- r{i

,.H\lW De si g n a ti o8n1: 1 7- 1 1
'T{fEBNATIONAL

StandardPracticefor
OperatingSalt Spray (Fog)Apparatusl
'l'his
starclartl is issuetl under thc fixed ,l"riguotiuu BllT; the number immediately f<.rllowing the designation indicates the year of
originrl adoptiou or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthesesindicates the year of last reapproval.A
supcrscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
'I'his
.tkntlurtl luts hacn upproved.[or use hy agencias ol the Departmnt of Defcnsc.

1. ScoPc'i' 3. Significance and Use

l. I This plactice covers the apparatus,procedure, and
conditionslequiled to createand maintain the salt spray(fog)
test environrnent.Suitableapparatuswhich rnay be used is
d e s c r i b cicnl A p p c r i d i xX l .
'l'his
1.2 practicedoes not prescribethe type of test speci-
nrcnol'cxllosulcpericldsto be usedfor a specificproduct,nor
the interpretationto be given to the results.
'l'hc
1.3 valuesstatedin SI units are to be regardedas the
'fhc
standard. valuesgiven in parenthesesare fbr ir.rfonnation
o r rl y .
1.4'l'lti.r ;'tanrlarddoes not purport to addressall oJ'the
sa.|'t,t\tr.:ont:cr-ns,il ttnv, associatedwith its use. It is the
rc.iltrutsibilittol thc userol th.isstandardto establishappro-
und heulthpra:tices and determinethe upplicu-
l)t tnt(:"tLt.let.\'
lirnitationsprior to use.
ltilitt t'l ti'grtlutttr.v
2. Rel'erencedl)ocumenls
2.| ,1.\'f / Srttndtrr,ls:2 I cates should be included to establishthe variability of thc
[].1{iti"l'estMetlrocl{'or Copper-Accelerated ACeticAcid-Salt
Spray(l'rtrg)'lesting (CASSTes|
Di:0i) Prlctice lirr Preparationof Cold-Rolled Steel Panels
tor Tcsting Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, anel
RelatcdCoatingProducts
l.l I l9.i Specificationfbr ReagentWater
l)lti,-i4'I'eslMethocl fbr Evaluation of Painted or Coated
SpccirncnsSul"r^j ectedto CorrosiveEnvironments
l:l{}'l'est Method for pH of AclueousSolutiurs With the
CiassHcct.rodc
l::.{i9ll'}r'licticcfor Conductingan InterlaboratoryStudy to
l)eterniue the Precisionof a Test Method
{-i35Plactic:elbr Modified Salt Spray (Fog) Testing
I This pfacticc is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Cornmittee G01 on Corrosion
of lr'lctrls rnd is lhc dircct rcsponsibility of Subcommittee G01.t).5on Laboratory
C.'orrosionl't'sts.
L'rrrrcnt eclitiorrapprovcd OcL. l. 2u11. Puhlished November 2011. Originally
approvctl in 19.19.l,ast prcvious etlitir.rnapproved in 2009 as 8117-09. DOI:
t0.t5t0/ll0ll7-l l.
I Fcu relcrcnccti AS'l'l!l stlndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astln.org, or
corilact ASTM Customer Sewice at sen'ice@astrn.org.For Anntal Book of ASTM
Stuntlurtl.v vohnre irrtbrrnation, refer to the standard's Document Summary page on
lhe ASTM wrbsile.
3.1 This practiceprovides a controlledcorrosiveenviron-
ment which has been utilized to produce relative corrosion
resistanceinformation for specimens of metals and coat€d
metals exposedin a given test chamber.
3.2 Predictionof performancein naturalenvironmgntshas
seldombeen correlatedwith salt spray resultswhen used as
standalone data.
3.2.1 Correlation and extrapolationof corrosion perfbr-
mancebasedon exposureto the test environmen[providedby
this practice are not always predictable.
3.2.? Corcelationand extrapolationshould be considered
only in caseswhere appropriatecorroboratinglong-term atmo-
sphericexposureshave beenconducted.
3.3 The reproducibilityof resultsin the salt sprayexposure
is highly dependenton the type of specimenstestedand the
evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the
operatingvariables.In any testing program,sufficientrepli-
results.Variability has beenobservedwhen sinrilarspecimens
are testedin different fog chamberseven though the testing
conditionsare nominally similar and within the rangesspeci-
fied in this practicc.
4. Apparatus
4.1 The apparatusrequired for salt spray (fbg) exposufe
consistsof a fog chamber,a sdlt solutionreservoir,a supplyof
suitably conditioned compressedair, one or rnore atornizing
nozzles,specimensupports,provisiontbr heatin$thechamber,
and necessarymeansof control. f'he size and detailedcon-
structionof the apparatusare optional, provided the conditions
obtainedmeet the requirementsof this practice.
4.2 Drops of solution which accumulateon the ceiling or
cover of the charnber shall not be perrnitted to fall on the
specimensbeing exposed.
4.3 Drops of solution which fali fronr the specimensshall
not be retumed to the solution reservoir for respraying.
4.4 Material of construction shall be such that it will not
affect the corrosivenessof the tbs.

rA Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyriglht 100BatrHarborDrive,POBoxC700,WestConshohocken,
lDternational,
O ASTN'I PA19428.2959.
UnitedSlates
Copyrightby ASTM Int'l (all rightsreserued);Thu Feb 6 06:00:37EST 2014 1
 {ff errz- rr
4.5 All warerusedfor this practiceshall conform to Tlpe IV
water in Specification Dll93 (except that for this prictice
limits for chloridesand sodium may be ignored).This doesnot
apply to running tap water.All other water will be referred to
as reagentgrade.
5. Test Specimens
5.1 The type and numberof test specimensto be used,as
well as the criteria for the evaluationof the test results,shall be
defined in the specilicationscovering the material or product
being exposedor shall be mutually agreedupon between the
purchaserand the seller.
6. Preparation of Test Specimens
6.1 Specimensshall be suitably cleaned. The cleaning
methodshall be optional dependingon the natureof the surtace
and the contaminants.Care shall be taken that specimensare
not recontaminatedafter cleaning by excessive or careless
haurdling.
6.2 Specirnensfor the evaluationof paints and other organic
coatings shall be prepared in accordancewith applicable constituteless than 0.I o/oby mass
specification(s)for the material(s)being exposed,or is agreed
upon betweenthe purchaserand the supplier. Otherwise, the
test specimensshall consist of steel meeting the requirements such agentsmay act as corosion
of PracticeD609 and shall be cleanedand preparedfor coating
in accordancewith the applicableproceduie of practice D609.
6.3 Specimenscoated with paints or nonmetallic coatings
shall not be cleanedor handled excessivelyprlor to test.
6.4 Wheneverit is desiredto determinethe developmentof
corrosionfrom an abradedareain the paint or organiccoating,
a scratchor scribedline:shallbe made through the coatingwith
a sharpinstrumentso as to exposethe underlj,ing metal befbre
testing. The conditions of making the scrltch shall be as
definedin TestMethod L>1654,unlessotherwiseagreedupon
betweenthe purchaserand the seller.
6.5 Unless otherwise specified, the cut edges of plaied,
coated,or duplex materialsand areascontaining identification
marks or in contact with the racks oruupfort, shall be
protectedwith a suitablecoating stableunder the conditionsof
the practice.
Nornl:-Shouldit bedesirable to cuttestspecimens ftompartsor from
preplated, painted, or orherwise coated steel iheet, the cut
edses shall be pH.
protected by coating rhem with paint, wax, tape, or othgr
effeitive
media
so.that the development of a galvanic effect between such edges
and the
adjacent piated or otherwise coated metal surfaces, is prevented.
7. Position of SpecimensDuring Exposure
7.1 The position of the specimensin the salt spray chamber
during the rest shall be such that the following *niition, *.
met:
7.1.1 Unless othenvisespecified,the specimensshall be
supportedor suspendedbetween 15 and 30i from the vertical
and pref'erablyparallel to the principal direction of flow of fog
through the chambeqbasedupon the dominant surfacebeins
tested.
7.1.2 The specimensshall not contact each other or any
metallic material or any material capableof acting as a wick.
Copyrightby ASTM Int'l (alt rightsreserued);Thu Feb 6 06:00:37EST 2014
7.1.3 Each spairm shall be placed.to ultencum-
bered expwe ro fu fry
7.1.4 Salt sohdo ftm c specimenshall not clrip on any
other specim-
Nors2-Suil$lc rdFi* fa-h orstructionor coatingof racksantl
supports areglassnrbbcr,Fldic, r sirably coatedwoocl.Barernetal
,shallnot 6s 'rqed.Spccim ffl peferablybe supported tr.omthe
bottomor theside.Slcod ruh *ir aresuitablefbr'tfiesuppor.t
of flat
panels.Suspensiurfromglc ffi c raxed stringrrayber.r_rcd
aslong
as the specifiedpmiticr d fu +ccinrns is obtained, il necessart,bv
meansof secondary $pport I fu bmrxnof thespecimens.
8. Salt Solution
8.1 The salt solution shall be Fepared by dissolving 5 r, I
parts by mass of 5s{irrm chloride in 95 parts of water
conformingto Type fV water in SpecificationDIlgll (except
that for this practice limits for chloridqs and sodium may be
ignored).Careful attentionshould be given to the chemical
contentof the salt. The salt used shall be sodium chloriclewirh
not more than 0.3 7o by mass of total impurities.Halicles
(Bromide, Fluoride, and lodide) other .than Chlodde shall
of the salt content.Copper
contentshall be less than 0.3 ppm by mass.Sodiurnchloride
thathashad anti-cakingagentsadded,shallnot be usedbecause
inhibitors.SeeTablerI fbr a
listing of theseimpurity restrictions.Upon agreementbetween
the purchaserand the seller, analysismay be requirecland
limits establishedfor elementsor compoundsnot speciliedin
the chemical composition given above.
8.2 The pH of the salt solution shall be such thar when
atomizedat 35oC (95.F) the collectedsolutionwill be in the
pH range from 6.5 to 7.2 (Note 3). Before rhe solution is
atomizedit shallbe free of suspendecl solids(Nnr* 4). The pH
measurement shall be made at 23 -t 3.C (73 -f 5"F) using a
suitableglass pH-sensingelectrode,refbrenceolectrode,and
pH meter systemin accordancewith Test Method I-i?0.pH
measurementshall be recordedonce daily (excenton week_
ends,or holidayswhen the salt sprayresri; nor inierruptecl for
expoging,rearranging, br removitrgtestspecimensor to clreck
and, replenish the solution in the reser:voir..llhe maximunt
interval between pH measruementsshall not exceecl96 h).
Only diluted,reagentgradqhydrochloricacitl (HCl) or reagenr
grade sodium hydroxide (NaOH) shall be useclro adiusrrhe
\
Nore 3-Temperarure affects the pH of a salt solution prepared li.orn
water saturated with carbon dioxide at room temperature a'<i pll adiust-
ment may be made by the following three merhocls:
(1) When rhe pH of a salt solution is adiusted at room temDerature.and
atomized ar 35"C (95.D, the pH of the collectetl solurion will be higlrcr.
than the original sotution due to the loss ofcarbon dioxide at the higher
temperature. When the pH of the salt solufion is adjuster.l ,rt .uo,n
temperature, it is therefore necessary to adjust it below 6.5 so the collecteti
solution after atomizing at 35"C (95"F) will meer the rll-l lirnirs of 6.5 to
7.2.Take about a 50-mL sample of the salt solurion ai preparedat room
temperature,boil gently for 30 s. cool. and deter.rninethe pH. Whcn the
pH of the salt solution is adjusted to 6.5 to 7.2 by this procetlure.
rhe nH
of the atomized and collected solution at 35"C 495"F) wili come.wirhin
this range.
(2) Heating the salr solurion to boiling and cooling ro 35.C (95"F) and
maintaining it at 35"C (95.F) fbr approximarely 48 h befbre adjusting the
pH produces a solution the pH of which does not materiallv chanse when
2
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.{fffp
TAELE 1 Maximum Allowable Limits for lmpurity Levels in TABLE 2 SuggestedTemperatureand PressureGuideline
Sodium GhlorideA'ac for the Top of the Air SaturatorTower for lhe Operationof a Test
at 35'C (95"F)
/( No'r'r l-A rnerasurable limit tbr arrti-cakingagentsis t?o/being defined
as a lesul( ol' how salt is manufactured. During salt manufacturing, it is 114
83 46 12
cotl.liTlot'l practice to create salt slurry from the raw salt rnined' A 47 14 117
j crystallization processthen capturesthe pure salt from this slurry. Some
natulally uccurlir.rganti-caking agentscan be fbrmed in this process and
96
110
124
4A
49
16
18
119
121
ilrc |iot removetl t|orn the resultant product. Avoid salt products where
extra anti-crukingageilt$are added.Additionally. when doing an elemental
analysis o[ salt. t]rorc can be traoe elements presgnt that al€ either a
sl.rnd-aloneeleuucntor part of an anti-caking agent' It is not economically
ieasible Lo lino'"vwherc such elements catne {tom due to the long list of SaturatorTower to meet the suggestedpressuresoI Tablc 2 at
possrblc anti-crking agents for which thete would have to be testing. the top of the Air SaturatorTower.
-l'heletirre
. a salt product that rneetsthe impurity, halide, and copper limits
rvith no anti-cal<ingagentsadded will be accepmble.The salt supplier can Norn6-The air supplymaybe freedlrom oil anddirt by passing
it
plovitle an tnllysis o1't.hesalt with a statementindicating that anti-caking through a suitable oil/water extractor (that is commercially available) to
as^nts wcrcrrrot acldcdto thcrproduct. stop any oil frour reaching the Air Saturator Tower. Many oil/water
AllowableAmount extractors have an expiration indicator, proper preventive nrlintenance
lmpurltyDescription
iutervals should take these into account.
Totallmpurities <0.3%
Halides(Bromide,Fluorideand lodide)excludingChloride < o.1 y. 9.2 The compressedair supply to the atonrizernozzle or
Copper < 0.3ppm nozzlesshall be conditionedby introducingit into the bottom
Anti-cakrngAgents NoneAdded
of a tower filled with water.A commonmethodof introducing
'\ A commontormulausedto calculatethe amountof salt requiredby mass to
the air is throughan air dispersiondevice(Xl.4.1). The level
achievea 5 % saltsolutionof a knownmass ot water is:
of the water must be maintained automatically to ensure
0.a53xMassof Water: Massof NaClrequhed
adequatehumidification. It is common practiceto maintain the
.t
The nrassot wateris 1 g per 1 mL. To calculatethe mass of salt requiredin temperature in this tower between46 and49'C (114-121'F)to
I gramsto mix 1 L of a 5 % salt solution,multiply0.053by 1000 g (35.27oz' the
massot 1 L ol water).Thisformulayieldsa resultof 53 g (1.87oz) of NaClrequired
offsetthe cooling eft'ectof expansionto atmosphericpressure
for eachlitreot waterto achievea 5 % salt solutionby massr during the atomizationprocess.Table 2 showsthe temperature,
, .:l The 0.053 multiplierfor the sodium chlorideused above is derivedby the at different pressures,that are commonly used to offset the
following:
1000g (massof a lull L of water)dividedby 0.95 cooling effect of expansionto atmosphericpressure.
,. . (u;ateris only 95 % o{ the totalmixtureby mass)yields1053 g
-his 1053g is ihe totalmassof the mixtureof one L of waterwith a 5% sodium 9.3 Careful attentionshouldbe given to the relationshipof
chlorideconcentration. 1053 g minusthe originalweightof the L of water,1000 g, tower temperatureto pressuresince this relationshipcan have
3.R yields53 g for the weightof the sodiumchloride.53 g of toial sodiumchloride a direct impact to maintaining proper collection rates(Note 7)'
dividedby the original1000 g ot water yieldsa 0.053 multiplierfor the sodium well abovethe
It is preferableto saturatethe air at temperatures
chloride.
chamber temperatureas insurance of a wet fog as listed in
-. I
As an example:to mixthe equivalent of 200 L (52.83gal)of 5 % godiumchloride
.il
solution,mix 10.6kg (23.37lb) of sodiumchlorideinto 200 L (52.ff gal)of water. Table 2.
.s 200 L of waterweighs200 000 g. 200 000 g of waterx 0.053 (sodiumchloride
, i,t( n r u l t i p l i e=r )1 0 0 0 0g o f s o d i u mc h l o r i d eo, r 1 0 . 6k g . NorB7-If thetoweris runoutsideof thesesuggested and
telnperature
a In orderto ensurelhat lhe propersaltconcentralion was achievedwhenmixing in 10.?of
pressure propercollectionratesasdescribed
rangesto achieve
I(. the solution,it is recomnrended thatthe solutionbe checkedwitheithera salimeter
this practice,othermeansof verifyingthe propercorrosion ratein the
or speci{icgravilyhydrometer. Whenusinga salimeterhydrometer, tho
' ) iR r
hydrometer suchas the useof conttolspecimens
shouldbe between4 and 6 % at 25"C (77'Fl
charnber shouldbe investigated,
measurement
I\ o lf the purityot thesaltusedis >99.9%,thenthe limitsfor halidescan be ignored' (panels of knownperformance It is preferred
irt thetestcouducted). that
This is cjueio the fact that the halidescannotbe >0.1% with a salt purityol controlpanelsbe'providedthat bracketthe expected test specimen
sl-t, >99.9',i,.l{ the salt usedis of lowerpurity,the.rtest for halides. performance. The conttols allow for the normalization of test conditions
rluring repeated running of the test and will also allow comparisons of test
' \ '
resulfs from diftbrent repeats of the same test. (Refer to Apponclix X3,
I

( ;;;11
Evaluation of Corrosive Conditions, for mass loss procednres).
a,,l
I
]ete 10. Conditions in the Salt Spray Chamber \
irlomizeclat 3-5"C(95'F').
jPl (.1) t{eating the water from which the salt solution is prepared to 35'C
l0.I Temperature--:fhe exposure zone of the salt spray
(95"Ir) ol above.tt.rexpel carbou dioxide. and adjusting the pH ofthe salt -F
solntion within the lirnits of 6.5 to ?.2 producesa solution the pH of which
chambershallbe maintainedat35 ! 2'C (95 3"F).Eachset
pfilc rJoesnot rnaterially chl.rngewhen atomized at 35'C (95'F). point and its tolerancerepresentsan operationalcontrol point
,:lIfJ Norr 4-TIre ii-cshly prepared salt solution may be filtered or decanted for equilibrium conditionsat a single location in the cabinet
I cst, belbre it is placecl in the rgsen'oir, or the end of the tube leading from the which may not necessarilyrepresentthe unifbrrnity of condi-
t cdir solution to ths atomizerrnay be coveredwith a double layer ofcheesecloth
tions throughout the cabinet. The temperature wilhin the
iir i! to prevcnt plugging of tlre nozzle.
)ll /-_ Nom 5.-The pFI can be adjusted by additions of dilute ACS reagent exposurezone of the closed cabinetshall be recorded(Note 8)
I ufc|t gratlc hydlochloric acid or sodium hydroxide solutions. at leastonce daily (excepton Saturdays,Sundays,and holidays
fr}f t when the salt spray test is not interrupted for exposing,
o l ul t : ,
t,L'fi.si
9. Air Supply rearranging, or removing test specimens or to check and
I
9. I The compresscdair supply to the Air SaturatorTower replenishthe solutionin the reseloir)
shall be ijee of grease,oil. and dirt befbre use by passing Nors8-A suitablemethodto recordthetemperatue is by a continu-
th:"oughwell-rnaintainedfilters. (Note 6) This air should be whichcanbereadfrornoutside
deviceor by a thermometer
ousrecording
at a sullicient pressureat the base of the Air
rnaintaine,cl Therecorded
theclosedcabinet. tnustbe obtained
temperature with the
f&t tDl

r b yI
Copyrightby ASTM Int'l (all rightsreserued);Thu Feb 6 06:00:37EST 2014

d$perrz- t
I _ff-o
Mn. of lOcrn
w
I
Foe Chamber
Norn l-This figure shows a typical fog collector arangement for a single atomizer tower oabinet. The same fog collcctor arrilrlscnrcrttts tl\o
applicablefor multiple atomizer tower and horizontal ("T" type) atomizer tower cabinet constructionsas well.
FlG. i Arrangement of Fog Collectori
salt spraychanrberclosedto avoid a false low reading becauseof wet-bulb
effect when the chamber is open.
10.2 Atonilzation and Quantity of Fog-Place at least two
clean tbg collector'sper atomizertower within the exposure
zoneso that no dropsof solutiollwill be collectedfrom the test
specimensor any other source.Position the collectorsin the
proximity of the testspecimens,one nearestto any nozzleand
the other farthestfrom all uozzles.A typical arrangementis
shown in frig. L The fog shall be sirch that for each
80 cm2(12.4 in.z) oi horizontalcollectingrarea,there will be
coilectedfrom 1.0 to 2.0 mL of solutionpor hour basedon an
averagerun of at least 16 h (Note 9). The sodium chloride
concentration of the collectedsolutionshall be 5 t I mass7o
(Notes9-ll). The pH of the collectedsolutionshallbe 6.5 to
7.2. Tlte pH measurement shall be made as describedin lJ.2
(Note 3). Both sodium chloride concentration(measuredas
specificgravity) and volume of condensatecollected(mea-
suredin mL) shall be recordedonce daily (excepton week-
ends,or holidays when the salt spray test is not interruptedfor
exposing,rearranging,or removingtest specimensor to check
and replenishthe solution in the reservoir.The rnaximum
intenral betweenthesedata collection measurementsshall not
exceed96 h).
Nore 9-Suitable collecting devices are glass or plastic funnels with
tlre stems inserted through stoppers into graduated cylinders, or crystal-
lizins dishes.Funnels and disheswith a diameter of l0 crn (3^94in.) have
an aiea of abour 80 cm2 112.4 in.2;.
Nr:rr: l0-The specific gravity of salt solution will change with
temperature.Tiible 3 shows salt concentration and density versus tempera-
ture3 and can be nsed to determine if the sample measured is within
specification. The sanrple to be measured may be a composite sample from
r "Thermodynamic Propenies of the NaCl + H2O system II. Themodynamic
Properfies of NaCl(aq). NaCl.2H2O(cr), and Phase Equilihria," .loumul of Physics
urul Chetnisln Refercnt:eDdte,Vol.21, No. 4, 1992.
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Thu Feb 6 06:00:37 EST 2014
\
\
\
l
I
multiple fog-collecting devices within a single cabinet, il nccessary.to
obtain sufficient solution volume for measuremerrt.
llhble i] shows the salt concentration and salt clcnsity ol' 4erl.5a/t, rntl bc,'r:
salt solution between 20''C and 40"C. A measuremeutthaLfalls within tltc
range between 4o/aand 67o is acceptable.
It is important to understand the equipment trcing usetl to tllcasurc
specific gravity. One common practice for specificgravity Ittr:asurcr'u,:ltl i"
the use of a hydrometer.If used, careful attention to tho hydronrotcftypc
is imponant as most are manufaciured and calibratecl lirr ntoasuremcntsltt
15.6'C (60'F). Since salt density is temperaturodepcnclent.an ol'{'sctu'ill
be necessaryto tnake an accurate measurementat othc| tcnlpctaturcs.
Contact the hydrorneter manufacturer to find the proper ttll,set fir thc
hydrometer being used.
NorE 1l-Salt solutions frorr 2 to 6Vn will givc the sarne rcsults.
though for unifon.rity the limits are sertat 4 to 6a/a.
10.3 The nozzleor nozzlesshall bc so ditectcdor bafflcci
that none of the Spray can irnpinge directly on thc tcst
specimens.
11. Continuity of Exposure
covcr'-
ll.1 Unlessotherwist specifiedin the specificlticttts
ing the material or product being tested.the test shatl be
continuousfor the durationof the entire teit period.Contintt-
ous operationimplies that the chamberbe closedandthe spray
operatingcontinuouslyexceptfor the shortclailyinterruptions
necessaryto inspect.rear-range, or removetest spcL'inlcns.to
checkand replenishthe solutionin the reservoir,ancll.onrake
necessaryrecordingsas describedin Section l{}.
Nore l2-Opelations should be so schecluledthat Lhe cunrulative
maximum time for these interruptions are held to 60 min or less per day.
It is recommended to have only one intermptron per da1, if possiblc, If
interruption time is longer that 60 rnin, it should brenoted in the l.ostreporl.
12. Period of Exposure
12.1 The period of exposureshall be as designatedby tlte
coveringthe materialor productbeing testetlor
specifications
as mutually agreedupon betweenthe purchaserand the sellcr.
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TABLE 3 Temperatureversus Density Data
Temperature Density,g/cm3
'c ('F)
4-oercentSalt Concentration 5-percentSalt Concentration 6-percent Sall
Concentration
20 (68) 1.025758 1.032360 1.038867
21 (69.8) 1.025480 1.032067 1.038560
{ 22 (71.6\ 1.025193 1.03t 766 1.038245

I
23 (73.4\ 1.024899 1.031458 1.037924
24 (75.21 1.024596 1.031142 1.037596
25 (77\ 1.024286 1 . 0 3 0 8I1 1.037261
I 26 (78.8) 1.023969 1.030489 1.03691 I
27 (80.6) 1.023643 1.0301s2 1.036570
28 (82.41 1.023311 1.029808 1.03621 5
29 (84.2\ 1.022971 1.029457 1.035853
'1.035485
30 (86) 1.022624 1.029099
't.028735 ' I. 0 3 5 1 1 0
31 (87.8) 1.022270
32 (89.6) 1. 0 2 1 9 1 0 1.028364 1.034729
"t.021542 '1.027986
33 (91.4) 1.034343
' 1. 0 2 1 1 6 8 1.027602 1.033950
34 193.21
35 (e5) 1.O2Q787 1.O272't2 1.033551
36 (96.8) '1.020399 1.026816 1.033146
s7 (98.6) 1.020006 1.026413 1.032735
3 8 ( 10 0 . 4 ) 1.019605 1.026005 1.032319
3 9 ( 10 2 . 2 ) 1. 0 1 9 1 9 9 1.025590 1.031897
4 0 ( 10 4 ) 1 . 0 18 7 8 6 1.025170 1. 0 3 14 6 9

Nrvrr:l3-Recornmendedexposure periods
areto be as agreed
upon temperatureto determinethat the sarnplemeasuredis within
between thepnrchaser butexposure
andtheseller, periods ofmultiples
of specification.Sample to be measuredmay be a composite
1.4h aresuggested.
sample from multiple fog-collecting devices (within a single
13. Cleaning ol"I'esled Specitnens cabinet),if necessaryto obtain sullicientsolutionvolume for
l3.l Unlessothelwisespecifiedin the specilications
cover- measurement.
in-{ the rnaterialor product being tested,specimensshall be 15.1.5pH of collectedsolutionat23 + 3"C (73 -r 5'F).
treatedas follows at the end of the test: Sample to be measured may be a composite sample from
13.1.1The speoimensshall be carefully removed. multiple fog-collectingdevices (within a single cabinet),if
necessaryto obtain sufficient solution volume for measure-
13.2 Specimensmay be gently washedor dipped in clean
running water not warnrerthan 38'C (100"F) to remove salt ment.
depositstiom their surface,and then immediat"elfi
dried. 15.2 Type of specimenand its dimensions,or number or
description of part,
14. Fl,valuationof Results
examinationshall be madeas
14.I A care{irland imrneciiate 15.3 Method of cleaningspecimensbetbreand aftertesting,
rccluircdhy the specificatiurscoveringthe materialor product' 15.4 Method of supponingor suspendingarticlein the salt
lreing testedor by agreementbetweenthe purchaserand the spray chqmber,. '
seller.
15.5,Descriptionof protectlonused as requiredin 6.5,
15. Records and Reports
'fhe 15.6 Exposureperiod, J
15.I lbllowing infonnation shirll be recorded,unless
otherwis€r prescribedin the specifications coveringthe material 15.7 Intemrptionsin exposure,cause,and length of time,
or prcldnctbeingtested: arrd \
1 5 . 1 . 1T y p e o f s a l t a n d water used in preparing the salt
solutlon. 15.8 Resultsof all inspections.
15.1.2All readingsof temperaturewithin the exposurezone Norr l4-If anyof theatonizedsaltsolutionwhichhasnotconmcted
o1'thcchamber. is returned
thetestspecimens to thereservoir, to recordthe
it is advisable
15.1.3Data obtained from each fog-collecting device of concentration or specific gravity of ttris solution also.
volume of salt solution collectedin millilitres per hour per
8 o c m 2( 1 2 . 4i n . ? ) . 16. Keywords
15.1.4 Concentrationor specificgravity of collectedsolu- l6.l controlledcorrosiveenvironrnent;corrosivecondi-
tion and the ternperatureof that solution when measured.
tions;determiningmassloss;salt spray(fog) exposure
Itrollow Tlhlc 3 ior salt concentration and density versus

Copyrightby ASTM Int'l (all rightsreserved);Thu Feb 6 06:00:37EST 2014 s

 ,($perrz- rr
APPENDTXES
(NonmandatorY Information)
Xl. CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
X1.1 Cabinets
Xl.l.l Standard salt spray cabinets are available from
severalsuppliers,but certainpertinent accessoriesare required
before they will function accordingto this practiceand provide
consistentcontrol for duplication of results.
I-l.l.z The salt spraycabinetconsistsof the basic chamber,
an air-saturator tower, a salt solution reservoir, atomizing
nozzles,specirnensupports,provisions for heating the cham-
ber, and suitablecontrols for maintaining the desiredtempera-
ture.
X1.1.3 Accessoriessuch as a suitableadiustablebaffle or
central fbg tower, automaticlevel control for the salt reservoir,
and automatic level control fbr the air-saturator tower are
pertinent parts of ths apparatus.
Xl.1.4 The size and shapeof the cabinetshall be suchthat
the atomizationand quantity of collected solution is within the
limits of this practice.
X1.1.5 The chambershall be made of suitably ineil mate-
rials suchasplastic,giass,or stone,or constructedof metaland
lined with imperviousplastics,rubber, or epoxy-typematerials
or equivalent.
Xl.l,6 All piping that contactsthe salt solution or spray
should be of inert materialssuch as plastic. Vent piping should
be of sufficientsize so that a minimurn of bask pressureexists
and slrould be installed so that no solutiori is trapped. The
exposedend of tlte vent pipe should be shieldedfrom extreme
air currentsthat may causefluctuationof pressureor vacuumin
the cabinet.
X1.2 Temperature Control
Xl.2.l The maintenance of temperature within the salt
chamber can be accomplished by several methods. It is
generallydesirableto control the temperatureof the surround-
ings of the salt spray chamber and to maintain it as stable as
possible.This may be accomplishedby placing the apparatus
in a constant-temperature room, but may also be achievedby
surroundingthe basic chamberof a jacket containing water or
air at a controlled telnperature.
X1.2.2 The use of immersion heaters in an internal salt
solution reservoir or within the chamberis detrimentalwhere
heatlossesare appreciablebecauseof solution evaporationand
radiantheaton the specimens.
f,1.3 Spray Nozzles
X1.3.1 Satisfactorynozzles may be made of hard rubber,
plastic, or other inert materials.llhe most commonly usedtype
Copyrightby ASTM Int'l (all righs resewed);Thu Feb 6 06:00:37EST 2014
is madeof plastic.Nozzlescalibratedfor air consumptionancl
solution-atomizedare available.The operatingchalactcristics
of a typical nozzleue given in fable Xl.1.
X1.3.2 It can readily be seen that air consunllltion is
relatively stable at the pressuresnormally used, but a niarked
reductionin solution sprayedoccurs if the levei ol the solution
is allowedto drop appreciablyduring the test.l'hus, the levef
of the solution in the salt reservoir must be maintained
automatically to ensureuniform fog delivery during the test.'t
X1.3.3 If the nozzle selecteddoes not atomize the salt
solution into uniform droplets,it will be necessaryto direct the
spray at a bafle or wall to pick up the larger drops and prevent
them from impinging on the test specimens.Pendinga conr-
plete understandingof air-pressureeffects, and so forth, it is
important that ^ihenozzle selected shall produce the desired
conditionwhen operatedat the air pressureselected.Nozzles
are not necessarilylocatedat one end,but may be placedin the
centerand can alsobe directedverticallyup thiougtra suitable
tower.
X1.4 Air for Atomization
Xl.4.1 The air usedfor atomizationmust be {'rceof grease.
oil, and dirt before use by passingthrough well-rnaintained
and
filters.Room air may be compressed, heated,humiclifiecl,
of the
washed in a water-sealed rotary purnp if the temperature
water is suitably controlled. Otherwise cleaneclair may be
infioducedinto the bottom of a tower fitled with water through
a porous stoneor multiple nozzles.The level of the water must
be maintainedautomaticallyto ensureadequate hunridification.
A chamber operated in accordance with this method and
Appendix Xl will have a relative humidity between 95 and
98 7o. Since salt solutionsfrom 2 to 6 Vawill give the same
o/c).it
resuiti lthough for uniformity the lirnits are set at 4 ta 6
is preferable to saturatethe air at temperatures wcll above the
chamber temperatureas ipsurance of a wet tog' Table Xt.2
showsthe temperatures,aftift'erent pressures.that are required
to offset the cooling effect of expansion to atmospheric
pressure.
XI.4.2 Experience has shown that most unifoln.r spray
chamberatmospheres are obtainedby increasingthe atornizing
air temperaturesufficiently to off'setheat losses,except those
that can be replaced otherwise at very low-temperaturegradi-
ents.
4 A suitable device for maintaining the ievel of liquid in eilher tlle saturator lower
or reservoir of test soludon may be designed by a local engineering group. or it rnay
be purchased from manufacturers of test cabinets as an accessolJ.
6
 {ff errz- rr
Ilpes of Construction
XI.5.l A modernlaboratorycabinetis shown in Fig. Xl.l.
Height
Walk-in chambers are usually constructed with a sloping .cm 1( 13t
ceiling. Suitably located and directed spray nozzles avoid 19 26.5 31 36 2100 4584 5256
ceiling accumulationand drip. Nozzlesmay be locatedat the 20 19 26.5 o l ,c JO 636 2760 3720 4320
30 19 26.5 31. 5 36 0 '1380
ceiling, or 0.9 I m (3 ft) from ths floor directedupward at 30 to 3000 3710
40 19 26.6 J I .5 36 0 780 2124 zsicp.
60oovera passageway. The numberofnozzlesdipendson type
and capacityand is relatedto the area of the test space.An I 1 Air Flow,
to 19 L (3 to 5-gal) reservoir is required within the chamber, Siphon
Height, Umin
with the level conrrolled.The major featuresof a walk-in type in.
cabinet, which differs significantly from the laboratory type, 4 1 9 36 4584 5256
are illtrstratedin Fig. Xt.2. Constructionof a plastic nozzle, 8 19 26.5 31.5 36 636 2760 3720 4320
suchas is furnishedby severalsuppliers,is shownin Fig. Xl.3. 12 19 26.5 31.5 36 0 1380 3000 3710
16 19 26.6 31.5 JO 0 7Ss 2124 2904

TABLE X1.2 Temperature and pressure Requirements for

Operation of Test at gS"F

Copyrightby ASTM Int'l (all rightsresewed);Thu Feb 6 06:00:32EST 2014

7
 {ff errz- rr

'l
r r.i-
I I
I
-FJ
j
I
t !
) 12A
ftl t l
l l
:1 i l

Nore l-This figure shows the various components including

alternate arangements of the spray nozzres
and sorution reservoir.
o-Angle of lid, 90 to 1ZS,
1-Thermometer and thermoslatfor controlling
z-Automatic water levelinodevice - {eater (ltem No. 8) in baso
|
3-Humidifying tower
4-Automatic lemperaturereoulalorfor controlling
heater (ltem No. S)
5-lmmersion heater,nonrustino
6*Air inlet,multipleopeninos
7-Air tube to sprav- nozzla
8-Heater in base
HIS"9 top, hydraulicailyoperated,or counterbalanced
?^
rrEracKers tor rods supportingspecimens,
j j-tnlernal reservoir or test table
12-spray nozzreabove reservoir,suitabry
designed,rocated,and barfred ,r
housedin dispersion;r"; i;";i;;;;Llaury p
irrl;;1;"r"""re in cenrerof cabiner(typicalexamptes)

sideoftestspace
from
sprav
nozzre
(rtem
12),burpreferabry
lF!:.{".^?uHfllff: fi#:"1.:;?:*'."1;i:""-e incombinarion
ftthdrain,
waste
trap,
1s-number not used
betweenforced draft waste pipe (ltem 17)
lf;?T:J:lir:;'paration and combinationdrain and exhaust(trems 14
and 19) to avoid undesirabtesuction
17-Forced draft waste pipe
1&-Automatic levelingdevicefor reservoir
19-Waste trao
20-Air space or water iacket
21-Test table or rack, well below roof area

Flc..X1.1Typical Salt Spray Cabinet

copyright by ASTM Int'l (alr rightsreserved);

Thu Feb 6 06:00:37EST 2014
g
 {ff errz- tt

I ,-i. >_. I
L_____ _ _-------{
( )
I
I [=l I
I
I
I
lt r l t I
I
:l | 4 "l I
I I
I
l l I
t
L J

type cabinet (l"1g Xt t)' Dut

as tbr the smaller laboratory
Nrrri: i-Thc controls are the same, in general
features:
chattrber has thc firllorving

o-Angle of ceiling, 90 to 125"

1-HeavY insulated outer Panels
2-Air sPace
l-Low-watt density heaters' or steam coils door sill
type), with inward sloping
4_-singte- or double-, r"rr-"p.'rli"gT;o, ireirigeration
5-Viewing windows
6-lnner chambervenl
7-lnner chamberdrain
8-Duct tloardson floor
,r.s 2.4m (s by 8 ft) and upwardin overallsize
FrG.x1.2walk_inchamber, by

Ait4

FIG' X1'3 TYPicalSPraYNozzle

(FOG) TEST IN RESEARCH

X2. USE OF THE SATT SPRAY
constitutean adequatesample
for pro:-essqualifica- numberof specimensrequiretlto point out that
X2.l This practiceis primarily-used In this'donnectionit is well to
any ne].:lpplications' it il;;;ttp"ses'
ot testing of
rion and quality accepnn;e' Regaiding Practice 8117 is not applicable
to the
:t:d:
of this practicewith actual steel or otr
is essentialto correlatcthe resilts att"t"rit" chromium plaie (nickel-chromirlkr)
on
X2'1') plate on steel' For this
fielclexposuleresults'(SeeFig' zinc-basedie castingsor of cadmium
used to a considerableextent 8368andPra:riT:y^*"' ""'11::'
r;;; Metho-d
X2.2'litc salt sprayhas been ;;J some ro be superiorfor compan-
materials or finishes' It iut i.t, *" also consideredby
for the ptrpose nf tn*p*ing different (chromated'phosphated'
not a direct relation between son of chemically treated iuminum
.lx.,uil [" nor*o there is u"Ltty regardingthe validity
resistanceto colrosionin other or anodized),although final conclusions
salt spray(tog) resistanceand
of the reactions' including the
media, becausettte cftemisiry o f t e s t r e s u l t s r e l a t e d t o s e r v i c e e x p e r i e n c e h a v eto
notbee
protective value' frequently varies G85 utt considered be
formation o1'films unOtrt"i''"inaitont
"-'it Informed reached.PracticeB117 and Practice
in- p*t^i* relative behavior of closely
-..^iit ,"i.:,:,T'::"d most useful in estimating the
erraticcomposition of basic alloys' since it simulatesthe
personuelare awareor rhe related materialsin marinJ atmospheres'
in quality and thickness of due to either wetness
ihe possibility of wide ;;ti;il"t ia$c conOitlonswith some acceleration
'utkt at the sametime' and
plateditemsp,oootto^onit'"'u*t or temperature,or both'
determinationof the
the consequentneeo ror a matt'ematical
 {$p errz- rr
\
F"
co
160
70
150
140
60
130
50 120
110
40 100
90
30 EXPOSURE
CONTINUOUS 80
70
20 60
50
10
40
o 30
20
-10 10
o
12 16 20 24
4
HOURS

tolerance limits'
Nora l-Dashed chart lines indicate telnperaturc
Norn 2-Rcplintcd with permission'
lv water'
(Nacl) in 95 partsby mass of specilicationD1193Type
(1) salt solution- 5 r 1 partsby mass ot sodiumchloride
izi pff O.sto 7.2 ol collectedsolution' representsan operationalcontrol
. .i .
b-em_aintained at 35 r 2"c (s5 * 3'F). Each set point and its tolerance
(3) The exposurezone of the sa* spray chambersharf ilay not ne"es"arityreplsent the unilormity of conditions throughoutthe cabinet
point for equiribrium
"i"n conditionsat a singrerocationin il.'."."ni""iiii"i
horizontal collectionarea'
ioJ ,"," of 1.0 to 2 0 mUh per 80 cm2 of
"i "
Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus
FIG' X2.1 Standard Practice for Operating

X3, EVALUATTONOF CORROSIVECON'DITIONS

clf twtr
panels and X3.4 Positioningof l?'st Panels-Placea rninimutn
X3.l General -This appendix covers test with the 127-rnrn (5'0 in') length
the Corrosive.conditions within a salt weighedpanelsin the cabinet,
pro".Ju."* inr evaluating Place the pane{s in thc proximity
of steel test ,,rpiort"i 30ofrorn vertical'
spraycabinet.The procedureinvolves the exposure collectors'(SeeSection6')
of their mass lossesin a specified oitite condensate
;;*Jlr ;;J the deteimination salt fog 1br48
of time. This rnay be done monthly or more frequently X35 Duration'of Test-Expose panelsto the
ieriod useftil for
to ensureconsistentoperation over time' It is also to 168h.
cabinets'
.u.r"tuting the corrosive conditions among different re-
X3.6 Cleaning of Test Panels After Exposurr-Aftel
each parlel
X3.2 Test Panels-The required test panels' 16 by
127 by moval of the panets from the cabinet' rinsc
SAE 1008 witl running tap water to t'etno'vesalt' ald rinsetn
0.ti mm (3.0 by 5.0 by .0315 in'), are made from i**"a;u,"fy
Type IV)'
.ot*".riul-grade cold-rolledcarbonsteel
(UNS Gl0080)' ."ug"n, grod" tut". (Jee S'pecification ^I)119"1' in a fi'eslt
for 10 min at 20 t'o25"C
CfrJ-i"uify cleaneachpanel
panels solution preParedas follows:
X3.3 Prepr'trtttittnof Panels Before Testing-Clean
that the.surfacesare free acid (sp gr 1 19)with 1000ml-
before testing by degreasingonly, so Mix 1000mL of hydrochloric
10 g,ol-hexameth-
matter that could influence the test ,'""guni gruO"wa:ter(D1193,TypelV)-andadd
of ai.t, oit, oi other ioreign
-weigh panel with reagent
panel on an iu:alytical vlen'etetiamine.Atter cleaning,rinse each
results. After cleaning, each (see 13'2)'
bradewater(TypelV) and dry
baianceto the nearest1.0 mg and record the mass'

Feb 6 06:00:37EST 2014 10

Copyrightby ASTM Int'l (all rightsresewed);Thu
 {$p errz- rr
X3.'7 Dtlenniling Mass Los,r-Intmediately after drying,
derern,inethe massloss by reweighingand subtractingpanel
massafter cxposurefrom its original mass.
X3.7.1 DaLageneratedin the interlaboratorystudy using
this methoclare availablefrom ASTM as a ResearchReport.5
X3.8 Precisionand Bias-Steel Panel Test
X3.8.1 An interlaboratory testprogramusing threedifferent
sctsof UNS C I0080steelpanels,76by 127by 0.8 mrn (3.0by
5.0 by .0315 in.) has shown that the lepeatabilityof the mass
loss ol' the steelpanels,that is, the consistencyin mass loss
rcsults that may be expectcdwhen replicatepanels are run
sirnultaneouslyin a salt spray cabinet, is dependentupon
exposuretirneand the panellot or source.The interlaboratory
prosram yieldectrepeatabilitystandarddeviations,S", from
rviiich 95 o/,fepeatabilitylimits, r, were calculatedas follows
X3.8.3 The massloss of steelin this salt spraypracriceis
dependent uponthe areaof steelexposed.the temperature. rime
of exposure,salt solution make up and purity, pH, spral'
conditions,and the metallurgyof the steel.The procedurein
AppendixX3 for measuringthe corosivity of neutralsaltspray
cabinetswith steel pmels has no bias becausethe vaiue of
corrosivity of the salt spray is definedonly in rerrnsof rhis
practice.
TABLEX3.1Repeatability
Sraristics
Nore l-Based on two replicates in every test run. No. = number of
different salt spray cabinets in test program; r = 95 Vorepeatability limits,
g; Cv = S/avg, coeffi cient of variation, o/o;and S, = repeatabiliry standard
deviations, g.
Awr

Materiarst".",lPY* "lr"i3:" s" s Cv,% r, g No.

(seePracticcI:69[): Iton. n '
LOSS,g

r:2.8S, (x3.1) QP1 48 0.8170 0.0588 7.20 0.1646 12

QPl 96 "1.5347 0.1048 7.28 0.2934 '12
'l'hc 't
X-l.U.l.l valucsof 5',and r are reportedin "Uablc X_1.1. QP.1 68 2.5996 0.2498 9.61 0.6994 12
AP 48 0.7787 0.0403 5.17 0.1128 10
Note that the crtrrosionrate of steel in this environmentis AP 96 1.4094 0.0923 6.55 0.2584 10
approxirnately constantoverthe exposureintervalandthatthe AP 168 2.4309 0.1594 6.56 0.4463
'10
latio of tlic stanclarcl cleviationto the averagemass loss, the QP2 48 0.8566 0.0686 8.01 0.1921 5
QP2 96 1.5720 0.0976 6.21 0.?733 5
coefftcientof variation,Cu, variesbetween5 and l0 Vowitha QP2 168 2.7600 0.2588 9.38 0.7246 5
r.r,eiglrted averageof J.4 o/t'and an r of +21 o/oof [he average
r l a s sl o s s .
X3.8.2 This interlaboratoryprogram also producedresults
on the reproducibilityof results,that is, the consistencyof mass
loss results in tests in different laboratoriesor in different TABLE X3.2 ReproducibilityStatistics
cahinetsin the samefacility. This program yielded reproduc- Norp l-No. = numberof differentsaltsprayoabinets in restprogram:
ibility standarddeviations,.!o ,frorn which 95 ,/oreproducibil- R=95 Voreproduoiblitylimits, g; Cv = Sr,/avg,coelficientof variation.
ity limits.11,werecalculated as follows (SeePr{cticeE69l): 7o;and Sn= reproducibilitystandarddeviation,g.
Awo
R:2.8Sr (x3.2) Materiarst"-",lPT* "lr"j3:" sn,e cv,% a, s
I r o n' .n
LOSS, g
X3.8.2.I The valuesof So andR arereportedin TableX3.2.
oP1 48 0.8170 0.0947 11.58 0.2652
Nole that the ratio <tl'standarddeviationto the averagemass' QP1 96 1.5347 0.2019 '14.02
0.5653 '12
loss,tlrc cocllicientof variation.Cv. variesbetween8 to 18 Vo QP1 2.5996 0.3255 't2
I06 12.5? 0.9114
rvitlr a ncightcd avelageof l2.l o/oandan R of +36 o/oof the AP 48 0.7787 0.0805 10.33 0.2254 10
AP vo 1.4094 0.1626 1 1. 5 4 0.4553 10
ilvel'agernasslciss. AP t06 2.4309 0.3402 14.00 0.9526 10
oP2 48 0.8566 0.1529 17.85 0.4281 5
.]P)
96 1.5720,0.1319 8.39 0.3693 E
'Supporting
dattr have bcerr filed at ASTM Intemational Headquartcrsand may QP2 too 2.7600 0.387s 14.03 1.0844 5
be obtaincd lry requestingflesearch Report RR:GOl-1003.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

CornmitteeG0l hasidentifiedthe locationof selectedchangesto this standardsincethe last issue(B I I 7-09)

that mav impact the use of this standard.

fi ) AddedN*re l{l and Note l2 (4) Revised15.1.3,l-5.1.4,and l-5.1.5.

(2JAdded'lable l. (5) Revised8.1 and 8.2.
/-jl Addednoreto Table l. /6)Revised10.2.

Copyrightby ASTM Int'l (all rightsreserved);Thu Feb 6 06:00:37EST 2014