approach
6.2.1 Unit Testing 22
6.2.2 Integration Testing 23
7 Results and Discussions 24
8 Conclusion and Future Work 28
9 References 29
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Today main issue for pollution is Garbage Overflow. It creates unhygienic condition
for the people and creates bad smell around the surroundings this leads in spreading some
deadly diseases & human illness.
To avoid all such situations, we are going to implement a project called IoT Based
waste management using smart dustbin. Implementation is done with the help of IoT concept.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which surrounding objects are connected through
wired and wireless networks without user intervention. Objects communicate and exchange
information.

1.2 Objectives

The smart, sensor-based dustbin will judge the level of waste in it and send the message
directly to the municipal corporation.

It can sense all the type of waste material either it is in the form of solid or liquid.

According to the filled level of the dustbin, the vehicles from the municipal corporation will
choose the shortest path with the help of the “TRANSPORTATION SOFTWARE”, which
will save their time.

It emphasizes on “DIGITAL INDIA”.

The system is simple. If there is any problem with any equipment in the future, that part is
easily replaceable with new one without any difficulty and delay.

1
1.1 Purpose & Scope

The main aim of this project is to reduce human resources and efforts along with the
enhancement of a smart city vision. We have often seen garbage spilling over from dustbins on
to streets and this was an issue that required immediate attention. The proverb “Cleanliness is
next to god and clean city is next to heaven” inspired us to conceptualized the project.
Smart dustbin helps us to reduce the pollution. Many times garbage dustbin is overflow
and many animals like dog or rat enters inside or near the dustbin. This creates a bad scene.
Also, some birds are also trying to take out garbage from dustbin. This project can avoid such
situations. And the message can be sent directly to the cleaning vehicle instead of the
contractor’s office.
Swatch Bharat Abhiyan (English: Clean India Mission and abbreviated as SBA or SBM for
"Swatch Bharat Mission") is a national campaign by the Government of India, covering 4,041
statutory cities and towns, to clean the streets, roads and infrastructure of the country. In our system,
the Smart dustbins are connected to the internet to get the real time information of the smart
dustbins. In the recent years, there was a rapid growth in population which leads to more waste
disposal. So, a proper waste management system is necessary to avoid spreading some deadly
diseases.

2
 Chapter 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2.1 Existing System

The solid waste policy in India specifies the duties and responsibilities for hygienic Waste
Management for cities and citizens of India. This policy was framed in September 2000, based
on the March 1999 Report of the “Committee for Solid Waste Management” in Class 1 cities
of India to the Supreme Court, which urged statutory bodies to comply with the report’s
suggestions and recommendations. These also serve as a guide on how to comply with the
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) rules. Today, India is one of the places in the world where most
garbage is disposed. Indian landfills contain dangerous materials, including plastics and
chemicals. Both the report and the rules, summarized below, are based on the principle that the
best way to keep streets clean is not to dirty them in the first place. So a city with street bins
will ultimately become clean and stay clean. They advocate daily doorstep collection of "wet"
(food) wastes for composting, which is the best option for India.

2.2 Proposed System

In this system multiple dustbins are located throughout the city or the Campus, these dustbins are
provided with a sensor which helps in tracking the level and weight of the garbage bins and a unique ID will
be provided for every dustbin in the city so that it is easy to identify which garbage bin is full. When the level
and weight of the bin reaches the threshold limit, the device will transmit the reading along with the unique
ID provided.

3
2.3 Hardware Requirements

1) GARBAGE CONTAINER
2) ULTRASONIC SENSOR
3) ARDUINO BOARD
4) GSM MODULE
5) GPS MODULE
6) BREAD BOARD
7) JUMP WIRES

2.4 Software Requirements

1) SOFTWARE OF ARDUINO

4
2.5 Justification of Selection of Technology

2.5.1 Garbage Container

A waste container is a container for temporarily storing waste, and is usually made out of metal or
plastic. The curbside dustbins usually consist of three types: trash cans (receptacles made of metal or
plastic), dumpsters and wheelie bins (light, usually plastic bins that are mobile). All of these are emptied by
collectors, who will load the contents into a garbage truck and drive it to a landfill, incinerator or consuming
crush facility to be disposed of.

DUSTBIN

5
2.5.2 Ultrasonic Sensor

A special sonic transducer is used for the ultrasonic proximity sensors, which allows for alternate
transmission and reception of sound waves. The sonic waves emitted by the transducer are reflected by an
object and received back in the transducer. After having emitted the sound waves, the ultrasonic sensor will
switch to receive mode. The time elapsed between emitting and receiving is proportional to the distance of
the object from the sensor.

FIG: WORKING OF SENSOR

Ultrasonic sensors generate high-frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo which is received
back by the sensor, measuring the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to
determine the distance to an object.

FIG: PRINCIPLE OF SENSOR

6
2.5.3 Arduino Board

Arduino is a software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures computer
open-source hardware, open-source software, and microcontroller- based kits for building digital devices and
interactive objects that can sense and control physical devices.
The project is based on microcontroller board designs, produced by several vendors, using various
microcontrollers. These systems provide sets of digital and analog I/O pins that can interface to various
expansion boards (termed shields) and other circuits. The boards feature serial communication interfaces,
including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, for loading programs from personal computers. For
programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino project provides an integrated development environment
(IDE) based on a programming language named Processing, which also supports the languages C and C++.
The first Arduino was introduced in 2005, aiming to provide a low cost, easy way for novices and
professionals to create devices that interact with their environment using sensors and actuators. Common
examples of such devices intended for beginner hobbyists include simple robots, thermostats, and motion
detectors.

FIG: ARDUINO BOARD

7
Software of Arduino:

The Arduino project provides the Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), which is a
cross-platform application written in the programming language Java. It originated from the IDE for the
languages Processing and Wiring. It is designed to introduce programming to artists and other newcomers
unfamiliar with software development. It includes a code editor with features such as syntax highlighting,
brace matching, and automatic indentation, and provides simple one-click mechanism to compile and load
programs to an Arduino board. A program written with the IDE for Arduino is called a "sketch".
The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules to organize code.

8
2.5.4 Gsm Module

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Special Mobile), is a standard
developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for
second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones, first deployed in Finland in July
1991. As of 2014 it has become the default global standard for mobile communications - with over 90%
market share, operating in over 219 countries and territories.

FIG: GSM MODULE

GSM networks operate in a number of different carrier frequency ranges (separated into GSM
frequency ranges for 2G and UMTS frequency bands for 3G), with most 2G GSM networks operating in the
900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. Where these bands were already allocated, the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands
were used instead (for example in Canada and the United States). In rare cases the 400 and 450 MHz frequency
bands are assigned in some countries because they were previously used for first-generation systems.

2.5.5 Gps Module

9
 A GPS is a navigation device normally carried by a moving vehicle or person that uses the Global
Positioning System (GPS) to track the device's movements and determine its location. The recorded location
data can either be stored within the tracking unit or transmitted to an Internet-connected device using
the cellular (GPRS or SMS), radio, or satellite modem embedded in the unit. This allows the location to be
displayed against a map backdrop either in real time or when analyzing the track later, using GPS tracking
software. Data tracking software is available for smartphones with GPS capability.

FIG: GPS MODULE

10
2.5.6 Bread Board

A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Originally it was literally a bread
board, a polished piece of wood used for slicing bread. In the 1970s the solderless breadboard (AKA plug
board, a terminal array board) became available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to
refer to these. "Breadboard" is also a synonym for "prototype".
Because the solderless breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use
for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit design. For this reason, solderless
breadboards are also extremely popular with students and in technological education. Older breadboard types
did not have this property. A stripboard (Vero board) and similar prototyping printed circuit boards, which
are used to build semi- permanent soldered prototypes or one-offs, cannot easily be reused. A variety of
electronic systems may be prototyped by using breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits to complete
central processing units (CPUs).

FIG: BREAD BOARD

A modern solderless breadboard consists of a perforated block of plastic with numerous tin plated
phosphor bronze or nickel silver alloy spring clips under the perforations. The clips are often called tie
points or contact points. The number of tie points is often given in the specification of the breadboard.

11
2.5.7 Jump Wires

Jump wires (also called jumper wires) for solderless bread boarding can be obtained in ready-to-use
jump wire sets or can be manually manufactured. The latter can become tedious work for larger circuits.
Ready-to-use jump wires come in different qualities, some even with tiny plugs attached to the wire ends.
Jump wire material for ready-made or homemade wires should usually be 22 AWG (0.33 mm) solid copper,
tin-plated wire - assuming no tiny plugs are to be attached to the wire ends. Shorter stripped wires might result
in bad contact with the board's spring clips (insulation being caught in the springs). Longer stripped wires
increase the likelihood of short-circuits on the board. Needle-nose pliers and tweezers are helpful when
inserting or removing wires, particularly on crowded boards.

FIG: JUMP WIRES

Differently colored wires and color-coding discipline is often adhered to for consistency. However, the
number of available colors is typically far fewer than the number of signal types or paths. Typically, a few
wire colors are reserved for the supply voltages and ground (e.g., red, blue, black), some are reserved for main
signals, and the rest are simply used where convenient.

12
 Chapter 3
SURVEY OF TECHNOLOGIES

An inevitable consequence of development and industrial progress is generation of waste. Therefore,

efficient waste management is a matter of international concern and countries have setup robust regulatory
waste management regimes for balancing the objectives of development and environment sustainability. In
India, the national environment policy, 2006 while suggesting measures for collection of wastes and safe
disposal of residues.
The metro cities and major economic hubs generate the maximum volume of waste, but a survey of
20 smaller cities selected to be developed as smart cities show that most are struggling to manage waste. So,
there should be an improvement in the waste management techniques.

3.1 History

Following the onset of industrialization and the sustained urban growth of large population centers,
the build-up of waste in the cities caused a rapid deterioration in levels of sanitation and the general quality
of urban life. The streets became choked with filth due to the lack of waste clearance regulations.

3.2 About Kalyan-Dombivali City

Population: 1.7 Million (2016) Area: 132.7sq. Km.

No. Of Wards: 107 Method of Collection:
Primary Collection: Door to Door Collection
Provided Metallic Container in Designated Places All Over the City.
Mode of Transportation (Secondary Transportation): Tippers And Lorries Covered With Plastic

13
 Chapter 4
WORKING PRINCIPLE

The garbage containers transmit signals to indicate that they are over 80% or 90% full and should be
emptied. Via the mobile communications network, the signals are sent to a web-based software application
used by the waste management company.
In the software, the capacity of the container is indicated, which is taken as a basis to plan the best
route for waste collection garbage trucks travel only to those containers that actually need to be emptied.
A robust ultrasonic sensor is installed in the garbage container and detects the fill level regardless of
what has been deposited inside. The whole system contains ULTRASONIC SENSOR, ARDUINO
BOARD, GSM MODULE, GPS MODULE, BREAD BOARD, and POWER SUPPLY (BATTERY).
The sensor is fixed on to the bread board. The connection between the Arduino board and sensor is
made with the help of connecting wires. The working program is fed into the Arduino board. The GSM
module is also connected to the same Arduino board with the help of wires. The power supply to the system
is given with the help of a battery.

14
 Chapter 5
System Design

5.1 Block Diagram

ULTRASONIC ARDUINO
GARBAGE
SENSOR BOARD
CONTAINER

MUNICIPAL SOFTWARE MOBILE

CORPORATION APPLICATION COMMUNICATION
NETWORK

15
 Chapter 6
Implementation and Testing

6.1 Source Code:

#include <TinyGPS.h>
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
SoftwareSerial mySerial(9, 10);
SoftwareSerial Gsm(2,3);
char phone_no[] = "9869118755"; //replace with phone no. to get sms
TinyGPS gps; //Creates a new instance of the TinyGPS object

#define trigPin 12

#define echoPin 13

#define Led_Green 8

#define Led_Yellow 9

#define Led_Red 10

void setup()

{
Serial.begin(9600);
mySerial.begin(9600); // Setting the baud rate of GSM Module Serial.begin (9600);

Serial.begin(9600);
Gsm.begin(9600);

pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);

16
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

pinMode(Led_Green,OUTPUT);

pinMode(Led_Yellow,OUTPUT);

pinMode(Led_Red,OUTPUT);

delay(100);
}

void loop()
{

long duration, distance;

int max = 80; // Let consider as Height of the Garbage Bin is = 80 cm.
float diff, perc;

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

17
distance = (duration/2) / 29.1;

diff = max - distance; // 'diff' variable tells u that, how much the Garbage Bin is Left to fill.

perc = (diff/max)*100; // 'perc' variable tells u that, how much percentage the Garbage Bin is filled.

if (perc<=25)
{
digitalWrite(Led_Green,HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(Led_Green,LOW);
}

if (perc>=50)
{
digitalWrite(Led_Yellow,HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(Led_Yellow,LOW);
}

if (perc>=90)
{
Serial.println("Garbage Bin is FULL.");
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(Led_Red,HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(Led_Red,LOW);
//Bin is Filled...Ex. "Garbage Bin is Filled 70%.".

//Serial.println("Garbage Bin is FULL."); // When the Garbage Bin is filled more than 90%, then this Error
Message will Displayed.

// Call the Function of Send SMS.

18
}

else

{
Serial.print("Garbage Bin is Filled ");
Serial.print(perc);
Serial.print(" %."); // These 3 Lines are print, that how much the Garbage

/*
if (distance >= 400 || distance <= 2)
{

Serial.println("Out of range");

else
{

Serial.print(distance);

Serial.println(" cm");

}
*/

delay(500);

bool newData = false;

unsigned long chars;
unsigned short sentences, failed;

19
// For one second we parse GPS data and report some key values
for (unsigned long start = millis(); millis() - start < 1000;)
{
while (Serial.available())
{
char c = Serial.read();
Serial.print(c);
if (gps.encode(c))
newData = true;
}
}

if (newData) //If newData is true

{
float flat, flon;
unsigned long age;
gps.f_get_position(&flat, &flon, &age);
Gsm.print("AT+CMGF=1\r");
delay(400);
Gsm.print("AT+CMGS=\"");
Gsm.print(phone_no);
Gsm.println("\"");

delay(300);
Gsm.print("http://maps.google.com/maps?q");

// Gsm.print("Latitude = ");
Gsm.print(flat == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flat, 6);
//Gsm.print(" Longitude = ");
Serial.print(",");
Gsm.print(flon == TinyGPS::GPS_INVALID_F_ANGLE ? 0.0 : flon, 6);
delay(200);
Gsm.println((char)26); // End AT command with a ^Z, ASCII code 26
delay(200);
Gsm.println();
delay(20000);

20
 }

Serial.println(failed);
// if (chars == 0)
// Serial.println("** No characters received from GPS: check wiring **");
}

21
 6.2 Testing Approach

6.2.1 Unit Testing

When I test first unit of my project i.e. led’s are glowing in right time on or not that time I got some
errors. After that I changed some coding. After that my unit is working properly i.e. led’s are glowing on
time & right led is glowing on right level of garbage.
I performed my second unit testing on my GSM MODULE. I didn’t get message of filled garbage
dustbin because of connection problem between Arduino & GSM MODULE. After fixing the connection
message is received on my mobile.
I performed my third and last unit testing on my GPS MODULE. Firstly, because there is problem in
getting coordinates of location in my college IT lab. I performed same unit testing in my college ground.
Then I got the coordinates of location very clearly.

22
6.2.2 Integration Testing

Test Cases Input Output

T001 Garbage level in dustbin is Green led glows.
less than 25%.
T002 Garbage level in dustbin is Yellow led glows.
more than 50% & less than
90%.
T003 Garbage level in dustbin is Red led glows.
more than 90% i.e. garbage
dustbin is full.
T004 Garbage bin is full. Message send to municipal
authority through GSM
module.
T005 Garbage bin is full. Location coordinates of the
garbage dustbin search by
GPS module & sends to
municipal authority.

When I integrate all the modules of my project and performed the integration testing on it, the
ultrasonic sensor is giving the details about the waste present in the dustbin. The status of the waste is
transferred to the municipal authority whenever it is exceeding the threshold value through the message,
they get the coordinates of the location of the garbage dustbin. After getting the link of the coordinates they
open that link in GOOGLE MAP app and location of the garbage dustbin is displaying on screen of their
smartphone.

23
 Chapter 7
Results and Discussions

Green led glows when garbage level in dustbin is less than 25%.

24
Yellow led glows when garbage level in dustbin is greater than 50% and less than 90%.

25
Red led glows when garbage level in dustbin is greater than 90% i.e. Garbage Bin Is Full.

26
A message received on registered phone no when garbage bin is full with coordinates of location.

27
When we click on the coordinates of the location, we get the location of our full garbage dustbin through
google map app.

Chapter 8
Conclusion & Future Work

By using this method, the collection of waste in the city becomes easier. It helps in reducing air
pollution, traffic flow, man power, time and money. With the help of proper technology (GPS &
SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS) we can guide the trucks in selecting the shortest path for garbage
collection. This project can add an edge to the cities aiming to get smart and people-friendly.
This system also helps to monitor the fake reports and hence can reduce the corruption in the overall
management system. This reduces the total number of trips of garbage collection vehicle and hence reduces
the overall expenditure associated with the garbage collection. It ultimate helps to keep cleanness in the

28
society.
The main objective is to maintain the level of cleanliness in the city and form an environment which is
better for living. By using this system, we can constantly check the level of the garbage in the dustbins
which are placed in various parts of the city. If a particular dustbin has reached the maximum level then the
employees can be informed and they can immediately take certain actions to empty it as soon as possible.
The employees can check the status of these bins anytime on their mobile phones. This can prove to be a
very useful system if used properly.
The system can be used as a benchmark by the people who are willing to take one step further for
increasing the cleanliness in their respected areas. Ultrasonic sensor is being used in this system to check
the level of garbage in the dustbins but in future various other types of sensors can be used with the
ultrasonic sensor to get more precise output and to take this system to another level. Now this system can be
used in certain areas but as soon as it proves its credibility it can be used in all the big areas. As this system
also reduces manual work certain changes can be done in the system to take it to another level and make it
more useful for the employees and people who are using it. In future, a team can be made which will be in
charge for handling and maintaining this system and also to take care of its maintenances.

29
 Chapter 9
References
 "Arduino - Introduction". arduino.cc.
 "Programming Arduino Getting Started with Sketches". McGraw-Hill. Nov 8, 2011. Retrieved
2013-03-28.
 The national environment policy, 2006 available at http://www.tnpcb.gov.in/pdf/nep2006e.pdf
 "GSM Global system for Mobile Communications". 4G Americas. Retrieved 2014-03- 22.
 www.google.com

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